CN111083977A - Mixed fertilizer application method in apple planting - Google Patents
Mixed fertilizer application method in apple planting Download PDFInfo
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- CN111083977A CN111083977A CN201911397690.8A CN201911397690A CN111083977A CN 111083977 A CN111083977 A CN 111083977A CN 201911397690 A CN201911397690 A CN 201911397690A CN 111083977 A CN111083977 A CN 111083977A
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- fertilizer
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C5/00—Fertilisers containing other nitrates
- C05C5/04—Fertilisers containing other nitrates containing calcium nitrate
Abstract
The invention discloses a mixed fertilizer application method in apple planting, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a controlled-release compound fertilizer and an organic fertilizer for later use; (2) after the apples are harvested, the standard dosage is 2000-3000 kg/666.7m2Applying an organic fertilizer; (3) in the sprouting period of the next year, applying a controlled-release compound fertilizer with the dosage standard of 1.64-2.0 kg per plant, backfilling mellow soil in the fertilizing ditch, leveling and irrigating; wherein the controlled release compound fertilizer has a nutrient release period of 3 months and/or 6 months. By adopting the fertilizing method, the controlled-release blended fertilizer is applied in a reduced amount, the application amount of the fertilizer is reduced by 25%, the pollution risk of the ecological environment caused by leaching and volatilization of the fertilizer is reduced, and the fertility level of the soil is obviously improved; and various effective components of the fertilizer can be fully utilized, and the production of apple trees is improvedGreatly improves the economic benefit of the product while improving the strength.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree planting, in particular to a mixed fertilizer application method in apple planting.
Background
China is the largest apple producing country and consuming country in the world, and by 2017, the planting area of apples in China is increased to 222 ten thousand hectares, the yield is increased to 4139 ten thousand tons, which respectively account for 45.04% of the planting area in the world and 49.81% of the yield (grain and agriculture organization, 2017). In recent years, the apple planting industry in China, particularly in Shandong province, has been optimizing structures, decreasing planting areas and increasing yields. In such a situation, the use of fertilizers plays an important role.
At present, the fertilization technology is immature, and a wrong idea of 'multiple fertilization and multiple harvest' exists in the mind of farmers and even technicians. According to statistics, the use of the fertilizer in the production of apples in northern China will continue to increase, and the use amounts of NPK reach 300-2The nitrogen application amount of Shandong province to apple is up to 837kg/hm2Is far higher than the developed national fertilization level of the apple industry in the world. The long-term use of the chemical fertilizer in large quantities leads to low use efficiency of the chemical fertilizer, causes negative influence on the environment and possibly threatens the sustainable development of the apple industry. A number of problems will also follow, including soil degradation, faster leaching of fertilizers, reduced organic carbon and alkaline cation content, pollution of groundwater, increased greenhouse gas emissions, etc. It is known that in apple growing areas in Shandong province, people pay more attention to the fact that the use of a large amount of chemical fertilizer seriously threatens the drinking water safety of people and brings numerous problems and adverse effects.
In recent years, in order to solve the problems of low fertilizer utilization rate, environmental pollution and the like, the development of some novel fertilizers is continuously carried out. Compared with the traditional fertilizer, the controlled release fertilizer can improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, reduce the leaching loss of nutrients at the roots of crops, has lower solubility in water and longer fertilizer efficiency, can meet the nutrient requirement of the whole growth period of the crops, and improves the yield and the quality of the crops to a certain extent. Meanwhile, controlled release fertilizers have been widely adopted as an effective slow-down alternative to improve crop productivity and reduce labor and time input. However, the controlled release fertilizer has large dosage and is easy to cause pollution to the ecological environment.
Therefore, how to provide a fertilizing method capable of reducing fertilizing amount and improving the productivity of apple trees is a problem to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a fertilizing method capable of reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer used and improving the productivity of apple trees.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a mixed fertilizer application method in apple planting comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a controlled-release compound fertilizer and an organic fertilizer for later use;
(2) after the apples are harvested, the standard dosage is 2000-3000 kg/666.7m2Applying an organic fertilizer;
(3) in the sprouting period of the next year, applying a controlled-release compound fertilizer with the dosage standard of 1.64-2.0 kg per plant, backfilling mellow soil in the fertilizing ditch, leveling and irrigating;
wherein the controlled release compound fertilizer has a nutrient release period of 3 months and/or 6 months. The organic fertilizer is sheep manure or cow manure.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting the fertilizing method, the controlled-release blended fertilizer is applied in a reduced amount, the application amount of the fertilizer is reduced by 25%, the pollution risk of the ecological environment caused by leaching and volatilization of the fertilizer is reduced, and the fertility level of the soil is obviously improved; and various effective components of the fertilizer can be fully utilized, so that the productivity of the apple trees is improved, and the economic benefit of the apple trees is greatly improved.
Preferably, the N: P in the controlled-release compound fertilizer2O5:K2The ratio of O was 20:10: 20.
Preferably, the controlled release compound fertilizer adopts 0.82kg of controlled release compound fertilizer with the nutrient release period of 3 months and 0.82kg of controlled release compound fertilizer with the nutrient release period of 6 months
The beneficial effects are that: by adopting the scheme, the productivity and the yield of the apple trees and the fertility level of soil are greatly improved.
Preferably, the fertilizing method of applying the organic fertilizer in the step (2) and applying the controlled-release compound fertilizer in the step (3) is a radial furrow fertilizing method, and the specific operations are as follows: the fertilizing furrows are positioned in the middle of the trunk and in the middle of the projection outer edge of the crown and are 4 symmetrical fertilizing furrows with the depth of 25cm and the width of 15cm in the north-south direction, and after fertilizer is applied to the fertilizing furrows, the fertilizing furrows are covered with soil and filled.
The beneficial effects are that: can effectively improve the soil fertilizer retention performance, slow down the nutrient leaching loss, improve the nutrient utilization rate and promote the formation of soil aggregates.
Preferably, in the step (2), after the harvest of the apples, when the soil is in an orchard deficient in zinc, boron and calcium, zinc sulfate is applied at 1kg/666.7m20.5-1.0 kg/666.7m of borax220kg/666.7m of calcium nitrate21kg of acid soil conditioner per plant is buried by covering soil after being applied.
More preferably, the acid soil conditioner is a silicon-calcium-magnesium soil conditioner; the silicon-calcium-magnesium acid soil conditioner comprises the following raw material SiO in parts by weight220.0％，CaO29.0 percent of MgO, 22.0 percent of MgO; when the pH value of the soil is below 6.0, the soil is applied according to the standard of 1kg per tree.
Preferably, in the steps (2) to (3), the row spacing for planting the apples is 2m × 4 m.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention discloses a mixed fertilizer application method in apple planting, which achieves the following beneficial effects:
(1) the utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be improved, the nitrogen content reaches 39%, the phosphorus content reaches 24%, and the potassium content reaches 31%.
(2) Can effectively reduce the application amount of chemical fertilizers, and respectively improve the utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by 14.5 percent, 7.4 percent and 12.2 percent compared with common fertilizers.
(3) The controlled-release blended fertilizer is applied in a reduced amount, so that the application amount of the fertilizer is reduced, the pollution risk of the ecological environment caused by leaching and volatilization of the fertilizer is reduced, and the fertility level of the soil is obviously improved.
(4) By the fertilizing method, labor force can be reduced, various effective components of the fertilizer can be fully utilized, and the economic benefit of the apple trees is greatly improved while the productivity of the apple trees is improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following examples, 3-month controlled release fertilizer and 6-month controlled release fertilizer were produced by jinzheng group, in which the N content in the coated granules was 42%.
The organic fertilizer is sheep manure or cow manure.
Example 1
The mixed fertilizer application method in apple planting comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a controlled release fertilizer with a nutrient release period of 6 months as a controlled release compound fertilizer, and selecting sheep manure as an organic fertilizer for later use;
(2) in the middle 10 months after apple harvest, the standard of applying sheep manure is 2000kg/666.7m2The fertilizing furrows are positioned in the middle of the trunk and in the middle of the projection outer edge of the crown and are 4 symmetrical fertilizing furrows with the depth of 25cm and the width of 15cm in the positive south direction and the positive north direction, and the fertilizing furrows are filled with sheep manure and then are filled with soil;
(3) in the middle and last ten days of 3 months in the sprouting period of the next year, each tree adopts a radial fertilization method, 4 symmetrical fertilization ditches in the north and south directions are applied with 1.64kg of controlled release compound fertilizer with the nutrient release period of 6 months, after the controlled release compound fertilizer is uniformly applied, partial mellow soil is backfilled, the controlled release compound fertilizer and the backfilled soil are fully and uniformly mixed, and then the fertilization ditches are filled up.
And (4) carrying out drip irrigation in a drip irrigation mode in the whole growth period of the apple trees in the steps (2) to (3).
Example 2
The mixed fertilizer application method in apple planting comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a controlled release fertilizer with a nutrient release period of 6 months as a controlled release compound fertilizer, and selecting sheep manure as an organic fertilizer for later use;
(2) in the middle 10 months after apple harvest, the standard of applying sheep manure is 2000kg/666.7m2The fertilizing furrows are positioned in the middle of the trunk and in the middle of the projection outer edge of the crown and are 4 symmetrical fertilizing furrows with the depth of 25cm and the width of 15cm in the positive south direction and the positive north direction, and the fertilizing furrows are filled with sheep manure and then are filled with soil;
(3) in the middle and last ten days of 3 months in the sprouting period of the next year apples, each tree adopts a radial fertilization method, 4 symmetrical fertilization ditches in the north and south directions are applied with 1.64kg of controlled release compound fertilizer with the nutrient release period of 3 months, after the controlled release compound fertilizer is evenly applied, partial mellow soil is backfilled, the controlled release compound fertilizer and the backfilled soil are fully and evenly mixed, and then the fertilization ditches are filled.
And (4) carrying out drip irrigation in a drip irrigation mode in the whole growth period of the apple trees in the steps (2) to (3).
Example 3
The mixed fertilizer application method in apple planting comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a controlled release fertilizer with a nutrient release period of 6 months as a controlled release compound fertilizer, and selecting sheep manure as an organic fertilizer for later use;
(2) in the middle 10 months after apple harvest, the standard of applying sheep manure is 2000kg/666.7m2The fertilizing furrows are positioned in the middle of the trunk and in the middle of the projection outer edge of the crown and are 4 symmetrical fertilizing furrows with the depth of 25cm and the width of 15cm in the positive south direction and the positive north direction, and the fertilizing furrows are filled with sheep manure and then are filled with soil;
(3) in the middle and last ten days of 3 months in the sprouting period of the next year apples, each tree adopts a radial fertilization method, 4 symmetrical fertilization ditches in the north and south directions are applied with 0.82kg of controlled release compound fertilizer with the nutrient release period of 3 months and 0.82kg of controlled release compound fertilizer with the nutrient release period of 6 months, after the controlled release compound fertilizers are evenly applied, partial mellow soil is backfilled, the controlled release compound fertilizers and the backfilled soil are fully and evenly mixed, and then the fertilization ditches are filled flatly.
And (4) carrying out drip irrigation in a drip irrigation mode in the whole growth period of the apple trees in the steps (2) to (3).
Example 4
The mixed fertilizer application method in apple planting comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a controlled release fertilizer with a nutrient release period of 6 months as a controlled release compound fertilizer, and selecting sheep manure as an organic fertilizer for later use;
(2) in the middle 10 months after apple harvest, the standard of applying sheep manure is 2000kg/666.7m2The fertilizing furrows are positioned in the middle of the trunk and in the middle of the projection outer edge of the crown and are 4 symmetrical fertilizing furrows with the depth of 25cm and the width of 15cm in the positive south direction and the positive north direction, and the fertilizing furrows are filled with sheep manure and then are filled with soil;
(3) in the middle and last ten days of 3 months in the sprouting period of the next year apples, each tree adopts a radial fertilization method, 4 symmetrical fertilization ditches in the north and south directions are applied with 1.148kg of controlled release compound fertilizer with the nutrient release period of 3 months and 0.492kg of controlled release compound fertilizer with the nutrient release period of 6 months, after the controlled release compound fertilizer is evenly applied, partial mellow soil is backfilled, the controlled release compound fertilizer and the backfilled soil are fully and evenly mixed, and then the fertilization ditches are filled flatly.
And (4) carrying out drip irrigation in a drip irrigation mode in the whole growth period of the apple trees in the steps (2) to (3).
Test of
The field trials were conducted in orchards (37 ° 25'44 "N, 121 ° 24' 26" E) at the academy of agriculture (the garden of the villian village, the town of tobacco, hatschek, Shandong, USA). The apple variety used in the experiment was 7 years old Ningpo 3/M26/Malus hupehensis Rehd apple. The row spacing of the planted trees is 2m multiplied by 4 m.
The test is carried out from 10 months to 10 months in 2016, 2018, fertilization is respectively carried out in 10 months in 2016, 10 months in 2017, 3 months in 2017 and 3 months in 2018, 4 treatments are carried out in examples 1-4, 3 apple trees are treated in total, and corresponding indexes are determined;
the stem thickness, the plant height, the new growth amount, chlorophyll, the single fruit weight, the yield, the fruit hardness, the fruit shape index, the acidity, the soluble solid, the soluble sugar and the soil chemical property of the apple trees are respectively measured in 2017 and 2018. The average value of each index after measurement is calculated, and the calculation result is shown as follows:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, example 3 has a significant effect of promoting stem thickness, plant height, new growth amount and chlorophyll content of apple trees compared with other examples.
TABLE 2
As is clear from Table 2, although example 3 is equivalent to example 1 in promoting the weight of a single fruit, example 3 can significantly improve the yield and can improve the economic efficiency to a certain extent.
TABLE 3
As can be seen from Table 3, example 3 has significant improvement effect on both fruit hardness and fruit shape index, and can well improve the taste and appearance of apples.
TABLE 4
As can be seen from table 4, example 3 has a significant effect on improving the chemical quality of apples, and the effect on soluble sugars is comparable to that of example 1, particularly on soluble solids and acidity.
TABLE 5
As can be seen from Table 5, the controlled release blended fertilizer has a significant effect in improving the fertility level of soil. In example 3, the effect of improving the utilization rate of nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium is significantly higher than that of other examples, and the effect of promoting the utilization of ammonia nitrogen is equivalent to that of example 1.
Compared with the application methods of examples 1-4, under the condition that the application amount of the fertilizer is reduced by 25%, the yield of the apples is improved by different application amounts, and the yield of example 3 is the highest, so that the technical scheme of the application can better improve the yield of the apples. As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the apple tree growth index parameters of example 3 are superior to those of other implementations, and thus, the apple tree growth is promoted and the yield is improved on the basis of reducing the application amount of the fertilizer. As can be seen from the data in tables 3, 4 and 5, example 3 has a significant advantage in improving apple quality compared with other implementations; and has outstanding significance in improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer, reducing the environmental pollution caused by excessive fertilization and enhancing the soil fertility level. Therefore, the technical scheme of the invention can improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, reduce the pollution harm to the ecological environment caused by fertilizer application, and greatly improve the productivity and economic benefit of the apple trees. Further, by comparing examples 1 to 4 with each other, example 3 of the present application has a significant advantage in yield improvement, and is an optimum example.
The soil basic properties of the test orchards of the invention after harvest are shown in Table 6 below
From table 6, it can be seen that the zinc sulfate, borax, calcium nitrate, acid soil conditioner, silicon calcium magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner are not needed to be additionally applied to the orchard adopted in the embodiment.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. A mixed fertilizer application method in apple planting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a controlled-release compound fertilizer and an organic fertilizer for later use; (ii) a
(2) After the apples are harvested, the standard dosage is 2000-3000 kg/666.7m2Applying an organic fertilizer;
(3) in the sprouting period of the next year, applying a controlled-release compound fertilizer with the dosage standard of 1.64-2.0 kg per plant, backfilling mellow soil in the fertilizing ditch, leveling and irrigating;
wherein the controlled release compound fertilizer has a nutrient release period of 3 months and/or 6 months.
2. The mixed fertilizer application method in apple planting according to claim 1, wherein P is N in the controlled-release compound fertilizer2O5:K2The mass ratio of O is 20:10: 20.
3. The mixed fertilizer application method in apple planting according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the controlled release fertilizer with the nutrient release period of 3 months to the controlled release fertilizer with the nutrient release period of 6 months is 1: 1.
4. The mixed fertilizer application method in apple planting according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer application method of applying the organic fertilizer in the step (2) and applying the controlled release compound fertilizer in the step (3) is a radial furrow fertilizer application method, and the specific operations are as follows: the fertilizing furrows are positioned in the middle of the trunk and in the middle of the projection outer edge of the crown and are 2 symmetrical fertilizing furrows with the depth of 25-30 cm and the width of 15-20 cm in the north-south direction, and after fertilizer is applied to the fertilizing furrows, the fertilizing furrows are covered with soil and filled.
5. The fertilizer application method for mixed fertilizer in apple plantation as claimed in claim 1, wherein step (2) further comprises applying zinc sulfate 1kg/666.7m when soil is deficient of zinc, boron and calcium after apple harvest20.5-1.0 kg/666.7m of borax220kg/666.7m of calcium nitrate21kg of acid soil conditioner per plant is buried by covering soil after being applied.
6. The fertilizer application method for mixing fertilizer in apple planting according to claim 1, wherein in the steps (2) - (3), the row spacing for apple planting is 2m x 4 m.
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