CN102487772B - Planting method capable of improving pearl guava quality - Google Patents

Planting method capable of improving pearl guava quality Download PDF

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CN102487772B
CN102487772B CN 201110366648 CN201110366648A CN102487772B CN 102487772 B CN102487772 B CN 102487772B CN 201110366648 CN201110366648 CN 201110366648 CN 201110366648 A CN201110366648 A CN 201110366648A CN 102487772 B CN102487772 B CN 102487772B
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fruit
make
gram
grams
nitrate
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CN102487772A (en
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谭耀文
冯瑞祥
罗金棠
陈军
徐社金
阮贤聪
陈健
欧阳群友
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GUANGZHOU CITY FRUIT TREE SCIENCE INSTITUTE
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GUANGZHOU CITY FRUIT TREE SCIENCE INSTITUTE
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Abstract

A planting method capable of improving pearl guava quality and includes plant ridging, planting, shaping, water management, fertilizing management and flower-fruit management. The water management and fertilizing management method uses soluble fertilizers for each plant each year, the soluble fertilizers include 1150-2750g urea, 790-1290g potassium nitrate, 160-1120g monoammonium phosphate, 80-170g amino acid, 0-200g calcium nitrate, 0-70g zinc sulfate, 0-70g borax and 0-130g magnesium sulfate, and the soluble fertilizers are mixed with water of a required irrigation amount, and the mixture is applied to the soil for pearl guava trees through pipelines. The planting method sufficiently utilizes a water-fertilizer drip irrigation system, trace element fertilizers and organic fertilizers such as amino acid, calcium, magnesium, zinc, borax and the like are added according to habitual nutritional needs of different growth phonological phases of pearl guava, and accordingly, quality decline and instability of pearl guava due to seasonal drought and nutritional unbalance in Lingnan areas are reduced, and the planting method is high in practicality and has good popularization prospect.

Description

Improve the implantation methods of pearl guava quality
Technical field
The present invention relates to the improvement of pearl guava implantation methods.
Background technology
Pearl guava, through since introducing a fine variety China's the South China coastal production, has had the history of more than 20 year.Guava is Myrtaceae Psidium plant, is commonly called as and pulls out son, chicken arrow fruit, and with a long history at the south China regional culture, plantation extensively.Traditional guava kind is generally born fruit 1 ~ 2 time every year, and the pearl guava of introducing now the production cultivation all can be yielded positive results throughout the year as long as temperature is suitable.At present, area, the south of the Five Ridges is the important production base of China mainland guava, because it is nutritious, purposes is wide, good in economic efficiency, and the plant husbandry of guava in recent years develops rapidly, planting scale constantly enlarges, and has become one of Important Economic source of local production of fruit trees.Although, yet most of areas, the south of the Five Ridges are throughout the year moist rainy, seasonal drought still directly affects the absorption of guava to nutrient, thereby stable having caused of guava quality had a strong impact on, in Various Seasonal, the fruit quality of results exists larger difference; Due to the cultivation method of traditional guava, partially execute nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer in addition, unreasonable to the nutritional need proportioning of pearl guava fruit, other yuan of fertilizer and Rate of Organic Fertilizer are very few, have caused the fruit quality of considerable part poor, and economic benefit is low.Therefore the task of top priority is to solve seasonal drought to affect the difficult problem of guava to Nutrient Absorption, solve required various nutritive elements and the rational proportion of guava body, promote the balance that the guava body is nourished and grown, to reach the purpose of rational application of fertilizers, nutrient equilibrium, fundamentally improve the quality of guava.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of implantation methods that improves the pearl guava quality, by the mode that adopts the liquid manure one to irrigate, fertilizer is dissolved in the water, by pipeline, be applied in the soil of guava body, while rational proportion organic manure and secondary and micro-element fertilizers, solve required various nutritive elements and the rational proportion of guava body, promote the balance that the guava body is nourished and grown, fundamentally improve the quality of guava fruit.
The implantation methods of the said raising pearl guava of the present invention quality, formed by the soil plantation shaping of plant ridge, water management, fertilizing management and flower and fruit management, it is characterized in that in said water management, fertilizing management method it being that the dissolved fertilizer that annual every strain is executed contains following composition and content:
Urea 1150 ~ 2750 grams, potassium nitrate 790 ~ 1290 grams, MAP 160 ~ 1120 grams, amino acid 80 ~ 170 grams, nitrate of lime 0 ~ 200 gram, zinc sulphate 0 ~ 70 gram, borax 0 ~ 70 gram, magnesium sulfate 0 ~ 130 gram.
The method of fertilising is that dissolved fertilizer is mixed with the water of required filling amount, adopts liquid manure one drip irrigation method, by pipeline, is applied in the soil of guava body.
In actual production management, water management, fertilizing management method be in 1 year each stage discharge the contained composition of dissolved fertilizer material, according to the consumption that precipitation degree and the fruit tree growth of weather are bloomed, the stages such as result is adjusted dissolved fertilizer:
In 1 ~ March of the annual Gregorian calendar, (fluvisol fruit in river mouth is two to make fruit picking time, and three make fruit flowering stage ~ tri-makes the fruit young fruit period; Hilly country fruit is to make fruit to take out the tip phase; Flat-bottomed land fruit is to make fruit to take out the tip phase), the dissolved fertilizer that every strain is executed is urea 80 ~ 780 grams, potassium nitrate 50 ~ 510 grams, MAP 15 ~ 300 grams, amino acid 0 ~ 60 gram, nitrate of lime 0 ~ 120 gram, zinc sulphate 0 ~ 60 gram, borax 0 ~ 60 gram, magnesium sulfate 0 ~ 120 gram.
In 4 ~ June of the annual Gregorian calendar, (fluvisol fruit in river mouth is three to make fruits vegetative period ~ tri-and make fruit picking time, and one makes fruit takes out tip phase ~ mono-and make fruit and bear fruit the phase; Hilly country fruit be make the fruit young sprout prosperous long-term ~ mono-make fruits vegetative period; Flat-bottomed land fruit be make the fruit young sprout prosperous long-term ~ mono-make fruits vegetative period), the dissolved fertilizer that every strain is executed is urea 390 ~ 470 grams, potassium nitrate 200 ~ 320 grams, MAP 50 ~ 240 grams, amino acid 0 ~ 35 gram, nitrate of lime 0 ~ 10 gram.
In 7 ~ November of the annual Gregorian calendar, (fluvisol fruit in river mouth is to make fruits vegetative period ~ mono-to make fruit picking time, and two make fruit flowering stage ~ bis-makes fruit and bear fruit the phase; Hilly country fruit is to make really picking time, and two make fruit flowering stage ~ bis-makes really picking time; Flat-bottomed land fruit is to make really picking time, two make fruit flowering stage ~ bis-makes really picking time), the dissolved fertilizer that every strain is executed is urea 600 ~ 1320 grams, potassium nitrate 420 ~ 580 grams, MAP 60 ~ 490 grams, amino acid 45 ~ 70 grams, nitrate of lime 0 ~ 40 gram, magnesium sulfate 0 ~ 10 gram, borax 0 ~ 10 gram, zinc sulphate 0 ~ 10 gram.
In December of the annual Gregorian calendar, (fluvisol fruit in river mouth is two to make fruits vegetative period; Fruit is slow vegetative period in hilly country; Fruit is slow vegetative period in flat-bottomed land), the dissolved fertilizer that every strain is executed is urea 0 ~ 260 gram, potassium nitrate 0 ~ 90 gram, MAP 0 ~ 90 gram, amino acid 0 ~ 40 gram, nitrate of lime 0 ~ 40 gram.
Adopt the implantation methods of raising pearl guava quality of the present invention, improved the organic nitrogen content of plant, promoted the absorption of crop to moderate-element and trace element, strengthened the photosynthesis of crop, promoted plant strain growth, improved fruit quality.In nitrate of lime, institute's calcic element is the important element that the crop cell wall forms, and can promote the stable of cell membrane, promotes fruit growth, strengthens the resistivity of the many damage by disease and insect of fruit.Magnesium element contained in magnesium sulfate is the activator of chlorophyllous part and many enzymes, contributes to the running of sugar in plant corpus, and appropriate fertiliser containing magnesium can improve the sugar content of fruit, ascorbic content.Zinc element contained in zinc sulphate can strengthen the photosynthesis of crop, increases and makes dry-matter accumulation and growth hormone content in object.In borax, contained boron have and is beneficial to the growth of crop pollen pipe, improves the crop fruit-setting rate, promotes blossoming and bearing fruit of crop.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment in detail method of the present invention is described in detail:
Embodiment 1:
The river mouth fluvisol fruit that higher in subterranean water level, annual average annual temperature is higher, dissolved fertilizer proportioning the discharge amount of one between year is (fertilizer type and fertilizing amount g/ strain/season):
Phenophase Time Urea Potassium nitrate MAP Nitrate of lime Magnesium sulfate Borax Zinc sulphate Amino acid
Two make really picking time, and three make fruit flowering stage ~ tri-makes the fruit young fruit period 1 ~ March 780 510 300 120 120 60 60 60
Three make fruits vegetative period ~ tri-makes the fruit picking time, one make the fruit take out tip phase ~ mono-make the fruit bear fruit the phase 4 ~ June 390 200 240 0 0 0 0 0
One make fruits vegetative period ~ mono-makes the fruit picking time, two make the fruit flowering stage ~ bis-make the fruit bear fruit the phase 7 ~ November 1320 490 490 40 10 10 10 70
Two make fruits vegetative period December 260 90 90 40 0 0 0 40
? Add up to 2750 1290 1120 200 130 70 70 170
Embodiment 2:
In the southern hills area, the area that subterranean water level is lower, easily occur that the time of seasonal drought can be more more, so dissolved fertilizer proportioning the discharge amount of one between year is (fertilizer type and fertilizing amount g/ strain/season):
Phenophase Time Urea Potassium nitrate MAP Nitrate of lime Magnesium sulfate Borax Zinc sulphate Amino acid
One makes fruit takes out the tip phase 1 ~ March 80 50 15 0 0 0 0 0
One make the fruit young sprout prosperous long-term ~ mono-make fruits vegetative period 4 ~ June 470 320 80 0 0 0 0 35
One makes really picking time, and two make fruit flowering stage ~ bis-makes really picking time 7 ~ November 630 420 110 0 0 0 0 45
Slow vegetative period December 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
? Add up to 1180 790 205 0 0 0 0 80
Embodiment 3:
At flat-bottomed land Guo Chang, subterranean water level is more moderate, although also there will be the weather of seasonal drought, but subterranean water level is higher, the tree body of pearl guava easily obtains necessary moisture from soil, so dissolved fertilizer proportioning the discharge amount of one between year is (fertilizer type and fertilizing amount g/ strain/season):
Phenophase Time Urea Potassium nitrate MAP Nitrate of lime Magnesium sulfate Borax Zinc sulphate Amino acid
One makes fruit takes out the tip phase 1 ~ March 100 80 50 10 10 0 0 0
One make the fruit young sprout prosperous long-term ~ mono-make fruits vegetative period 4 ~ June 450 300 50 10 0 0 0 30
One makes really picking time, and two make fruit flowering stage ~ bis-makes really picking time 7 ~ November 600 580 60 5 0 0 0 50
Slow vegetative period December 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
? Add up to 1150 960 160 25 10 0 0 80
Adopted the implantation methods of the said raising pearl guava of the present invention quality, can take full advantage of liquid manure one drip irrigation system is applied fertilizer to guava and is irrigated, after being dissolved in to water, dissolved fertilizer passes through dropper, annual monthly gradation is applied in the soil of pearl guava tree body, has increased organic manure and the secondary and micro-element fertilizers such as amino acid, calcium, magnesium, zinc, borax according to the nutritional need habit of guava growth stages simultaneously.Fertilizing method of the present invention can promote the normal growth of pearl guava, reduces due to south of the Five Ridges area seasonal drought and the unbalanced pearl guava quality decline caused of nutrient and the appearance of quality wild effect; Make the soluble solid in the pearl guava fruit improve 18.2%, soluble sugar content improves 7.7% simultaneously, and titratable acid improves 15.6%, and vitamin C improves 9.26%, protein 114.29%; There is good practicality and promotion prospect.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of implantation methods that improves pearl guava fruit quality, by the soil plantation shaping of plant ridge, water management, fertilizing management and flower and fruit management, formed, it is characterized in that in said water management, fertilizing management method it being that the dissolved fertilizer that annual every strain is executed consists of the following composition: urea 1150~2750 grams, potassium nitrate 790~1290 grams, MAP 160~1120 grams, amino acid 80~170 grams, nitrate of lime 0~200 gram, zinc sulphate 0~70 gram, borax 0~70 gram, magnesium sulfate 0~130 gram;
the method of its fertilising is that dissolved fertilizer is mixed with the water of required filling amount, adopts liquid manure one drip irrigation method, by pipeline, is applied in the soil of guava body;
the contained composition of dissolved fertilizer that each stage discharges in 1 year, according to the consumption that precipitation degree and the fruit tree growth of weather are bloomed, the stages such as result is adjusted dissolved fertilizer:
1~March of the annual Gregorian calendar, network of waterways fluvisol fruit, be two to make fruit picking time, three make fruit flowering stage~tri-, and to make fruit young fruit period, hilly country fruit be to make that fruit is taken out the tip phase, flat-bottomed land fruit is to make fruit to take out the tip phase, dissolved fertilizer that every strain is executed is urea 80~780 grams, potassium nitrate 50~510 grams, MAP 15~300 grams, amino acid 0~60 gram, nitrate of lime 0~120 gram, zinc sulphate 0~60 gram, borax 0~60 gram, magnesium sulfate 0~120 gram;
4~June of the annual Gregorian calendar, network of waterways fluvisol fruit, be three to make fruits vegetative period~tri-and make fruit picking time, one make fruit take out tip phase~mono-make fruit bear fruit phase, hilly country fruit be make the fruit young sprout prosperous long-term~mono-make fruits vegetative period, flat-bottomed land fruit be make the fruit young sprout prosperous long-term~mono-make fruits vegetative period, the dissolved fertilizer that every strain is executed is urea 390~470 grams, potassium nitrate 200~320 grams, MAP 50~240 grams, amino acid 0~35 gram, nitrate of lime 0~10 gram;
7~November of the annual Gregorian calendar, network of waterways fluvisol fruit, be to make fruits vegetative period~mono-to make really picking time, two make the fruit flowering stage~bis-make the fruit bear fruit the phase, hilly country fruit is to make really picking time, two make fruit flowering stage~bis-makes really picking time, flat-bottomed land fruit is to make really picking time, two make fruit flowering stage~bis-makes really picking time, the dissolved fertilizer that every strain is executed is urea 600~1320 grams, potassium nitrate 420~580 grams, MAP 60~490 grams, amino acid 45~70 grams, nitrate of lime 0~40 gram, magnesium sulfate 0~10 gram, borax 0~10 gram, zinc sulphate 0~10 gram,
the December of the annual Gregorian calendar, network of waterways fluvisol fruit, be that two to make fruits vegetative period, hilly country fruit be slow vegetative period for slow vegetative period, flat-bottomed land fruit, the dissolved fertilizer that every strain is executed is urea 0~260 gram, potassium nitrate 0~90 gram, MAP 0~90 gram, amino acid 0~40 gram, nitrate of lime 0~40 gram.
CN 201110366648 2011-11-18 2011-11-18 Planting method capable of improving pearl guava quality Expired - Fee Related CN102487772B (en)

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CN103733933B (en) * 2013-12-25 2016-02-24 福建三华农业有限公司 A kind of cultivation method of guava fruit tree
CN103782704A (en) * 2014-01-23 2014-05-14 固镇县淮鸿灰天鹅养殖专业合作社 Fertilizing method of Mengyang pomegranate
CN104642038A (en) * 2014-11-04 2015-05-27 广州市果树科学研究所 Pearl guava labor-saving planting method
CN104871705A (en) * 2015-05-22 2015-09-02 枞阳县白云生态园林有限责任公司 Fertilizing method of pomegranate in growth cycles
CN105494012B (en) * 2015-12-23 2018-08-10 广西绿希望农业发展有限公司 A kind of implantation methods improving dragon fruit sugar content
CN107517797A (en) * 2017-08-04 2017-12-29 博白县富山水果种植专业合作社 A kind of cultural method of the happy guava of watermelon fragrant plant
CN114342630B (en) * 2022-01-21 2023-02-03 华中农业大学 Method for screening irrigation emitter suitable for red beauty people and fertilizer-liquid proportioning scheme
CN115974628B (en) * 2023-02-07 2023-10-17 广州市果树科学研究所 Fertilizer for improving quality of guava with red spike number 1 and preparation method thereof

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