CN104584750A - Fertilizing method for promoting plant growth, output and quality of muskmelons - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a fertilizing method for promoting the plant growth, the output and the quality of muskmelons. An organic fertilizer and a composite fertilizer adopted in the invention are commercial products, the organic fertilizer is produced in Shanghai Huangdu Composite Fertilizer Co., Ltd., the total content of nutrients in the organic fertilizer is not lower than 4%, and the content of organic matters in the organic fertilizer is greater than 30%; and the composite fertilizer is produced in BASF (Germany), the total content of nutrients is not lower than 45%, and a ratio of N:P2O5:K2O in the composite fertilizer is 15:15:15. 10422kg.hm<-2> Of the organic fertilizer and 618kg.hm<-2> of the composite fertilizer are applied to cultivation soil as a base fertilizer according to a principle that the total nutrient fertilizer is same to usual fertilization, and 155kg.hm<-2> of the composite fertilizer is applied in each of the flowering and fruit bearing period and the fruit swelling period in order to realize after manuring. The nutrition demands of the muskmelons can be well met by selecting an appropriate ratio of the organic fertilizer to the composite fertilizer, the amount of the base fertilizer, the after manuring amount and the after manuring period, so the cooperative fertilizing method fully promotes the plant growth of the muskmelons, increases the output and quality of the muskmelons, reduces the energy consumption, avoids environmental pollution, and greatly improves the economic benefit of muskmelon production.

Description

A kind of fertilization mode promoting Muskmelon Plants growth, yield and quality

One, technical field:

The present invention relates to muskmelon fertilizing method, the fertilizing method promote Muskmelon Plants growth specifically, improving the yield and quality.

Two, background technology:

Muskmelon is a kind of novel melon and fruit of top grade, and extremely people like.Along with the raising of people's quality of life, consumption market day by day expands, but due to fertilizing management improper, the problems such as yield and quality are more and more serious, and the muskmelon how obtaining good quality and high output is the current significant problem that need solve.Fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are the medium-term and long-term two kinds of different fertilizer used of agricultural production, chemical fertilizer can increase available nutrient content in soil, volume increase is fast, but grower ignores using of fertilizer to obtain excessive chemical fertilizer of using in high yield production, cause production cost high, product quality reduces, and causes assessing index, the problems such as agricultural environment pollution is serious.Organic manure is the important substance improving soil physico-chemical property, to increasing soil fertility, crop yield and quality and strengthen crop anti-adversity and have considerable effect.Therefore, research fertilizer and composite fertilizer's different ratio use the impact on muskmelon growth, yield and quality, are intended to for muskmelon Manufacturing science, the rational application of fertilizer and agricultural sustainable development provide theoretical foundation.

Three, summary of the invention:

The object of the invention is by fertilizer test, propose a kind of fertilization mode of the best, promote Muskmelon Plants growth, thus improve the yield and quality.

The present invention is achieved in that

A fertilizing method for muskmelon, is characterized in that: adopt fertilizer and composite fertilizer to be commercially available prod, and fertilizer is that Shanghai Co., Ltd of Huang Du composite fertilizer produces, total nutrient>=4%, organic > 30%; Composite fertilizer is that BASF Aktiengesellschaft produces, total nutrient>=45%, N:P ₂o ₅: K ₂o is 15:15:15.First apply fertilizer according to always fatting up the principle suitable with habits fertilization, fertilizer 10422kg.hm ^-2, composite fertilizer 618kg.hm ^-2apply in cultivating soil as base manure, at the phase of bearing fruit and each sealing fertilizer 155kg.hm of fruit expanding period of blooming ^-2topdress.

Above-mentioned cultivating soil specifically, is sandy loam, and the basic physical and chemical of 0-30cm soil is pH value 7.17, total nitrogen content 1.6g.kg ^-1, rapid available phosphorus (P ₂o ₅) content 26.3mg.kg ^-1, available potassium (K ₂o) content 120.7mg.kg ^-1.

Specifically, a kind of fertilizing method of muskmelon, carries out as follows:

(1) unit are Rate of Organic Fertilizer is 10422kg.hm ^-2, composite fertilizer 926kg.hm ^-2;

(2) before muskmelon field planting, be contained in cultivating groove using whole fertilizer and 60% composite fertilizer after base manure and cultivating soil mix, be sandy loam for examination soil, the basic physical and chemical of 0-30cm soil is pH value 7.17, total nitrogen content 1.6g.kg ^-1, rapid available phosphorus (P ₂o ₅) content 26.3mg.kg ^-1, available potassium (K ₂o) content 120.7mg.kg ^-1.

(3) topdress in the bloom phase of bearing fruit and fruit expanding period Ge Shi 20% composite fertilizer.

(4) above-mentioned melon variety can be that Hami is red, No. 1, Jin Hui, red green morning be crisp.

The present invention has following beneficial effect: the present invention is by selecting proportioning, the base manure consumption of suitable fertilizer and composite fertilizer and topdressing consumption and period, well meet the nutritional need of muskmelon, this Fertilizers mode fully facilitates the plant strain growth of muskmelon, improve the yield and quality of muskmelon, decrease energy resource consumption, avoid environmental pollution, improve soil fertility, also substantially increase the economic benefit that muskmelon is produced.

Four, embodiment:

The growth of this promotion Muskmelon Plants, the cultivation method improved the yield and quality are realized by fertilizing method technology, should take into full account the content of the self character of soil and each nutritive element of fertilizer.This patent is grown Muskmelon Plants by different fertilizers and composite fertilizer's proportioning, the impact of yield and quality, and we filter out a kind of fertilizing amount of the best, and method is simple, cost is low.

Embodiment: composite organic-inorganic fertilizer joins the impact executed Muskmelon Plants growth, yield and quality

1, experimental scheme

Test fertilizer is that Shanghai Co., Ltd of Huang Du composite fertilizer produces, total nutrient>=4%, organic > 30%; Composite fertilizer is that BASF Aktiengesellschaft produces, total nutrient>=45%, N:P ₂o ₅: K ₂o is 15:15:15.6 kinds of Different Fertilization amounts are established in test: (1) habits fertilization (CK), by planting habit fertilising for many years; (2) single organic fertilizer, total nutrient content identical with habits fertilization (T1); (3) 1/2 fertilizer+1/2 composite fertilizers, total nutrient content identical with habits fertilization (T2); (4) 3/4 fertilizer+3/4 composite fertilizers, total nutrient content is about habits fertilization 1.5 times (T3); (5) fertilizer+composite fertilizer, total nutrient content is about habits fertilization 2 times (T4); (6) 3/2 fertilizer+3/2 composite fertilizers, total nutrient content is about habits fertilization 3 times (T5); The concrete fertilizing amount of each process is in table 1.

Length × wide × high bubble chamber for 100cm × 20cm × 25cm is selected in test, and according to the hydraulic test of every case field planting 3 strain design Different Fertilization, whole fertilizer and 60% composite fertilizer apply before field planting as base manure, evenly mix imposing in soil; 40% composite fertilizer topdresses respectively at flowering stage and fruit expanding period.

The fertilizing amount of each process tested by table 1

2, test method

Test in August, 2012-November carries out in Inst. of Gardening, Academy of Agriculture of Shanghai's proving ground green house.Supply examination soil to be sandy loam, the basic physical and chemical of 0-30cm soil is pH value 7.17, total nitrogen content 1.6g.kg ^-1, rapid available phosphorus (P ₂o ₅) content 26.3mg.kg ^-1, available potassium (K ₂o) content 120.7mg.kg ^-1.Transplant when Muskmelon Seedlings grows to 3 ~ 4 true leaves, every case field planting 3 strain, as a process, each process repeats for 3 times, randomized arrangement.Adopt the method for single climing training vertical planting, every strain saves on the lateral bine of position at 12-14 and stays a melon, pinching during main climing 25 leaf, artificial pollination in flowering stage.Cultivation bubble chamber installs dropper, adopts drip irrigation to carry out water management, ensure that each each process is dripped time consistency, make different disposal soil water content consistent.

Melon fruit expanding stage (pinching, young leaves stops long, and leave photosynthetic ability is strong) measures plant strain growth index.Leaf area formula adopt leaf length × leaf wide × 0.66, the mensuration that leaf is grown and leaf is wide take maximum as benchmark; Stem slightly uses slide measure to measure, and adopt right-angled intersection method to measure muskmelon base portion stem stalk diameter, measuring point is locate between stem culm base Section 3.Measure overground part fresh weight with the electronic balance weighing that precision is 0.01g after fruit harvesting, sample 105 DEG C of 30min that complete in an oven, then dry to constant weight under 80 DEG C of conditions afterwards, measure dry matter weight on the ground; Measure each process single fruit weight after muskmelon maturation results, output is multiplied by planting density by average fruit weight and obtains.Soluble solid content adopts hand-held saccharometer to measure; Soluble sugar content adopts anthrone colorimetry to measure; Soluble protein content adopts Coomassie brilliant G-250 F method to measure; Vc content adopts xylene extraction colorimetric method for determining; Free aminoacid content adopts ninhydrin method to measure; Nitrate content adopts determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry.

3, result of the test

3.1 composite organic-inorganic fertilizers join the impact executed Muskmelon Plants growth

As shown in table 2, at melon fruit expanding stage, the plant strain growth of Different Fertilization amount is different.The stem of T1, T2 and T3 is thick and habits fertilization (CK) is close, and T4 and T5 significantly reduces.Compared with habits fertilization (CK), the leaf area of T1, T2 and T3 increases, wherein T2 significant difference; T2 and T3 on the ground fresh weight and ground dry matter weight significantly increases, T4 and T5 significantly reduces.These indexs comprehensive can find out that the growth potential of T2 and T3 is better.

Table 2 composite organic-inorganic fertilizer joins the impact executed Muskmelon Plants growth

Note: the different letter representation difference of same column numerical digit reaches 5% significance level, lower same

3.2 composite organic-inorganic fertilizers join the impact executed melon yield and economic benefit

As can be seen from Table 3, compared with habits fertilization (CK), composite organic-inorganic fertilizer is joined and is executed (T2 and T3) melon yield and increase, and adds 29.67% and 9.84% respectively, and T2 significant difference; While output increases, the output value also increases to some extent, and composite organic-inorganic fertilizer Reasonable is executed (T2) and not only reduced fertilizer production cost, also can increase income economic benefit, compared with habits fertilization (CK), can increase income 19346 yuan of hm ^-2.

Table 3 composite organic-inorganic fertilizer joins the impact executed melon yield and economic benefit

For examination fertilizer price: fertilizer 0.4Yuan.kg ^-1, composite fertilizer 5Yuan.kg ^-1, muskmelon price: 4Yuan.kg ^-1

2.4 composite organic-inorganic fertilizers join the impact executed melon fruit quality

As can be seen from Table 4, under different fertilization condition, soluble solid is different, and compared with habits fertilization (CK), T1, T2 and T3 difference is not remarkable, T4 and T5 significantly reduces; Between each process there is certain difference in soluble sugar content, T1 and T2 soluble sugar content is significantly higher than habits fertilization (CK), adds 13.22% and 11.58% respectively, but difference is not remarkable therebetween, and T3, T4 and T5 significantly reduce; Compared with habits fertilization (CK), soluble protein content, except T5, other process increases to some extent, and wherein T1 and T2 significant difference, adds 42.47% and 27.86% respectively.The variation tendency of Vitamin C content is similar with the change of soluble protein content, and compared with habits fertilization (CK), except T5, each process Vitamin C content significantly increases, and wherein T2 is maximum, adds 42.51%; Free amino acid aspect, under different fertilization condition, content is different, size shows as: T4 > CK > T3 > T2 > T1 > T5, and significant difference between each process; Compared with habits fertilization (CK), T1, T2 and T3 nitrate decreases, and wherein T1 is minimum, reduces 28.28% and significant difference.

From each index of fruit quality, compared with habits fertilization (CK), T1 and T2 shows obvious advantage.

Table 4 composite organic-inorganic fertilizer joins the impact executed melon fruit quality

In sum, fertilizer 10422kg/hm ²+ composite fertilizer 926kg/hm ²join and execute (T2) general performance the best, compared with habits fertilization, promote Muskmelon Plants growth and photosynthetic capacity, on the basis ensureing nutritional quality, improve yield and output value, obtain good economic benefit.

Claims (4)

1. a fertilizing method for muskmelon, is characterized in that: adopt fertilizer and composite fertilizer to be commercially available prod, and fertilizer is that Shanghai Co., Ltd of Huang Du composite fertilizer produces, total nutrient>=4%, organic > 30%; Composite fertilizer is that BASF Aktiengesellschaft produces, total nutrient>=45%, N:P ₂o ₅: K ₂o is 15:15:15; First apply fertilizer according to the principle that total nutrient is suitable with habits fertilization, fertilizer 10422kg.hm ^-2,composite fertilizer 618kg.hm ^-2apply in cultivating soil as base manure, at the phase of bearing fruit and each sealing fertilizer 155kg.hm of fruit expanding period of blooming ^-2topdress.

2. fertilizing method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: cultivating soil specifically, is sandy loam, the basic physical and chemical of 0-30cm soil is pH value 7.17, total nitrogen content 1.6g.kg ^-1, rapid available phosphorus (P ₂o ₅) content 26.3mg.kg ^-1, available potassium (K ₂o) content 120.7mg.kg ^-1.

3. fertilizing method as claimed in claim 1, carries out as follows:

(1) unit are Rate of Organic Fertilizer is 10422kg.hm ^-2, composite fertilizer 926kg.hm ^-2:

(2) before muskmelon field planting, be contained in cultivating groove using whole fertilizer and 60% composite fertilizer after base manure and cultivating soil mix, be sandy loam for examination soil, the basic physical and chemical of soil is pH value 7.17, total nitrogen content 1.6g.kg ^-1, rapid available phosphorus (P ₂o ₅) content 26.3mg.kg ^-1, available potassium (K ₂o) content 120.7mg.kg ^-1;

(3) topdress in the bloom phase of bearing fruit and fruit expanding period Ge Shi 20% composite fertilizer.

4. the fertilizing method as described in any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that: described melon variety is that Hami is red.