CN103804047A - Special fertilizer for Hongyang kiwifruit and fertilizing method - Google Patents
Special fertilizer for Hongyang kiwifruit and fertilizing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special fertilizer for Hongyang kiwifruit and a fertilizing method. The fertilizer comprises nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, organic fertilizer and more than or equal to 120 billion of effective microorganism in a certain proportion, all the components are mixed so as to form the special fertilizer for the Hongyang kiwifruit. The fertilizing method comprises steps of A. after harvest of fruits, firstly applying base fertilizer like organic fertilizer and phosphatic fertilizer into sample grooves; B. topdressing for five times: (1) in germination stage, (2) in flower-formation promoting stage, (3) application of fruit strengthening fertilizer for the first time, (4) application of fruit strengthening fertilizer for the second time, and (5) fruit strengthening fertilizer for the third time. The fertilizing method is simple and easy to operate, and the fertilizer meets the requirement of Hongyang kiwifruit on various nutrients in every reproductive stage, promotes high yield and high quality of the Hongyang kiwifruit, realizes high and stable output in successive years, and drives sustainable development of the Hongyang kiwifruit industry.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree high-efficiency environment friendly cultivation management technology field, more specifically relate to a kind of red kiwi fruit
special fertilizer also relates to simultaneouslya kind of red kiwi fruit
special fertilizerfertilizing method.
Background technology
Kiwifruit (
actinidia chinensis Planch.) be 20th century to be tamed the fruit that becomes large-scale commercial applications cultivation by artificial selection by wild resource.Because its fruit has very high nutritive value, be all described as " king of fruit ", " treasure in fruit " all the time.Wherein, ' Red Male ' Kiwifruit because of its fruit shape good, soluble solid content, Vitamin C content, sugared content and sugar-acid ratio are high, aromatic flavour and excellent in taste, and the distinctive red core that is radial pattern and extremely human consumer like.But, the growth potential of ' Red Male ' actinidia tree body a little less than, resistance is poor, and cultivation management is had relatively high expectations, in especially producing, the unreasonable management of nutrients resource very easily causes fruit less than normal, a little less than growth potential, fruit pushes up recessed, the pericarp phenomenon such as easily damage.
At present mostly plantation red kiwi fruit grower's conventional fertilizer application measure is the input of simple nitrogenous fertilizer or fertilizer, even if adopt the composite fertilizer of containing N, P, K, and because its proportioning is for general farm crop, therefore effect not obvious.For this reason, we go through experimental study in 2 years, have invented a kind of red kiwi fruit special fertilizer formula and fertilizing method thereof.
Inquire about by Chinese patent database retrieval system, not yet find that at present efficiently apply fertilizer patent application or related documents of red kiwi fruit balance is open.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to be to provide a kind of red kiwi fruit special fertilizer, rationally, easy to use, cost is low, is rich in Kiwifruit required nutrient content in each vegetative period, has realized anniversary high and stable yields, has promoted the Sustainable development of red kiwi fruit industry for formula.
Another object of the present invention is the preparation method who has been to provide a kind of red kiwi fruit special fertilizer, and preparation process is simple, and easy handling utilizes the enforcement of peasant household or enterprise.
A further object of the present invention is the fertilizing method that has been to provide a kind of red kiwi fruit special fertilizer, easy to implement the method, easy and simple to handle, has guaranteed the demand of each growing stage of red kiwi fruit to various nutrients, has promoted high yield and the high-quality of red kiwi fruit.
In order to realize above-mentioned object, the present invention adopts following technical measures:
A kind of red kiwi fruit fertilizer, it is made up of the raw material of following each component effective content weight percent:
Raw material weight per-cent %
Nitrogen (N) 8%-14%
Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES (P
2o
5) 8%-14%
Potassium oxide (K
2o) 8%-14%
Fertilizer 62%-76%
Not effectively bacterium >=1,200 hundred million (not accounting for the ratio of red kiwi fruit special fertilizer).
Accurately take raw material urea (N), calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and fertilizer (institute's each raw material weight that takes obtains according to its contained effective percentage composition content conversion), after mixing, be a kind of red kiwi fruit fertilizer.
Further, red kiwi fruit special fertilizer formula active principle of the present invention is to be provided by raw materials such as urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and fertilizers.Annual every strain red kiwi fruit total fertilization amount is fertilizer 5000-7000g, urea 550-570g, calcium superphosphate 2060-2100g, potassium sulfate (K
2sO
4) fertile 480-520g.
Further, fertilizer of the present invention mainly contains following process acquisition:
The plant residue grinds such as chicken manure and appropriate stalk, straw, weeds are mixed, how much mix the water content depending on chicken manure (pinch agglomerating, finger seam water breakthrough with hand with hand test but do not drip, loose one's grip tactilely fall apart and be advisable).Then, add Semen Maydis powder and multidimensional prozyme bacterial classification, stir, do not stay raw piece.The batching being stirred piles the rectangular of wide 1.5-2 rice, high 0.8-1 rice, covers hessian cloth above and carries out oxygen fermentation composting and can become fertilizer in 5 days.In the fertilizer forming, be rich in a large amount of benefit materials, multiple organic acid, peptide class and nutritive element and effective flora including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, can not only provide full nutrition for farm crop, and fertilizer efficiency is long, can increase and upgrade the soil organism, promoting microbial reproduction, improve physico-chemical property and the biological activity of soil, is the Main Nutrients of pollution-free food production.
Further, effective bacterium of the present invention mainly carrys out above-mentioned fertilizer, mainly comprises the floras such as mould, the actinomycetes of wood, yeast and a small amount of root nodule bacterium, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria, content >=200 hundred million/kg.
A kind of red kiwi fruit fertilizer, it makes (preferable range) by the raw material of following each component effective content weight percent:
Raw material weight per-cent %
Nitrogen (N) 9%-13%
Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES (P
2o
5) 9%-13%
Potassium oxide (K
2o) 9%-13%
Fertilizer 63%-74%
Effectively bacterium >=1200 hundred million.
After mixing, be a kind of red kiwi fruit fertilizer.
A kind of red kiwi fruit fertilizer, it makes (better scope) by the raw material of following each component effective content weight percent:
Raw material weight per-cent %
Nitrogen (N) 9.5%-12%
Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES (P
2o
5) 9.5%-12%
Potassium oxide (K
2o) 9.5%-12%
Fertilizer 65%-72%
Effectively bacterium >=1200 hundred million
After mixing, be a kind of red kiwi fruit fertilizer.
A kind of red kiwi fruit fertilizer, it makes (optimum range) by the raw material of following each component effective content weight percent:
Raw material weight per-cent %
Nitrogen (N) 10%-11%
Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES (P
2o
5) 10%-11%
Potassium oxide (K
2o) 10%-11%
Fertilizer 67%-70%
Effectively bacterium >=1200 hundred million
After mixing, be a kind of red kiwi fruit fertilizer.
A kind of red kiwi fruit fertilizer, it makes (optimum value) by the raw material of following each component effective content weight percent:
Raw material weight per-cent %
Nitrogen (N) 10%
Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES (P
2o
5) 11%
Potassium oxide (K
2o) 10%
Fertilizer 69%
Effectively bacterium >=1200 hundred million
After mixing, be a kind of red kiwi fruit fertilizer.
A fertilizing method for red kiwi fruit special fertilizer, the steps include:
To make base manure and/or topdress with fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer to be applied to field, with the fertile characteristic of need of red kiwi fruit each vegetative period (budding period, florescence, fruit phase, leaf fall period), the required fertilizer of using, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer are divided and applied for 6 times.Annual every strain red kiwi fruit total fertilization amount is fertilizer 5000-7000g, urea 550-570g, calcium superphosphate 2060-2100g, potassium sulfate (K
2sO
4) fertile 480-520g.The rate of fertilizer application of growing each period is by fertilizer total amount 100%.Base manure after annual fruit is received by whole fertilizers, whole phosphate fertilizer 50%, 42% the using of potash fertilizer; The gradation of topdressing is used, and the wherein budding period, uses 43% nitrogenous fertilizer; Short fertilizers for potted flowers is used 23% nitrogenous fertilizer, 10% phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer; Fruit-promoting fertilizer is used 16% nitrogenous fertilizer, 16% phosphate fertilizer and 16% potash fertilizer for the first time; Fruit-promoting fertilizer is used 9% nitrogenous fertilizer, 12% phosphate fertilizer and 16% potash fertilizer for the second time; Fruit-promoting fertilizer is used 9% nitrogenous fertilizer, 12% phosphate fertilizer and 16% potash fertilizer for the second time.
Described base manure base fertilizer; Basal drassing, is generally base fertilizer, is the fertilizer of using in sowing or before transplanting.It is mainly to supply with needed nutrient in plant whole vegetative period, creates good edaphic condition for crop growth, also has the effect of improvement soil, culture fertility.
Described base manure is specially fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer.
A, fertilising are for the first time base manure, after annual fruit is received (about mid-October), by whole fertilizers (5000-7000g), all the 48-52%(of phosphate fertilizer is 1020-1060g calcium superphosphate), the 40-44%(of potash fertilizer is 190-230g potassium sulfate) apply, fertilization mode sampling ditch (10-15cm) once applies.
B, apply respectively to topdress for latter five times.
1) budding period (mid-February), the nitrogenous fertilizer of 40-45% is used in every strain, i.e. 238-245 kg urea, is watered 18-22kg leaching.
2) short fertilizers for potted flowers (mid-March), the nitrogenous fertilizer of 20-25%, phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer of 8-12% are used in every strain, i.e. and 125-134g urea, 204-212g calcium superphosphate, 48-52g potassium sulphate fertilizer, is watered 18-22 kg leaching.
3) fruit-promoting fertilizer applies (mid-May) for the first time, and nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer of 14-18% and the potash fertilizer of 14-18% of 14-18%, i.e. 85-95g urea, 330-334g calcium superphosphate, 78-82g potassium sulphate fertilizer are used in every strain; Be watered 18-22 kg leaching.
4) fruit-promoting fertilizer applies (mid-June) for the second time, and nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer of 10-14% and the potash fertilizer of 14-18% of 7-11% is used in every strain, i.e. 48-52g urea, 248-252g calcium superphosphate, 78-82g potassium sulphate fertilizer, is watered 18-22 kg leaching.
5) fruit-promoting fertilizer applies (mid-July) for the third time, and nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer of 10-14% and the potash fertilizer of 14-18% of 7-11% is used in every strain, i.e. 48-52g urea, 248-252g calcium superphosphate, 78-82g potassium sulphate fertilizer, is watered 18-22 kg leaching.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages and effect:
1, the present invention's formula not only contains macronutrient and the organic matters such as N, P, K, also contains effective bacterium of some amount, and working method is simple, convenient.
2, the shortage of the clearly any element of the present invention or the excessive raising that all can affect tree bulk-growth and yield and quality, to a certain extent, improve traditional fertilization mode, accomplishing needs fertile feature quantitative fertilization according to growth and development stage, improving utilization rate of fertilizer, is a kind of fertilizing method of red kiwi fruit volume increase high-efficiency high-quality.
3, effect of increasing production of the present invention is obvious.Compared with other irrational fertilization modes, increase single fruit weight maximum and can reach 17g, increase by 47 of result numbers, single plant yield maximum can increase 2.9kg.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be described in detail, and embodiment is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of red kiwi fruit fertilizer, it is made up of the raw material of following each component effective content weight percent:
Raw material weight per-cent %
Nitrogen (N) 11%
Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES (P
2o
5) 10%
Potassium oxide (K
2o) 11%
Fertilizer 67%
Effectively bacterium >=1200 hundred million
Accurately take raw material urea (N), calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and fertilizer (institute's each raw material weight that takes obtains according to its contained effective percentage composition content conversion), after mixing, be a kind of red kiwi fruit fertilizer.
A kind of red kiwi fruit fertilizer, it is made up of the raw material of following each component effective content weight percent:
Embodiment | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
Nitrogen (N) | 8% | 8.50% | 9% | 9.50% | 10% | 10.50% | 11% | 11.50% | 12% | 12.50% | 13% | 13.50% | 14% |
Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES | 8% | 8.50% | 9% | 9.50% | 10% | 10.50% | 11% | 11.50% | 12% | 12.50% | 13% | 13.50% | 14% |
Potassium oxide (K 2O) | 8% | 8.50% | 9% | 9.50% | 10% | 10.50% | 11% | 11.50% | 12% | 12.50% | 13% | 13.50% | 14% |
Fertilizer | 76% | 74.50% | 73% | 71.50% | 70% | 68.50% | 67% | 65.50% | 64% | 62.50% | 61% | 59.50% | 58% |
Effectively bacterium | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Amount to | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
Its preparation process is identical with embodiment 1.
A fertilizing method for red kiwi fruit special fertilizer, the steps include:
1, fertilising is for the first time base manure, (mid-October after annual fruit is received, any one day), by whole fertilizers, whole phosphate fertilizer 50%, 42% the using of potash fertilizer, every strain Kiwifruit fruit tree uses 5000 or 5500 or 6000 or 6500 or 7000g fertilizer, 1040g calcium superphosphate, 210gK
2sO
4apply, sampling ditch spread once applies.
2, apply respectively to topdress for latter five times.
A, rudiment fertilizer (mid-February, any one day), every strain uses 40 or 43 or 45% nitrogenous fertilizer, i.e. and 238 or 240 or 245 g urea, are watered 18 or 20 or 22 kg leachings.
B, short fertilizers for potted flowers (mid-March, any one day), every strain uses 20 or 22 or 25% nitrogenous fertilizer, 8 or 10 or 12% phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, and 125 or 130 or 134g urea, 204 or 208 or 212g calcium superphosphate, 48 or 50 or 52g potassium sulphate fertilizer, be watered 18 or 20 or 22 kg leachings.
C, fruit-promoting fertilizer (mid-May for the first time, any one day), every strain uses 14 or 16 or 18% nitrogenous fertilizer, 14 or 16 or 18% phosphate fertilizer and 14 or 16 or 18% potash fertilizer, and 85 or 90 or 95g urea, 330 or 332 or 334g calcium superphosphate, 78 or 80 or 82g potassium sulphate fertilizer; Be watered 18 or 20 or 22 kg leachings.
D, fruit-promoting fertilizer (mid-June for the second time, any one day), every strain uses 7 or 9 or 11% nitrogenous fertilizer, 10 or 12 or 14% phosphate fertilizer and 14 or 16 or 18% potash fertilizer, 48 or 50 or 52g urea, 248 or 250 or 252g calcium superphosphate, 78 or 80 or 82g potassium sulphate fertilizer, be watered 18 or 20 or 22 kg leachings.
E, fruit-promoting fertilizer (mid-July for the third time, any one day), every strain uses 7 or 9 or 11% nitrogenous fertilizer, 10 or 16 or 14% phosphate fertilizer and 14 or 16 or 18% potash fertilizer, 48 or 50 or 52g urea, 248 or 250 or 252g calcium superphosphate, 78 or 80 or 82g potassium sulphate fertilizer, be watered 18 or 20 or 22kg leaching.
Be below applicant's verification experimental verification method and data:
Test method:
Experimental plot arranges: test adopts block design, comprises 10 processing, and comprising nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and fertilizer 4 factors, each 4 levels of each factor, process and be respectively not applying fertilizer processing (CK), nitrogen stress processing (N
0p
1k
1), lack phosphorus processing (N
1p
0k
1), potassium deficiency processing (N
1p
1k
0), nitrogen phosphorus potassium executes processing (N entirely
1p
1k
1), nitrogenous fertilizer doubly measures processing (N
2p
1k
1), phosphate fertilizer doubly measures processing (N
1p
2k
1), potash fertilizer doubly measures processing (N
1p
1k
2), n p k fertilizer and fertilizer compounding application processing (N
1p
1k
1+ OM
1), fertilizer doubly measures processing (N
1p
1k
1+ OM
2), repeat for 3 times.Rate of fertilizer application is in table 1.District's group adds up to 3 × 4=12, each community area 35m
2, 6 of every communities tree, 110 plants/acre of planting densities, seeding row spacing 2 × 3m.Testing program refers to table 1.
the design of table 1 red kiwi fruit fertilizer test
Testing selected nitrogenous fertilizer is that urea (being 46% containing N), phosphate fertilizer are that calcium superphosphate is (containing P
2o
5being 12%) potash fertilizer is K
2sO
4(containing K
2o is 50%).It is identical that period is used in the processing of each test fertilizer, and different growing rate of fertilizer application is by fertilizer total amount 100%, and gradation applies in proportion.Wherein, base manure after receiving mid-October by whole fertilizers, whole phosphate fertilizer 50%, 42% the using of potash fertilizer; Topdress and point use for 5 times, wherein the budding period (mid-February), use 43% nitrogenous fertilizer; Short fertilizers for potted flowers (mid-March) is used 23% nitrogenous fertilizer, 10% phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer; Fruit-promoting fertilizer (mid-May) is used 16% nitrogenous fertilizer, 16% phosphate fertilizer and 16% potash fertilizer for the first time; Fruit-promoting fertilizer (mid-June) is used 9% nitrogenous fertilizer, 12% phosphate fertilizer and 16% potash fertilizer for the second time; Fruit-promoting fertilizer (mid-July) is used 9% nitrogenous fertilizer, 12% phosphate fertilizer and 16% potash fertilizer for the third time.Base manure fertilization mode sampling ditch spread, other fertilising in period all adopts and manually spreads fertilizer over the fields on Kiwifruit earth's surface, pours water thereafter to dissolve in underground mode and carry out.
Experimental result sees the following form:
The impact of table 2 Different Fertilization level on number of results, single fruit weight and output
From upper table data, under the different proportionings of various fertilizer, N sowing amount (550-570g urea/strain), K sowing amount (480-520g K
2sO
4/ strain), P sowing amount (2060-2100 g calcium superphosphate/strain), processing the best of fertilizer (5000-7000 g/ strain).Visible, balance fertilizing is the key that improves utilization rate of fertilizer and crop yield.The shortage of any element or excessive fertilizer treatment all can affect the raising of tree bulk-growth and yield and quality, therefore should not adopt.
Claims (6)
1. a red kiwi fruit fertilizer, it is made up of the raw material of following amount weight percent:
Raw material %
Nitrogen 8%-14%
Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 8%-14%
Potassium oxide 8%-14%
Fertilizer 62%-76%
Effectively bacterium >=1200 hundred million;
After mixing, be a kind of red kiwi fruit fertilizer.
2. a kind of red kiwi fruit fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Raw material %
Nitrogen 9%-13%
Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 9%-13%
Potassium oxide 9%-13%
Fertilizer 63%-74%
Effectively bacterium >=1200 hundred million.
3. a kind of red kiwi fruit fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Raw material %
Nitrogen 9.5%-12%
Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 9.5%-12%
Potassium oxide 9.5%-12%
Fertilizer 65%-72%
Effectively bacterium >=1200 hundred million.
4. a kind of red kiwi fruit fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Raw material %
Nitrogen 10%-11%
Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 10%-11%
Potassium oxide 10%-11%
Fertilizer 67%-70%
Effectively bacterium >=1200 hundred million.
5. a kind of red kiwi fruit fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Raw material %
Nitrogen 10%
Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 11%
Potassium oxide 10%
Fertilizer 69%
Effectively bacterium >=1200 hundred million.
6. a kind of fertilizing method that improves red kiwi fruit output claimed in claim 1, the steps include:
A, fertilising for the first time, for base manure, after annual fruit is received, apply the 48-52%:1020-1060g calcium superphosphate of fertilizer 5000-7000g, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer 40-44%:190-230g potassium sulfate, and fertilization mode sampling ditch 10-15cm once applies;
B, rear topdressing for five times apply respectively:
(1) budding period, the nitrogenous fertilizer of 40-45% is used in every strain, i.e. 238-245 kg urea, is watered 18-22kg leaching;
(2) short fertilizers for potted flowers, the nitrogenous fertilizer of 20-25%, phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer of 8-12% are used in every strain, i.e. and 125-134g urea, 204-212g calcium superphosphate, 48-52g potassium sulphate fertilizer, is watered 18-22 kg leaching;
(3) fruit-promoting fertilizer applies for the first time, and nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer of 14-18% and the potash fertilizer of 14-18% of 14-18%, i.e. 85-95g urea, 330-334g calcium superphosphate, 78-82g potassium sulphate fertilizer are used in every strain; Be watered 18-22 kg leaching;
(4) fruit-promoting fertilizer applies for the second time, and nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer of 10-14% and the potash fertilizer of 14-18% of 7-11% is used in every strain, i.e. 48-52g urea, 248-252g calcium superphosphate, 78-82g potassium sulphate fertilizer, is watered 18-22 kg leaching;
(5) fruit-promoting fertilizer applies for the third time, and nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer of 10-14% and the potash fertilizer of 14-18% of 7-11% is used in every strain, and 48-52g urea, 248-252g calcium superphosphate, 78-82g potassium sulphate fertilizer, be watered 18-22kg leaching.
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CN105218277A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-01-06 | 重庆拓阳科技有限公司 | The Kiwifruit composite microbe fertilizer of improvement soil and its preparation and application method |
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CN108191489A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-06-22 | 陕西省农村科技开发中心 | The fertilizing method of Kiwi berry plantation |
CN108848843A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2018-11-23 | 龙胜县隆升农业有限公司 | Improve the fertilizing method of Kiwi berry quality |
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