CN101555170A - Special fertilizer for Chinese goosebeery and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Special fertilizer for Chinese goosebeery and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101555170A CN101555170A CNA2009100221164A CN200910022116A CN101555170A CN 101555170 A CN101555170 A CN 101555170A CN A2009100221164 A CNA2009100221164 A CN A2009100221164A CN 200910022116 A CN200910022116 A CN 200910022116A CN 101555170 A CN101555170 A CN 101555170A
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Abstract
A special fertilizer for Chinese goosebeery is prepared by oxidizing and modifying humic acid into humate and adding nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potash fertilizer. The preparation process comprises the following steps: (1) humic acid modification: oxidizing humic acid material with oxidizing acid and adding sulphite for modification to obtain humate; (2) chelation: adding potash fertilizer and compound fertilizer auxiliary material into the humate, and leading steam into a reaction kettle, heating to more than 80 DEG C and preserving the temperature for chelation for more than 8 h; (3) mixing: after the chelation, adding nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer and mixing; and (4) thickening: adding micro conditioner for thickening, measuring and packing. In the invention, through adding modified HA salt, the original special fertilizer (M fertilizer) for Chinese goosebeery is further processed, and the pure inorganic fertilizer in the M fertilizer is changed into an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with different characteristic, so that the operating factor of the fertilizer is improved by 14 percent through the fertilizer modification.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fertilizer manufacturing technology field, particularly Kiwifruit composite fertilizer special.
Background technology
As far back as 1850, the U.S. had nitrogen, the phosphorus binary is mixed fertile the sale.After the thirties in 20th century, from every Western Europe country, raising along with crop yield prediction, the increase of chemical fertilizer quantity and kind, and the development of mechanization of agriculture, people urgently wish to change the traditional fertilization method that several straight fertilizer gradation are used, to adapt to the requirement that intensification and efficient agriculture are produced.The primary stage that composite fertilizer is produced is by peasant household several single fertilizer to be used after the blending voluntarily.Perfect day by day along with chemical fertilizer industry, particularly phosphoric acid extraction industrial expansion and nitrogen, phosphatic manure production technique combine, and produce multicomponent composite fertilizer and have obviously that the utilization of resources is reasonable, economic benefit is high, good product quality, use advantages such as convenient.So before and after the World War II, variously give birth to, and begin large-scale commodity production based on the composite fertilizer process application of phosphoric acid industry.The composite fertilizer of initial production is universal mostly, the content of its nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and ratio with and form, what have is complete in technical process decision, is combined to compound manure as phosphorus ammonium etc.; Have then on demand it is adjusted to nutrient fully, ratio equilibrated model, as the cooperation compound manure of 15-15-15 in 1: 1: 1 type and 19-19-19.Because general composite fertilizer lacks specific aim to crop, and along with the development in chemical fertilizer production process and agrochemistry service station, in many countries bulk blended fertilizer and dedicated fertilizers have successively appearred.The 1950's, the U.S. begins to rise bulk blended fertilizer, about 2,200 ten thousand tons to 1985 annual turnovers, account for 45% of U.S.'s total fertilization amount, account for more than 60% of composite fertilizer, add up according to Food and Argriculture OrganizationFAO (FAO), 1981～nineteen eighty-two degree, consumption chemical fertilizer in the whole world reaches 1.15 hundred million tons.Wherein various multiple fertilizer account for 50%, and the multiple fertilizer of developed country's consumption on average accounts for more than 70%; It is lower that developing country uses multiple fertile ratio, only accounts for 26.5%.The development trend one of composite fertilizer is to strengthen the multifunctionality of fertilizer.Promptly under the prerequisite that guarantees N, P, K basis nutrient and an amount of trace element, by producing compound manure, and add synergy conditioning agents such as sterilant, agrochemical agricultural chemicals and drought resisting Ji, choline dichloride, root-growing agent, growth promoter hormone, insect-proof agent therein, purpose is by fertilising, solve nutrient deficiency and disease, worm, weeds harm simultaneously, the physiological mechanism that overregulates plant of also coming round reaches the purpose that strengthens various functional effects.This has all obtained success in theory and practice.The 2nd, liquid fertilizer is quick situation.Some countries in the U.S., Japan, Russia and North America and West Europe are at the widespread use liquid fertilizer at present.Singly be that the U.S. just has nearly ten thousand tame secondary processing fertilizer plants, wherein, just there are family more than 2000, the about 300X10 of liquid fertilizer annual production in liquid fertilizer source mill
4T has the liquid fertilizer kind more than 1000 of filling a prescription.The main applicating liquid fertilizer of their cash crop and part food crop.The 3rd, the secondary processing prescriptionization.Promptly when producing multielement, multi-functional, comprehensive, efficient compound fertilizer, also bear agriculturalization service, directly testing soil and crop alimentary are by test result and follow the balance fertilizing principle and fill a prescription, produce various dedicated fertilizers by prescription again, even apply fertilizer for the client.Form one package service, realized that substantially fertilising is specialized.
China is that the compound fertilizer of feature starts from the middle and later periods eighties with the organic and inorganic compound fertilizer product.The appearance of this new-type fertilizer is the modern needs of Organic farming, is the product that fervent demand of vast farmers and numerous scientific and technical personnel make great efforts to develop.Over more than 20 year, had quite significantly progressive to the research of this compound fertilizer and application.Aspect organic raw material, be extended to more than 20 kind of solid, liquid refuse of industries such as comprising sugar industry, livestock industry, metallurgy, mine, chemical industry, food-processing, environmental sanitation.On research basis to this refuse character, the tau-effect mechanism that organic and inorganic formulation principle and organic and inorganic cooperate in the compound fertilizer has successively been proposed, promoted further developing of organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer.In this stage, also be subjected to the attention of enterprise and scientific research department for the exploitation of processing of the scale of waste resource and specific equipment.For example, all there is the infusion of financial resources exploitation of many producers aspects such as pig, chicken manure drying, sludge dewatering, garbage sorting, material pulverizing, the whole nation, have obtained progress in various degree.
The subject matter that exists: the technology that it is a kind of materialization that at present domestic organic-inorganic cooperates, product (organic compound fertilizer) carrier has promptly been arranged, therefore have obvious superiority.Yet the secondary processing of this product consumes extra energy and material after all again, this is the subject matter that exists at present, though be worthwhile generally, but can become secondary processing and be time processing? this is for the enterprise of the technical qualification richness of equipment, and being one is worth major issue discussion, that help bringing into play large enterprises' advantage.In recent years, many large-scale fertilizer enterprises, also further carry out secondary processing and produce compound organic and inorganic fertilizer when producing straight fertilizer as the red day fertilizer plant in Guizhou, obtain bigger economic benefit.If can become secondary processing and be time processing, then can reduce cost and obtain better benefit.
The technical feasibility that time processing is produced single organic chemical fertilizer or organic compound fertilizer exists.At first, in the present chemical fertilizer product, just there are some can supply the technology of using for reference, for example lime nitrogen, magnesium ammonium phosphate, urea formaldehyde etc.The factory that has has made some good tries.For example, the complex nitor-phenol potassium of Guangzhou Nitrogenous Fertilizer Factory's production and organic calcium superphosphate of appearance in recent years.We produce in the research of organic compound fertilizer in time processing, have also obtained impressive progress.Utilize amino acid waste material and some inorganic additivess to manufacture experimently out organic nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and the little fertilizer with controlled-release effect together, fertilizer efficiency is obvious.The organic chemical fertilizer of single nutrient can use separately, also can cooperate with other raw material one to produce compound fertilizer, especially can produce organic Bulk Blending Fertilizer (BB fertilizer) easily by the blending mode.This technological approaches will be fertilizer enterprises, energy-saving and cost-reducing increasing economic efficiency, and enhancing one's market competitiveness offers an opportunity.
Time processing is produced mixed organic manure also need do a lot of basic research works at present.At first be the screening and the property research of organic raw material.The technology of mixed organic manure secondary processing can be for using for reference, and wherein selected many organic raw material can be tried out.Next is the research of reaction principle, organic-inorganic fit system.This research that organic-inorganic is cooperated is deep into molecular level.The 3rd is the condition of each elementary reaction, as the regulation and control of temperature, pressure, time, PH etc.The 4th is the physicochemical property and the fertilizer efficiency characteristics of this class fertilizer, as releases fertile characteristics, the stability under the different soils environment etc.In these fundamental researchs, it is crucial that the expert of chemical fertilizer manufacturing and agrochemistry, plant nutrition aspect cooperates.
China now is in has secondary processing to transfer the evolution in time processing stage to, maximum characteristics of this stage: be that the organic-inorganic compounding technique has had goods support, the technology in-depth in this stage, raising, change secondary processing are time processing, its scientific-technical progress embodies a concentrated expression of the research that organic and inorganic is cooperated, and is advanced to molecular level.For the innovation of medium and small multiple fertile factory has brought opportunity and new development space.
Organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer is the compound fertilizer that replaces the part inorganic nutrients on the basis of inorganic composite mixed fertilizer with organic nutrient in the organic materials.This fertilizer melts fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer in one, nutrient is comprehensive, the fertilizer efficiency emergency utilization rate of fertilizer height that helps mutually, to improving the physical behavior of soil, the physical activity that improves soil plays an important role, and obviously improved crop yield, the more important thing is that it can change quality of agricultural product, nutrition contents such as protein, amino acid, sugar are increased, it is few to have a consumption, characteristics such as fertilizer efficiency height, cost are low, bring notable results, thereby development is very rapid.
Current agricultural environment pollution and food source safety problem have become the focus that the whole world is paid close attention to, and soil, fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, water, seed etc. are all closely related with the application of organic fertilizer resource in the food source.Nontoxic, the noresidue of humic acids (HA) class material is extensively used fertilizer industry.
The main nutrient index of original special fertilizer for Chinese goosebeery:
| Project | Index |
| Total nutrient (N, P, K) % 〉= | 30 |
| Granularity % (1.00-4.75) 〉= | 90 |
| Water-soluble rate % 〉= | 70 |
There is technical problem in the prescription of the original composite fertilizer of company (M fertilizer) from showing as can be seen:
Humic acid (HA) is that occurring in nature extensively is present in soil, salty, fresh water and throw out thereof, macromolecular organic compound in the carbonaceous mineral reserve such as peat and colliery, remains by plant etc. form through microbiological degradation and a series of geochemical process two, and people are the peat composed of rotten mosses, weathered coal etc.; The original prescription of company now utilizes weathered coal, and weathered coal is pulverized, and low through the water-soluble rate of ammonification, the fertilizer efficiency utilization ratio is low, and not too obvious to the synergism of chemical fertilizer, is the subject matter of the prescription existence of original composite fertilizer (M fertilizer).
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention provides a kind of special fertilizer for Chinese goosebeery and preparation technology, to overcome the drawback of existing composite fertilizer.
A kind of special fertilizer for Chinese goosebeery, it is through becoming humate after the oxidation modification and adding nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer and make with humic acid.
Described special fertilizer for Chinese goosebeery, it contains the raw material of following weight ratio:
Humic acid or humate: 5-6, nitrogenous fertilizer: 8-10, phosphate fertilizer: 5-5, potash fertilizer: 5-7.
Also add the nutritive element that is fit to Kiwi growth, and add according to following weight part:
Zinc sulfate 1--2, boron 1.5--2.5, sal epsom 5--8, calcium 2--6, ferrous sulfate 2.5--3.5.
Above-mentioned special fertilizer for Chinese goosebeery preparation technology, it is to implement according to following steps:
(1) humic acid modified: it is humate that humic acid material is added sulphite for modification after with the oxidizing acid oxidation;
(2) chelating: add potash fertilizer and composite fertilizer's auxiliary material in humate, feeding is steam heated to and is incubated chelating more than 80 ℃ more than 8 hours in reactor;
(3) mix: chelatropic reaction finishes the back and adds nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer mixing;
(4) thickening: add metering packing after the micro-amendment thickening.
Described oxidizing acid is a concentrated nitric acid.
Have following characteristics after adopting nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer compound among the present invention:
Nitrogenous fertilizer: with urea and carbon ammonium is the nitrogenous fertilizer high volatility of representative, and general utilization is lower, and the time that the nitrogen that the carbon ammonium discharges is absorbed by crop is 20 days, reaches more than more than 60 day and mix Shi Houke with HA.
Phosphate fertilizer: do not add humic acid, phosphorus vertical shifting distance in soil is 3-4 centimetre, adds HA and can be increased to 6-8 centimetre, helps the farm crop root system to absorb, and improves phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency 14.7-20.4%.
Potash fertilizer: HA is to the synergism of potash fertilizer, the acidity of HA is attacked to roll into a ball and can be absorbed and store potassium ion, prevent from the strong soil of sandy soil and shower, to lose with current, can prevent that again clayed soil is to potassium fixation, mineral such as potassic silicate, potassium felspar sand there is solvency action, can slowly discharge, thus the content of raising soil available potassium, and utilization ratio improves 50-70%.
Major technique innovative point of the present invention:
(1) chemical fertilizer modification
At first add modified HA salt, original special fertilizer for Chinese goosebeery (M fertilizer) is carried out deep processing, in M fertilizer, simple mineral manure is changed over different in kind organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer-promptly by the chemical fertilizer modification, improved fertilizer utilization ratio more than 14.
Matter is planted in corruption, is one of important indicator of estimating soil fertility.It also is a kind of organic acid, be not dissolved in water, but same mineral acid (example hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid) is the same, with alkali generation neutralization reaction, with monovalent base metal ion effects such as sodium, potassium, generate fulvo acid salt, thereby the humic acids in the soil is discharged, as the table (two) as described in the raising fertilizer utilization ratio, obvious to the synergism of chemical fertilizer.
It is that the nascent oxygen that nitric acid generates in oxidising process has impelled the aromatic structure initial oxidation on the primary humic acids to become phenolic hydroxyl group that the humic acids nitric acid oxidation generates its principle of nitro humic acid (NHA), in the ring scission of process quinonyl fragrance, generate carboxyl, figure two has shown the approach that improves HA content by the phenolic hydroxyl group oxidation.
And the nitro humic acid that modification obtains can also react with ammonia (acid amides), forms nitro humic acid salt, forms humic-acid kind urea complex body with the urea effect again, lays a solid foundation for forming nitro humic acid class slow release fertilizer and soil improvement agent.
3, the HA quantity of Shi Yonging should too high (not being generally the 4%-8% of fertilizer total amount).
4, make that water-soluble organic and inorganic, trace element is comprehensive to dash fertilising, HA and urea react in dashing fertilising, make it substantially with the combination of chemical bond form, and the total amount of assurance nutritive element, note the ratio of reasonably combined various elements, under the adjusting of trace element and modified HA, further improve the utilization ratio of macroelement.Because through above-mentioned science modification, not only every mu of average approximately volume increase about 18.8%, and average mu increases income and is about 579.20 yuan.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow sheet of the present invention.
A1, A2 represent to add standing over night under rare nitric acid, the normal temperature.
A3 represents to add standing over night under sulphite, the normal temperature.
A4 represents that NHA is used for the next stage raw material.
A5 represents to utilize reactor chelating 8 hours at a certain temperature.
A6, A7 represent directly to add nitrogen, phosphorus, it is compound to carry out normal temperature, until the product appearance requirement that touches the mark.
Fig. 2 is humic acid modified reaction formula.
Fig. 3 humic acid is by S-WAT sulfonation hydrolytic process.
Embodiment
A kind of special fertilizer for Chinese goosebeery, it contains the raw material of following weight ratio:
Humic acid or humate: 5-6, nitrogenous fertilizer: 8-10, phosphate fertilizer: 5-5, potash fertilizer: 5-7.
Also add the nutritive element that is fit to Kiwi growth, and add according to following weight part:
Zinc sulfate 1--2, boron 1.5--2.5, sal epsom 5--8, calcium 2--6, ferrous sulfate 2.5--3.5.
Above-mentioned special fertilizer for Chinese goosebeery preparation technology, it is to implement according to following steps:
(1) humic acid modified: it is humate that humic acid material is added sulphite for modification after with the oxidizing acid oxidation;
(2) chelating: add potash fertilizer and composite fertilizer's auxiliary material in humate, feeding is steam heated to and is incubated chelating more than 80 ℃ more than 8 hours in reactor;
(3) mix: chelatropic reaction finishes the back and adds nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer mixing;
(4) thickening: add metering packing after the micro-amendment thickening.
Described oxidizing acid is a concentrated nitric acid.
The present invention can promote the Kiwifruit standardized production, improves product production and quality.The Kiwifruit standardized production, relate in the Kiwifruit production process and selecting from the field of growing seedlings, from building the garden to orchard soil, fertilizer, water and plant protection management, all to carry out standardized operation from all links that wait before, during and after the production process, carrying out the Kiwifruit standardized production is the primary standard of modern Kiwifruit industry, is the important assurance of fruit high-quality and safety.The gardening expert requires first-selected fertilizer on the fertile link of the usefulness of standardized production, the inferior quick-acting fertilizer that selects, select little fertilizer once more, the three cooperates can reach comprehensive nutrition supply, the GM fertilizer of our exploitation is that above-mentioned three classes of collection are integrated, implemented the effective supervision from the farmland to the dining table,, improved aspects such as quality and obtained remarkable achievement at crop yield.Per mu yield has on average improved 18.8%, and VITAMIN improves 1.73%, and the solubility thing improves 2.46%.National Kiwifruit gardening on the 18th meeting in September in this year the 3rd branch holds and has visited thoughtful Kiwifruit demonstration base at Yang Ling, brainstrust is said after seeing the so good effect of the special fertilizer for Chinese goosebeery after our modification happily: " you are for advancing the development of Chinese Kiwifruit industry high level, high starting point, and firm occupying inter-national market has been made new contribution ".
Composite fertilizer of the present invention (being called for short GM) beneficial effect:
1, GM fertilizer is that the substantial connection with HA and fertilizer, soil, crop three serves as according to preparation, accomplishes to suit measures to local conditions, and because of the plant growth characteristics, the production suitability is strong, the product of customizations.
2, the adding of organic HA can stimulate plant growth, improves crop fertilizer utilization ratio more than 14%, is regulated the release rate of nutrient in the mineral manure, makes nutrient discharge fate and extends to 60 days by 20 days, thereby make fertile long-actingization of GM.
3, GM fertilizer is the effective combination of HA and mineral manure thereof, through nitrogen, phosphorus, compoundization of potassium nutrition, after the organic and inorganic diversification, and the fertilizer of producing it be effective guarantee of green agriculture economic environment coordinated development.
The special-purpose fertile practical application effect of the present invention:
1,2007-2008 Zhouzhi County Kiwifruit experiment centres, the experimental data report; Use the characteristics behind the GM fertilizer, comparison is according to apparent in view the showing as in field (not using GM fertilizer), and with fruit tree, the tree vigo(u)r stalwartness of GM fertilizer, strong resistance, fruit is big neat, on average increases production 20%-30%, and quality on average improves 0.5-1%.
2, Gansu Province's agricultural water conservation and soil and fertilizer management master station, the experimental data comparison is increased production more than 16.22% according to the field piece.
3, clay fertilizer station, Mei County agricultural technology extension center experimental result: Kiwifruit on average increases production 16.5% after executing GM fertilizer, and mu increases income 705 yuan, and the output ratio is 1: 8.Vegetative period, GM fertilizer had the effect of flower and fruit protecting, promotion fruit development.
The experiment of above various places shows that GM fertilizer can bigger raising output, improves the fruit quality; And have strong trees, improve resistance, flower and fruit protecting, the effect of listing ahead of time.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of special fertilizer for Chinese goosebeery is characterized in that humic acid through becoming humate after the oxidation modification and adding nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer and make.
2, special fertilizer for Chinese goosebeery according to claim 1, its feature contains the raw material of following weight ratio:
Humic acid or humate: 5-6, nitrogenous fertilizer: 8-10, phosphate fertilizer: 5-5, potash fertilizer: 5-7.
3, special fertilizer for Chinese goosebeery according to claim 2 is characterized in that also adding the nutritive element that is fit to Kiwi growth, and adds according to following weight part:
Zinc sulfate 1--2, boron 1.5--2.5, sal epsom 5--8, calcium 2--6, ferrous sulfate 2.5--3.5.
4, a kind of special fertilizer for Chinese goosebeery preparation technology is characterized in that implementing according to following steps:
(1) humic acid modified: it is humate that humic acid material is added sulphite for modification after with the oxidizing acid oxidation;
(2) chelating: add potash fertilizer and composite fertilizer's auxiliary material in humate, feeding is steam heated to and is incubated chelating more than 80 ℃ more than 8 hours in reactor;
(3) mix: chelatropic reaction finishes the back and adds nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer mixing;
(4) thickening: add metering packing after the micro-amendment thickening.
5, special fertilizer for Chinese goosebeery preparation technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that oxidizing acid is a concentrated nitric acid.
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| CN102491805A (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2012-06-13 | 重庆信祥生态农业有限公司 | Composting method for natural fertilizer special for kiwi fruit |
| CN102503630A (en) * | 2011-10-24 | 2012-06-20 | 山东光大肥业科技有限公司 | Dedicated organic/inorganic compound fertilizer for kiwi and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102531793A (en) * | 2012-02-21 | 2012-07-04 | 常熟市方塔涂料化工有限公司 | Composite fertilizer special for dragon fruits |
| CN102887780A (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2013-01-23 | 四川农业大学 | Organic and inorganic compound fertilizer for kiwi fruits and preparation method thereof |
| CN103508787A (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2014-01-15 | 安徽省司尔特肥业股份有限公司 | Soil improvement type slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103804047A (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2014-05-21 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | Special fertilizer for Hongyang kiwifruit and fertilizing method |
| CN104446799A (en) * | 2014-12-06 | 2015-03-25 | 贵州大学 | Guichang Chinese gooseberry base fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN104973949A (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2015-10-14 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | Special yield increasing agent for kiwi fruits, and preparation method of special yield increasing agent for kiwi fruits |
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| CN1065449A (en) * | 1991-03-29 | 1992-10-21 | 山西省农业科学院果树研究所 | Combound fertilizer specially adapted for fruit trees |
| CN1044598C (en) * | 1992-07-24 | 1999-08-11 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Compound fertilizer specially for solanaceae fruit vegetables and its prodn. method |
| CN1057288C (en) * | 1995-03-07 | 2000-10-11 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Special fertilizer for wheat and soy bean |
| CN1149964A (en) * | 1996-08-28 | 1997-05-21 | 张志东 | Plant growth balancing agent and preparing method thereof |
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| CN103804047A (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2014-05-21 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | Special fertilizer for Hongyang kiwifruit and fertilizing method |
| CN104446800A (en) * | 2014-12-06 | 2015-03-25 | 贵州大学 | Guichang Chinese gooseberry additional fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN104446799A (en) * | 2014-12-06 | 2015-03-25 | 贵州大学 | Guichang Chinese gooseberry base fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN104973949A (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2015-10-14 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | Special yield increasing agent for kiwi fruits, and preparation method of special yield increasing agent for kiwi fruits |
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