CN102476972A - Corn base fertilizer for saline alkali land, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Corn base fertilizer for saline alkali land, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to saline alkali land corn base fertilizer, and specifically to a saline alkali resistance corn base fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The corn base fertilizer comprises, by weight, 150-250 parts of an organic matter, 100-200 parts of calcium sulfate, 5-10 parts of urea, 100-200 parts of compound fertilizer, 2-5 parts of an active cover agent, 20-40 parts of a porous inorganic substance, 150-250 parts of an acidic liquid, and 0.1-0.5 parts of a compost fermentation agent, wherein the compound fertilizer mainly comprises N, P, K and Zn, the weight ratio of the N to the P to the K to the Zn is 1:0.80-1.10:1.20-1.60:0.40-0.70, and the use amount of a N fertilizer slow-release agent (dicyandiamide) is 2.0-3.0% of the use amount of the N fertilizer. According to the present invention, the special corn fertilizer has an effect of regulation of the pH value of the soil; the considerable organic material, the porous inorganic material, and the like are added, such that the effects of soil structure improving, soil organic matter improving, and soil fertility improving are provided; the utilization efficiency of the N in the compound fertilizer can be improved by matching the corn base fertilizer with the N fertilizer slow-release agent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to be applicable to the corn base manure in saltings, specifically a kind of saltings is with corn base manure and preparation thereof.
Background technology
The soil salinization is an important factor that threatens world food safety, and the saltings worldwide distributes very wide, relates to five continents more or less a hundred country, according to the incomplete statistics of international related tissue, global saline soil area about 1.43 * 10
10Mu, and with fertilising unreasonable with farming, area also has the trend that enlarges.China's situation also allows of no optimist, and saltings 1.49 * 10 is arranged at present approximately
9Mu mainly is distributed in 23 provinces of 5 Da Qu, is one type of important land resources.Reasonably development and use saline-alkali soil not only can increase crop yield, alleviates crisis in food, and can improve the ecological environment, and improves farmers' income.Therefore, country attaches great importance to the saltings development and use, and soil science, agronomy and related discipline expert have also carried out the research of a large amount of reclamations of salinep-alkali soil and aspects such as improvement, the reasonable arable farming in saltings and crop rotation, and have obtained many positive progress.
Mostly the method for the reclamation of salinep-alkali soil at present is the gypsum improvement and adds the acid improvement; But the sodium ion that gypsum improvement displaces and other salt ions need utilize eluviation to leave the soil body or migrate to soil body deep layer; In dry comparatively, water resources is nervous, and dry field irrigation is difficult to realize; And irrigate back soil and more be prone to harden, and simple add sour improved method and can not improve soil structures and soil tilth.
The dry farmland rational application of fertilizer can improve fertilizer utilization efficiency and WUEL, promotes crop to moisture, nutrient absorbing utilization, guarantees that crop yield forms.Corn is China main nonirrigated farmland food crop, and needed salinity mainly relies on fertilising and soil mineralization to discharge in breeding time, and corn yield often significantly improves along with rational fertilising.And the corn continuous cropping is especially only paid attention under the chemical fertilizer working conditions arable soil organic content and is descended rapidly, and soil physical property worsens, and the coacervate quality and quantity descends, and the soil aeration condition is poor.Physical behavior that there are some researches prove soil also has material impact to the quality and yield of crop.Therefore, the present invention is utilizing under the various salts alkali soil improvement technology prerequisite, and the rational proportion nutrient is implemented in the improvement of saline-alkali soil physico-chemical property and the high yield of corn on dry land.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of corn base manure and preparation thereof that use in the saltings that be suitable for.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts:
A kind of corn base manure that is suitable for the saltings use; Count by weight; Organic 150-250 part, calcium sulfate 100-200 part, urea 5-10 part, composite fertilizer 100-200 part, active front cover agent 2-5 part, porous, inorganic thing 20-40 part, acidic liq 150-250 part, initiator 2-4 part, linking agent 0.5-1 part, compost fermentation agent 0.1-0.5 part.Wherein composite fertilizer mainly comprises nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, consists of N in its weight of effective content: P: K: Zn=1: 0.80～1.10: 1.20～1.60: 0.40～0.70.
The agent of N fertilizer slow-release is a Dyhard RU 100; The agent of N fertilizer slow-release is 2.0～3.0% of the fertile consumption of N;
Organic is that humic acid and organic materials form through the mixed fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed, pulverizing; Active front cover agent is an emulsified machine oil; The porous, inorganic thing is perlite, sepiolite, medical stone, zeolite etc. or its mixture; Acidic liq is nitric acid or hydrochloric acid, and concentration is 2.0-4.0mol/L; The compost fermentation agent is fertilizer starter or short rotten agent etc.
Said humic acid is weathered coal, the peat composed of rotten mosses and/or brown coal; Organic materials is corn stalk powder and/or wooden chaff, and humic acid and organic materials weight ratio are 1.0: 1.0～2.0; Calcium sulfate is that phosphogypsum or the heat power plant in plaster of paris ore deposit, the phophatic fertilizer production process administers smoke pollution sweetening process waste products---desulfurated plaster.
Said corn fertilizer, the fertilizer that N selects for use in the composite fertilizer are sulphur ammonium or ammonium nitrate, and the fertilizer that P selects for use is two ammoniums or double superhosphate (containing P 20%), and the fertilizer that K selects for use is vitriolate of tartar or Repone K, and Zn is a zinc sulfate.
It is applied in as base manure in the soil corn field of meta-alkalescence, makees base manure in spring before the whole ground and once applies, and follows rotary tillage and soil thorough mixing, unit surface consumption N:40-50kg hm
-2, P:40-60kg hm
-2, K:50-100kg hm
-2, Zn is 10-30kg hm
-2
Detailed process is following:
Organic 150-250 part, calcium sulfate 100-200 part, urea 5-10 part, composite fertilizer 100-200 part, active front cover agent 2-5 part, porous, inorganic thing 20-40 part, acidic liq 150-250 part, compost fermentation agent 0.1-0.5 part.Wherein composite fertilizer mainly comprises nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, consists of N in its weight of effective content: P: K: Zn=1: 0.80～1.10: 1.20～1.60: 0.40～0.70; The agent of N fertilizer slow-release is 2.0～3.0% of the fertile consumption of N.
1) with organic materials (weathered coal in the humic acid, the peat composed of rotten mosses and/or brown coal; Corn stalk powder in the organic materials and/or wooden chaff) pulverize; Fully stir after adding urea and the compost fermentation agent, mix back room temperature stacking two weeks of fermentation (or the fermentation of employing fermentation equipment, fermentation time can shorten to 24-72 hour); Afterwards; Airing was made and is done (or dried with dry mechanism) in three days, got organic ripe fertilizer, pulverized as composting production through secondary again;
2) will carry out acidification and pulverize after the porous, inorganic thing (the acidification process adopts ordinary method to carry out; Promptly adding concentration is 2.0-3.0mol/L nitric acid or hydrochloric acid; Stirred 10-50 minute; Soaked 12-36 hour), calcium sulfate and compost mixing and stirring, be warming up to 40-90 ℃ of reaction 4-5 hour;
3) then to above-mentioned 2) add acid solution in the gained material and transfer pH=4.5-5.5, be warming up to 40-60 ℃ and reacted 1-3 hour, regulate mixture moisture to 30-45%;
4) with 3) gained material and composite fertilizer's thorough mixing; Room temperature was piled rotten 3-5 days, air-dry or oven dry, pulverize after, spray concentration is that the dilution heat of sulfuric acid of 1.0mol/L is as sticker in material; The add-on of sticker is the 1-2% of by weight of fertilizer, then in granulating disc, carries out granulation; After the granulation particle is sent into two cantilever mixing machines, on one side the start rotation, active front cover agent (vaporific emulsified machine oil) sprayed on one side; Dry pack after stirring.
1. used humic acid contains abundant organic carbon among the present invention, is natural organic matter, uses in a large number for a long time and can obviously improve soil organic matter content, improves Soil structure, improves soil water flowing ventilation property and preserve moisture and fertility ability; In addition, humic acid has the caustic solubility characteristics, and contained various insoluble organic acid can be activated dissolving under saline and alkaline condition, can reduce soil pH, alleviates the threat of saline and alkaline evil, and the humate of generation can quicken crop metabolism, the conditioning plant-growth.Mineral acid and calcium sulfate also have vital role aspect the saline-alkali soil chemical modifying in the fertilizer.The present invention adds acidifying porous, inorganic thing, has bigger specific surface area, for the improvement salt affected soil, adsorbed water molecule and a certain size organic molecule and nutrient, realization is nutrient slowly-released and sustainable utilization have tangible effect.
2. fertilizer of the present invention changes traditional unbalanced situation of corn fertilizing, increases the fertile input of K, both can improve output, also can improve quality, can also improve the degeneration-resistant row of corn simultaneously, prevents lodging.The present invention also adopts biochemical restrainer, adopts ammonium fertilizer because of main, so select nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide control nitrification for use.In addition, add a certain amount of Zn fertilizer in the composite fertilizer, both helped the growth of seed, help the raising of quality again, promote the synthetic of the interior growth hormone of plant body, the photorespiration of chlorophyllous photochemical reaction of catalysis and corn.
3. the present invention selects for use cheap biodegradable organic matter, renewable organic matter, special-purpose ratio composite fertilizer and porous, inorganic thing as main raw material; After processes such as heap corruption, acidifying, mixing, drying, pulverizing and overlay film, obtain the corn base manure that a kind of low price efficiently has anti-saline and alkaline effect; Providing nutrient also can improve WUEL simultaneously, improvement saline-alkali soil promotes soil agreegate to form; Effectively keep soil from packing together, have good ecological benefits and economic benefit.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
With 3 kilograms of wooden chaffs, 30 kilograms of stalks, 20 kilograms of weathered coals, 2.5 kilograms in urea, 0.07 kilogram of compost fermentation agent; Pulverize back normal temperature stacking two weeks of fermentation (or the fermentation of employing fermentation equipment, ask during fermentation to shorten to 24-72 hour), afterwards; Three days systems of airing are done (or dried with dry mechanism); Become about about 50 kilograms dry product, and carry out secondary and pulverize, cross the 5mm sieve.
8 kilograms of perlites are added concentration 2.5mol/L hydrochloric acid stirred 30 minutes, and soaked 24 hours, 120 ℃ dry to constant weight, subsequent use after pulverizing.
With perlite after the acidifying and 40 kilograms in calcium sulfate and the abundant mixing of organic compost; Add the 2mol/L dilute sulphuric acid, regulate material pH to 4.5, regulate mixture moisture to 30-45%; Add 40 kilograms of composite fertilizers (1.3 kilograms of ammonium nitrates, 19.6 kilograms of two ammoniums, 13.3 kilograms of vitriolate of tartar, 5.66 kilograms in zinc sulfate and 0.14 kilogram of mixing of Dyhard RU 100); Fully stir with spiral stirrer, then room temperature was piled rotten 3-5 days, and stir 1-2 every day.Become thoroughly decomposed after dry under natural air drying or 40-60 ℃, pulverize.
Spray concentration be the dilution heat of sulfuric acid of 1mol/L as sticker, the add-on of sticker is 1% of a special-purpose fertile weight, then in granulating disc, carries out granulation.After the granulation particle is sent into two cantilever mixing machines, on one side the start rotation, spray vaporific emulsified machine oil on one side, the sprinkling amount is 1.4 kilograms; Dry pack after stirring.
Embodiment 2
With wooden chaff 50 grams, straw powder 750 grams, brown coal 700 grams, urea 40 grams, compost fermentation agent 2 grams; Normal temperature was stacked for two weeks and (or is adopted fermentation equipment to ferment after pulverizing; Ask during fermentation and can shorten to 24-48 hour), three days systems of airing are then done (or dried with dry mechanism), become the dry product that has approximately about 1500 grams; Carry out secondary and pulverize, cross the 5mm sieve.
Uses concentration to be the salt soak of 2.8mol/L 24 hours 300 gram medical stones, 120 ℃ dry to constant weight, and pulverize afterwards subsequent use.
With fertilizer, medical stone and calcium sulfate 1500 gram thorough mixing; Add the 2mol/L dilute sulphuric acid, regulate material pH to 5, regulate mixture moisture to 30-45%; Add composite fertilizer's 1400 grams (sulphur ammonium 475 grams, double superhosphate 505 grams, vitriolate of tartar 292 grams and zinc sulfate 125 grams and Dyhard RU 100 3 grams); Fully stir with spiral stirrer, then room temperature was piled rotten 3-5 days, and stir 1-2 every day.Become thoroughly decomposed after dry under natural air drying or 40-60 ℃, pulverize.
Spray concentration be the dilution heat of sulfuric acid of 1mol/L as sticker, the add-on of sticker is 1% of a special-purpose fertile weight, then in granulating disc, carries out granulation.After the granulation particle is sent into two cantilever mixing machines, on one side the start rotation, spray vaporific emulsified machine oil on one side, the sprinkling amount is 50 grams; Dry pack after stirring.
Claims (7)
1. one kind is suitable for the corn base manure that uses in the saltings; It is characterized in that: count by weight; Organic 150-250 part, calcium sulfate 100-200 part, urea 5-10 part, composite fertilizer 100-200 part, active front cover agent 2-5 part, porous, inorganic thing 20-40 part, acidic liq 150-250 part, compost fermentation agent 0.1-0.5 part;
Wherein composite fertilizer mainly comprises nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, consists of N in its weight of effective content: P: K: Zn=1: 0.80～1.10: 1.20～1.60: 0.40～0.70.
2. according to the said corn base manure of claim 1, it is characterized in that: contain the agent of N fertilizer slow-release in the said composite fertilizer, its be in composite fertilizer's fertilizer the fertile consumption of N 2.0～3.0%, the agent of N fertilizer slow-release is a Dyhard RU 100.
3. according to the said corn base manure of claim 1, it is characterized in that: said organic matter is that humic acid and organic materials form through the mixed fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed, pulverizing; Active front cover agent is an emulsified machine oil; The porous, inorganic thing is a kind of in perlite, sepiolite, medical stone or the zeolite or mixture more than two kinds; Acidic liq is a sulfuric acid, and concentration is 2.0-4.0mol/L; The compost fermentation agent is fertilizer starter or short rotten agent; Calcium sulfate is that phosphogypsum or the heat power plant in plaster of paris ore deposit, the phophatic fertilizer production process administers smoke pollution sweetening process waste products---desulfurated plaster.
4. according to the said corn base manure of claim 3, it is characterized in that: said humic acid is a kind of in weathered coal, the peat composed of rotten mosses, the brown coal or more than two kinds; Organic materials is corn stalk powder and/or wooden chaff; Humic acid and organic materials weight ratio are 1.0: 1.0～2.0.
5. according to the said corn base manure of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the fertilizer that N selects for use in the said composite fertilizer is sulphur ammonium or ammonium nitrate, and the fertilizer that P selects for use is two ammoniums or double superhosphate, and the fertilizer that K selects for use is vitriolate of tartar or Repone K, and Zn is a zinc sulfate.
6. the preparation method of one of any said corn base manure of a claim 1-5 is characterized in that:
1) humic acid and organic materials are pulverized, stirred after adding urea and compost fermentation agent, mix the back room temperature and stack two weeks of fermentation or 24-72 hour of adopting fermentation equipment to ferment; Afterwards; Airing was made and is done or do with dry mechanism in three days, got organic ripe fertilizer, pulverized as composting production through secondary again;
A kind of in weathered coal in the humic acid, the peat composed of rotten mosses, the brown coal or more than two kinds; Organic materials is corn stalk powder and/or wooden chaff, and humic acid and organic materials weight ratio are 1.0: 1.0～2.0;
2) will carry out acidification and pulverize after porous, inorganic thing and calcium sulfate and compost mixing and stirring, be warming up to 40-90 ℃ and reacted 4-5 hour;
The acidification process adopts ordinary method to carry out, and being about to raw material adding concentration is 2.0-3.0mol/L nitric acid or hydrochloric acid, stirs 10-50 minute, soaks 12-36 hour;
3) then to above-mentioned 2) add acidic liq in the gained material and transfer pH=4.5-5.5, be warming up to 40-60 ℃ and reacted 1-3 hour, regulate mixture moisture to 30-45%;
4) with 3) gained material and multiple, Hefei thorough mixing; Room temperature was piled rotten 3-5 days, air-dry or oven dry, pulverize after, spray concentration is that the dilution heat of sulfuric acid of 1.0mol/L is as sticker in material; The add-on of sticker is the 1-2% of by weight of fertilizer, then in granulating disc, carries out granulation; After the granulation particle is sent into two cantilever mixing machines, on one side the start rotation, vaporific emulsified machine oil sprayed on one side; Dry pack after stirring;
Corn base manure weight consists of, organic 150-250 part, calcium sulfate 100-200 part, urea 5-10 part, composite fertilizer 100-200 part, active front cover agent 2-5 part, porous, inorganic thing 20-40 part, acidic liq 150-250 part, compost fermentation agent 0.1-0.5 part; Wherein composite fertilizer mainly comprises nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, consists of N in its weight of effective content: P: K: Zn=1: 0.80～1.10: 1.20～1.60: 0.40～0.70; The agent of N fertilizer slow-release is 2.0～3.0% of the fertile consumption of N.
7. the application of one of any said corn base manure of a claim 1-5 is characterized in that:
It is applied in as base manure in the soil corn field of meta-alkalescence, makees base manure in spring before the whole ground and once applies, and follows rotary tillage and soil thorough mixing, unit surface consumption N:40-50kg hm
-2, P:40-60kg hm
-2, K:50-100kg hm
-2, Zn is 10-30kg hm
-2
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| CN103601568A (en) * | 2013-10-28 | 2014-02-26 | 王振奎 | Corn high-yield fertilizer special for alkaline soil and processing method thereof |
| CN103999660A (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2014-08-27 | 郎溪县十字镇林华粮食种植家庭农场 | Planting technology of maize with high anti-disaster capacity |
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| CN113337292A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2021-09-03 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Preparation method of lignite-straw-based degraded saline-alkali wetland restoration agent |
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Application publication date: 20120530 |