CN105032922A - Stage treatment method of saline and alkaline land - Google Patents
Stage treatment method of saline and alkaline land Download PDFInfo
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- CN105032922A CN105032922A CN201510536549.7A CN201510536549A CN105032922A CN 105032922 A CN105032922 A CN 105032922A CN 201510536549 A CN201510536549 A CN 201510536549A CN 105032922 A CN105032922 A CN 105032922A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a stage treatment method of saline and alkaline land. The method includes three saline and alkaline land improvement steps that firstly, the saline and alkaline land is treated through ardealite, most of salt in the saline and alkaline land is removed, and the pH value of the saline and alkaline land is decreased; secondly, the saline and alkaline land is treated through rectorite powder, polyaluminium sulfate and polysilicic acid, so that the salt content of the saline and alkaline land is further reduced, and the soil structure of the saline and alkaline land is effectively improved; and thirdly, the saline and alkaline land is treated through fermentation materials, apatite and amino acid amino acid, so that the salt content of the saline and alkaline land is further reduced, and the pH value of soil of the saline and alkaline land is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the improving technology field in salt-soda soil, specifically, relate to a kind of hierarchical processing method of salt-soda soil.
Background technology
Salt-soda soil be saline land with alkali ground general name.Solonchak mainly refers to chloride or the higher salinization soil of sulfate, and soil is in alkalescence, but pH value is not necessarily very high.Refer to carbonate containing or heavy phosphatic soil, pH value is higher, and soil is in alkalescence alkali.The content of organic matter in salt-soda soil is few, and soil fertility is low, and physicochemical character is poor, and the anions and canons harmful to crop is many, and crop is short seedling not easily.The area in salt-soda soil, the whole world is 9.5438 hundred million hectares, and wherein China is 9,913 ten thousand hectares.The formation of China's alkali ground and alkali-affected soil, major part is accumulative relevant with Carbonates In Soil, and thus basicity is general higher, and serious salt-soda soil regional plant almost can not be survived.The salinization of soil in soil has been worldwide ecological problem, and the saline Land degree in current global range is obvious ascendant trend, and the salinization of soil in soil has become the important limiting factor of world agriculture sustainable development.For the improvement in salt-soda soil, conventional method has: 1, the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, and the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is poured into water in salt-soda soil exactly, and soil salt is dissolved, by under being oozed and be discharged in deep soil or drip washing is gone out saline and alkaline for the solubility in topsoil, infiltration gutter, side is got rid of; 2, level land, level land under can making uniform moisture and ooze, improve the effect that rainfall is drenched salt and irrigated the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, prevent the salination of soil plaque-like; 3, rake the soil level, the table soil that can loosen of raking the soil level, blocks soil capillary water and carries salinity to earth's surface, play the effect preventing the accumulation of salt in the surface soil in good time; 4, applying organic manure, rational use of chemical fertilizer, fertilizer forms humus through microbial decomposition, conversion, can improve the buffer capacity of soil, and can form sodium humate with sodium carbonate effect, reduces surface soil alkalinity.5, effectively can improve soil with salt-soda soil special-purpose soil conditioner " solodization ".
Ardealite is the accessory substance in production process of phosphoric acid, often produce one ton of phosphorus pentoxide by-product, five tons of ardealites, utilization at present for ardealite mainly contains four aspects, 1, phosphoric acid cream is used for backfill pit, fill mine working with ardealite, fill cost and account for 1/5 of mining cost, not only saved filling cost, and improve utilization of three wastes rate, decrease environmental pollution.But, due to factors such as ardealite gelling agent casting resin viscosity is high, sedimentation fast, condensation is fast, many, the easy pluggings of fine grained, difficult cleanings; 2, by the agent of ardealite production Flocculated Cement, the crystal habit of ardealite is identical with the plaster of paris, for prismatic or cylindricality plate crystal, chemical composition and plaster of paris composition basic simlarity, but due to containing solubility phosphorus pentoxide, phosphate, soluble fluoride, insoluble phosphorus pentoxide and organic impurities etc., the hydration time of cement can be extended, reduce early strength and extend setting time, therefore ardealite directly can not be used as the set retarder of cement; 3, by ardealite sulphur ammonium and calcium carbonate, the method utilizes ammonia and carbon dioxide that ardealite is changed into sulphur ammonium and calcium carbonate, and the quality requirement of the method to ardealite is higher, and production procedure is long, and investment is large; 4, ardealite is used for improve basic soil, containing phosphorus pentoxide in ardealite, cause ardealite aobvious acid, its pH value is 1.5 ~ 4.5, can be used to the alkalescence in sweetening of the soil, and the compositions such as the phosphorus contained in ardealite, iron, magnesium, silicon, zinc, sulphur and the calcium nutrient that to be plant growth necessary.
Ardealite is utilized and improves salt-soda soil, after ardealite is manured into soil, can be the solubility calcium that soil provides sufficient, sodium ion in colloidal complex is replaced out, thus the basicity in reduction soil, promote the formation of soil aggregate, prevent soil epidermis from crusting, reduce the pH value of soil, increase the penetrating power of soil.At present, adopting and using separately ardealite to improve salt-soda soil method is applied after in salt-soda soil by ardealite, carry out leaching process immediately, the method can improve the soil texture in salt-soda soil to a certain extent, but it is consuming time longer, general needs two triennium ability Planting Crops, and use ardealite process on slight alkaline land after, the germination percentage of crops is still lower and later stage growing way is bad.Someone utilizes ardealite to be mixed with into modifying agent with flyash, humic acid and high nitrogen fertilizer material etc., and the effect obtained is better than using separately ardealite, but high expensive, and effect is still not good enough.Be soil conditioner of producing of raw material and production and preparation method thereof as the application number application for a patent for invention that is 201210522182.X discloses with ardealite, this modifying agent has ardealite, humic acid, ferrous sulfate, urea and sulfuric acid to be mixed, and it has improves soil texture, adjustment soil pH, characteristic such as activation soil nutrient elements and supplementary Trace Elements in Soil calcium, sulphur, iron and zinc etc. to a certain extent.But this modifying agent cost is relatively high, lower to the adjustment force of soil pH.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of hierarchical processing method of salt-soda soil, the method divides three grades to improve salt-soda soil, and the first order adopts ardealite to process salt-soda soil, salinity most in salt-soda soil is taken away, and reduces the pH value in salt-soda soil; The second level adopts rectorite powder, polyaluminium sulfate and ferric-polysilicate to process salt-soda soil, reduces the salt content in salt-soda soil further, the soil texture in effective improvement salt-soda soil; The third level adopts fermentation materials, apatite and amino-acid chelate to process salt-soda soil, further reduces the salt content in salt-soda soil, reduces alkaline land soil pH value.
The present invention realizes above-mentioned technique effect particular by following technical scheme.
The hierarchical processing method in salt-soda soil, comprises the following steps:
(1) rectorite pretreatment: rectorite ball mill ball milling is become fine powder, send into after carrying out ultrasonic process in ultrasonic device, send into the high-temperature calcination 2 ~ 3h with 300 ~ 600 DEG C in calcining tower again, send into after cooling in reactive tank, add acid more in proportion and carry out acidification, obtain rectorite powder;
(2) ferment: oil cake, bacterium chaff and EM microbial inoculum are sent into after mixing in fermentation vat, regulate the moisture 50 ~ 60% of mixture, ferment after 12 ~ 15 days, obtain fermentation materials;
(3) salt-soda soil coagulation: first phosphogypsum powder is broken into 100 ~ 200 object fine powders, then the moisture in salt-soda soil is regulated to be 40 ~ 50%, then phosphogypsum powder is executed at salt-soda soil surface uniform, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 350 ~ 1500kg/ mu, then rotary tillage process is carried out, cover film after 14 ~ 30 days, film is taken away and carries out leaching process;
(4) salt-soda soil two stage treatment: regulate the moisture of saline and alkaline ground surface soil to be after 60 ~ 80%, rectorite powder, polyaluminium sulfate and ferric-polysilicate are evenly executed in salt-soda soil, rectorite powder, polyaluminium sulfate and ferric-polysilicate amount of application are respectively 180 ~ 400kg/ mu, 30 ~ 50kg/ mu, 20 ~ 40kg/ mu, then rotary tillage process is carried out, overlay film after 5 ~ 10 days, then carries out leaching process;
(5) salt-soda soil tertiary treatment: evenly execute fermentation materials, apatite and amino-acid chelate in salt-soda soil, the amount of application of fermentation materials, apatite and amino-acid chelate is respectively 400 ~ 1000kg/ mu, 40 ~ 80kg/ mu, 20 ~ 50kg/ mu, then carries out rotary tillage process.
In described step (1), rectorite ball mill ball milling is become the fine powder of fineness≤0.05mm, then send in ultrasonic device, 20 ~ 40min is processed under ultrasonic power is 600 ~ 1000w, send into the high-temperature calcination 2 ~ 3h with 300 ~ 600 DEG C in calcining tower again, send in reactive tank after cooling, then acidification 30 ~ 100min is carried out in interpolation acid in proportion, obtains rectorite powder.
In described step (1), rectorite be (60 ~ 80) with the weight ratio of acid: (10 ~ 20), and sour for concentration be 30 ~ 40% nitric acid or concentration be the sulfuric acid of 20 ~ 30%.
In described step (2), the weight ratio of oil cake, bacterium chaff and EM microbial inoculum is (80 ~ 120): (20 ~ 40): (0.1 ~ 0.12).
In described step (2), oil cake, bacterium chaff and EM microbial inoculum are sent into after mixing in fermentation vat, regulate the moisture 50 ~ 60% of mixture, ferment in 4 ~ 6 days, controlling fermentation temperature is 40 ~ 50 DEG C, and afterwards, controlling fermentation temperature is 55 ~ 70 DEG C.
In described step (3), for slight alkaline land, the consumption of phosphogypsum powder is 350 ~ 600kg/ mu, for moderate saline-alkali soil, the consumption of phosphogypsum powder is 600 ~ 1000kg/ mu, and for moderate saline-alkali soil, the consumption of phosphogypsum powder is 1000 ~ 1500kg/ mu.
The degree of depth of described rotary tillage is 10 ~ 20cm.
In described step (4), for slight alkaline land, rectorite powder, polyaluminium sulfate and ferric-polysilicate amount of application are respectively 180 ~ 220kg/ mu, 30 ~ 35kg/ mu, 20 ~ 25kg/ mu; For moderate saline-alkali soil, rectorite powder, polyaluminium sulfate and ferric-polysilicate amount of application are respectively 220 ~ 300kg/ mu, 35 ~ 40kg/ mu, 25 ~ 30kg/ mu; For heavy salinized, rectorite powder, polyaluminium sulfate and ferric-polysilicate amount of application are respectively 300 ~ 400kg/ mu, 40 ~ 50kg/ mu, 30 ~ 40kg/ mu.
In described step (5), for slight alkaline land, the amount of application of fermentation materials, apatite and amino-acid chelate is respectively 400 ~ 600kg/ mu, 40 ~ 50kg/ mu, 20 ~ 30kg/ mu; For moderate saline-alkali soil, the amount of application of fermentation materials, apatite and amino-acid chelate is respectively 600 ~ 800kg/ mu, 50 ~ 60kg/ mu, 30 ~ 40kg/ mu; For heavy salinized, the amount of application of fermentation materials, apatite and amino-acid chelate is respectively 800 ~ 1000kg/ mu, 60 ~ 80kg/ mu, 40 ~ 50kg/ mu.
Described rectorite is hydrous alumino silicates, essential element is silicon, aluminium, oxygen, the content of silica is 43 ~ 54%, the content of aluminium oxide is 24 ~ 40%, water content is 8 ~ 15%, and above three summations are 90 ~ 94%, and other composition magnesia, iron oxide, ferrous oxide, sodium oxide molybdena, calcium oxide and potassium oxides are 6 ~ 10%, wherein, sodium oxide content is less than 0.5%.
Described ardealite is the ardealite that Xifeng Heavy Calcium Factory, Kailin Group. Guizhou produces, the content of its calcium sulphate dihydrate is 50.7 ~ 86.2%, the content of total phosphorus pentoxide is 0.01 ~ 13.3%, the content of solubility phosphorus pentoxide is 0.01 ~ 0.68%, magnesian content is 0.23 ~ 0.53%, the content of fluorine ion is 0.12 ~ 0.48%, and pH value is 2.1 ~ 4.6.
In described oil cake containing organic 75 ~ 85%, nitrogen 1.1 ~ 7.0%, phosphorus pentoxide 0.4 ~ 3.0%, potassium oxide 0.9 ~ 2.1%, protein be 1.5 ~ 3.7%, crude fibre 6 ~ 10.7%, calcium 0.8 ~ 11%, choline 0.27 ~ 0.70%, nicotinic acid 0.6 ~ 1.2% and other vitamin substances 1.3 ~ 2.0.
In described bacterium chaff containing crude protein be 9.0 ~ 11.0%, crude fibre 6.0 ~ 7.0%, crude fat 0.1 ~ 0.2%, NFE 45 ~ 50%, calcium 3.0 ~ 3.5%, phosphorus 2.0 ~ 3.0%, lysine 1.0 ~ 1.5%, tryptophan 0.5 ~ 0.8%, methionine ten cystine 1. ~ 1.5% and coarse ash 8.0 ~ 10.0%.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1. the present invention is when carrying out coagulation to salt-soda soil, by first regulating the moisture in salt-soda soil, again by after the table in ardealite and salt-soda soil soil Homogeneous phase mixing, overlay film moisturizing a period of time, make sodium acid carbonate free in ardealite and soil, sodium carbonate fully reacts, generate calcium bicarbonate, calcium phosphate and sodium sulphate are to reduce surface soil alkalinity, sodium ion in colloidal complex replaces out by calcium ion, sodium-clay is become calcium-clay, reduce P in soil H value, activate soil nutrient elements activity and supplementary Trace Elements in Soil etc., and promote the formation of soil aggregate, prevent soil epidermis from crusting, increase the penetrating power of soil, and then carry out leaching process again, moisture can penetrate in soil smoothly, the harmful ions such as the sodium ion in soil are taken away, the content of sodium ion in soil is made to reduce by more than 50%, greatly reduce the salinization of soil degree in salt-soda soil.
2. the present invention is when carrying out two stage treatment to salt-soda soil, adopt in salt-soda soil, use rectorite powder, the method of polyaluminium sulfate and ferric-polysilicate improves salt-soda soil, polyaluminium sulfate and ferric-polysilicate are used together with rectorite, there is the significant effect strengthening rectorite adsorption capacity, can sodium colloidal particles in strong adsorption salt-soda soil, make sodium coacervation of colloid, in and the electric charge of sodium colloid surface, sodium colloid is become attracting from repelling each other, collide between sodium colloidal particles, thus destroy the stability of sodium colloid, thus promote that sodium ion in colloidal complex replaces out by hydrogen ion and calcium ion, sodium-clay is become calcium-clay, greatly strengthen the improved effect in salt-soda soil.
3. the present invention is when carrying out tertiary treatment to salt-soda soil, the fermentation materials prepared by oil cake and bacterium chaff is used in salt-soda soil, apatite and amino-acid chelate, ardealite residual in these three kinds of materials and salt-soda soil occurs to act synergistically widely, effectively can reduce the pH value in salt-soda soil and salt content, soil can be improved, increase fertility, help to increase the space that air and water can be allowed to enter, decompose mineral and produce the necessary nitrogen of plant, sulphur, potassium and phosphorus, in addition, these three kinds of materials itself are containing abundant nutrient, kind and the content thereof of salt-soda soil Middle nutrition element can be increased.
4. rectorite has stronger cation exchange capacity (CEC) and adsorption capacity, find after deliberation, by rectorite through ultrasonic, after high temperature and acidification, significantly enhance the cation exchange in rectorite interlamination region, cation stripping specific area increases, a large amount of scission of links that in octahedron, aluminium dehydroxylation produces make tired de-stone increased activity, the adsorption capacity of rectorite and chemism obtain larger raising, the Cation adsorption that rectorite exchanges is at illite near surface, thus cationic reverse exchange capacity weakens, and acidification can reduce the pH value of rectorite, rectorite powder is executed in salt-soda soil, rectorite powder can adsorb sodium colloidal particles, hydrogen ion in rectorite powder and calcium ion are by the sodium ion exchange in sodium colloidal particles out, and form sodium base rectorite, not only reduce sodium ions content in salt-soda soil, reduce pH value, promote the formation of soil aggregate, improve the physicochemical property of soil, and the sodium base rectorite generated has the ability of extremely strong Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions, thus content of beary metal in soil water solution effectively can be avoided too high and affect the metabolism of plant and grow.
5. the present invention improves salt-soda soil by adopting three-step approach, and reduce the salt content in salt-soda soil step by step, practice shows, the method effectively can reduce the salt content in salt-soda soil, makes the salt content in salt-soda soil reduce by 57 ~ 66%.
6. primary raw material ardealite of the present invention, oil cake, rectorite and bacterium chaff etc. are not only cheap, and wide material sources, particularly ardealite and oil cake are used, effectively can solve the stacking of ardealite and oil cake and the Cost Problems brought and problem of environmental pollution.
Test is adopted to verify beneficial effect of the present invention below:
Ardealite used is the ardealite that Xifeng Heavy Calcium Factory, Kailin Group. Guizhou produces, the content of its calcium sulphate dihydrate is 67.8%, the content of total phosphorus pentoxide is 6.1%, the content of solubility phosphorus pentoxide is 0.44%, magnesian content is 0.39%, the content of fluorine ion is 0.31%, and pH value is 3.7.In oil cake used containing organic 81%, nitrogen 4.5%, phosphorus pentoxide 2.3%, potassium oxide 1.9%, protein be 2.7%, crude fibre 6.8%, calcium 3.1%, choline 0.39%, nicotinic acid 0.9% and other vitamin substances 1.6.With the salt-soda soil on Bing Jie farm, Haixing County for experimental plot, it is 0.40% that its 0 ~ 20cm shows native total salt content, measures its ion component content, and wherein, pH acidometer measures, and EC value conductivity gauge measures; Ca
2+and Mg
2+mensuration adopt EDTA titration; K
+and Na
+measure and adopt flame spectrometry; HCO
3 -and CO
3 2-adopt Dual-indicator neutralization titration; Cl
-mensuration adopt silver nitrate titration method; SO
4 2-mensuration adopt the method for EDTA indirect compleximetric determination.Measurement result is as table 1, and following table result is the mean value of 3 replications.
Table 1 soil ion composition analysis
Wherein, total amount percentage refers to the percentage that anion accounts for total anion total amount, and cation accounts for the percentage of cation total amount.
Test one
Divided into groups in this experimental plot, the area often organizing experimental plot is 300m
2, processing method is as follows:
The different leaching time of table 2 is on the impact in experimental plot
As can be seen from the table, leaching again after aluminum coated steel a period of time, not only in the pH value reducing soil to a greater extent, and can significantly can reduce the total salt content of soil.Test shows: after using ardealite, overlay film carries out leaching in 14 days again, the decline of soil pH value and total salt content is the most obvious, and along with the increase of overlay film time, and the amount of the slippage of soil pH value and total salt content and overlay film 14 days leaching does not again have much changes.
Test two:
Divided into groups in experimental plot, the area often organizing experimental plot is 300m
2, processing method is as follows:
Table 3 different phosphate gypsum amount of application is to the improved effect in salt-soda soil
As can be seen from the above table, when the amount of application of ardealite is less than 600kg/ mu, its soil pH value and total salt content decline very fast, and the amount of application of ardealite is when being greater than 600kg/ mu, the degree change that soil pH value and total salt content decline is little, therefore, when the amount of application of ardealite is 600 ~ 1000kg/ mu, best results.
Test three
The moisture of the saline and alkaline ground surface soil after test group four in test two being processed is after 70%, rectorite powder, polyaluminium sulfate and ferric-polysilicate are evenly executed in salt-soda soil, then rotary tillage process is carried out, overlay film is after 8 days, carry out leaching process again, the result of process and the consumption of rectorite powder, polyaluminium sulfate and ferric-polysilicate are in table 4.
Table 4 different ratios of raw materials is to the improved effect in salt-soda soil
The numerical value that in upper table, pH value declines and the numerical value that salt content declines refer to the numerical value declined to above-mentioned improvement before salt-soda soil is not improved.As can be seen from the above table, rectorite powder, polyaluminium sulfate and ferric-polysilicate amount of application are less than 220kg/ mu respectively, 35kg/ mu, during 25kg/ mu, alkaline land soil pH value and total salt content decline very fast, and rectorite powder, polyaluminium sulfate and ferric-polysilicate amount of application are greater than 220kg/ mu respectively, 35kg/ mu, during 25kg/ mu, the degree change that soil pH value and total salt content decline is little, therefore, rectorite powder, polyaluminium sulfate and ferric-polysilicate amount of application are respectively 220 ~ 300kg/ mu, 35 ~ 40kg/ mu, 25 ~ 30kg/ mu, best results.
What illustrate is, above-mentioned experiment is only used to verify beneficial effect of the present invention and enumerate several test example, and the test done to complete the present invention is far above in this, simultaneously, above-mentioned test just illustrates, does not form any pro forma restriction of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Conveniently those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.Embodiment is only illustrating this invention, is not limitation of the invention, and the step not doing in embodiment to illustrate is all prior arts, is not described in detail at this.
Embodiment one
The hierarchical processing method in salt-soda soil, comprises the following steps:
(1) rectorite pretreatment: fine powder rectorite ball mill ball milling being become fineness≤0.05mm, then send in ultrasonic device, 20min is processed under ultrasonic power is 600w, send into the high-temperature calcination 2h with 300 DEG C in calcining tower again, send in reactive tank after cooling, then carry out acidification 30min by acid adding, obtain rectorite powder, described rectorite with acid weight ratio be 60:10, and acid for concentration be the nitric acid of 30%;
(2) ferment: oil cake, bacterium chaff and EM microbial inoculum are sent into after mixing in fermentation vat, regulate the moisture 50% of mixture, ferment in 4 days, controlling fermentation temperature is 40 DEG C, 8 days afterwards, controlling fermentation temperature is 55 DEG C, and obtain fermentation materials, the weight ratio of described oil cake, bacterium chaff and EM microbial inoculum is 80:20:0.1;
(3) salt-soda soil coagulation: first phosphogypsum powder is broken into 100 object fine powders, then the moisture in salt-soda soil is regulated to be 40%, then phosphogypsum powder is executed at salt-soda soil surface uniform, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 350kg/ mu, then rotary tillage process is carried out, the degree of depth of rotary tillage is 10cm, covers film after 14 days, is taken away by film and carry out leaching process;
(4) salt-soda soil two stage treatment: regulate the moisture of saline and alkaline ground surface soil to be after 60%, rectorite powder, polyaluminium sulfate and ferric-polysilicate are evenly executed in salt-soda soil, rectorite powder, polyaluminium sulfate and ferric-polysilicate amount of application are respectively 180kg/ mu, 30kg/ mu, 20kg/ mu, then rotary tillage process is carried out, overlay film after 5 days, then carries out leaching process;
(5) salt-soda soil tertiary treatment: evenly execute fermentation materials, apatite and amino-acid chelate in salt-soda soil, the amount of application of fermentation materials, apatite and amino-acid chelate is respectively 400kg/ mu, 40kg/ mu, 20kg/ mu, then carries out rotary tillage process.
For slight alkaline land, after adopting the method to process, the salt content in salt-soda soil declines 57 ~ 61%, and pH value declines 0.8 ~ 1.1.
Embodiment two
The hierarchical processing method in salt-soda soil, comprises the following steps:
(1) rectorite pretreatment: fine powder rectorite ball mill ball milling being become fineness≤0.05mm, then send in ultrasonic device, 40min is processed under ultrasonic power is 1000w, send into the high-temperature calcination 3h with 600 DEG C in calcining tower again, send in reactive tank after cooling, then carry out acidification 100min by acid adding, obtain rectorite powder, described rectorite with acid weight ratio be 80:20, and acid for concentration be the sulfuric acid of 30%;
(2) ferment: oil cake, bacterium chaff and EM microbial inoculum are sent into after mixing in fermentation vat, regulate the moisture 60% of mixture, ferment in 6 days, controlling fermentation temperature is 50 DEG C, 9 days afterwards, controlling fermentation temperature is 70 DEG C, and obtain fermentation materials, the weight ratio of described oil cake, bacterium chaff and EM microbial inoculum is 120:40:0.12;
(3) salt-soda soil coagulation: first phosphogypsum powder is broken into 200 object fine powders, then the moisture in salt-soda soil is regulated to be 50%, then phosphogypsum powder is executed at salt-soda soil surface uniform, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 1500kg/ mu, then rotary tillage process is carried out, the degree of depth of rotary tillage is 20cm, covers film after 30 days, is taken away by film and carry out leaching process;
(4) salt-soda soil two stage treatment: regulate the moisture of saline and alkaline ground surface soil to be after 80%, rectorite powder, polyaluminium sulfate and ferric-polysilicate are evenly executed in salt-soda soil, rectorite powder, polyaluminium sulfate and ferric-polysilicate amount of application are respectively 400kg/ mu, 50kg/ mu, 40kg/ mu, then rotary tillage process is carried out, overlay film after 10 days, then carries out leaching process;
(5) salt-soda soil tertiary treatment: evenly execute fermentation materials, apatite and amino-acid chelate in salt-soda soil, the amount of application of fermentation materials, apatite and amino-acid chelate is respectively 1000kg/ mu, 80kg/ mu, 50kg/ mu, then carries out rotary tillage process.
For heavy salinized, after adopting the method to process, the salt content in salt-soda soil declines 62 ~ 66%, and pH value declines 0.9 ~ 1.2.
Embodiment three
The hierarchical processing method in salt-soda soil, comprises the following steps:
(1) rectorite pretreatment: fine powder rectorite ball mill ball milling being become fineness≤0.05mm, then send in ultrasonic device, 30min is processed under ultrasonic power is 800w, send into the high-temperature calcination 3h with 600 DEG C in calcining tower again, send in reactive tank after cooling, then carry out acidification 80min by acid adding, obtain rectorite powder, described rectorite with acid weight ratio be 70:15, and acid for concentration be 35% nitric acid or concentration be the sulfuric acid of 25%;
(2) ferment: oil cake, bacterium chaff and EM microbial inoculum are sent into after mixing in fermentation vat, regulate the moisture 55% of mixture, ferment in 5 days, controlling fermentation temperature is 45 DEG C, 10 days afterwards, controlling fermentation temperature is 65 DEG C, and obtain fermentation materials, the weight ratio of described oil cake, bacterium chaff and EM microbial inoculum is 90:30:0.11;
(3) salt-soda soil coagulation: first phosphogypsum powder is broken into 120 object fine powders, then the moisture in salt-soda soil is regulated to be 45%, then phosphogypsum powder is executed at salt-soda soil surface uniform, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 600kg/ mu, then rotary tillage process is carried out, the degree of depth of rotary tillage is 15cm, covers film after 20 days, is taken away by film and carry out leaching process;
(4) salt-soda soil two stage treatment: regulate the moisture of saline and alkaline ground surface soil to be after 70%, rectorite powder, polyaluminium sulfate and ferric-polysilicate are evenly executed in salt-soda soil, rectorite powder, polyaluminium sulfate and ferric-polysilicate amount of application are respectively 300kg/ mu, 40kg/ mu, 30kg/ mu, then rotary tillage process is carried out, overlay film after 8 days, then carries out leaching process;
(5) salt-soda soil tertiary treatment: evenly execute fermentation materials, apatite and amino-acid chelate in salt-soda soil, the amount of application of fermentation materials, apatite and amino-acid chelate is respectively 600kg/ mu, 60kg/ mu, 40kg/ mu, then carries out rotary tillage process.
For moderate saline-alkali soil, after adopting the method to process, the salt content in salt-soda soil declines 59 ~ 63%, and pH value declines 0.8 ~ 1.1.
The above, it is only better example of the present invention, not any pro forma restriction is done to the present invention, anyly do not depart from technical solution of the present invention content, the any simple modification done above example according to technical spirit of the present invention, coversion material equivalent variations and modification, all still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the hierarchical processing method in salt-soda soil, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) rectorite pretreatment: rectorite ball mill ball milling is become fine powder, send into after carrying out ultrasonic process in ultrasonic device, send into the high-temperature calcination 2 ~ 3h with 300 ~ 600 DEG C in calcining tower again, send into after cooling in reactive tank, add acid more in proportion and carry out acidification, obtain rectorite powder;
(2) ferment: oil cake, bacterium chaff and EM microbial inoculum are sent into after mixing in fermentation vat, regulate the moisture 50 ~ 60% of mixture, ferment after 12 ~ 15 days, obtain fermentation materials;
(3) salt-soda soil coagulation: first phosphogypsum powder is broken into 100 ~ 200 object fine powders, then the moisture in salt-soda soil is regulated to be 40 ~ 50%, then phosphogypsum powder is executed at salt-soda soil surface uniform, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 350 ~ 1500kg/ mu, then rotary tillage process is carried out, cover film after 14 ~ 30 days, film is taken away and carries out leaching process;
(4) salt-soda soil two stage treatment: regulate the moisture of saline and alkaline ground surface soil to be after 60 ~ 80%, rectorite powder, polyaluminium sulfate and ferric-polysilicate are evenly executed in salt-soda soil, rectorite powder, polyaluminium sulfate and ferric-polysilicate amount of application are respectively 180 ~ 400kg/ mu, 30 ~ 50kg/ mu, 20 ~ 40kg/ mu, then rotary tillage process is carried out, overlay film after 5 ~ 10 days, then carries out leaching process;
(5) salt-soda soil tertiary treatment: evenly execute fermentation materials, apatite and amino-acid chelate in salt-soda soil, the amount of application of fermentation materials, apatite and amino-acid chelate is respectively 400 ~ 1000kg/ mu, 40 ~ 80kg/ mu, 20 ~ 50kg/ mu, then carries out rotary tillage process.
2. the hierarchical processing method in salt-soda soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (1), rectorite ball mill ball milling is become the fine powder of fineness≤0.05mm, then send in ultrasonic device, under ultrasonic power is 600 ~ 1000w, processes 20 ~ 40min, send into the high-temperature calcination 2 ~ 3h with 300 ~ 600 DEG C in calcining tower again, send in reactive tank after cooling, then acidification 30 ~ 100min is carried out in interpolation acid in proportion, obtains rectorite powder.
3. the hierarchical processing method in salt-soda soil as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, in described step (1), rectorite be (60 ~ 80) with the weight ratio of acid: (10 ~ 20), and sour for concentration be 30 ~ 40% nitric acid or concentration be the sulfuric acid of 20 ~ 30%.
4. the hierarchical processing method in salt-soda soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (2), the weight ratio of oil cake, bacterium chaff and EM microbial inoculum is (80 ~ 120): (20 ~ 40): (0.1 ~ 0.12).
5. the hierarchical processing method in salt-soda soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (2), oil cake, bacterium chaff and EM microbial inoculum are sent into after mixing in fermentation vat, regulate the moisture 50 ~ 60% of mixture, ferment in 4 ~ 6 days, controlling fermentation temperature is 40 ~ 50 DEG C, afterwards, controlling fermentation temperature is 55 ~ 70 DEG C.
6. the hierarchical processing method in salt-soda soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (3), for slight alkaline land, the consumption of phosphogypsum powder is 350 ~ 600kg/ mu, and for moderate saline-alkali soil, the consumption of phosphogypsum powder is 600 ~ 1000kg/ mu, for moderate saline-alkali soil, the consumption of phosphogypsum powder is 1000 ~ 1500kg/ mu.
7. the hierarchical processing method in salt-soda soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the degree of depth of described rotary tillage is 10 ~ 20cm.
8. the hierarchical processing method in salt-soda soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (4), for slight alkaline land, rectorite powder, polyaluminium sulfate and ferric-polysilicate amount of application are respectively 180 ~ 220kg/ mu, 30 ~ 35kg/ mu, 20 ~ 25kg/ mu; For moderate saline-alkali soil, rectorite powder, polyaluminium sulfate and ferric-polysilicate amount of application are respectively 220 ~ 300kg/ mu, 35 ~ 40kg/ mu, 25 ~ 30kg/ mu; For heavy salinized, rectorite powder, polyaluminium sulfate and ferric-polysilicate amount of application are respectively 300 ~ 400kg/ mu, 40 ~ 50kg/ mu, 30 ~ 40kg/ mu.
9. the hierarchical processing method in salt-soda soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (5), for slight alkaline land, the amount of application of fermentation materials, apatite and amino-acid chelate is respectively 400 ~ 600kg/ mu, 40 ~ 50kg/ mu, 20 ~ 30kg/ mu; For moderate saline-alkali soil, the amount of application of fermentation materials, apatite and amino-acid chelate is respectively 600 ~ 800kg/ mu, 50 ~ 60kg/ mu, 30 ~ 40kg/ mu; For heavy salinized, the amount of application of fermentation materials, apatite and amino-acid chelate is respectively 800 ~ 1000kg/ mu, 60 ~ 80kg/ mu, 40 ~ 50kg/ mu.
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