CN105062499A - Three-step improvement method for saline alkali soil - Google Patents
Three-step improvement method for saline alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-step improvement method for saline alkali soil. According to the method, the saline alkali soil is improved through three steps that firstly, the saline alkali soil is treated through ardealite, most of salt is taken away from the saline alkali soil, and the pH value of the saline alkali soil is lowered; secondly, the saline alkali soil is treated through bagasse absorption agents, polysilicon acid ferric sulfate, poly-aluminum ferric silicate sulfate and kieselguhr, the content of the salt and the pH value of the saline alkali soil are further lowered, and the soil structure of the saline alkali soil is improved effectively; thirdly, fermentation materials such as mushroom bran and oil cakes are adopted for treatment, the content of the salt in the saline alkali soil is further lowered, the pH value of the saline alkali soil is lowered, the content and category of microorganisms are increased for the saline alkali soil, and the content of organic matter of the saline alkali soil is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the improving technology field in saltings, specifically, relate to a kind of three step modification methods of saltings.
Background technology
Saltings be saline land with alkali ground general name.Solonchak mainly refers to chloride or the higher salinization soil of vitriol, and soil is in alkalescence, but pH value is not necessarily very high.Refer to carbonate containing or heavy phosphatic soil, pH value is higher, and soil is in alkalescence alkali.The organic content in saltings is few, and soil fertility is low, and physicochemical character is poor, and the anions and canons harmful to crop is many, and crop is short seedling not easily.The area in saltings, the whole world is 9.5438 hundred million hectares, and wherein China is 9,913 ten thousand hectares.The formation of China's alkali ground and alkali-affected soil, major part is accumulative relevant with Carbonates In Soil, and thus basicity is general higher, and serious saltings regional plant almost can not be survived.The salinization in soil has been worldwide ecological problem, and the saline Land degree in current global range is obvious ascendant trend, and the salinization in soil has become the important limiting factor of world agriculture Sustainable development.For the improvement in saltings, conventional method has: 1, the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, and the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is poured into water in saltings exactly, and soil salt is dissolved, by under being oozed and be discharged in deep soil or drip washing is gone out saline and alkaline for the solubility in topsoil, infiltration waterways, side is got rid of; 2, level land, level land under can making uniform moisture and ooze, improve the effect that rainfall is drenched salt and irrigated the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, prevent the salinification of soil plaque-like; 3, rake the soil level, the table soil that can loosen of raking the soil level, blocks soil capillary water and carries salinity to earth's surface, play the effect preventing the accumulation of salt in the surface soil in good time; 4, applying organic manure, rational use of chemical fertilizer, fertilizer forms soil ulmin through microbial decomposition, conversion, can improve the surge capability of soil, and can form sodium humate with sodium carbonate effect, reduces surface soil alkalinity.5, effectively can improve soil with saltings special-purpose soil amendment " solodization ".
Phosphogypsum is the by product in production process of phosphoric acid, often produce one ton of Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES by-product, five tons of phosphogypsums, utilization at present for phosphogypsum mainly contains four aspects, 1, phosphoric acid cream is used for backfill pit, fill mine working with phosphogypsum, fill cost and account for 1/5 of mining cost, not only saved filling cost, and improve utilization of three wastes rate, decrease environmental pollution.But, due to factors such as phosphogypsum jelling agent casting resin viscosity is high, sedimentation fast, condensation is fast, many, the easy pluggings of fine particle, difficult cleanings; 2, by the agent of phosphogypsum production Flocculated Cement, the crystal habit of phosphogypsum is identical with the plaster of paris, for prismatic or cylindricality plate crystal, chemical composition and plaster of paris composition basic simlarity, but due to containing solubility Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, phosphoric acid salt, soluble fluoride, insoluble Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES and organic impurity etc., the hydration time of cement can be extended, reduce early strength and extend time of coagulation, therefore phosphogypsum directly can not be used as the retardant of cement; 3, by phosphogypsum sulphur ammonium and calcium carbonate, the method utilizes ammonia and carbonic acid gas that phosphogypsum is changed into sulphur ammonium and calcium carbonate, and the specification of quality of the method to phosphogypsum is higher, and Production Flow Chart is long, and investment is large; 4, phosphogypsum is used for improve alkaline soil, containing Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES in phosphogypsum, cause phosphogypsum aobvious acid, its pH value is 1.5 ~ 4.5, can be used to the alkalescence in sweetening of the soil, and the compositions such as the phosphorus contained in phosphogypsum, iron, magnesium, silicon, zinc, sulphur and the calcium nutritive element that to be plant-growth necessary.
Phosphogypsum is utilized and improves saltings, after phosphogypsum is manured into soil, can be the solubility calcium that soil provides sufficient, sodium ion in colloidal complex is replaced out, thus the basicity in reduction soil, promote the formation of soil aggregate, prevent soil epidermis from crusting, reduce the pH value of soil, increase the penetrating power of soil.At present, adopting and using separately phosphogypsum to improve saltings method is applied after in saltings by phosphogypsum, carry out leaching process immediately, the method can improve the Soil structure in saltings to a certain extent, but it is consuming time longer, general needs two triennium ability Planting Crops, and use phosphogypsum process on slight alkaline land after, the percentage of germination of farm crop is still lower and later stage growing way is bad.Someone utilizes phosphogypsum to be mixed with into modifying agent with flyash, humic acid and high nitrogen fertilizer material etc., and the effect obtained is better than using separately phosphogypsum, but high expensive, and effect is still not good enough.Be the soil improvement agent and production and preparation method thereof of raw material production as the application number application for a patent for invention that is 201210522182.X discloses with phosphogypsum, this modifying agent has phosphogypsum, humic acid, ferrous sulfate, urea and sulfuric acid to be mixed, and it has improves Soil structure, adjustment soil pH, characteristic such as activation soil nutrient elements and supplementary Trace Elements in Soil calcium, sulphur, iron and zinc etc. to a certain extent.But this modifying agent cost is relatively high, lower to the adjustment force of soil pH.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of three step modification methods of saltings, the method divides three steps to improve saltings, and the first step adopts phosphogypsum to process saltings, salinity most in saltings is taken away, and reduces the pH value in saltings; Second step adopts bagasse sorbent material, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate, polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate and diatomite to process saltings, reduces the salt content in saltings and the pH value in saltings further, thus the Soil structure in effective improvement saltings; 3rd step adopts the fermentation materials of bacterium chaff and oil cake to process, and further reduces the salt content in saltings, reduces alkaline land soil pH value, and increases content and the kind of microorganism to saltings, increases the organic content in saltings.
The present invention realizes above-mentioned technique effect particular by following technical scheme.
The three step modification methods in saltings, comprise the following steps:
(1) bagasse pre-treatment: bagasse is sent in high-pressure sterilizing pot, and add second alcohol and water, after sterilising treatment for some time, cross leaching filter residue, after being mixed with nitric acid by filter residue, then the adjust ph that adds water is after 5 ~ 5.5, adds cellulase and carries out enzymolysis, the dry materials obtain enzymolysis and pulverizing, obtain bagasse sorbent material;
(2) ferment: oil cake, bacterium chaff and EM microbial inoculum are sent into after mixing in fermentation vat, regulate the moisture content 50 ~ 60% of mixture, ferment after 12 ~ 15 days, obtain fermentation materials;
(3) saltings coagulation: first phosphogypsum powder is broken into 100 ~ 200 object fine powders, then the moisture content in saltings is regulated to be 40 ~ 50%, then phosphogypsum powder is executed at saltings surface uniform, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 350 ~ 1500kg/ mu, then rotary tillage process is carried out, cover film after 14 ~ 30 days, film is taken away and carries out leaching process;
(4) saltings second-stage treatment: regulate the moisture content of saline and alkaline ground surface soil to be after 60 ~ 80%, bagasse sorbent material, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate, polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate and diatomite are evenly executed in saltings, then carry out rotary tillage process, overlay film after 5 ~ 10 days, then carries out leaching process;
(5) saltings tertiary treatment: evenly execute fermentation materials in saltings, then carry out rotary tillage process.
In described step (1), the weight ratio of bagasse, nitric acid, ethanol and cellulase is (80 ~ 100): (10 ~ 20): (20 ~ 30): (2 ~ 2.5).
In described step (2), the weight ratio of oil cake, bacterium chaff and EM microbial inoculum is (80 ~ 120): (20 ~ 40): (0.1 ~ 0.12).
In described step (2), oil cake, bacterium chaff and EM microbial inoculum are sent into after mixing in fermentation vat, regulate the moisture content 50 ~ 60% of mixture, ferment in 4 ~ 6 days, controlling leavening temperature is 40 ~ 50 DEG C, and afterwards, controlling leavening temperature is 55 ~ 70 DEG C.
In described step (3), for slight alkaline land, the consumption of phosphogypsum powder is 350 ~ 600kg/ mu, for moderate saline-alkali soil, the consumption of phosphogypsum powder is 600 ~ 1000kg/ mu, and for heavy salinized, the consumption of phosphogypsum powder is 1000 ~ 1500kg/ mu.
The degree of depth of institute's rotary tillage is 10 ~ 20cm.
In described step (4), bagasse sorbent material, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate, polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate and diatomaceous amount of application are respectively 60 ~ 120kg/ mu, 20 ~ 40kg/ mu, 30 ~ 50kg/ mu, 10 ~ 20kg/ mu.
In described step (4), for slight alkaline land, bagasse sorbent material, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate, polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate and diatomaceous amount of application are respectively 60 ~ 70kg/ mu, 20 ~ 25kg/ mu, 30 ~ 35kg/ mu, 10 ~ 14kg/ mu; For moderate saline-alkali soil, bagasse sorbent material, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate, polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate and diatomaceous amount of application are respectively 70 ~ 90kg/ mu, 25 ~ 30kg/ mu, 35 ~ 40kg/ mu, 12 ~ 16kg/ mu; For heavy salinized, bagasse sorbent material, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate, polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate and diatomaceous amount of application are respectively 90 ~ 120kg/ mu, 30 ~ 40kg/ mu, 40 ~ 50kg/ mu, 16 ~ 20kg/ mu.
In described step (5), the amount of application of fermentation materials is 400 ~ 1000kg/ mu.
In described step (5), for slight alkaline land, the amount of application of fermentation materials is 400 ~ 600kg/ mu; For moderate saline-alkali soil, the amount of application of fermentation materials is 600 ~ 800kg/ mu; For heavy salinized, the amount of application of fermentation materials is 800 ~ 1000kg/ mu.
Described phosphogypsum is the phosphogypsum that Xifeng Heavy Calcium Factory, Kailin Group. Guizhou produces, the content of its terra alba is 50.7 ~ 86.2%, the content of total Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES is 0.01 ~ 13.3%, the content of solubility Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES is 0.01 ~ 0.68%, magnesian content is 0.23 ~ 0.53%, the content of fluorion is 0.12 ~ 0.48%, and pH value is 2.1 ~ 4.6.
In described oil cake containing organic 75 ~ 85%, nitrogen 1.1 ~ 7.0%, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 0.4 ~ 3.0%, potassium oxide 0.9 ~ 2.1%, protein be 1.5 ~ 3.7%, robust fibre 6 ~ 10.7%, calcium 0.8 ~ 11%, choline 0.27 ~ 0.70%, nicotinic acid 0.6 ~ 1.2% and other vitamin substances 1.3 ~ 2.0.
In described bacterium chaff containing crude protein be 9.0 ~ 11.0%, robust fibre 6.0 ~ 7.0%, crude fat 0.1 ~ 0.2%, nitrogen-free extract 45 ~ 50%, calcium 3.0 ~ 3.5%, phosphorus 2.0 ~ 3.0%, Methionin 1.0 ~ 1.5%, tryptophane 0.5 ~ 0.8%, methionine(Met) ten Gelucystine 1. ~ 1.5% and coarse ash 8.0 ~ 10.0%.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1. the present invention is when carrying out coagulation to saltings, by first regulating the moisture content in saltings, again by after the table in phosphogypsum and saltings soil Homogeneous phase mixing, overlay film moisturizing for some time, make sodium bicarbonate free in phosphogypsum and soil, sodium carbonate fully reacts, generate Calcium hydrogen carbonate, calcium phosphate and sodium sulfate are to reduce surface soil alkalinity, sodium ion in colloidal complex replaces out by calcium ion, sodium-clay is become calcium-clay, reduce P in soil H value, activate soil nutrient elements activity and supplementary Trace Elements in Soil etc., and promote the formation of soil aggregate, prevent soil epidermis from crusting, increase the penetrating power of soil, and then carry out leaching process again, moisture can penetrate in soil smoothly, the harmful ions such as the sodium ion in soil are taken away, the content of sodium ion in soil is made to reduce by more than 50%, greatly reduce the salinization degree in saltings.
2. the present invention is when carrying out second-stage treatment to saltings, adopt in saltings, use bagasse sorbent material, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate, polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate and diatomaceous method improve saltings, find through research, bagasse has the ability of stronger absorption colloidal particle, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate, polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate and diatomite have the significant effect strengthening bagasse adsorptive power, by bagasse, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate, polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate and diatomite mixing are executed in saltings, can sodium colloidal particle in strong adsorption saltings, make sodium coacervation of colloid, in and the electric charge of sodium colloid surface, sodium colloid is become attracting from repelling each other, collide between sodium colloidal particle, thus destroy the stability of sodium colloid, thus promote that sodium ion in colloidal complex replaces out by calcium ion, sodium-clay is become calcium-clay, again after leaching process, sodium ion enters soil layer depths with water or flows away with water, thus the salt content in reduction saltings, and when later stage saltings moisture content reduces, do not adsorbed by bagasse by the sodium ion that water-band is walked on a small quantity, thus the salt content further reduced in soil water solution, using of bagasse can also play good water conservation and the effect suppressing the accumulation of salt in the surface soil.
3. by bagasse after autoclaving and nitric acid treatment, add cellulase again and carry out enzymolysis, the time that bagasse is decomposed by the microorganisms can not only be extended, 1 ~ 2 year can be reached, reduce the pH value of bagasse, bagasse is executed in saltings, the pH value in saltings can be reduced, and the adsorptive power of bagasse to sodium colloid can be increased.
4. the present invention is when carrying out tertiary treatment to saltings, the fermentation materials prepared by oil cake and bacterium chaff is used in saltings, phosphogypsum residual in this fermentation materials and saltings occurs to act synergistically widely, effectively can reduce the pH value in saltings and salt content, soil can be improved, increase fertility, help to increase the space that sky G&W can be allowed to enter, decompose mineral and produce plant necessary nitrogen, sulphur, potassium and phosphorus.
5. the present invention improves saltings by adopting three-step approach, progressively removes the salinity in saltings, effectively can reduce the salt content in saltings, makes the salt content in saltings decline 57 ~ 64%.
6. main raw material phosphogypsum of the present invention, oil cake, bagasse and bacterium chaff etc. are not only cheap, and wide material sources, particularly phosphogypsum and oil cake are used, effectively can solve the stacking of phosphogypsum and oil cake and the Cost Problems brought and problem of environmental pollution.
Test is adopted to verify beneficial effect of the present invention below:
Phosphogypsum used is the phosphogypsum that Xifeng Heavy Calcium Factory, Kailin Group. Guizhou produces, the content of its terra alba is 67.8%, the content of total Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES is 6.1%, the content of solubility Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES is 0.44%, magnesian content is 0.39%, the content of fluorion is 0.31%, and pH value is 3.7.In oil cake used containing organic 81%, nitrogen 4.5%, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 2.3%, potassium oxide 1.9%, protein be 2.7%, robust fibre 6.8%, calcium 3.1%, choline 0.39%, nicotinic acid 0.9% and other vitamin substances 1.6.With the saltings on Bing Jie farm, Haixing County for experimental plot, it is 0.40% that its 0 ~ 20cm shows native total salt content, measures its ion component content, and wherein, pH acidometer measures, and EC value conductivity meter measures; Ca
2+and Mg
2+mensuration adopt EDTA volumetry; K
+and Na
+measure and adopt flame photometry; HCO
3 -and CO
3 2-adopt Dual-indicator neutralization titration; Cl
-mensuration adopt silver nitrate titration method; SO
4 2-mensuration adopt the method for EDTA indirect compleximetric determination.Measurement result is as table 1, and following table result is the mean value of 3 replications.
Table 1 soil ion compositional analysis
Wherein, total amount per-cent refers to the per-cent that negatively charged ion accounts for total negatively charged ion total amount, and positively charged ion accounts for the per-cent of positively charged ion total amount.
Test one
Divided into groups in this experimental plot, the area often organizing experimental plot is 300m
2, treatment process is as follows:
The different leaching time of table 2 is on the impact in experimental plot
As can be seen from the table, leaching again after aluminum coated steel for some time, not only in the pH value reducing soil to a greater extent, and can significantly can reduce the total salt content of soil.Test shows: after using phosphogypsum, overlay film carries out leaching in 14 days again, the decline of soil pH value and total salt content is the most obvious, and along with the increase of overlay film time, and the amount of the slippage of soil pH value and total salt content and overlay film 14 days leaching does not again have much changes.
Test two:
Divided into groups in experimental plot, the area often organizing experimental plot is 300m
2, treatment process is as follows:
Table 3 different phosphate gypsum amount of application is to the improved effect in saltings
As can be seen from the above table, when the amount of application of phosphogypsum is less than 600kg/ mu, its soil pH value and total salt content decline very fast, and the amount of application of phosphogypsum is when being greater than 600kg/ mu, the degree change that soil pH value and total salt content decline is little, therefore, when the amount of application of phosphogypsum is 600 ~ 1000kg/ mu, best results.
Test three
The moisture content of the saline and alkaline ground surface soil after test group four in test two being processed is after 70%, bagasse sorbent material, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate, polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate and diatomite are evenly executed in saltings, then rotary tillage process is carried out, overlay film is after 8 days, carry out leaching process again, the result of process and bagasse sorbent material, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate, polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate and diatomaceous consumption are in table 4.
Table 4 different ratios of raw materials is to the improved effect in saltings
The numerical value that in upper table, pH value declines and the numerical value that salt content declines refer to the numerical value declined to above-mentioned improvement before saltings is not improved.As can be seen from the above table, bagasse sorbent material, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate, polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate and diatomite amount of application are less than 60kg/ mu respectively, 20kg/ mu, 30kg/ mu, during 10kg/ mu, alkaline land soil pH value and total salt content decline very fast, and bagasse sorbent material, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate, polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate and diatomite amount of application are greater than 60kg/ mu respectively, 20kg/ mu, 30kg/ mu, during 10kg/ mu, the degree change that soil pH value and total salt content decline is little, therefore, bagasse sorbent material, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate, polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate and diatomite amount of application are respectively 60 ~ 120kg/ mu, 20 ~ 40kg/ mu, 30 ~ 50kg/ mu, 10 ~ 20kg/ mu, best results.
What illustrate is, above-mentioned experiment is only used to verify beneficial effect of the present invention and enumerate several test example, and the test done to complete the present invention is far above in this, simultaneously, above-mentioned test just illustrates, does not form any pro forma restriction of the present invention.
Embodiment
Conveniently those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.Embodiment is only illustrating this invention, is not limitation of the invention, and the step not doing in embodiment to illustrate is all prior arts, is not described in detail at this.
Embodiment one
The three step modification methods in saltings, comprise the following steps:
(1) bagasse pre-treatment: bagasse is sent in high-pressure sterilizing pot, and add second alcohol and water, after sterilising treatment for some time, cross leaching filter residue, after being mixed with nitric acid by filter residue, then the adjust ph that adds water is after 5, add cellulase and carry out enzymolysis, the dry materials that enzymolysis is obtained and pulverizing, obtain bagasse sorbent material, the weight ratio of described bagasse, nitric acid, ethanol and cellulase is 80:10:20:2;
(2) ferment: oil cake, bacterium chaff and EM microbial inoculum are sent into after mixing in fermentation vat, regulate the moisture content 50% of mixture, ferment in 4 days, controlling leavening temperature is 40 DEG C, 8 days afterwards, controlling leavening temperature is 55 DEG C, and obtain fermentation materials, the weight ratio of described oil cake, bacterium chaff and EM microbial inoculum is 80:20:0.1;
(3) saltings coagulation: the saltings selecting Bing Jie farm, Haixing County, the table soil total salt content that its 0 ~ 20cm is dark is 0.16%, pH value is 7.9, first phosphogypsum powder is broken into 100 object fine powders, then regulates the moisture content in saltings to be 40%, then phosphogypsum powder is executed at saltings surface uniform, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 350kg/ mu, then carries out rotary tillage process, and the degree of depth of rotary tillage is 10cm, cover film after 14 days, film is taken away and carries out leaching process;
(4) saltings second-stage treatment: regulate the moisture content of saline and alkaline ground surface soil to be after 60%, bagasse sorbent material, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate, polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate and diatomite are evenly executed in saltings, bagasse sorbent material, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate, polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate and diatomaceous amount of application are respectively 60kg/ mu, 20kg/ mu, 30kg/ mu, 10kg/ mu, then rotary tillage process is carried out, the degree of depth of rotary tillage is 10 ~ 20cm, overlay film after 5 ~ 10 days, then carries out leaching process;
(5) saltings tertiary treatment: evenly execute fermentation materials in saltings, the amount of application of fermentation materials is 400kg/ mu, then carries out rotary tillage process.
After adopting aforesaid method process, the salt content in this saltings is 0.08%, and pH value is 7.2.
Embodiment two
The three step modification methods in saltings, comprise the following steps:
(1) bagasse pre-treatment: bagasse is sent in high-pressure sterilizing pot, and add second alcohol and water, after sterilising treatment for some time, cross leaching filter residue, after being mixed with nitric acid by filter residue, then the adjust ph that adds water is after 5.2, add cellulase and carry out enzymolysis, the dry materials that enzymolysis is obtained and pulverizing, obtain bagasse sorbent material, the weight ratio of described bagasse, nitric acid, ethanol and cellulase is 85:12:23:2.2;
(2) ferment: oil cake, bacterium chaff and EM microbial inoculum are sent into after mixing in fermentation vat, regulate the moisture content 52% of mixture, ferment in 5 days, controlling leavening temperature is 42 DEG C, 7 days afterwards, controlling leavening temperature is 57 DEG C, and obtain fermentation materials, the weight ratio of described oil cake, bacterium chaff and EM microbial inoculum is 90:25:0.11;
(3) saltings coagulation: the saltings selecting Bing Jie farm, Haixing County, the table soil total salt content that its 0 ~ 20cm is dark is 0.31%, pH value is 8.3, first phosphogypsum powder is broken into 120 object fine powders, then regulates the moisture content in saltings to be 42%, then phosphogypsum powder is executed at saltings surface uniform, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 600kg/ mu, then carries out rotary tillage process, and the degree of depth of rotary tillage is 13cm, cover film after 18 days, film is taken away and carries out leaching process;
(4) saltings second-stage treatment: regulate the moisture content of saline and alkaline ground surface soil to be after 65%, bagasse sorbent material, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate, polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate and diatomite are evenly executed in saltings, bagasse sorbent material, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate, polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate and diatomaceous amount of application are respectively 70kg/ mu, 25kg/ mu, 35kg/ mu, 12kg/ mu, then rotary tillage process is carried out, the degree of depth of rotary tillage is 12cm, overlay film after 6 days, then carries out leaching process;
(5) saltings tertiary treatment: evenly execute fermentation materials in saltings, the amount of application of fermentation materials is 600kg/ mu, then carries out rotary tillage process.
After adopting aforesaid method process, the salt content in this saltings is 0.14%, and pH value is 7.4.
Embodiment three
The three step modification methods in saltings, comprise the following steps:
(1) bagasse pre-treatment: bagasse is sent in high-pressure sterilizing pot, and add second alcohol and water, after sterilising treatment for some time, cross leaching filter residue, after being mixed with nitric acid by filter residue, then the adjust ph that adds water is after 5.3, add cellulase and carry out enzymolysis, the dry materials that enzymolysis is obtained and pulverizing, obtain bagasse sorbent material, the weight ratio of described bagasse, nitric acid, ethanol and cellulase is 90:18:28:2.3;
(2) ferment: oil cake, bacterium chaff and EM microbial inoculum are sent into after mixing in fermentation vat, regulate the moisture content 56% of mixture, ferment in 6 days, controlling leavening temperature is 47 DEG C, 6 days afterwards, controlling leavening temperature is 65 DEG C, and obtain fermentation materials, the weight ratio of described oil cake, bacterium chaff and EM microbial inoculum is 110:30:0.12;
(3) saltings coagulation: the saltings selecting Bing Jie farm, Haixing County, the table soil total salt content that its 0 ~ 20cm is dark is 0.39%, pH value is 8.5, first phosphogypsum powder is broken into 200 object fine powders, then regulates the moisture content in saltings to be 46%, then phosphogypsum powder is executed at saltings surface uniform, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 1000kg/ mu, then carries out rotary tillage process, and the degree of depth of rotary tillage is 18cm, cover film after 22 days, film is taken away and carries out leaching process;
(4) saltings second-stage treatment: regulate the moisture content of saline and alkaline ground surface soil to be after 70%, bagasse sorbent material, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate, polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate and diatomite are evenly executed in saltings, bagasse sorbent material, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate, polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate and diatomaceous amount of application are respectively 90kg/ mu, 30kg/ mu, 40kg/ mu, 160kg/ mu, then rotary tillage process is carried out, the degree of depth of rotary tillage is 18cm, overlay film after 8 days, then carries out leaching process;
(5) saltings tertiary treatment: evenly execute fermentation materials in saltings, the amount of application of fermentation materials is 800kg/ mu, then carries out rotary tillage process.
After adopting aforesaid method process, the salt content in this saltings is 0.15%, and pH value is 7.4.
Embodiment four
The three step modification methods in saltings, comprise the following steps:
(1) bagasse pre-treatment: bagasse is sent in high-pressure sterilizing pot, and add second alcohol and water, after sterilising treatment for some time, cross leaching filter residue, after being mixed with nitric acid by filter residue, then the adjust ph that adds water is after 5.5, add cellulase and carry out enzymolysis, the dry materials that enzymolysis is obtained and pulverizing, obtain bagasse sorbent material, the weight ratio of described bagasse, nitric acid, ethanol and cellulase is 100:20:30:2.5;
(2) ferment: oil cake, bacterium chaff and EM microbial inoculum are sent into after mixing in fermentation vat, regulate the moisture content 60% of mixture, ferment in 6 days, controlling leavening temperature is 50 DEG C, 9 days afterwards, controlling leavening temperature is 70 DEG C, and obtain fermentation materials, the weight ratio of described oil cake, bacterium chaff and EM microbial inoculum is 120:40:0.12;
(3) saltings coagulation: the saltings selecting Bing Jie farm, Haixing County, the table soil total salt content that its 0 ~ 20cm is dark is 0.56%, pH value is 8.7, first phosphogypsum powder is broken into 200 object fine powders, then regulates the moisture content in saltings to be 50%, then phosphogypsum powder is executed at saltings surface uniform, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 1500kg/ mu, then carries out rotary tillage process, and the degree of depth of rotary tillage is 20cm, cover film after 30 days, film is taken away and carries out leaching process;
(4) saltings second-stage treatment: regulate the moisture content of saline and alkaline ground surface soil to be after 80%, bagasse sorbent material, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate, polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate and diatomite are evenly executed in saltings, bagasse sorbent material, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate, polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate and diatomaceous amount of application are respectively 120kg/ mu, 40kg/ mu, 50kg/ mu, 20kg/ mu, then rotary tillage process is carried out, the degree of depth of rotary tillage is 20cm, overlay film after 10 days, then carries out leaching process;
(5) saltings tertiary treatment: evenly execute fermentation materials in saltings, the amount of application of fermentation materials is 1000kg/ mu, then carries out rotary tillage process.
After adopting aforesaid method process, the salt content in this saltings is 0.20%, and pH value is 7.3.
The above, it is only better example of the present invention, not any pro forma restriction is done to the present invention, anyly do not depart from technical solution of the present invention content, the any simple modification done above example according to technical spirit of the present invention, coversion material equivalent variations and modification, all still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the three step modification methods in saltings, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) bagasse pre-treatment: bagasse is sent in high-pressure sterilizing pot, and add second alcohol and water, after sterilising treatment for some time, cross leaching filter residue, after being mixed with nitric acid by filter residue, then the adjust ph that adds water is after 5 ~ 5.5, adds cellulase and carries out enzymolysis, the dry materials obtain enzymolysis and pulverizing, obtain bagasse sorbent material;
(2) ferment: oil cake, bacterium chaff and EM microbial inoculum are sent into after mixing in fermentation vat, regulate the moisture content 50 ~ 60% of mixture, ferment after 12 ~ 15 days, obtain fermentation materials;
(3) saltings coagulation: first phosphogypsum powder is broken into 100 ~ 200 object fine powders, then the moisture content in saltings is regulated to be 40 ~ 50%, then phosphogypsum powder is executed at saltings surface uniform, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 350 ~ 1500kg/ mu, then rotary tillage process is carried out, cover film after 14 ~ 30 days, film is taken away and carries out leaching process;
(4) saltings second-stage treatment: regulate the moisture content of saline and alkaline ground surface soil to be after 60 ~ 80%, bagasse sorbent material, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate, polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate and diatomite are evenly executed in saltings, then carry out rotary tillage process, overlay film after 5 ~ 10 days, then carries out leaching process;
(5) saltings tertiary treatment: evenly execute fermentation materials in saltings, then carry out rotary tillage process.
2. the three step modification methods in saltings as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (1), the weight ratio of bagasse, nitric acid, ethanol and cellulase is (80 ~ 100): (10 ~ 20): (20 ~ 30): (2 ~ 2.5).
3. the three step modification methods in saltings as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (2), the weight ratio of oil cake, bacterium chaff and EM microbial inoculum is (80 ~ 120): (20 ~ 40): (0.1 ~ 0.12).
4. the three step modification methods in saltings as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (2), oil cake, bacterium chaff and EM microbial inoculum are sent into after mixing in fermentation vat, regulate the moisture content 50 ~ 60% of mixture, ferment in 4 ~ 6 days, controlling leavening temperature is 40 ~ 50 DEG C, afterwards, controlling leavening temperature is 55 ~ 70 DEG C.
5. the three step modification methods in saltings as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (3), for slight alkaline land, the consumption of phosphogypsum powder is 350 ~ 600kg/ mu, and for moderate saline-alkali soil, the consumption of phosphogypsum powder is 600 ~ 1000kg/ mu, for heavy salinized, the consumption of phosphogypsum powder is 1000 ~ 1500kg/ mu.
6. the three step modification methods in saltings as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the degree of depth of institute's rotary tillage is 10 ~ 20cm.
7. the three step modification methods in saltings as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (4), bagasse sorbent material, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate, polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate and diatomaceous amount of application are respectively 60 ~ 120kg/ mu, 20 ~ 40kg/ mu, 30 ~ 50kg/ mu, 10 ~ 20kg/ mu.
8. the three step modification methods in the saltings as described in claim 1 or 7, it is characterized in that, in described step (4), for slight alkaline land, bagasse sorbent material, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate, polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate and diatomaceous amount of application are respectively 60 ~ 70kg/ mu, 20 ~ 25kg/ mu, 30 ~ 35kg/ mu, 10 ~ 14kg/ mu; For moderate saline-alkali soil, bagasse sorbent material, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate, polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate and diatomaceous amount of application are respectively 70 ~ 90kg/ mu, 25 ~ 30kg/ mu, 35 ~ 40kg/ mu, 12 ~ 16kg/ mu; For heavy salinized, bagasse sorbent material, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate, polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate and diatomaceous amount of application are respectively 90 ~ 120kg/ mu, 30 ~ 40kg/ mu, 40 ~ 50kg/ mu, 16 ~ 20kg/ mu.
9. the three step modification methods in saltings as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (5), the amount of application of fermentation materials is 400 ~ 1000kg/ mu.
10. the three step modification methods in the saltings as described in claim 1 or 9, is characterized in that, in described step (5), for slight alkaline land, the amount of application of fermentation materials is 400 ~ 600kg/ mu; For moderate saline-alkali soil, the amount of application of fermentation materials is 600 ~ 800kg/ mu; For heavy salinized, the amount of application of fermentation materials is 800 ~ 1000kg/ mu.
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| CN110896695B (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2022-01-18 | 塔里木大学 | Method for transforming and fixing water-soluble salt in saline-alkali soil by using acetyl oxide polysilicic acid |
| CN114048437A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-02-15 | 中化农业（临沂）研发中心有限公司 | Calculation method and application of alkalinity-reducing material application amount in agricultural saline-alkali soil |
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Application publication date: 20151118 |