CN110896695B - Method for transforming and fixing water-soluble salt in saline-alkali soil by using acetyl oxide polysilicic acid - Google Patents
Method for transforming and fixing water-soluble salt in saline-alkali soil by using acetyl oxide polysilicic acid Download PDFInfo
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- CN110896695B CN110896695B CN201911072999.XA CN201911072999A CN110896695B CN 110896695 B CN110896695 B CN 110896695B CN 201911072999 A CN201911072999 A CN 201911072999A CN 110896695 B CN110896695 B CN 110896695B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
- C09K17/18—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
Abstract
The invention provides a method for converting and fixing water-soluble salt in saline-alkali soil by utilizing acetyl oxide polysilicic acid, which comprises the following steps: a) dissolving acetyl oxide polysilicic acid in wood vinegar to prepare a treatment solution; b) and spraying the treatment liquid into the saline-alkali soil to be treated, uniformly mixing, and solarizing for several days under the sunshine condition to finish the treatment. When the water-soluble salt in the saline-alkali soil is transformed and fixed, the prepared mixture is only mixed with the saline-alkali soil, a large amount of water sources are not needed, no saline-alkali water is generated, resources are saved, safety and no pollution are realized, the improvement effect of the saline-alkali soil is improved, and the improvement of the saline-alkali soil in arid and semi-arid regions with insufficient water resources is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, and particularly relates to a method for converting and fixing water-soluble salt in saline-alkali soil by using acetyl oxide polysilicic acid.
Background
The most harmful effect of saline-alkali soil on plant growth is the higher content of water-soluble salt, the osmotic pressure of various ions and substances is changed, the substance exchange between soil plants and the soil environment is difficult, the physiological function disorder of the plants is caused, and the fixation of the water-soluble salt is the most feasible scheme for treating the saline-alkali soil.
The method for reducing the content of water-soluble salt in soil is a water immersion method, namely, the saline-alkali soil is irrigated by large water, and the water-soluble salt in the soil is taken away by water.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a preparation method of acetyl oxide polysilicic acid and a method for treating saline-alkali soil water-soluble salt by using the acetyl oxide polysilicic acid.
The invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
a method for transforming and fixing water-soluble salt in saline-alkali soil by using acetyl oxide polysilicic acid comprises the following steps:
a) dissolving acetyl oxide polysilicic acid in wood vinegar to prepare a treatment solution; wherein the structural formula of the acetyl oxide polysilicic acid is as follows:
b) and spraying the treatment liquid into the saline-alkali soil to be treated, uniformly mixing, and solarizing for several days under the sunshine condition to finish the treatment.
Preferably, the solid acetyl oxide polysilicic acid is dissolved in wood vinegar in the ratio of 1:10 in the step a) and then sprayed and applied to the saline-alkali soil to be treated.
Preferably, the preparation method of the acetyl oxide polysilicic acid comprises the following steps:
1) mixing a sodium silicate aqueous solution and pyroligneous liquor in a volume ratio of 1: 1-3: 1 to obtain a mixed solution A, and dropwise adding concentrated sulfuric acid to the mixed solution A for catalysis to obtain a mixed solution B;
2) transferring the mixed solution B into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, and reacting at the hydrothermal temperature of 60-100 ℃ for 1-4 hours to obtain a mixed solution C;
3) naturally cooling the reacted mixed solution C to room temperature, and adding saturated NaHCO3Adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to weak acidity by using the aqueous solution, and washing the obtained solid by using water and ethanol after solid-liquid separation;
4) and (3) drying the washed solid in vacuum to obtain the acetyl oxide polysilicic acid.
Preferably, the wood vinegar obtained in step 1) is middle wood vinegar with pH of 3 obtained by dry distillation of cotton stalks.
Preferably, in the method for preparing the acetyl-oxidized polysilicic acid, the pH of the mixed solution C in the step 3) is adjusted to 5.5 to 6.5, and the pH is controlled in a range that is favorable for precipitation of the precipitate.
As a preferable preparation method of the acetyl oxide polysilicic acid, the solid-liquid separation method in the step 3) comprises centrifugal separation, and the rotating speed is 3400 r/min.
As a preferable method for preparing the acetyl-oxidized polysilicic acid, the drying temperature in the step 4) is 50 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the method for treating the saline-alkali soil water-soluble salt by using the acetyl oxide polysilicic acid prepared by the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages: 1) when the water-soluble salt in the saline-alkali soil is converted and fixed, the prepared mixture powder is only required to be mixed with the saline-alkali soil, a large amount of water sources are not needed, no saline-alkali water is generated, resources are saved, safety and no pollution are realized, the improvement effect of the saline-alkali soil is improved, and the improvement of the saline-alkali soil in arid and semi-arid regions with insufficient water resources is facilitated; 2) the polysilicic acid used in the invention has simple preparation process and good treatment effect, is convenient for mass preparation, and is further beneficial to large-scale popularization and application of the improved method.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated and described with reference to specific embodiments. The technical features of the embodiments of the present invention can be combined correspondingly without mutual conflict.
The invention provides a preparation method of acetyl oxide polysilicic acid, which comprises the following steps:
1) mixing a sodium silicate aqueous solution and pyroligneous liquor in a volume ratio of 3: 1-1: 1 to obtain a mixed solution A, and dropwise adding concentrated sulfuric acid to the mixed solution A for catalysis to obtain a mixed solution B; wherein the pyroligneous liquor is middle-layer pyroligneous liquor with pH value of 3 obtained by dry distillation of cotton straws;
2) transferring the mixed solution B into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, and reacting at 60-100 ℃ for 1-4h to obtain a mixed solution C;
3) naturally cooling the reacted mixed solution C to room temperature, and adding saturated NaHCO3The pH value of the mixed solution is adjusted to 5.5-6.5 by the aqueous solution (the pH value is controlled in the range which is beneficial to sedimentation)Precipitation and separation of precipitate), centrifugally separating at 3400r/min, and washing the obtained solid with water and ethanol;
4) and (3) putting the solid in a vacuum drying oven at a certain temperature, wherein the drying temperature is 50 ℃, and drying to obtain the acetyl oxide polysilicic acid.
The acetyl oxide polysilicic acid prepared by the method has the structural formula C2H6O6Si2(ii) a The specific molecular weight is: 8000-8600.
The acetyl oxide polysilicic acid prepared by the method can be applied to converting and fixing water-soluble salts in saline-alkali soil, and the processing steps are as follows:
mixing the acetyl oxide polysilicic acid prepared by the method with wood vinegar to form treatment liquid, spraying the treatment liquid into the saline soil to be treated, uniformly mixing, and then exposing to the sun. Wherein, the solid of the acetyl oxide polysilicic acid is dissolved in the wood vinegar according to a certain proportion and then sprayed into the saline-alkali soil to be treated, thereby not only increasing the contact area with the soil, but also preventing the acetyl oxide polysilicic acid from losing along with wind. When the method is used in actual farmland, after the treatment liquid is sprayed, equipment such as plowing and the like can be used for uniformly mixing the soil and the acetyl oxide polysilicic acid in the treatment liquid.
The principle of the invention is that acetyl oxide polysilicic acid is utilized to adsorb the products produced by the wood vinegar and the water-soluble salt, and a water-insoluble solid compound is formed, so that the content of the water-soluble salt in the saline-alkali soil is reduced. The technical effects of the present invention will be described below by way of examples. The residue drying method is used for measuring various indexes in the alkalized soil treated by the acetyl oxide polysilicate, and the results show that compared with the alkalized soil before treatment, the content of water-soluble salt is reduced to 0.15-0.32%, the content of total salt measured by the octagon ions is reduced by 30% -40%, and the content of carbonate ions and bicarbonate ions is reduced by 85%.
Example 1
1. 1L of sodium silicate aqueous solution (modulus 3.4, SiO)2Content 10%) and 1L of pyroligneous liquor (pyroligneous liquor is middle-layer pyroligneous liquor with pH value of 3 obtained by dry distillation of cotton straws) to obtain mixed solution A, and 20mL of concentrated sulfuric acid is added dropwise to obtain mixed solution B;
2. transferring the mixed solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, and reacting for 1h at the hydrothermal reaction temperature of 60 ℃; the mixed solution after reaction is naturally cooled to room temperature, and then saturated NaHCO is added3Adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 6 by using the aqueous solution, and performing centrifugal separation to obtain a solid; washing the obtained solid with water and ethanol respectively to remove excessive impurities; drying in a vacuum drying oven at a drying temperature of 50 ℃ to obtain the acetyl oxide polysilicic acid;
3. the prepared acetyl oxide polysilicic acid is analyzed and tested, and the FTIR characteristic peaks are respectively found as follows: 3369.09cm-1，1669.05cm-1,1665.47cm-1，1132.23cm-1,922.33cm-1(ii) a Intrinsic viscosity method determination relative molecular weight: 8821. the prepared acetyl oxide polysilicic acid has two tautomers, and the structural formulas of the two tautomers are respectively as follows:
4. dissolving 10g of prepared acetyl oxide polysilicic acid in 1L of wood vinegar to prepare a treatment solution, wherein the wood vinegar is middle-layer wood vinegar with pH value of 3 obtained by dry distillation of cotton straws; mixing the above treated solution with 100g of salinized (heavy salinization: water soluble salt content 0.450%, pH equal to 8.2) soil, stirring for 30min, and solarizing under common sunshine condition for 3 days to complete the treatment.
In order to verify the treatment effect of the acetyl oxide polysilicic acid on the saline-alkali soil, a plurality of mixtures exposed and dried under the common sunshine condition are taken, the mixtures are ground into powder, the powder is analyzed and tested and compared with the untreated saline-alkali soil background value data, and the results show that: the water-soluble salt in the saline-alkali soil is reduced to below 0.15 percent (slight salinization) measured by a residue drying method; the total salt content of eight major ions measured was reduced by 43.6%, with a reduction of 93% in carbonate and bicarbonate ions.
Comparative example 1
Mixing 1L of pyroligneous liquor (pyroligneous liquor is middle-layer pyroligneous liquor with pH value of 3 obtained by dry distillation of cotton straws) with 10kg of salinized soil (severe salinization: water-soluble salt content is 0.450%, pH value is equal to 8.2), and placing the mixture after solarization and dry soaking under common sunshine condition.
In order to verify the treatment effect of the pyroligneous on the saline-alkali soil, a plurality of mixtures exposed and dried under the common sunshine condition are taken, the mixtures are ground into powder, the powder is analyzed and tested and compared with the untreated saline-alkali soil background value data, and the results show that: the water-soluble salt is reduced to no obvious reduction by adopting a residue drying method. The total salt content of eight big ions is reduced by 11.6%, and carbonate ions and bicarbonate ions are reduced by 78%. From this, it can be seen that the acetyloxidized polysilicic acid added in example 1 can be efficiently adsorbed and cured with the water-soluble salt.
Example 2
The difference between this example and example 1 is that the soil in actual farmland is treated with the treatment liquid to verify the effect of its application in natural environment. The method for preparing the acetyloxidized polysilicic acid used in this example was the same as in example 1.
1000g of prepared acetyl oxide polysilicic acid is dissolved in 100L of wood vinegar to prepare treatment fluid, wherein the wood vinegar is middle-layer wood vinegar with pH value of 3 obtained by dry distillation of cotton straws. The above-mentioned treatment liquid was sprayed into twelve-ball farm field (100 m) of Alarler, Xinjiang2And severe salinization: water-soluble salt content is 0.52%, pH is equal to 8.7), ploughing for 48 hours, and solarizing for 3 days under ordinary sunshine condition to complete the treatment.
In order to verify the treatment effect of the acetyl oxide polysilicic acid on the saline-alkali soil of one farmland in twelve farms in Alarler City, Xinjiang, a plurality of mixtures exposed and dried under the common sunshine condition are taken, the mixtures are ground into powder, the powder is analyzed and tested and compared with the untreated saline-alkali soil background value data, and the results show that: the water-soluble salt is reduced to below 0.32 percent by adopting a residue drying method; the total salt content of eight big ions is reduced by 35.2%, and the carbonate ions and bicarbonate ions are reduced by 85%.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which should not be construed as limiting the invention. Various changes and modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the technical scheme obtained by adopting the mode of equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation is within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for transforming and fixing water-soluble salt in saline-alkali soil by using acetyl oxide polysilicic acid is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a) dissolving acetyl oxide polysilicic acid in wood vinegar to prepare a treatment solution; wherein the structural formula of the acetyl oxide polysilicic acid is as follows:
b) spraying the treatment liquid into the saline-alkali soil to be treated, uniformly mixing, and solarizing for several days under the sunshine condition to complete the treatment;
the preparation method of the acetyl oxide polysilicic acid comprises the following steps:
1) mixing a sodium silicate aqueous solution and pyroligneous liquor in a volume ratio of 1: 1-3: 1 to obtain a mixed solution A, and dropwise adding concentrated sulfuric acid to the mixed solution A for catalysis to obtain a mixed solution B;
2) transferring the mixed solution B into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, and reacting at the hydrothermal temperature of 60-100 ℃ for 1-4 hours to obtain a mixed solution C;
3) naturally cooling the reacted mixed solution C to room temperature, and adding saturated NaHCO3Adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to weak acidity by using the aqueous solution, and washing the obtained solid by using water and ethanol after solid-liquid separation;
4) and (3) drying the washed solid in vacuum to obtain the acetyl oxide polysilicic acid.
2. The method for transforming and fixing the water-soluble salt in the saline-alkali soil by using the acetyl polysilicic acid, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solid acetyl polysilicic acid is dissolved in the wood vinegar in a mass ratio of 1:10 in the step a), and then is sprayed and applied to the saline-alkali soil to be treated.
3. The method for transforming and fixing the water-soluble salt in the saline-alkali soil by using the acetyl polysilicic acid oxide according to claim 1, wherein the wood vinegar obtained in the step 1) is middle wood vinegar with pH value of 3 obtained by dry distillation of cotton straws.
4. The method for transforming and fixing the water-soluble salt in the saline-alkali soil by using the acetyl-oxidized polysilicic acid according to the claim 1, wherein the pH value of the mixed solution C in the step 3) is adjusted to 5.5-6.5.
5. The method for transforming and fixing the water-soluble salt in the saline-alkali soil by using the acetyl polysilicic acid oxide according to claim 1, wherein the solid-liquid separation method in the step 3) comprises centrifugal separation, and the rotating speed is 3400 r/min.
6. The method for transforming and fixing the water-soluble salt in the saline-alkali soil by using the acetyl-oxidized polysilicic acid according to the claim 1, wherein the vacuum drying temperature in the step 4) is 50 ℃.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104449756A (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2015-03-25 | 北京市农林科学院 | Water-soluble soil salinization improver and preparation method and application of improver |
| CN105032922A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-11-11 | 贵州开磷集团股份有限公司 | Stage treatment method of saline and alkaline land |
| CN105062499A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-11-18 | 贵州开磷集团股份有限公司 | Three-step improvement method for saline alkali soil |
| CN105087012A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-11-25 | 贵州开磷集团股份有限公司 | Saline-alkali soil regulator and processing process and application thereof |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104449756A (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2015-03-25 | 北京市农林科学院 | Water-soluble soil salinization improver and preparation method and application of improver |
| CN105032922A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-11-11 | 贵州开磷集团股份有限公司 | Stage treatment method of saline and alkaline land |
| CN105062499A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-11-18 | 贵州开磷集团股份有限公司 | Three-step improvement method for saline alkali soil |
| CN105087012A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-11-25 | 贵州开磷集团股份有限公司 | Saline-alkali soil regulator and processing process and application thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 酸性介质对硅酸聚合胶凝的影响;许韵华等;《武汉大学学报(理学版)》;20050430;第51卷(第02期);第177-180页 * |
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