A kind of water conservation soil-loosening function composite fertilizer and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to fertilizer field, be specifically related to a kind of water conservation soil-loosening function composite fertilizer and its production and use.
Background technology
In agriculture production, use a large amount of fertilizer at present, but only have small portion nutritive element can absorb by plant, this mainly can cause soil compaction due to using of a large amount of mineral manure, is unfavorable for the absorption of Plant To Nutrient element.In addition, the absorption of plant nutrient is relevant with soil moisture content, and soil water content is less, is unfavorable for the absorption of crop to nutritive element.
CN1844060A discloses a kind of liquid fertilizer, and it is made up of the raw material of following weight parts: nitrogenous fertilizer 140-160 part, potash fertilizer 100-120 part, phosphate fertilizer 100-110 part, humic acids 120-150 part, amino acid 300-400 part, zinc sulfate 20-30 part, borax 15-25 part, ferrous sulfate 25-35 part, nitrocalcite or calcium oxide 50-60 part, magnesium sulfate 40-50 part.
CN101244959A discloses a kind of fertilizer special for cotton, and it comprises following raw material: nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, thiophanate methyl, wilkinite, terra alba.
CN1896034A discloses a kind of composite mixed foliage fertilizer, its effective ingredient weight ratio is: amino acid accounts for 5-15%, nitrogenous fertilizer (N) accounts for 5-30%, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) accounts for 2-15%, and potash fertilizer (K2O) accounts for 1-6%, and trace element accounts for 1-5%, sodium nitrophenolate accounts for 0.1-2%, wetting agent NNO accounts for 0.1-1%, and permeate agent accounts for 0.1-0.7%, and surplus is water.
CN103224430A discloses a kind of eucalypt ecology special fertilizer formula, wherein N P and K total nutrient 20 ~ 35%, organic content 10 ~ 20%, micronutrient boron, copper, zinc and containing aminoacids content 1 ~ 5%.
CN102491850A discloses a kind of long-acting slow release fertilizer special for tomatoes, the component containing following mass fraction: nitrogen fertilizer effective component 230 parts, phosphate fertilizer effective constituent 120 parts, potassium fertilizer effective component 100 parts, wilkinite 92-100 part, long-acting complex fertilizer additive 7-9 part.
CN101948353A discloses a kind of organic-inorganic and resists saline and alkaline long-acting corn fertilizer, it mainly contains the effective ingredient of following weight proportion: nitrogen 10-28%, phosphorus 5-20%, potassium 5-18%, sulphur 10-25%, amino acid 5-10%, humic acids 1-10%, medium trace element 1-5%, sustained release drug 1-5%, surplus is binding agent.
But still there is the shortcomings such as such as nutritive element is unbalanced, nutrition absorption rate is lower, the wasting of resources in the various formulas of prior art.And various mineral manure is equipped with the required nutritive substance of the plants such as trace element by the present invention, the necessary nutritive element of plant normal growth can be ensured; In addition, the present inventor is also unexpected to be found, soil conditioning material, water conservation composition and organic composition is equipped with in above-mentioned substance, significantly can improve Soil structure, keep soil moisture content, this is conducive to the absorption of Plant To Nutrient element, improves crop yield, avoid the wasting of resources, contaminate environment simultaneously.Just based on above-mentioned discovery, contriver completes the present invention.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the configuration of a kind of nutrient rationally, simultaneously can chessom, water conservation drought resisting, significantly improve nutritive element utilization ratio, promote the water conservation soil-loosening function composite fertilizer of agricultural production and income.In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme.
One aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of water conservation soil-loosening function composite fertilizer, and wherein said water conservation soil-loosening function composite fertilizer comprises following raw material and weight part thereof:
Described nitrogenous fertilizer be selected from urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride or ammonium sulfate one or more;
Described phosphate fertilizer be selected from calcium superphosphate, double superhosphate, monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate one or more;
Described potash fertilizer be selected from Repone K, potassium primary phosphate or potassium sulfate one or more;
Described trace element fertilizer is selected from ammonium molybdate, manganous sulfate, and sulfuric acid bores, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, one or more in zinc sulfate;
Described soil conditioner is selected from kaolin, wilkinite;
Described organic matter is selected from fermentation animal excrement or straw, one or more in humic acids, peat soil or turfy soil.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, each component of described water conservation soil-loosening function composite fertilizer and weight part preferred:
Wherein:
Described nitrogenous fertilizer be selected from urea, ammonium nitrate one or both;
Described phosphate fertilizer be selected from calcium superphosphate, double superhosphate one or both;
Described potash fertilizer be selected from Repone K, potassium sulfate one or both;
Described trace element fertilizer is selected from ammonium molybdate, manganous sulfate, and sulfuric acid bores, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, one or more in zinc sulfate;
Described soil conditioner is selected from kaolin, wilkinite;
Described organic matter is selected from fermentation animal excrement or straw, one or more in humic acids, peat soil or turfy soil.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention:
Described soil conditioner is selected from wilkinite, and in described wilkinite, calcium, magnesium gross weight content are 200-1000mg/kg wilkinite, preferably 400-800mg/kg wilkinite;
In described aminoacids complex, aminoacids content is 45-65 % by weight, preferably 45-55 % by weight.
In present invention further optimization embodiment, each component of described water conservation soil-loosening function composite fertilizer and weight part preferred:
Wherein:
Described nitrogenous fertilizer is urea and ammonium nitrate, and the two weight ratio is 1: 1;
Described phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate and double superhosphate, and the two weight ratio is 3: 2;
Described potash fertilizer is Repone K and potassium sulfate, and the two weight ratio is 1: 3;
Described trace element fertilizer is ammonium molybdate and rose vitriol, and the two weight ratio is 1: 2;
Described soil conditioner is wilkinite, and in described wilkinite, calcium, magnesium gross weight content are 500-600mg/kg wilkinite;
Described organic matter is humic acids and peat soil, and the two weight ratio is 1: 1;
In described aminoacids complex, aminoacids content is 48-52 % by weight.
In another preferred implementation of the present invention, each component of described water conservation soil-loosening function composite fertilizer and weight part preferred:
Wherein:
Described nitrogenous fertilizer is urea and ammonium nitrate, and the two weight ratio is 2: 1;
Described phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate and double superhosphate, and the two weight ratio is 1: 2;
Described potash fertilizer is Repone K and potassium sulfate, and the two weight ratio is 1: 1;
Described trace element fertilizer is ammonium molybdate and rose vitriol, and the two weight ratio is 1: 1;
Described soil conditioner is wilkinite, and in described wilkinite, calcium, magnesium gross weight content are 500-600mg/kg wilkinite;
Described organic matter is humic acids and peat soil, and the two weight ratio is 1: 1;
In described aminoacids complex, aminoacids content is 48-52 % by weight.
Water conservation soil-loosening function composite fertilizer of the present invention is balanced in nutrition, has both comprised the major element that plant-growth is required, and has comprised again the trace element that plant-growth is indispensable, and can reduce fertilizer application frequency, saves labor force.
The organic composition improving Soil structure is comprised, to alleviate the soil compaction caused by long-term application mineral manure in composite fertilizer of the present invention.
Specific soil conditioner is comprised in composite fertilizer of the present invention, such as calcium, magnesium gross weight content are the wilkinite of 200-1000mg/kg, preferably 400-800mg/kg, compared with itself and conventional soil conditioner such as conventional wilkinite, kaolin etc., there is the water-swellable of enhancing, dehydration shrinkage characteristic, there is more excellent effect of loosening the soil, it mixes with other fertilizer components of the present invention uses, and significantly can increase the absorption of Plant To Nutrient element, promotes that crop yield increases income.
Aminoacids complex of the present invention, organic such as humic acids etc. have stronger water-retaining capacity, and can keep soil moisture, improve soil moisture content, this is conducive to the absorption of crop to nutritive element equally, promote that crop yield increases income.
Above-mentioned each component combines with suitable ratio by the present invention, the nutritive element that growth can either be provided required to crop is as macroelement, moderate-element and trace element, simultaneously can chessom, keep soil from packing together, water conservation drought resisting, improve soil moisture content, the retaining turn improving soil while chessom stores fertile ability, this makes the utilization ratio of nutritive element greatly improve, promote agricultural production and income on the one hand, economize on resources on the other hand, cut the waste.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to the preparation method of described water conservation soil-loosening function composite fertilizer, comprising following steps:
(1) take the nitrogenous fertilizer of described formula ratio, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, trace element fertilizer, aminoacids complex and soil conditioner respectively, it is crushed to 80-120 order separately, afterwards described each component is mixed, obtain mixture 1;
(2) take the organic matter of formula ratio and pulverized, obtaining mixture 2;
(3) mixture 2 step 2 obtained adds the mixture 1 that step 1 obtains, and mixes, and obtains mixture 3;
(4) mixture 3 step 3 obtained is through cylinder granulation, screening, and finally the particle of obtained granularity 2-6mm, obtains water conservation soil-loosening function composite fertilizer of the present invention.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to described water conservation soil-loosening function composite fertilizer for improving the purposes of crop growth proterties and/or increase crop yield, the preferred cucumber of wherein said crop, soybean or corn.
The present invention's various raw materials used are commercially available.Such as calcium, magnesium gross weight content can be provided by Zhengzhou Supreme Being prebiotic state agricultural science and technology engineering finite leading company, Zhengzhou auspicious base scientific research agrochemical company limited etc. for the bentonitic wilkinite of 200-1000mg/kg.In addition, the measuring method of the content of calcium and magnesium in wilkinite is well-known to those skilled in the art, such as, can be measured by ammonium chloride exchange fluid EDTA method, also can be measured by the additive method of this area routine.
Beneficial effect of the present invention shows as:
(1) water conservation soil-loosening function composite fertilizer of the present invention is balanced in nutrition, has both comprised the major element that plant-growth is required, and has comprised again the trace element that plant-growth is indispensable, and can reduce fertilizer application frequency, saves labor force.
(2) the present invention is by the material of various function with the mixing of suitable ratio, improves Soil structure, improves the specific absorption of Plant To Nutrient element.Concrete: comprise the organic composition improving Soil structure in composite fertilizer of the present invention, to alleviate the soil compaction caused by long-term application mineral manure; Comprise soil conditioner in composite fertilizer of the present invention, the effect of loosening the soil can be reached; Containing water conservation composition in composite fertilizer of the present invention, soil moisture can be kept, improve soil moisture content.
(3) specific soil conditioner is comprised in composite fertilizer of the present invention, such as calcium, magnesium gross weight content are the wilkinite of 200-1000mg/kg, preferably 400-800mg/kg, compared with itself and conventional soil conditioner such as conventional wilkinite, kaolin etc., there is the water-swellable of enhancing, dehydration shrinkage characteristic, there is more excellent effect of loosening the soil, it mixes with other fertilizer components of the present invention uses, and significantly can increase the absorption of Plant To Nutrient element, promotes that crop yield increases income;
(4) above-mentioned each component combines with suitable ratio by the present invention, enough nutritive elements providing growth required to crop, the retaining turn improving soil while chessom stores fertile ability, and this makes the utilization ratio of nutritive element greatly improve, and promotes agricultural production and income.
Embodiment
For a better understanding of the present invention, further illustrate the present invention by way of example below, but the present invention is not limited.
Embodiment 1
Get urea 16kg, ammonium nitrate 16kg respectively, calcium superphosphate 15kg, double superhosphate 10kg, Repone K 4kg, potassium sulfate 12kg, ammonium molybdate 1kg, rose vitriol 2kg, aminoacids content be 50 % by weight aminoacids complex 3kg, calcium+magnesium gross weight content be the bentonitic wilkinite 9kg of 500mg/kg, it is crushed to 80-120 order separately, afterwards described each component is mixed, obtain mixture 1.
Take humic acids 6kg and peat soil 6kg, and pulverized, obtain mixture 2.
Mixture 2 is mixed in mixture 1, and mixes, obtain mixture 3.
By mixture 3 through cylinder granulation, screening, the finally particle of obtained granularity 2-6mm.
Embodiment 2
Get urea 20kg, ammonium nitrate 10kg respectively, calcium superphosphate 9kg, double superhosphate 18kg, Repone K 8kg, potassium sulfate 8kg, ammonium molybdate 2kg, sulfuric acid bore 2kg, aminoacids content be 48 % by weight aminoacids complex 4kg, calcium+magnesium gross weight content be the bentonitic wilkinite 11kg of 600mg/kg, it is crushed to 80-120 order separately, afterwards described each component is mixed, obtain mixture 1.
Take humic acids 5kg and peat soil 5kg, and pulverized, obtain mixture 2.
Mixture 2 is mixed in mixture 1, and mixes, obtain mixture 3.
By mixture 3 through cylinder granulation, screening, the finally particle of obtained granularity 2-6mm.
Embodiment 3
Get ammonium sulfate 25kg, monoammonium phosphate 30kg respectively, potassium sulfate 12kg, manganous sulfate 4kg, aminoacids content be 45 % by weight aminoacids complex 2kg, calcium+magnesium gross weight content be the bentonitic wilkinite 12kg of 300mg/kg, it is crushed to 80-120 order separately, afterwards described each component is mixed, obtain mixture 1.
Take peat soil 8kg, and pulverized, obtain mixture 2.
Mixture 2 is mixed in mixture 1, and mixes, obtain mixture 3.
By mixture 3 through cylinder granulation, screening, the finally particle of obtained granularity 2-6mm.
Embodiment 4
Get ammonium nitrate 35kg, calcium superphosphate 20kg respectively, potassium primary phosphate 14kg, ammonium molybdate 2kg, aminoacids content be 55 % by weight aminoacids complex 4kg, calcium+magnesium gross weight content be the bentonitic wilkinite 12kg of 800mg/kg, it is crushed to 80-120 order separately, afterwards described each component is mixed, obtain mixture 1.
Take turfy soil 8kg, and pulverized, obtain mixture 2.
Mixture 2 is mixed in mixture 1, and mixes, obtain mixture 3.
By mixture 3 through cylinder granulation, screening, the finally particle of obtained granularity 2-6mm.
Comparative example 1
Get urea 30kg, ammonium phosphate 30kg, saltpetre 30kg, manganous sulfate 6kg, conventional wilkinite respectively (after measured, calcium, magnesium gross weight content are 9000mg/kg wilkinite) 12kg, through being pulverized and mixed, driving roll granulation, screening, the finally particle of obtained granularity 2-6mm.
Comparative example 2
Get ammonium nitrate 25kg, calcium superphosphate 35kg, Repone K 20kg, ammonium molybdate 4kg, kaolin 15kg respectively, through being pulverized and mixed, driving roll granulation, screening, the finally particle of obtained granularity 2-6mm.
Comparative example 3
Get ammonium chloride 20kg, double superhosphate 28kg, saltpetre 30kg, rose vitriol 3kg, peat soil 14kg, aminoacids complex 4kg respectively, through being pulverized and mixed, driving roll granulation, screening, the finally particle of obtained granularity 2-6mm.
Comparative example 4
The formula (proportioning is constant, and numerical value reduces 10 times) of prior art document CN102491850A embodiment 1, is specially:
27.3kg powdery monoammonium phosphate, 196kg potassium sulfate, 43.1kg urea, 9.2kg wilkinite, 8kg long-acting complex fertilizer additive.
Comparative example 5
The formula (proportioning is constant, and numerical value reduces 10 times) of prior art document CN103011943A embodiment 1, is specially:
Urea 50kg, double superhosphate 19.6kg, Repone K 19kg, humic acids 5.65kg, wilkinite 5.65kg, NMA0.1kg.
Test example 1: the application of water conservation soil-loosening function composite fertilizer of the present invention on cucumber
For studying thing: cucumber (assorted No. 1 of Tianjin)
Test design: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I totally 9 process are established in test, often process and repeat for 3 times, 27 experimental plots altogether, each experimental plot random alignment, every plot area is 67m
2.Before the plantation of each community, soil fertility, landform etc. are consistent.Before plantation, deep ploughing process is carried out to experimental plot, and according to following table 1, base manure is used to each process.Other field pipe measures of each community are such as watered, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is all consistent.
Table 1 is process fertilising situation respectively
Process |
Base manure (mu consumption, kg) |
A |
Embodiment 1 (70kg) |
B |
Embodiment 2 (70kg) |
C |
Embodiment 3 (70kg) |
D |
Embodiment 4 (70kg) |
E |
Comparative example 1 (70kg) |
F |
Comparative example 2 (70kg) |
G |
Comparative example 3 (70kg) |
H |
Comparative example 4 (70kg) |
I |
Comparative example 5 (70kg) |
(1) cucumber Growth Character investigation
In each process cucumber Growth Character index of cucumber knot melon phase investigation, wherein often process collection 10 cucumber plants, average, the results are shown in following table 2.
Table 2 respectively process cucumber Growth Character investigation
Be not difficult to find out from the data of table 2, use water conservation of the present invention loosen the soil composite fertilizer (process A, B, C, D) though cucumber on the ground growing way or underground growing way all significantly better than contrast fertilizer, such as in climing length, leaf is thick, Ye Kuan, stem thick and root quantity is all better than contrast fertilizer (process E, F, G) and prior art fertilizer (process H, I).Further, loosen the soil in composite fertilizer at water conservation of the present invention, the effect of process A, B is better than processing C, D, for the present invention preferably fills a prescription.
(2) cucumber yield investigation
After results, the cucumber adding up each process amounts to per mu yield, the results are shown in following table 3.
Table 3 respectively processes the per mu yield contrast of cucumber
Process |
Amount to per mu yield (kg) |
A |
4554 |
B |
4544 |
C |
4480 |
D |
4487 |
E |
4034 |
F |
4029 |
G |
4064 |
H |
4190 |
I |
4168 |
Be not difficult to find out from the data of table 3, use the loosen the soil cucumber yield of composite fertilizer (process A, B, C, D) of water conservation of the present invention and be all obviously greater than contrast fertilizer (process E, F, G) and prior art fertilizer (process H, I).Further, loosen the soil in composite fertilizer at water conservation of the present invention, the effect of increasing production of process A, B is better than processing C, D, for the present invention preferably fills a prescription.
Test example 2: the application of water conservation soil-loosening function composite fertilizer of the present invention on soybean
For studying thing: soybean (eastern agriculture 434)
Test design: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I totally 9 process are established in test, often process and repeat for 3 times, 27 experimental plots altogether, each experimental plot random alignment, every plot area is 67m
2.Before the plantation of each community, soil fertility, landform etc. are consistent.Before plantation, deep ploughing process is carried out to experimental plot, and according to following table 4, base manure is used to each process.Other field pipe measures of each community are such as watered, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is all consistent.
Table 4 is process fertilising situation respectively
Process |
Base manure (mu consumption, kg) |
A |
Embodiment 1 (40kg) |
B |
Embodiment 2 (40kg) |
C |
Embodiment 3 (40kg) |
D |
Embodiment 4 (40kg) |
E |
Comparative example 1 (40kg) |
F |
Comparative example 2 (40kg) |
G |
Comparative example 3 (40kg) |
H |
Comparative example 4 (40kg) |
I |
Comparative example 5 (40kg) |
After results, the soybean adding up each process amounts to per mu yield, the results are shown in following table 5.
The per mu yield contrast of each processed soybeans of table 5
Process |
Mu Yield of Soybean (kg) |
A |
168 |
B |
167 |
C |
155 |
D |
157 |
E |
130 |
F |
131 |
G |
133 |
H |
138 |
I |
137 |
Be not difficult to find out from the data of table 5, use the loosen the soil soybean yields of composite fertilizer (process A, B, C, D) of water conservation of the present invention and be all obviously greater than contrast fertilizer (process E, F, G) and prior art fertilizer (process H, I).Further, loosen the soil in composite fertilizer at water conservation of the present invention, the effect of increasing production of process A, B is better than processing C, D, for the present invention preferably fills a prescription.
Test example 3: the application of water conservation soil-loosening function composite fertilizer of the present invention on corn
For studying thing: corn (Zheng Dan 958)
Test design: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I totally 9 process are established in test, often process and repeat for 3 times, 27 experimental plots altogether, each experimental plot random alignment, every plot area is 67m
2.Before the plantation of each community, soil fertility, landform etc. are consistent.Before plantation, deep ploughing process is carried out to experimental plot, and according to following table 6, base manure is used to each process.Other field pipe measures of each community are such as watered, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is all consistent.
Table 6 is process fertilising situation respectively
Process |
Base manure (mu consumption, kg) |
A |
Embodiment 1 (60kg) |
B |
Embodiment 2 (60kg) |
C |
Embodiment 3 (60kg) |
D |
Embodiment 4 (60kg) |
E |
Comparative example 1 (60kg) |
F |
Comparative example 2 (40kg) |
G |
Comparative example 3 (60kg) |
H |
Comparative example 4 (60kg) |
I |
Comparative example 5 (60kg) |
After results, per mu yield amounted to by the corn adding up each process, the results are shown in following table 7.
Table 7 respectively processes the per mu yield contrast of corn
Process |
Corn per mu yield (kg) |
A |
867 |
B |
865 |
C |
846 |
D |
844 |
E |
772 |
F |
769 |
G |
756 |
H |
789 |
I |
792 |
Be not difficult to find out from the data of table 7, use the loosen the soil corn yield of composite fertilizer (process A, B, C, D) of water conservation of the present invention and be all obviously greater than contrast fertilizer (process E, F, G) and prior art fertilizer (process H, I).Further, loosen the soil in composite fertilizer at water conservation of the present invention, the effect of increasing production of process A, B is better than processing C, D, for the present invention preferably fills a prescription.
Test example 4: use the change of the soil weight after water conservation soil-loosening function Chemical Mixed Fertilizer of the present invention
The soil weight refers to the quality of unit volume original-state soil dry ground.The height of soil weight size reflect soil structure, ventilation property, water permeability and water retention capacity, the less explanation Soil structure of the soil weight, air-and water-permeable performance are better.
For different treatment in test example 1-3, at Growing Season of Crops, soil weight mensuration is carried out to each process, concrete measuring method is: carry out 5 samplings to each community, gather the soil layer of the 5-10cm degree of depth, individually measure its soil weight, average afterwards, obtain each process soil weight, measurement result is as shown in table 8 below.
The soil weight (unit: g/cm when table 8 test example 1-3 respectively processes results
3)
Process |
Test example 1 |
Test example 2 |
Test example 3 |
A |
1.27 |
1.29 |
1.26 |
B |
1.28 |
1.29 |
1.27 |
C |
1.30 |
1.32 |
1.30 |
D |
1.30 |
1.31 |
1.29 |
E |
1.47 |
1.48 |
1.45 |
F |
1.46 |
1.47 |
1.46 |
G |
1.45 |
1.46 |
1.48 |
H |
1.48 |
1.49 |
1.46 |
I |
1.49 |
1.47 |
1.48 |
As can be seen from the data of table 8, after using water conservation soil-loosening function Chemical Mixed Fertilizer of the present invention, relative comparison fertilizer, the soil weight all significantly reduces, this illustrates that water conservation soil-loosening function Chemical Mixed Fertilizer of the present invention has effect of more significantly loosening the soil, this be conducive to crop volume increase, increase income.
Above-mentioned example is only to further explanation of the present invention, should not be construed as limitation of the invention, by the scheme simply adjusted by such scheme and then obtain, equally within the protection domain of the application.