CN104030819A - Moisture-holding fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Moisture-holding fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104030819A CN104030819A CN201410271000.5A CN201410271000A CN104030819A CN 104030819 A CN104030819 A CN 104030819A CN 201410271000 A CN201410271000 A CN 201410271000A CN 104030819 A CN104030819 A CN 104030819A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a moisture-holding fertilizer, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 35-56 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 20-40 parts of organic fertilizer, 5-10 parts of sodium humate, 1-6 parts of crylic acid-acrylamide, 1-6 parts of ammonium magnesium phosphate and 4-16 parts of packing. According to the moisture-holding fertilizer disclosed by the invention, an inorganic-organic compound fertilizer is taken as an inner core, ammonium magnesium phosphate is taken as an immediate layer, and a compound absorbent material of the crylic acid-acrylamide and the sodium humate is taken as an outer layer. The fertilizer can meet the nutritional requirements of the plants at different growth and development stages, the soil structure is improved, and moisture loss is kept. The fertilizer is innocuous and unpoisonous, and wide in application range.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of agricultural fertilizers, what be specifically related to is a kind of water keeping fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Drought and water shortage has seriously restricted China's agricultural development and has accelerated desertification of land.Research shows, 262.2 ten thousand hectares of China's Desertification Soil areas, account for 27.4% of territory total area, and the direct economic loss causing because of desertification every year reaches 54,000,000,000 yuan.China's agricultural water accounts for 80% left and right of water resources wastage in bulk or weight, yet global water resources scarcity makes the agricultural evolutionary path of must walking to economize on water.Therefore, improve the central task that Farmland Water utilization ratio is China's agricultural and even world agriculture development.
In soil, by dietetic alimentation and water utilization situation that water-absorbing polymer improves plant, caused extensive concern in recent years.Research discovery is used water-absorbing polymer to have very large potentiality for many-sides such as improveing the surviving rate of soil physical properties, promotion seed germination, raising seedling, the input that reduces irrigation, raising plant recovery of nutrient in agricultural.High water absorbency polymer is a kind of functional high molecule material, can absorb the even water of thousands of times of own wt hundred times, and still can keep most water under external force is exerted pressure.It is generally by the lightly crosslinked tridimensional network forming of hydrophilic macromolecule chain, on its molecular chain with a large amount of hydrophilic radicals as-OH ,-COOH ,-CONH
3,-SO
3na etc.Current high water absorbency polymer is applied to agricultural and mainly concentrates on water-saving moisturizing, seed pelleting, soil improvement, crop transplanting preservation, preserving fruit and vegetable utilizing or be used as the aspects such as culture medium for seedling.
China is an arid, the more country in semiarid zone, agricultural high-hygroscopicity polymkeric substance is undoubtedly implements the water conservation effective new way of economizing on water in soil improvement direction, there is huge potentiality to be exploited and wide application prospect, will become the most promising production means with the new-type fertilizer of Fertilizer combination.Extensively, drought-resistant water-preserving effect, can improve soil water-retaining capacity and increase soil moisture content, and improve with the increase of high water absorbency polymer consumption in its effect performance; Also there is the soil water evaporation of inhibition, improve the effects such as saturated soil water content, thereby improve the utilization ratio of water resources.Sustained-release synergistic effect, agricultural high-hygroscopicity polymkeric substance absorbs and keeps the effect of moisture, can reduce to a certain extent the leaching loss of leaching nutrient, significantly improves the utilization ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer, also can improve the utilization ratio of agricultural chemicals.The use of high water absorbency polymer has alleviated traditional agricultural chemicals and the pollution of chemical fertilizer to environment, is of value to environment purification.Improve Soil structure, agricultural high-hygroscopicity polymkeric substance can improve the one-piece construction of soil, strengthens its corrosion resistance.After being manured into soil, can to make surrounding soil be become from consolidation loose for its swell-shrink characteristic, there is the soil weight of reduction and increase the effects such as porosity, strengthen Soil Anti-erodibility, liquid phase of soil is significantly increased, thereby make to a certain extent Soil structure and hydro-thermal situation improve.
Due to its these excellent properties that have in agroforestry, therefore, it is combined with sustained-release and controlled release fertilizer, prepare can sustained-release and controlled release again can water-absorbing-retaining, the research of drought resisting, cold-resistant function diversification fertilizer will cause that fertilizer researchs and produces the once new upsurge in field.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of water keeping fertilizer, deal with the present situation of shortage of water resources, improve the utilization ratio of soil nutrient, thereby improve crop yield.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A water keeping fertilizer, by weight, comprises following component:
Mineral manure 35-56 part, organic fertilizer 20-40 part, Sodium salts humic acids 5-10 part, acrylic acid-acrylamide 1-6 part, ammonium magnesium phosphate 1-6 part, filler 4-16 part;
Preferably by weight, comprise following component: mineral manure 37-56 part, organic fertilizer 20-35 part, Sodium salts humic acids 5-6 part, acrylic acid-acrylamide 1-4 part, ammonium magnesium phosphate 1-4 part, filler 8-12 part;
More preferably by weight, comprise following component: 50 parts, mineral manure, 35 parts, organic fertilizer, 6 parts of Sodium salts humic acidss, 3 parts of acrylic acid-acrylamides, 4 parts of ammonium magnesium phosphates, 12 parts of fillers.
Wherein, described mineral manure be in monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and calcium superphosphate, select one with the mixture of granular urea, potassium sulfate.
Further, mineral manure of the present invention is granular urea, potassium sulfate, the mixture of calcium superphosphate.
Wherein, in described mineral manure, each component is respectively by weight: granular urea 15-25 part, potassium sulfate 10-20 part, calcium superphosphate 10-18 part; Preferably granular urea is 20-25 part, and potassium sulfate is 10-18 part, and calcium superphosphate is 10-18 part.
Water keeping fertilizer of the present invention, described organic fertilizer is selected from one or more in trester, furfural dregs, mushroom residue, dregs of beans, plant ash, silkworm excrement, wormcast, is preferably mushroom residue, furfural dregs, more preferably the organic fertilizer of organic content >=40%.Organic fertilizer of the present invention is known commercially available prod.In addition, organic fertilizer preferably becomes thoroughly decomposed thoroughly before use by fermentation, the organic matter not becoming thoroughly decomposed completely, except foul smelling, also has a large amount of flies, nematode, weed seed, pathogenic micro-organism, harmful parasite to be mixed in wherein, easily causes crop generation disease and pest.
Wherein, described Sodium salts humic acids is known commercially available prod, can be also that the humic acids in brown coal, peat or weathered coal etc. obtains after sodium-hydroxide treatment, and concrete processing means are prior art, and the present invention is not particularly limited this.
Wherein, described filler is selected from: one or more in diatomite, wilkinite, attapulgite and kaolin, and be commercially available known product.
Acrylic acid-acrylamide of the present invention is known product, can produce purchased from Zhengzhou Rui Hui Chemicals company limited.
As preferred forms of the present invention, preferred described water keeping fertilizer by weight, comprises following component: 25 parts of granular ureas, 10 parts of potassium sulfate, 15 parts of calcium superphosphate, 35 parts of organic fertilizer mushroom residues, 6 parts of Sodium salts humic acidss, 3 parts of acrylic acid-acrylamides, 4 parts of ammonium magnesium phosphates, 12 parts of filler wilkinites.The water keeping fertilizer effect of this formula is best.
The present invention also provides the production method of above-mentioned water keeping fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
(1) organic-inorganic complex fertilizer kernel: the organic fertilizer having become thoroughly decomposed is mixed with mineral manure, and granulation again, forms kernel, dries;
(2) ammonium magnesium phosphate middle layer: ammonium magnesium phosphate is soluble in water, obtain nuclear envelope in paste liquid spraying, grain in the middle of forming, dries;
(3) composite water absorbing is outer: acrylic acid-acrylamide is mixed with Sodium salts humic acids and filler, form composite absorbent material, by its swelling in granular urea solution, middle grain is carried out to secondary granulation and be wrapped to form the skin that absorbs water, and air-dry and get final product.
In aforementioned production method:
Production method of the present invention, also comprises the broken step of raw material before in above-mentioned steps (1).
Wherein, the fragmentation of described raw material is that mineral manure, organic fertilizer and filler are crushed to respectively to 0.1-1.2mm, preferably 0.6-0.8mm.Sodium salts humic acids is crushed to 0.1-0.3mm, preferably 0.1-0.2mm.
Ammonium magnesium phosphate paste liquid of the present invention is prepared optional following mode: with ammonium magnesium phosphate, be dissolved in 65 ℃ of water, the mass ratio of controlling ammonium magnesium phosphate and water is 3:10, obtain paste liquid, in spraying, the technique means of nuclear envelope is prior art, and the present invention is not particularly limited this.
Wherein, in step (1), particle is of a size of 2-3mm after granulation again, and the kernel of this size is conducive to coating, adapts to the performance of mechanical fertilization and fertilizer efficiency.
The granular urea strength of solution of using in described step (3) can be 3g/L-7g/L solution, the concentration that optimal concentration is 5g/L.Composite absorbent material is in granular urea solution after swelling, in the middle of step (2) is obtained, grain drops into and wherein it is carried out to secondary granulation, also it is concentrated to obtain better granulation effect that the liquid of visual particular case after to swelling carries out appropriateness, be specially those skilled in the art and grasp, the present invention is not particularly limited this.
The composite absorbent material adding in water keeping fertilizer of the present invention, has good water-absorbing-retaining function, nutrient is had to extremely strong inrichment simultaneously, thereby has good slow-release function, can improve plant recovery of nutrient, improvement soil, reduce rate of fertilizer.
Water keeping fertilizer of the present invention is applicable to all kinds of different soils and crop, is especially beneficial to soil and the crop in drought and water shortage area, can make seed manure, base fertilizer, topdress and use.Fertilizer efficiency is high, has both improved significantly chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, improves output, improves quality, reduces production costs.And, the production method of fertilizer of the present invention, rate of loss is little, and the particle making is more even, and intensity is better.In addition, compared with prior art, fertilizer provided by the invention is water conservation and moisture-holding effectively, improves soil nutrient utilization ratio, reduces fertilizer remaining, reduces and pollutes, and improves crop yield.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the technological process of production of water keeping fertilizer of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and comparative example, the invention will be further described, but be not limited to this.
Embodiment 1
Water keeping fertilizer described in the present embodiment, by mass percentage, feed composition is as follows:
| Granular urea granular urea | 25g, |
| Potassium sulfate | 10g, |
| Calcium superphosphate | 15g |
| Mushroom residue | 35g, |
| Sodium salts humic acids | 6g, |
| acrylic acid-acrylamide | 3g, |
| ammonium magnesium phosphate | 4g, |
| wilkinite | 12g. |
Wherein, N>=46% of granular urea, the K of described potassium sulfate
2o>=50%, the P of described calcium superphosphate
2o
5>=16%, nutrient content>=1% of described mushroom residue, organic content>=40%.
As shown in Figure 1, the preparation method of above-mentioned water keeping fertilizer comprises the steps:
(1) organic-inorganic complex fertilizer kernel: the fertilizer having become thoroughly decomposed is mixed with inorganic fertilizer, and granulation again, forms kernel, dries;
(2) ammonium magnesium phosphate middle layer: be dissolved in 65 ℃ of water with ammonium magnesium phosphate, wherein the mass ratio of ammonium magnesium phosphate and water is 3:10, obtains nuclear envelope in paste liquid spraying, and grain in the middle of forming, dries;
(3) composite water absorbing is outer: acrylic acid-acrylamide is mixed with Sodium salts humic acids and filler, form composite absorbent material, by its swelling in granular urea solution, middle grain is carried out to secondary granulation and be wrapped to form the skin that absorbs water, and air-dry and get final product.
Wherein, step (1) also comprises the broken step of raw material before, and mineral manure, organic fertilizer and filler are crushed to respectively to 0.6-0.8mm.In step (1), particle is of a size of 2-3mm after granulation again, and the kernel of this size is conducive to coating, adapts to the performance of mechanical fertilization and fertilizer efficiency.The granular urea strength of solution of using in step (3) is 5g/L.
Embodiment 2
Water keeping fertilizer described in the present embodiment, by mass percentage, feed composition is as follows:
| granular urea | 25g, |
| potassium sulfate | 10g, |
| calcium superphosphate | 15g |
| mushroom residue | 35g, |
| sodium salts humic acids | 8g, |
| acrylic acid-acrylamide | 3g, |
| ammonium magnesium phosphate | 4g, |
| wilkinite | 10g. |
N>=46% of described granular urea, the K of described potassium sulfate
2o>=50%, the P of described calcium superphosphate
2o
5>=16%, nutrient content>=1% of described mushroom residue, organic content>=40%.
As shown in Figure 1, the preparation method of above-mentioned water keeping fertilizer comprises the steps:
(1) organic-inorganic complex fertilizer kernel: the fertilizer having become thoroughly decomposed is mixed with inorganic fertilizer, and granulation again, forms kernel, dries;
(2) ammonium magnesium phosphate middle layer: be dissolved in 65 ℃ of water with ammonium magnesium phosphate, wherein the mass ratio of ammonium magnesium phosphate and water is 3:10, obtains nuclear envelope in paste liquid spraying, and grain in the middle of forming, dries;
(3) composite water absorbing is outer: acrylic acid-acrylamide is mixed with Sodium salts humic acids and filler, form composite absorbent material, by its swelling in granular urea solution, middle grain is carried out to secondary granulation and be wrapped to form the skin that absorbs water, and air-dry and get final product.
Wherein, step (1) also comprises the broken step of raw material before, and mineral manure, organic fertilizer and filler are crushed to respectively to 1.0-1.2mm.In step (1), particle is of a size of 2-3mm after granulation again, and the kernel of this size is conducive to coating, adapts to the performance of mechanical fertilization and fertilizer efficiency.The granular urea strength of solution of using in step (3) is 7g/L.
Embodiment 3
Water keeping fertilizer described in the present embodiment, by mass percentage, feed composition is as follows:
| granular urea | 25g, |
| potassium sulfate | 10g, |
| calcium superphosphate | 15g |
| mushroom residue | 35g, |
| sodium salts humic acids | 7g, |
| acrylic acid-acrylamide | 3g, |
| ammonium magnesium phosphate | 4g, |
| wilkinite | 11g. |
N>=46% of described granular urea, the K of described potassium sulfate
2o>=50%, the P of described calcium superphosphate
2o
5>=16%, nutrient content>=1% of described mushroom residue, organic content>=40%.
As shown in Figure 1, the preparation method of above-mentioned water keeping fertilizer comprises the steps:
(1) organic-inorganic complex fertilizer kernel: the fertilizer having become thoroughly decomposed is mixed with inorganic fertilizer, and granulation again, forms kernel, dries;
(2) ammonium magnesium phosphate middle layer: be dissolved in 65 ℃ of water with ammonium magnesium phosphate, wherein the mass ratio of ammonium magnesium phosphate and water is 3:10, obtains nuclear envelope in paste liquid spraying, and grain in the middle of forming, dries;
(3) composite water absorbing is outer: acrylic acid-acrylamide is mixed with Sodium salts humic acids and filler, form composite absorbent material, by its swelling in granular urea solution, middle grain is carried out to secondary granulation and be wrapped to form the skin that absorbs water, and air-dry and get final product.
Wherein, step (1) also comprises the broken step of raw material before, and mineral manure, organic fertilizer and filler are crushed to respectively to 0.1-0.3mm.In step (1), particle is of a size of 2-3mm after granulation again, and the kernel of this size is conducive to coating, adapts to the performance of mechanical fertilization and fertilizer efficiency.The granular urea strength of solution of using in step (3) is 3g/L.
Embodiment 4
Compare with embodiment 1, distinctive points is only: the present embodiment water keeping fertilizer is g meter by weight, comprise following component: (granular urea is 15g to mineral manure 35g, potassium sulfate is 10g, calcium superphosphate 10g), organic fertilizer trester 20g, Sodium salts humic acids 5g, acrylic acid-acrylamide 1g, ammonium magnesium phosphate 1g, filler diatomite 4g, wherein trester organic content >=40%.
Embodiment 5
Compare with embodiment 1, distinctive points is only: the present embodiment water keeping fertilizer is g meter by weight, comprise following component: (granular urea is 20g to mineral manure 56g, potassium sulfate is 18g, monoammonium phosphate 18g), organic fertilizer dregs of beans 40g, Sodium salts humic acids 10g, acrylic acid-acrylamide 6g, ammonium magnesium phosphate 6g, filler wilkinite 16g, wherein dregs of beans organic content >=40%.
Embodiment 6
Compare with embodiment 1, distinctive points is only: the present embodiment water keeping fertilizer is g meter by weight, comprise following component: (granular urea is 16g to mineral manure 37g, potassium sulfate is 10g, diammonium phosphate 11g), organic fertilizer wormcast 20g, Sodium salts humic acids 5g, acrylic acid-acrylamide 2g, ammonium magnesium phosphate 2g, filler wilkinite 8g, wherein wormcast organic content >=40%.
Embodiment 7
Compare with embodiment 1, distinctive points is only: the present embodiment water keeping fertilizer is g meter by weight, comprise following component: (granular urea is 20g to mineral manure 56g, potassium sulfate is 18g, calcium superphosphate 18g), organic fertilizer silkworm excrement 35g, Sodium salts humic acids 6g, acrylic acid-acrylamide 4g, ammonium magnesium phosphate 4g, filler attapulgite 12g, wherein silkworm excrement organic content >=40%.
Raw material in above-described embodiment is commercially available prod, and wherein granular urea is purchased from Ningxia Petrochemical company of CNPC, agricultural first grade (GB2440-2001); Potassium sulfate is purchased from Lop Nur, Xinjiang sylvite limited liability company, agricultural first grade (GB20406-2006); Calcium superphosphate is purchased from Shuan Ling chemical inc, Shaanxi Province, seconds (GB20413-2006).Acrylic acid-acrylamide is purchased from Zhengzhou Rui Hui Chemicals company limited, first grade (GB/T13940-1992), mushroom residue is purchased from Cangshan County Ge Runfei industry company limited, and Sodium salts humic acids is purchased from Huifeng, Yichang Fei Ye company limited, and wilkinite is purchased from Weifang global wilkinite company limited.
For further verifying the effect of water keeping fertilizer of the present invention, the present invention has set up following test example:
Test example 1
Design pot experiment, the heavy 2.3kg of every basin soil, every basin 200ml that waters before sowing, sow 45 of little rapes, by every mu, land for growing field crops fertilising 40kg, draw every basin fertilising 4g, before sowing, fertilizer is sneaked in soil and sowing after a week, sowing was made as 0 day, the chemical examination of fetching earth every 7 days the same day.Each is processed and repeats 5 basins, the every three days 100ml that water.
Example 1 test-results
Wherein, contrast as the organic and inorganic compound kernel in embodiment 1 (outer without middle layer and composite water absorbing)
Processing 1 is the resulting water keeping fertilizer of embodiment 1;
Processing 2 is the resulting water keeping fertilizer of embodiment 2;
Processing 3 is the resulting water keeping fertilizer of embodiment 3;
Processing 4 is common bulk blended fertilizer, and wherein nutrient content is consistent with control group, adds commercially available water-holding agent (ProductName: fruit anti-drought water-retaining agent) wherein 100g bulk blended fertilizer adds 3g water-holding agent;
From above test-results, the fertilizer that adds composite absorbent material has the incomparable lock water effect of other fertilizer (as compound kernel only), fertilizer nutrition is locked in soil and is not run off simultaneously, effectively improved nutrientuse efficiency, and then be applied to crop and can improve output, and there is desirable slow release effect, wherein best with the effect of embodiment 1.
The technician of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; that in above-described embodiment and specification sheets, describes just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (10)
1. a water keeping fertilizer, is characterized in that, by weight, comprises following component: mineral manure 35-56 part, organic fertilizer 20-40 part, Sodium salts humic acids 5-10 part, acrylic acid-acrylamide 1-6 part, ammonium magnesium phosphate 1-6 part, filler 4-16 part;
Preferably by weight, comprise following component: mineral manure 37-56 part, organic fertilizer 20-35 part, Sodium salts humic acids 5-6 part, acrylic acid-acrylamide 1-4 part, ammonium magnesium phosphate 1-4 part, filler 8-12 part;
More preferably by weight, comprise following component: 50 parts, mineral manure, 35 parts, organic fertilizer, 6 parts of Sodium salts humic acidss, 3 parts of acrylic acid-acrylamides, 4 parts of ammonium magnesium phosphates, 12 parts of fillers.
2. water keeping fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described mineral manure be in monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and calcium superphosphate, select one with the mixture of granular urea, potassium sulfate.
3. water keeping fertilizer according to claim 2, is characterized in that, in described mineral manure, each component is respectively by weight: granular urea 15-25 part, potassium sulfate 10-20 part, calcium superphosphate 10-18 part;
Preferably granular urea is 20-25 part, and potassium sulfate is 10-18 part, and calcium superphosphate is 10-18 part.
4. according to the water keeping fertilizer described in claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, organic fertilizer used is selected from one or more in trester, furfural dregs, mushroom residue, dregs of beans, plant ash, silkworm excrement, wormcast, and preferably described organic fertilizer is in advance through the fermentation of thoroughly becoming thoroughly decomposed.
5. according to the water keeping fertilizer described in claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, filler used is selected from one or more in diatomite, attapulgite, kaolin, wilkinite.
6. according to the water keeping fertilizer described in claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, by weight, comprise following component: 25 parts of granular ureas, 10 parts of potassium sulfate, 15 parts of calcium superphosphate, 35 parts of organic fertilizer mushroom residues, 6 parts of Sodium salts humic acidss, 3 parts of acrylic acid-acrylamides, 4 parts of ammonium magnesium phosphates, 12 parts of filler wilkinites.
7. the preparation method of water keeping fertilizer described in claim 1-6 any one, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) organic-inorganic complex fertilizer kernel: the organic fertilizer having become thoroughly decomposed is mixed with mineral manure, and granulation again, forms kernel, dries;
(2) ammonium magnesium phosphate middle layer: ammonium magnesium phosphate is soluble in water, obtain nuclear envelope in paste liquid spraying, grain in the middle of forming, dries;
(3) composite water absorbing is outer: acrylic acid-acrylamide is mixed with Sodium salts humic acids and filler, form composite absorbent material, by its swelling in granular urea solution, middle grain is carried out to secondary granulation and be wrapped to form the skin that absorbs water, and air-dry and get final product.
8. preparation method according to claim 7, is characterized in that: step (1) also comprises the break process to raw material before, and wherein, mineral manure, organic fertilizer and filler are crushed to respectively 0.1-1.2mm, preferably 0.6-0.8mm; Sodium salts humic acids is crushed to 0.1-0.3mm, preferably 0.1-0.2mm.
9. preparation method according to claim 7, is characterized in that: in step (1), particle is of a size of 2-4mm after granulation again, preferably 2.5-3mm.
10. preparation method according to claim 7, is characterized in that: the concentration of described granular urea solution is 3-7g/L, preferably 5g/L.
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