CN113994864A - Multifunctional soil composite matrix and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Multifunctional soil composite matrix and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113994864A CN113994864A CN202111245171.7A CN202111245171A CN113994864A CN 113994864 A CN113994864 A CN 113994864A CN 202111245171 A CN202111245171 A CN 202111245171A CN 113994864 A CN113994864 A CN 113994864A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 133
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- WYXIGTJNYDDFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-Q triazanium;borate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] WYXIGTJNYDDFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-Q 0.000 claims description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 22
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 21
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 15
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004016 soil organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003818 cinder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a multifunctional soil composite substrate and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the multifunctional soil composite substrate comprises the combination of soil, organic wastes, nitrogen fertilizer, bio-organic fertilizer, vermiculite, humic acid and acrylic acid in specific parts; the organic waste, the nitrogen fertilizer and the biological organic fertilizer are matched with each other, so that the multifunctional soil composite matrix has higher biomass content and total nitrogen content; the humic acid and the acrylic acid are matched with each other, so that the multifunctional soil composite matrix has higher water holding capacity, and secondly, the soil looseness, the air permeability and the water permeability are increased, the water and nutrient utilization efficiency is effectively improved, and the matrix structure is optimized, so that the multifunctional soil composite matrix is suitable for being applied to northern arid areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil treatment, and particularly relates to a multifunctional soil composite matrix and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The soil organic matter in nature mainly comes from vegetation on the ground, microorganisms in the soil, and residues of soil animals and plant roots. Organic matters existing in the soil have a soil loosening effect, so that the soil embedding porosity is increased, and the water permeability of the soil is improved. Wherein, the water absorption of the humus is 10 times of that of the clay, and the pore condition of the soil is improved. Can obviously improve the water retention of the soil. The humus in the organic fertilizer contains fat, wax and resin, which contain about 80-85% of carbon, 10% of hydrogen and 3-18% of oxygen, and because in the soil forming process of the soil with higher fertility, the humus can infiltrate soil lumps to make the soil lumps have hydrophobicity, the soil wetting process and the movement speed of pipe water are reduced, the evaporation capacity of soil moisture is reduced, and the water holding capacity of the soil is enhanced, so that the soil moisture condition is improved.
However, the problems of lack or surplus of organic matters, serious unbalance of certain nutrient substances in soil, hardening and aging phenomena and the like exist in the current soil, the problems cause the change of certain physical properties of the soil such as structure, water retention, tillage and the like, the change of pH value can be caused by long-term application of chemical fertilizers, so that acidification or alkalization is caused to a certain degree, particularly, when single-variety chemical fertilizers are continuously applied, the phenomenon can be caused in a short period, the negative effect of the chemical fertilizers on agricultural production is controlled, the most fundamental way is to control the input amount of the chemical fertilizers, emphasize the balanced fertilization technology and adopt the measures of soil control, soil improvement and soil degradation prevention in a large scale.
CN110367078A discloses a planting matrix for maintaining soil fertility and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the planting matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of soil, 38-58 parts of perlite, 20-42 parts of vermiculite, 15-35 parts of peat, 5-20 parts of coal cinder, 8-22 parts of humus, 1-10 parts of foam chips and 1-8 parts of ceramsite. The planting matrix for maintaining soil fertility, which is obtained by the invention, improves the granular structure, increases the soil looseness, the air permeability and the water permeability, has positive influence on reducing the matrix volume weight and enhancing the water and fertilizer maintaining performance, effectively improves the utilization efficiency of water and nutrients, can effectively reduce non-point source pollution, optimizes the matrix structure, can play a role in water retention in water-deficient seasons of 3-6 months, plays a role in heat preservation and warm keeping in winter, and can also preserve fertilizer.
CN111635764A discloses a composite matrix for ecological restoration, which comprises soil and matrix additives, wherein the matrix additives comprise agricultural wastes, vermiculite, bio-organic fertilizer and water retention agent; the composite matrix prepared by the invention is mainly applied to the fields of water and soil conservation engineering such as open-pit mine treatment in northern arid areas, ecological treatment of side slopes of expressways, barren mountain forestation and the like; the planting matrix for maintaining soil fertility of the composite matrix obtained by the invention improves the granular structure, increases the soil looseness, the air permeability and the water permeability, has positive influence on the reduction of the matrix volume weight and the enhancement of the water and fertilizer maintaining performance, effectively improves the utilization efficiency of water and nutrients, and can effectively reduce the non-point source pollution.
CN101514290A discloses a multifunctional soil improvement regulator and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: organic waste bagasse and waste bacteria bags are subjected to pile fermentation treatment and are compounded with a macromolecular compound polyacrylamide and modified chitosan, so that the multifunctional soil improvement regulator integrating sterilization, bacteriostasis, water retention, fertilizer conservation, soil structure improvement, soil permeability improvement and the like can be obtained. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) fermentation treatment of organic wastes, namely pre-drying bagasse and waste bacteria bags, controlling 0.5-5% of nitrogen fertilizer and 50-70% of water, and performing pile fermentation and natural fermentation respectively to enable C/N to be 20-50; (2) and mixing the fermented organic waste with 0.1-1% of modified chitosan solution and polyacrylamide according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.5-5: 0.01-0.05 to obtain the product. The soil improvement regulator prepared by the method increases the use of matrix bagasse, increases polyacrylamide with high-efficiency water and fertilizer retention effects, and has the characteristics of shortened growth cycle, increased yield, reduced fertilizer consumption, increased crop quality and the like when being applied to soil for planting traditional Chinese medicinal materials and vegetables.
However, the soil matrix or soil matrix conditioner provided in the prior art has a single functionality, cannot achieve the effects of fertilizer retention, water retention and soil loosening, is high in cost, is difficult to implement and apply in reality, and limits the wide development of the soil matrix or soil matrix conditioner.
Therefore, the development of a multifunctional soil composite matrix with excellent soil loosening, water retention and fertilizer retention effects and low cost is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently in the field at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a multifunctional soil composite substrate and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the multifunctional soil composite substrate comprises the combination of soil, organic waste, nitrogen fertilizer, bio-organic fertilizer, vermiculite, humic acid and acrylic acid in a specific part; the multifunctional soil composite matrix has the advantages of loosening the soil, preserving moisture, maintaining fertilizer and improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil through the mutual matching of the raw materials, is low in cost, is suitable for being applied in a large range in northern arid areas, and has important research significance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a multifunctional soil composite matrix, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:
wherein the soil may be 55 parts by weight, 60 parts by weight, 65 parts by weight, 70 parts by weight, 75 parts by weight, 80 parts by weight, 85 parts by weight, 90 parts by weight or 95 parts by weight, and specific points therebetween, are not exhaustive for the sake of brevity and clarity, and the invention is not intended to include specific points within the scope.
The organic waste may be 1.2 parts by weight, 1.4 parts by weight, 1.6 parts by weight, 1.8 parts by weight, 2 parts by weight, 2.2 parts by weight, 2.4 parts by weight, 2.6 parts by weight, or 2.8 parts by weight, and specific values therebetween, not to limit the disclosure and for the sake of brevity, the invention is not exhaustive of the specific values included in the ranges.
The nitrogen fertilizer may be 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2, 2.2, 2.4, 2.6 or 2.8 parts by weight, and the specific values therebetween are not exhaustive for the sake of brevity and clarity.
The bio-organic fertilizer may be 1.2 parts by weight, 1.4 parts by weight, 1.6 parts by weight, 1.8 parts by weight, 2 parts by weight, 2.2 parts by weight, 2.4 parts by weight, 2.6 parts by weight or 2.8 parts by weight, and specific values therebetween, which are not intended to be limiting in space and for the sake of brevity, the present invention is not exhaustive of the specific values included in the ranges.
The vermiculite may be 2.3 parts by weight, 2.6 parts by weight, 2.9 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight, 3.3 parts by weight, 3.6 parts by weight, 3.9 parts by weight, 4.3 parts by weight, 4.6 parts by weight or 4.9 parts by weight, and specific values therebetween, the invention is not exhaustive and for simplicity reasons, specific values included in the ranges are not intended.
The humic acid may be 2.2 parts by weight, 2.4 parts by weight, 2.6 parts by weight, 2.8 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight, 3.2 parts by weight, 3.4 parts by weight, 3.6 parts by weight, or 3.8 parts by weight, and specific points therebetween, not to be limited by the space and for the sake of brevity, the invention is not exhaustive of the specific points included in the ranges.
The acrylic acid may be 2.2 parts by weight, 2.4 parts by weight, 2.6 parts by weight, 2.8 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight, 3.2 parts by weight, 3.4 parts by weight, 3.6 parts by weight, or 3.8 parts by weight, and the specific values therebetween are not exhaustive and the invention is not intended to be limited to the specific values included in the ranges for brevity.
The multifunctional soil composite matrix provided by the invention improves the granular structure of soil, increases the soil looseness, air permeability and water permeability, has positive influence on reducing the volume weight of the matrix and enhancing the water and fertilizer retention performance, effectively improves the utilization efficiency of water and nutrients, can effectively reduce non-point source pollution, and optimizes the matrix structure.
The multifunctional soil composite matrix provided by the invention comprises a nitrogen fertilizer, organic wastes and a bio-organic fertilizer in specific parts, the materials are matched with each other, and the nitrogen fertilizer and the bio-organic fertilizer have high organic content and multiple trace elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and are matched with the organic wastes with excellent air permeability to serve as a soil improvement regulator, so that the multifunctional soil composite matrix has an efficient fertilizer retention effect; and acrylic acid and humic acid in a specific part are added to be matched as a water-retaining agent, so that the water-retaining agent has an excellent water-retaining effect in water-deficient seasons and is suitable for being applied to northern arid areas.
Preferably, the organic waste comprises a combination of rice hull ash and wood residue.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the rice hull ash to the wood slag is 1 (0.5-1), such as 1:0.5, 1:0.55, 1:0.6, 1:0.65, 1:0.7, 1:0.75, 1:0.8, 1:0.85, 1:0.9 or 1: 0.95.
As the preferable technical scheme of the invention, when the rice hull ash and the wood residue with the mass ratio of 1 (0.5-1) are selected as the organic waste, the prepared multifunctional soil composite matrix has the most excellent water retention effect and fertilizer retention effect.
Preferably, the rice hull ash has a particle size of less than 1cm, such as 0.9cm, 0.8cm, 0.7cm, 0.6cm, 0.5cm, 0.4cm, 0.3cm, 0.2cm or 0.1cm, and the specific values therebetween are not exhaustive, and for the sake of brevity and clarity, the invention is not intended to be limited to the specific values encompassed by the scope disclosed.
Preferably, the particle size of the wood slag is less than 1mm, such as 0.9mm, 0.8mm, 0.7mm, 0.6mm, 0.5mm, 0.4mm, 0.3mm, 0.2mm or 0.1mm, and the specific values therebetween are not exhaustive, and for the sake of brevity and clarity, the invention is not intended to be limited to the specific values included in the ranges.
Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer comprises any one of ammonium sulfate, ammonium borate, urea, ammonium monohydrogen phosphate or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, or a combination of at least two thereof.
Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer comprises ammonium sulfate.
Preferably, the particle size of the vermiculite is 1 to 3mm, such as 1.2mm, 1.4mm, 1.6mm, 1.8mm, 2mm, 2.2mm, 2.4mm, 2.6mm or 2.8mm, and specific values therebetween are not exhaustive for the sake of brevity and simplicity.
Preferably, the vermiculite is prepared by heating a silicate material.
Preferably, the bio-organic fertilizer is poultry and livestock manure.
Preferably, the multifunctional soil composite matrix further comprises water.
Preferably, the amount of water in the multifunctional soil composite matrix is 50 to 70 parts by weight, for example, 52 parts by weight, 54 parts by weight, 56 parts by weight, 58 parts by weight, 60 parts by weight, 62 parts by weight, 64 parts by weight, 66 parts by weight or 68 parts by weight, and specific values therebetween are not exhaustive, and for the sake of brevity, the invention is not intended to be exhaustive.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the multifunctional soil composite matrix according to the first aspect, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) fermenting the organic waste to obtain fermented organic waste;
(2) mixing a nitrogen fertilizer, a bio-organic fertilizer and optionally water, spraying the mixture on the fermented organic waste obtained in the step (1), and stacking to obtain a compost;
(3) and (3) mixing the compost obtained in the step (2), soil, vermiculite, humic acid and acrylic acid, and carrying out heat preservation treatment to obtain the multifunctional soil composite matrix.
Preferably, the mass percentage of the water in the stack of step (2) is 30-70%, for example, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60% or 65%, and the specific values therebetween are limited by space and for brevity, and the invention is not exhaustive of the specific values included in the range.
Preferably, the temperature of the heat-preserving treatment in the step (3) is 30-50 ℃, for example, 32 ℃, 34 ℃, 36 ℃, 38 ℃, 40 ℃, 42 ℃, 44 ℃, 46 ℃ or 48 ℃, and the specific values therebetween are limited by space and for the sake of brevity, and the invention is not exhaustive of the specific values included in the range.
Preferably, the time of the heat-preserving treatment in the step (3) is 12-24 h, such as 14h, 15h, 16h, 17h, 18h, 19h, 20h or 22h, and the specific values therebetween are limited by space and for the sake of brevity, and the invention is not exhaustive.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a use of the multifunctional soil composite matrix according to the first aspect in ecological protection.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the multifunctional soil composite matrix provided by the invention comprises the combination of soil, organic waste, nitrogen fertilizer, bio-organic fertilizer, vermiculite, humic acid and acrylic acid in a specific part; the multifunctional soil composite matrix uses the organic waste which has high organic matter content and multiple trace elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and has excellent air permeability as a soil improvement regulator, so that the multifunctional soil composite matrix has a high-efficiency fertilizer retention effect; acrylic acid and humic acid in specific parts are added to be matched as a water-retaining agent, so that the water-retaining agent has an excellent water-retaining effect in water-deficient seasons.
(2) The multifunctional soil composite matrix provided by the invention improves the granular structure, increases the soil looseness, air permeability and water permeability, has positive influence on reducing the volume weight of the matrix and enhancing the water and fertilizer retention performance, effectively improves the utilization efficiency of water and nutrients, can effectively reduce non-point source pollution, and simultaneously optimizes the matrix structure; the multifunctional soil composite matrix comprises a nitrogen fertilizer and a biological organic fertilizer in a specific part, and is suitable for being applied to northern arid areas.
(3) Specifically, the water holding capacity of the multifunctional soil composite matrix provided by the invention is 112-117%; the organic matter content is 146.2-165.3 g/kg; the total nitrogen content is 3.06-3.24 g/kg.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples are only for the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as the specific limitations of the present invention.
Example 1
The multifunctional soil composite matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the preparation method of the multifunctional soil composite matrix provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) fermenting the rice hull ash and the wood residue to obtain fermented organic waste;
(2) mixing ammonium sulfate, livestock manure and water, spraying the mixture on the fermented organic waste obtained in the step (1), and stacking to obtain a stacking material;
(3) and (3) mixing the compost obtained in the step (2), soil, vermiculite (mica-like substance with the particle size of 2mm formed by heating silicate materials at high temperature), humic acid and acrylic acid, and carrying out heat preservation treatment at 40 ℃ for 20 hours to obtain the multifunctional soil composite matrix.
Example 2
The multifunctional soil composite matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the preparation method of the multifunctional soil composite matrix provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) fermenting the rice hull ash and the wood residue to obtain fermented organic waste;
(2) mixing ammonium sulfate, livestock manure and water, spraying the mixture on the fermented organic waste obtained in the step (1), and stacking to obtain a stacking material;
(3) and (3) mixing the compost obtained in the step (2), soil, vermiculite (mica-like substance with the particle size of 2mm formed by heating silicate materials at high temperature), humic acid and acrylic acid, and carrying out heat preservation treatment at 30 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain the multifunctional soil composite matrix.
Example 3
The multifunctional soil composite matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the preparation method of the multifunctional soil composite matrix provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) fermenting the rice hull ash and the wood residue to obtain fermented organic waste;
(2) mixing ammonium sulfate, livestock manure and water, spraying the mixture on the fermented organic waste obtained in the step (1), and stacking to obtain a stacking material;
(3) and (3) mixing the compost obtained in the step (2), soil, vermiculite (mica-like substance with the particle size of 2mm formed by heating silicate materials at high temperature), humic acid and acrylic acid, and carrying out heat preservation treatment at 50 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the multifunctional soil composite matrix.
Example 4
A multifunctional soil composite matrix is different from the multifunctional soil composite matrix in example 1 in that the rice hull ash is added in an amount of 0.5 parts by weight, the wood slag is added in an amount of 1 part by weight, and other components, the using amount and the preparation method are the same as those in example 1.
Example 5
A multifunctional soil composite matrix is different from the multifunctional soil composite matrix in example 1 in that the rice hull ash is added in an amount of 0.25 parts by weight, the wood slag is added in an amount of 1.25 parts by weight, and other components, the using amount and the preparation method are the same as those in example 1.
Comparative example 1
A multifunctional soil composite matrix is different from the multifunctional soil composite matrix in example 1 in that humic acid is not added, the addition amount of acrylic acid is 1.25 parts by weight, and other components, the use amount and the preparation method are the same as those in example 1.
Comparative example 2
A multifunctional soil composite matrix is different from the matrix in example 1 in that no acrylic acid is added, the addition amount of humic acid is 1.25 parts by weight, and other components, the use amount and the preparation method are the same as those in example 1.
Comparative example 3
A multifunctional soil composite matrix is different from the matrix in the embodiment 1 in that poultry and livestock manure is not added, the addition amount of ammonium sulfate is 4 parts by weight, and other components, the use amount and the preparation method are the same as those in the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 4
A multifunctional soil composite matrix is different from the multifunctional soil composite matrix in example 1 in that ammonium sulfate is not added, the addition amount of livestock manure is 4 parts by weight, and other components, the use amount and the preparation method are the same as those in example 1.
And (3) performance testing:
(1) water holding capacity: taking a substrate by a cutting ring, and filling a piece of filter paper under the cutting ring; then placing the cutting ring in a plate, pouring water into the plate, taking out the soil in the cutting ring after 24h without filter paper, placing the soil in an aluminum box with known weight, and weighing to obtain the soil mass W at the maximum water holding capacity1(ii) a Then the aluminum box is put in an oven to be dried for more than 10 hours at the temperature of 105 ℃, and then the aluminum box is weighed to obtain the dry soil mass W2Water holding capacity ═ W1-W2)/W2×100％；
(2) Organic matter content: testing according to a testing method provided by GB 9834-88 soil organic matter testing method;
(3) total nitrogen content: the test is carried out according to the test method provided by Kai-Law for measuring total nitrogen of soil quality.
The multifunctional soil composite matrixes provided in examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-3 were tested according to the test method, and the test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
| Water holding capacity (%) | Organic matter content (g/kg) | Total nitrogen content (g/kg) | |
| Example 1 | 116 | 158.2 | 3.24 |
| Example 2 | 117 | 165.3 | 3.21 |
| Example 3 | 115 | 159.2 | 3.12 |
| Example 4 | 112 | 148.2 | 3.06 |
| Example 5 | 113 | 146.2 | 3.09 |
| Comparative example 1 | 105 | 157.4 | 3.11 |
| Comparative example 2 | 101 | 158.2 | 3.13 |
| Comparative example 3 | 112 | 148.2 | 2.45 |
| Comparative example 4 | 115 | 145.6 | 2.65 |
According to the data in the table 1, the multifunctional soil composite matrix provided by the invention has excellent water and fertilizer retention effects; specifically, the water holding capacity of the multifunctional soil composite matrix obtained in examples 1 to 5 is 112 to 117%; the organic matter content is 146.2-165.3 g/kg; the total nitrogen content is 3.06-3.24 g/kg.
Comparing example 1 with comparative examples 1-2, it can be seen that humic acid is not added to the multifunctional soil composite matrix obtained in comparative example 1, and acrylic acid is not added to the multifunctional soil composite matrix obtained in comparative example 2, so that the water holding capacity of the obtained multifunctional soil composite matrix is reduced, which indicates that the water holding effect is poor.
Comparing example 1 with the proportion of 3-4, it can be found that the multifunctional soil composite matrix obtained in comparative example 3 is not added with poultry and livestock manure, and the multifunctional soil composite matrix obtained in comparative example 4 is not added with ammonium sulfate as a nitrogen source, so that the organic matter content and the total nitrogen content in the obtained multifunctional soil composite matrix are reduced, and the fertilizer retention capacity is reduced.
Further comparing examples 1 and 4 to 5, it can be found that when the amounts of the rice hull ash and the wood slag in the multifunctional soil composite matrix are not within the preferable ratio range of the present invention, the water holding capacity, the total nitrogen content and the organic matter content are all reduced, which proves that the water holding effect and the fertilizer retention effect are all reduced.
The applicant states that the present invention is illustrated by the above examples to a multifunctional soil composite matrix and a preparation method and application thereof, but the present invention is not limited to the above examples, i.e. it does not mean that the present invention must be implemented by the above examples. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of the raw materials of the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The multifunctional soil composite matrix is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
2. the multi-functional soil composite matrix according to claim 1, wherein said organic waste comprises a combination of rice hull ash and wood residue;
preferably, the mass ratio of the rice hull ash to the wood slag is 1 (0.5-1);
preferably, the particle size of the rice hull ash is less than 1 cm;
preferably, the particle size of the wood slag is less than 1 mm.
3. The multi-functional soil composite matrix according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer comprises any one of ammonium sulfate, ammonium borate, urea, ammonium monohydrogen phosphate, or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, or a combination of at least two thereof;
preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer comprises ammonium sulfate.
4. The multifunctional soil composite matrix according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the particle size of the vermiculite is 1 to 3 mm;
preferably, the vermiculite is prepared by heating a silicate material.
5. The multifunctional soil composite matrix according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer comprises livestock manure.
6. The multifunctional soil composite matrix according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising water;
preferably, the amount of water in the multifunctional soil composite matrix is 50-70 parts by weight.
7. The method for preparing the multifunctional soil composite matrix according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
(1) fermenting the organic waste to obtain fermented organic waste;
(2) mixing a nitrogen fertilizer, a bio-organic fertilizer and optionally water, spraying the mixture on the fermented organic waste obtained in the step (1), and stacking to obtain a compost;
(3) and (3) mixing the compost obtained in the step (2), soil, vermiculite, humic acid and acrylic acid, and carrying out heat preservation treatment to obtain the multifunctional soil composite matrix.
8. The preparation method according to claim 7, wherein the mass percentage of the water in the pile in the step (2) is 30-70%.
9. The preparation method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the temperature of the heat preservation treatment in the step (3) is 30-50 ℃;
preferably, the time of the heat preservation treatment in the step (3) is 12-24 h.
10. Use of the multifunctional soil composite matrix as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 for ecological protection.
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