CN108610199A - A kind of Vegetable culture medium and preparation method - Google Patents
A kind of Vegetable culture medium and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108610199A CN108610199A CN201611113573.0A CN201611113573A CN108610199A CN 108610199 A CN108610199 A CN 108610199A CN 201611113573 A CN201611113573 A CN 201611113573A CN 108610199 A CN108610199 A CN 108610199A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of without native organic culture substrate, it is characterised in that can keep soil moisture, drought-relief, promote plant growth, improves crop yield, including following parts by weight of component：Turf, biomass charcoal powder, Chicken dung, biological bacteria, zeolite.Preparation method includes the crushing of other raw materials such as the preparation and crushing of biomass carbon, Chicken dung organic fertilizer and zeolite, is granulated after mixing in proportion.Cultivation matrix of the present invention is that the reasonable utilization of rural organic wastes has found a new utilization ways, the turf of alternate resources amount increasingly reduction, and organic fertilizer used passes through hot fermentation to the matrix in use, no nitrate fertilizer applies, also the pollution without other harmful chemicals in cultivation reduces liquid fertilizer and uses, and discharge nitrate is less, mitigate environmental pollution, the addition enhancing crop resistance of microbial bacterial agent, resistance；Produce the clean health of vegetables.Producing cost can be largely saved, water source is saved；It is easy to operate, it is easy to learn.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of fertilizers, more particularly to a kind of Vegetable culture medium and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
In recent years, facilities horticulture development in China's is swift and violent, but the vegetable species of many district facilities cultivation are single, Secondary salinization
Change and Soil-sickness Problem generally protrudes, becomes the unfavorable factor of limitation facilities vegetable industry development.Water planting and substrate culture
Equal soilless cultures are to overcome the effective measures of soil continuous cropping obstacle, and the former cost of investment is high, and substrate culture is then current China
The principal mode of soilless culture development provides the water for stablizing coordination, the somatomedin of gas, fertile structure for plant, plays and support, is solid
It is colonized the effect of strain, it is often more important that serve as the effect of " terminal ", therefrom selection absorbs the various sources of manure to root system of plant on demand
The moisture of nutrient and nutrient solution.The introducing of organic fertilizer resource avoids the defect that nutrient solution uses well, and (water is of high cost, has dirt
Dye).In addition, since certain single-matrixes have certain unsurmountable limitations (such as salt content excessively high, easily loose problem), because
This, considers the different characteristics of various matrix, explores the organic substrate with different physicochemical properties and is used cooperatively, it has also become learns
One of the emphasis that persons study.
Turf is to apply wider soilless culture substrate, but reduce rapidly because of turf area in recent years, and occur at present
Quality is gradually reduced the problems such as high with freight, and substituting turf with other organic materials obtains researcher's concern.Agricultural is useless
It is a kind of effective measures that gurry, which recycles, can not only reduce the pollution to environment, but also can be used as regenerative resource.According to
Statistics, China produces about 1,400,000,000 t of agriculture and forestry waste per year, wherein only the crop materials such as corn, rice, wheat yield is just up to 6.5 hundred million
T, but wherein crop-residue incorporation accounting is less than 20%.The research that charcoal substitutes turf causes concern.Charcoal is rich in hole
Structure, phosphorus content be high, containing various active group, have larger specific surface area, pore structure and cation exchange capacity (CEC), in nursery
Charcoal is added in matrix can adsorb in soil not by the moisture and nutrient of crop profit, improve nutrient availability, have certain
Retain water and nutrients performance.
Cultivation matrix serves as the effect of " terminal " so that root system of plant therefrom selects to absorb the nutrient of the various sources of manure on demand
And organic fertilizer resource is introduced wherein, can preferably avoid existing in nutrient solution use by the moisture of nutrient solution, more and more researchs
With water it is of high cost, have the defects of azotate pollution.Zeolite is added in cultivation matrix, can be played and charcoal, organic fertilizer
Same fixed nitrogen fertilizer conservation water retaining function, while being carried along into various trace elements, improve crop resistance and improving crop quality.
Due to continuous anniversary planting vegetable or flower crop in gardening protection facility, since facilities vegetable multiple crop index is high,
Vegetables incidence is high, and apply fertilizer, irrigate, farming frequency is big, temperature is high, evaporation capacity is big, and the beautiful jade that cannot get natural precipitation is washed, table
Layer salinity largely accumulates, and then causes salt stress to crop, influences the normal physiological metabolism of crop and growth and development, serious to hinder
The health of facilities horticulture, sustainable development.The study found that beneficial microbe can alleviate biotic and the salt side of body suffered by plant
Compel, promotes growth.The introducing of bacillus subtilis controlling plant diseases and can alleviate the salt stress of vegetable soilless culture
Injury.
By turf, charcoal, organic fertilizer and zeolite and bacteria agent comprehensive utilization prepare cultivation matrix, not only contain compared with
More organic matter, moreover it is possible to effectively activate nutrient, promote absorption of the plant to nutrient.
Invention content
Organic substrate itself contains certain nutrition, and the selection of matrix formulations is extremely important.The present invention is discarded using farmland
Object substitutes the turf in cultivation matrix, provides a kind of organic ecological vegetable that can be retained drought resisting but also improve quality of agricultural product
Dish cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows：
A kind of Vegetable culture medium, by turf, biomass charcoal powder, dregs of beans, organic fertilizer (cow dung), active bacteria, zeolite forms,
Example meter by weight percentage, specific composition are：Turf 50-60%, biomass charcoal powder 20-25%, organic fertilizer 10-15%, life
Object bacterium 5%, zeolite 5%.
Wherein, the turf is northeast turf, is purchased from market, the content of organic matter average 60% or more, humic acid is average
Content 32%, nitrogen average content 0.81%, potassium average content 0.05%, pH value 5.0-6.8；
The charcoal is made by maize straw, and preparation method includes：It air-dries or dries after maize straw is removed impurity
It is dry, pulverize and sieve≤1cm；Maize straw after crushing is warming up to 400-450 DEG C with 5-10 DEG C of min-1 and carries out anaerobic charing instead
It answers, reaction heat preservation 1.5-2h；Straw charcoal compound is cooled to room temperature, is pulverized and sieved, stalk source organism charcoal is obtained；
The organic fertilizer is that either cow dung Chicken dung or cow dung are purchased from market, water content≤20%, warp to Chicken dung
It crushes, grain size≤40-60 mesh；
Zeolite is purchased from market, water content 20%, through crushing, grain size≤40-60 mesh；
Bacteria agent is based on Bacillus subtillis (Bacillus subtilis), living bacteria count >=1.2 hundred million g-1。
Above-mentioned substance is crushed, ratio mixes the raw material after crushing as following weight percent：Turf 50-60%, biology
Matter powdered carbon 20-25%, organic fertilizer 10-15%, biological bacteria 5%, zeolite 5%, after mixing in proportion, the vegetable growing base
Best %5 >=wt≤10% of water content of matter.
Turf is organic animals and plants remains, as it is a kind of than more rich resource be countries in the world utilize.Turf is not
Containing harmful pollutants, itself contains abundant organic matter and a large amount of bioactive substances, and organic matter, humic acid total amount is made to increase
Add, promotes the absorption of metallic element by complexing, promote the elongation of root；Containing various nutrients necessary to crop, including it is big
Secondary element and trace element provide inorganic nutrients for plant, and enhancing certain micro-organisms activity improves the quantity of microorganism, improves
Soil enzyme activities is alleviated soil phosphorus fixation, activating soil fertility, and fertilizer efficiency and is extended, to improving crop quality and production
Significant effect is measured, soil conditioner is widely used in, produces seedling medium, organic fertilizer, compound compound fertilizer and plant production hormone.
However peat growing medium best in quality is at high price, but it is non-renewable.Meanwhile the agriculture that a large amount of contents of organic matter are abundant
Woods biomass resource is not only resulted in waste of resources, but also seriously pollute environment by random landfill, burning.Therefore, be based on it is economical,
Various reasons such as environmental protection and Vegetable culture medium resource circulation utilization, research and utilization agricultural-forestry biomass waste are produced without soil
Cultivation matrix, and then the feasibility of part or replacing whole peat growing medium in vegetables produce, to develop a kind of price just
Preferably, source is sufficient, cultivation effect is good, the eco-friendly substrate product having broad application prospects.
China produces about 1,400,000,000 t of agriculture and forestry waste per year, wherein only the crop materials such as corn, rice, wheat yield is just up to 700,000,000
T, but wherein crop-residue incorporation accounting is less than 20%.These agricultural wastes are recycled, can not only be reduced to environment
Pollution, and regenerative resource can be used as.The charing of the biomass anaerobic such as agriculture and forestry organic waste material is become into charcoal, not only contains phenol
The various actives groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, alcoholic extract hydroxyl group, enol base, sulfonic group, amino, quinonyl, carbonyl, methoxyl group, and with larger
Specific surface area, pore structure and cation exchange capacity (CEC), added in seedling medium charcoal can also adsorb in soil not by
The moisture and nutrient of crop profit, delay nutrients release, weaken its Transport And Transformation ability in matrix, improve nutrient availability,
With certain fertilizer conservation performance；Harmful substance can be adsorbed, can also be provided for beneficial microbes such as mycorhiza and bacteriums existence and it is numerous
Place is grown, while can promote special monoid microorganism inhabites growth.
Organic fertilizer refer to the general name of the organic fertilizer of composting on the spot such as crop material, agricultural product waste material, livestock birds, it is rich
Inorganic colloid containing the organic colloids such as humus, macromolecular organic compound, living microorganisms and various clay minerals has huge
Big surface energy is the available nutrient warehouse compatible with inorganic nutrients with slow effect nutrient, organic nutrient, contains plant growth institute
The various nutrient elements needed, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium a great number of elements, trace element in Calcium Magnesium Sulphur, zinc, molybdenum, copper, iron etc. can meet
The demand of each period nutrient of crop.In addition, organic fertilizer is also various containing amino acid, protein, sugar, fat, humic acid etc.
Organic nutrient is important nutrient source.Organic fertilizer has other fertilizer irreplaceable roles, such as improves crop yield, improves
Quality promotes the conversion and utilization of nutrient, enhancing substrate microorganism activity to improve crop resistance.The use of organic fertilizer resource
Instead of nutrient solution, saves use water to a certain extent, and reduced the pollutions such as nitrate.
Zeolite is a kind of aluminosilicate mineral of cellular alkali and alkaline earth metal ions, the good, buffer capacity with retentiveness
There is the features such as power is strong, aeration is good, cation exchange capacity (CEC) is high, unit weight is light, chemical stability is good fixed nitrogen fertilizer conservation to be retained work(
Energy.It is added in matrix and plays fluffing action, ammoniacal nitrogen and Potassium release in fertilizer can be efficiently controlled, to extend nutrient in soil
Retention time in earth；The micro-nutrient for itself containing crop needs, can improve ion exchange capacity, be conducive to crop quality
Improvement.
Bacillus subtilis is that one kind is widely present in natural environment, and nontoxic to people and animals, free from environmental pollution is non-
Pathogenic bacteria can generate a variety of antimycotic and bacterium substance, not only have the function of controlling plant diseases, and in certain journey
Alleviate the salt stress injury of vegetable soilless culture on degree, but also with apparent volume increase growth-promoting functions.
Compared with other Common compound fertilizers, main advantages of the present invention are：
(1) producing cost is largely saved, water source is saved；It is easy to operate, it is easy to learn.
(2) a new utilization ways are had found for the reasonable utilization of rural organic wastes.
(3) discharge nitrate is less, and organic fertilizer used passes through hot fermentation, and no nitrate fertilizer applies, in cultivation
Pollution without other harmful chemicals mitigates environmental pollution.
(4) the addition enhancing crop resistance of microbial bacterial agent, resistance；The clean health of vegetables is produced, up to " green food
Product " recommended rate of fertilizer application.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is described in detail below by embodiment.
Embodiment 1 (by weight percentage, similarly hereinafter)
It takes and maize straw (i.e.) was pre-dried using solar energy, wind energy etc., crushing is placed in smoldering furnace (smoldering temperature
400 DEG C -450 DEG C of a certain range of degree control), it carbonizes 2 hours, drying requires water content≤20%.It will be from the biology of stalk
Charcoal (carbon containing 50%~60% butt) crushes and crosses 60 mesh sieve.
Zeolite is crushed to≤40 mesh, it is desirable that water content≤20%；
The chicken manure fermented i.e. Chicken dung organic fertilizer be crushed into 60 mesh sieve, it is desirable that water content≤20%；
Finally by 60 parts of turfs, 20 parts of biomass charcoal powders, 10 parts of Chicken dungs, 5 parts of bacteria agents (dry weight), 5 parts
Zeolite mixing is to get to cultivation matrix 1#.
Experiment setting：
If brown earth garden mould is control CK, if turf processing and above-mentioned organic type cultivation matrix handle 1#, using completely random
Block design often handles 4 repetitions.In May, 2015 is each by brown earth, turf and matrix in the suburban area greenhouse of ShenYang, Liaoning Province
1.5 kilograms are respectively charged into a gallon basin, are sowed after the sterilized presoaking and germinating of rape seed.When seedling grows to 3 leaf, 1 heart after growing 20 days
When thinning, the uniform plant of 2 upgrowth situations is retained per basin, is harvested after 90 days.Each processing uses consistent way to manage, equal nothing
Top dressing.Respectively 1 month after emergence, 2 months, the measurement number of sheets, leaf area, stem thickness, plant height, chlorophyll content after 3 months, 3
Yield, single plant ground fresh weight and single plant underground fresh weight are measured after harvesting the moon, while calculating fresh weight root/shoot ratio.
Early period is grown, the plant number of sheets, stem thickness, the plant height that turf processing and organic type cultivation matrix handle 1# are significantly higher than garden
Native CK processing, turf processing has different with organic type cultivation processing 1#, but difference is not up to the level of signifiance.After growth of rape
Phase, the plant number of sheets and turf processing difference of organic type matrix treatments be not notable, and leaf area, stem thickness, plant height are noticeably greater than grass
Charcoal processing, chlorophyll content increase, and dark green leaf, root system is abundant, and yield increases 5-8% after autumn harvest, is significantly higher than garden mould pair
According to.
Embodiment 2
It takes and maize straw (i.e.) was pre-dried using solar energy, wind energy etc., crushing is placed in smoldering furnace (smoldering temperature
400 DEG C -450 DEG C of a certain range of degree control), it carbonizes 2 hours, drying requires water content≤20%.It will be from the biology of stalk
Charcoal (carbon containing 50%~60% butt) crushes and crosses 60 mesh sieve.
Zeolite is crushed to≤40 mesh, it is desirable that water content≤20%
The chicken manure organic fertilizer fermented i.e. Chicken dung be crushed into 60 mesh sieve, it is desirable that water content≤20%
Finally by 50 parts of turfs, 25 parts of biomass charcoal powders, 15 parts of Chicken dungs, 5 parts of bacteria agents (dry weight), 5 parts
Zeolite mixing is to get to cultivation matrix.
Experiment setting：
If brown earth garden mould is control CK, if turf processing and the processing of above-mentioned organic type cultivation matrix, using completely random area
Group design, often handles 4 repetitions.In May, 2015 in the suburban area greenhouse of ShenYang, Liaoning Province, by brown earth, turf and matrix each 1.5
Kilogram it is respectively charged into a gallon basin, is sowed after the sterilized presoaking and germinating of rape seed.After growing 20 days when seedling grows to 31 heart of leaf
Thinning retains the uniform plant of 2 upgrowth situations per basin, is harvested after 90 days.Each processing uses consistent way to manage, nothing to chase after
Fertilizer.Distinguish and measures the number of sheets, leaf area, stem thickness, plant height, chlorophyll content after 1 month, 2 months, 3 months after planting, 3 months
Yield, single plant ground fresh weight and single plant underground fresh weight are measured after harvest, while calculating fresh weight root/shoot ratio.
Early period is grown, the plant number of sheets, stem thickness, the plant height that turf processing and organic type cultivation matrix are handled are significantly higher than garden mould
CK processing, turf processing have different with the processing of organic type cultivation matrix.The growth of rape later stage, compared with CK, two kinds of matrix
Processing is significantly better than brown earth processing, and the plant number of sheets and turf processing difference of organic type matrix treatments be not notable, stem thickness, strain
High, maximum leaf area is noticeably greater than turfy soil processing, and chlorophyll content increases, and dark green leaf, root system is abundant, is produced after autumn harvest
Amount increases 5-8%.
Influence of the 1 different disposal matrix of table to seedling stage rape
The present invention substitutes the turf in cultivation matrix using farmland waste, and drought resisting can be retained but also carry by providing one kind
Organic ecological Vegetable culture medium of high quality of agricultural product and preparation method thereof.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of Vegetable culture medium, it is characterised in that：By turf, biomass charcoal powder, dregs of beans, organic fertilizer, active bacteria, zeolite group
At example meter, specific composition are by weight percentage：Turf 50-60%, biomass charcoal powder 20-25%, organic fertilizer 10-15%,
Active bacteria 5%, zeolite 5%.
2. Vegetable culture medium according to claim 1, turf (also known as turfy soil) source is northeast turf, containing organic
Matter content average 60% or more, humic acid average content 32%, nitrogen average content 0.81%, potassium average content 0.05%, pH
Value 5.0-6.8, organic fertilizer are Chicken dung or cow dung.
3. the preparation method of Vegetable culture medium described in a kind of claim 1, it is characterised in that：Including drying, crushing, in proportion
Mixing, ratio mixes the raw material after crushing as following weight percent：It is turf 50-60%, biomass charcoal powder 10-15%, decomposed
Chicken manure 10-15%, active bacteria 5%, zeolite 5%.
4. the preparation method of Vegetable culture medium according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：By weight percentage, described
Biological powdered carbon is made by maize straw, and the preparation method of biological powdered carbon is：It air-dries or dries, powder after maize straw is removed impurity
Broken sieving≤1cm；Maize straw after crushing is with 5-10 DEG C of min-1It is warming up to 400-450 DEG C of progress anaerobic carbonization reaction, instead
1.5-2h should be kept the temperature；Straw charcoal compound is cooled to room temperature, is pulverized and sieved (40-60 mesh), stalk source organism charcoal is obtained.
5. the preparation method of Vegetable culture medium according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The organic fertilizer is Chicken dung
Or cow dung, water content≤20%, through crushing, grain size≤40-60 mesh.
6. the preparation method of Vegetable culture medium according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The zeolite water content≤
20%, it crushes, grain size≤40-60 mesh.
7. the preparation method of Vegetable culture medium according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The active bacteria is biological bacteria
Agent.
8. the preparation method of Vegetable culture medium according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：Bacteria agent is Ko subtilis bar
Bacterium (Bacillus subtilis), living bacteria count >=1.2 hundred million/g.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109717048A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-05-07 | 中节能绿碳环保有限公司 | A kind of culture substrate and cultural method promoting Growth of Senecio hybridus |
| CN110692488A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-01-17 | 淮阴师范学院 | Vegetable soilless culture substrate formula and preparation method thereof |
| CN113429242A (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-09-24 | 深圳市博林环保工程有限公司 | Universal planting matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN113728894A (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2021-12-03 | 浙江传化生物技术有限公司 | Flower cultivation nutrient medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN115362907A (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2022-11-22 | 湖南鹞翔环保能源科技有限公司 | Formed cultivation substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN116216947A (en) * | 2023-03-14 | 2023-06-06 | 中铁四局集团有限公司 | Wetland ecosystem restoration method based on total nutrient level |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109717048A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-05-07 | 中节能绿碳环保有限公司 | A kind of culture substrate and cultural method promoting Growth of Senecio hybridus |
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| CN113429242A (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-09-24 | 深圳市博林环保工程有限公司 | Universal planting matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN113728894A (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2021-12-03 | 浙江传化生物技术有限公司 | Flower cultivation nutrient medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN115362907A (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2022-11-22 | 湖南鹞翔环保能源科技有限公司 | Formed cultivation substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN116216947A (en) * | 2023-03-14 | 2023-06-06 | 中铁四局集团有限公司 | Wetland ecosystem restoration method based on total nutrient level |
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Application publication date: 20181002 |