CN106146158B - Special slow-release organic compound fertilizer for grapes and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Special slow-release organic compound fertilizer for grapes and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN106146158B
CN106146158B CN201610517806.7A CN201610517806A CN106146158B CN 106146158 B CN106146158 B CN 106146158B CN 201610517806 A CN201610517806 A CN 201610517806A CN 106146158 B CN106146158 B CN 106146158B
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fertilizer
diatomite
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CN106146158A (en
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陈丽楠
刘秀春
赵文东
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LIAONING INSTITUTE OF POMOLOGY
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a special slow-release organic compound fertilizer for grapes, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 16-22 parts of organic matter combined slow release agent, 4.0-6.5 parts of silicon fertilizer combined slow release agent, 18-23 parts of urea, 18-22 parts of diammonium phosphate, 26-30 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.5-1.5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1.0-1.5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1.0-1.5 parts of zinc sulfate and 1.6-2.0 parts of boric acid. The slow-release organic compound fertilizer has the advantages of low cost, high concentration, complete nutrition, high utilization rate and the like, has the characteristics of obvious yield increasing and quality improving effects and the like, can be applied at one time after the grapes sprout in spring, does not need multiple topdressing, reduces the fertilizing times, reduces the damage of fertilization to root systems, can coordinate the nutrition balance in the grapes and promote growth, and has obvious effects on the aspects of increasing yield and improving quality.

Description

Special slow-release organic compound fertilizer for grapes and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of slow/controlled release fertilizers, and particularly relates to a special slow release organic compound fertilizer for grapes and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The grapes are one of fruit trees with high economic value, can be eaten fresh and can also be used for brewing wine, the planting area is increased year by year along with the adjustment of the agricultural planting structure, the national grape cultivation area in 2013 is 73.3 million hectares, the yield is nearly 1165.0 million tons, and the grapes are in the 1 st position in the world. With the increase of the living standard of people, high-quality grapes are well sold in the market, and reasonable fertilization is an important factor for adjusting yield and quality. The economic benefit of grapes is high, so that fruit growers have high relative investment, and especially the fertilizer consumption is high. At present, the grape fertilization production has some problems, firstly, organic fertilizer is insufficient, a large amount of fertilizer is applied, and the organic fertilizer is insufficient along with the increase of planting area; secondly, the potash fertilizer is less and the application amount is relatively insufficient. The grape has high potassium demand, the amount of potassium absorbed by grape berries is 0.3-0.65 kg per 100 kg of produced grape, the amount of potassium fertilizer applied in a general high-yield vineyard year is 10-12 kg per mu of potassium oxide, and the potassium fertilizer is equivalent to 20-24 kg of potassium sulfate with 50% of potassium content; thirdly, the fertilizer is applied to hurt the root, which affects the fertilizer efficiency. The grape base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer are totally applied for more than 4 times, grapes are deep root crops and are distributed in a soil layer of 20-60 cm, the horizontal distribution is larger than the vertical distribution, fertilization needs to be conducted in a ditch and deep in the soil to obtain a good effect, and multiple fertilization not only damages the root system, but also greatly increases the labor intensity of farmers. Fourthly, the slow release fertilizer in the current market mainly takes chemical coating and chemical inhibitor application, so that the cost is high, and the soil is easy to cause ecological pollution. The silicon fertilizer sold in northern areas mainly comprises steel slag silicon fertilizer, the content of the fertilizer is low, the application amount is large, the grape absorption and utilization rate is low, and the steel-making waste slag easily contains various heavy metals, so that the heavy metal pollution of soil is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the grape fertilizer, the invention provides the special slow-release organic compound fertilizer for the grapes and the preparation method thereof, and the special slow-release organic compound fertilizer for the grapes has the advantages of low cost, high concentration, complete nutrition, high utilization rate and the like, has the characteristics of obvious yield and quality improvement effects and the like, can be applied once after the grapes germinate in spring, does not need multiple topdressing, reduces the fertilizing times, reduces the damage of the fertilization to root systems, can coordinate the nutrition balance in the grapes and promote the growth, and has obvious effects on increasing the yield and improving the quality.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a special slow-release organic compound fertilizer for grapes comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
16-22 parts of organic matter combined slow release agent, 4.0-6.5 parts of silicon fertilizer combined slow release agent, 18-23 parts of urea, 18-22 parts of diammonium phosphate, 26-30 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.5-1.5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1.0-1.5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1.0-1.5 parts of zinc sulfate and 1.6-2.0 parts of boric acid.
According to the slow-release organic compound fertilizer special for grapes, the organic matter combination slow-release agent is formed by mixing humic acid and wormcast according to a weight part ratio of 7: 3.
The slow-release organic compound fertilizer special for grapes is characterized in that the humic acid is produced by extracting lignite as a raw material; the wormcast is prepared from cow dung serving as a feeding raw material.
The silicon fertilizer combined slow preparation is formed by mixing refined diatomite and a diatomite slow-release silicon fertilizer according to the weight part ratio of 8:2, wherein the content of the diatomite in the refined diatomite is more than or equal to 90%, and the particle size is more than or equal to 200 meshes; SiO in the diatomite slow-release silicon fertilizer2The content of (A) is more than or equal to 70 percent.
According to the special slow-release organic compound fertilizer for grapes, the refined diatomite is prepared by taking natural diatomite as a raw material, separating clay and byproducts thereof by physical simple processing according to the gravity principle, and processing the clay and byproducts into high-purity refined diatomite; the diatomite slow-release silicon fertilizer is produced by activating diatomite as a raw material.
The preparation method of the slow-release organic compound fertilizer special for grapes comprises the steps of ball-milling an organic matter combined slow-release agent for 15 minutes until the particle size reaches about 60 meshes, stirring, mixing and reacting the organic matter combined slow-release agent with a silicon fertilizer combined slow-release agent, ferrous sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate and boric acid for 1-2 hours at normal temperature, granulating and drying the mixture in a granulator until the mixing reaction process is finished, and finally mixing the mixture with urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate and bagging the mixture.
The fertilizing method of the special slow-release organic compound fertilizer for the grapes adopts one-time application before spring flowering, fertilizing ditches with the width of 40-50cm and the depth of 40-60cm are dug at the positions, 50-60cm away from the trunk, of two sides of a tree row, 150kg of organic fertilizer is applied to grown trees per mu, the special slow-release organic compound fertilizer for the grapes and surface soil are uniformly mixed and then filled into the fertilizing ditches, and then the fertilizing ditches are leveled.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention combines wormcast, humic acid, slow-release silicon fertilizer and diatomite science to play double roles of organic matters, silicon fertilizer raw materials and slow-release agents, and adopts a green method of fertilizer-in-fertilizer to achieve the aim of slow release. The slow release silicon fertilizer and the refined diatomite are series products processed by taking the diatomite as a main raw material. The diatomaceous earth is prepared from silicate remains of dead cells of algae, SiO2The content of the silicon-containing additive is often more than 70 percent, the silicon content is high, and the available silicon of plants is extremely high. Meanwhile, the diatomite has porosity, larger specific surface area and chemical stability, and is used as an excellent absorbent and an adsorbent, and is used as a high-quality carrier and filler in fertilizer production. The diatomite is an organically authenticated natural product, is safe to human beings and animals, is non-toxic and pollution-free, and is activated to be processed into a high-quality green slow-release fertilizer. The green slow release method achieves the aims of multiple purposes of one fertilizer and reduction of production cost, and increases the slow release effect by the multiple effect of fertilizer coating. The production process comprises the steps of ball milling, granulation, drying, remixing and the like. The compound fertilizer does not contain chemical inhibitor, and has the characteristics of low cost, complete nutrients, long fertilizer effect, obvious yield increasing and quality improving effects and the like. Can coordinate nutrition balance in grape body, promote growth, increase yield, and improve qualityHas remarkable effect.
The invention adopts the green slow release technology, not only enables the medium elements such as silicon fertilizer, calcium fertilizer and the like and the trace elements such as zinc fertilizer and the like to achieve the slow release effect, but also can improve the fertilizer utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer by 10-15%, the fertilizer effect period can reach 90-l00 days, and the urea application amount can be reduced by 15-20%. The grape fertilizer can be applied once after the grape sprouts in spring, multiple topdressing is not needed, the fertilizing times are reduced, and the damage of the fertilization to the root system is reduced. According to the nutrient absorption rule of grapes, the long-acting special compound fertilizer for grapes is obtained by compounding organic fertilizer, major elements, secondary elements and trace elements on the basis of a green slow release technology. The fertilizer has the advantages of good slow release effect, long fertilizer efficiency period, comprehensive nutrients and good fertilizer efficiency. Such as: a large amount of organic matters are applied, the total content reaches about 20 percent, and particularly, the quality of the grapes is greatly improved by applying the wormcast and the humic acid in a large proportion. The application proportion of the potassium fertilizer is greatly increased, the potassium sulfate in the compound fertilizer is 26-30%, and the diatomite has the absorption slow-release effect on the potassium fertilizer, so that the nutrient absorption of the grapes on the potassium fertilizer in the whole growth period is comprehensively met.
The invention carries out years of multi-point field experiments aiming at the preparation combination of the organic matter combined slow-release inhibitor and the silicon fertilizer combined slow-release inhibitor, gradually finds out the optimal proportion of the four raw materials of the two combined agents through continuous summary and improvement, and initially achieves the purpose of increasing the slow-release effect.
Detailed Description
A special slow-release organic compound fertilizer for grapes comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
16-22 parts of organic matter combined slow release agent, 4.0-6.5 parts of silicon fertilizer combined slow release agent, 18-23 parts of urea, 18-22 parts of diammonium phosphate, 26-30 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.5-1.5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1.0-1.5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1.0-1.5 parts of zinc sulfate and 1.6-2.0 parts of boric acid.
Wherein the organic matter combination slow release agent is formed by mixing humic acid and wormcast according to the weight part ratio of 7: 3. The humic acid is produced by extracting lignite as a raw material; the wormcast takes cow dung as a feeding raw material to ensure the bonding effect of organic matter combination so as to achieve a slow release effect, and the raw materials can be purchased by manufacturers such as Jilin, Heilongjiang and the like.
The silicon fertilizer combined slow release agent is formed by combining series products processed by taking diatomite as a raw material, consists of refined diatomite and diatomite slow release silicon fertilizer and is mixed according to the weight ratio of 8: 2. The refined diatomite is prepared from natural diatomite as a raw material by separating by-products such as clay and the like by physical simple processing and utilizing the gravity principle, and the refined diatomite with higher purity is processed to increase the adsorption effect of the carrier. The slow release silicon fertilizer is produced by activating diatomite as a raw material. The slow-release silicon fertilizer and the refined diatomite are products of Jilin Yuantong mining company, and SiO in the slow-release silicon fertilizer2The content of the compound is more than or equal to 70 percent; the content of the diatomite in the refined diatomite is more than or equal to 90 percent, and the particle size is more than or equal to 200 meshes.
A preparation method of a special slow-release organic compound fertilizer for grapes comprises the steps of ball-milling an organic matter combined slow-release agent for 15 minutes until the particle size reaches about 60 meshes, stirring and mixing the organic matter combined slow-release agent with a silicon fertilizer combined slow-release agent, ferrous sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate and boric acid at normal temperature for reaction for 1-2 hours, granulating and drying the mixture in a granulator until the mixing reaction process is finished, and finally mixing the mixture with urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate and bagging the mixture.
A fertilizing method of a special slow-release organic compound fertilizer for grapes adopts one-time application before flowering in spring, fertilizing ditches with the width of 40-50cm and the depth of 40-60cm are dug at the positions, 50-60cm away from a trunk, of two sides of a tree row, 150kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of land of grown trees, the special slow-release organic compound fertilizer for grapes is uniformly mixed with surface soil and then filled into the fertilizing ditches, and then the fertilizing ditches are covered flatly.
Example 1 Slow-release organic compound fertilizer special for grapes
According to parts by weight, 12.6 parts of humic acid, 5.4 parts of wormcast, 22 parts of urea, 20 parts of diammonium phosphate, 30 parts of potassium sulfate, 4.4 parts of refined diatomite, 1.1 parts of diatomite slow-release silicon fertilizer, 1.0 part of ferrous sulfate, 1.0 part of magnesium sulfate, 1.0 part of zinc sulfate and 1.6 parts of boric acid.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing humic acid and wormcast, ball milling for 15 minutes until the particle size reaches about 60 meshes, and then mixing with all silicon fertilizer combined sustained release agents (refined diatomite and diatomite sustained release silicon fertilizer), ferrous sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate and boric acid for 1 hour under normal temperature. And after the mixing reaction process is finished, granulating and drying by a granulator to obtain the particle size of 2 mm. Finally, the urea, the diammonium phosphate and the potassium sulfate are mixed again and then are bagged and packaged.
The fertilizing method comprises the following steps: the fertilizer is applied once before flowering in spring, fertilizing ditches with the width of 40-50cm and the depth of 40-60cm are dug at the two sides of a tree row and 50-60cm away from a trunk, 150kg of fertilizer is applied to grown trees per mu, the fertilizer and surface soil are uniformly mixed and then filled into the ditches, and then the ditches are covered and leveled.
Example 2A controlled-release organic compound fertilizer specially used for grapes
According to the weight portion, 14 portions of humic acid, 6 portions of wormcast, 18 portions of urea, 19 portions of diammonium phosphate, 30 portions of potassium sulfate, 5.2 portions of refined diatomite, 1.3 portions of diatomite slow-release silicon fertilizer, 1.5 portions of ferrous sulfate, 1.5 portions of magnesium sulfate, 1.5 portions of zinc sulfate and 2.0 portions of boric acid.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: the same as in example 1.
The fertilizing method comprises the following steps: the same as in example 1.
Example 3 comparative experiment
The application effect of example 1 is as follows:
test site: the fruit tree scientific research institute of Liaoning province in the city of bear Yue, Liaoning province is located at 40 ℃ in the north latitude, 122 ℃ in the east longitude, 09 ℃, and the annual average temperature is 9.2 ℃.
And (3) test crops: the grape variety is 3-year giant peak with the density of 330 plants/mu.
The cultivation method comprises the following steps: and (4) trellis cultivation.
Basic soil properties of the test field: the soil texture is brown soil, the soil organic matter of 0-40cm is 11.4g/kg, the total N is 1.29g/kg, the effective P is 59.8mg/kg, the quick-acting K is 125mg/kg, and the pH value is 6.85.
Test protocol: 3 treatments (1) application of N-P205-K20 proportion is 1kg of compound fertilizer per plant (CK) of 14-11-17, and the compound fertilizer is applied 1 time after germination; (2) application of N-P205-K20 proportion of 1kg of compound fertilizer per plant of 14-11-17, three times (30% fertilizer after blossom, 40% fertilizer during fruit expansion period, 30% fertilizer during coloring period) (3) the slow-release organic compound fertilizer prepared in the example 1 is applied once by 0.5kg per plant after germination.
Each treatment was repeated 3 times, 24 replicates each time, and randomly arranged.
Test results show that compared with the one-time application control of the common compound fertilizer, the single-grain weight of grapes treated by the slow-release organic compound fertilizer prepared in the application example 1 is improved by 7.51%, the yield of single-plant grapes is improved by 40.65%, the soluble solid content of fruits is improved by 10.23%, the titratable acid content of the fruits is reduced, the solid-acid ratio is improved by 34.0%, and the Vc content is improved by 0.36mg/100 g; compared with the common compound fertilizer which is applied for three times, the weight of a single grape treated by applying the slow-release organic compound fertilizer is improved by 3.56 percent, the yield of a single grape plant is improved by 34.98 percent, the content of soluble solid matters in fruits is improved by 3.78 percent, the titratable acid content of the fruits is reduced, the solid-acid ratio is improved by 20.06 percent, and the Vc content is improved by 0.22mg/100 g. The analysis of all quality indexes is integrated, and the slow release organic compound fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 1 is shown to improve the fruit flavor and the internal quality of the fruit, thereby being beneficial to improving the commodity value of the fruit.
TABLE 1 Effect of the application of the Slow-Release organic Compound Fertilizer prepared in example 1 on the yield and quality of grapes
Figure BDA0001040065260000051

Claims (3)

1. The slow-release organic compound fertilizer special for grapes is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
12.6 parts of humic acid, 5.4 parts of wormcast, 22 parts of urea, 20 parts of diammonium phosphate, 30 parts of potassium sulfate, 4.4 parts of refined diatomite, 1.1 parts of diatomite slow-release silicon fertilizer, 1.0 part of ferrous sulfate, 1.0 part of magnesium sulfate, 1.0 part of zinc sulfate and 1.6 parts of boric acid;
or 14 parts of humic acid, 6 parts of wormcast, 18 parts of urea, 19 parts of diammonium phosphate, 30 parts of potassium sulfate, 5.2 parts of refined diatomite, 1.3 parts of diatomite slow-release silicon fertilizer, 1.5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1.5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1.5 parts of zinc sulfate and 2.0 parts of boric acid;
the humic acid is prepared by extracting and producing lignite as a raw material: the wormcast is prepared from cow dung serving as a feeding raw material;
the essenceSo that the content of the diatomite in the diatomite is more than or equal to 90 percent, and the particle size is more than or equal to 200 meshes; si0 in the diatomite slow-release silicon fertilizer2The content of the compound is more than or equal to 70 percent; the refined diatomite is prepared by taking natural diatomite as a raw material, separating clay and byproducts thereof by physical simple processing and utilizing the gravity principle, and processing the clay and the byproducts into high-purity refined diatomite; the diatomite slow-release silicon fertilizer is produced by activating diatomite as a raw material.
2. The preparation method of the slow-release organic compound fertilizer special for grapes as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that humic acid and wormcast are mixed and ball-milled for 15 minutes until the particle size reaches 60 meshes, then the silicon fertilizer combined slow-release agent obtained by mixing the humic acid and wormcast with the refined diatomite and the diatomite slow-release silicon fertilizer, ferrous sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate and boric acid are stirred and mixed at normal temperature for reaction for 1 hour, after the mixing reaction process is completed, the mixture is granulated and dried by a granulator to obtain a particle size of 2mm, and finally the mixture is mixed with urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate and then packed in bags.
3. The fertilizing method of the grape special slow-release organic compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, the fertilizer is applied once before spring flowering, fertilizing furrows with the width of 40-50cm and the depth of 40-60cm are dug on the two sides of the tree row away from the trunk by 50-60cm, 150kg of fertilizer is applied to grown trees per mu, the grape special slow-release organic compound fertilizer and the surface soil are mixed uniformly and then filled into the fertilizing furrows, and then the fertilizing furrows are covered and leveled.
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102557798A (en) * 2011-12-31 2012-07-11 山东宝源生物有限公司 Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer added with SOD (Super Oxygen Dehydrogenise) analogue and production method thereof
CN104030819A (en) * 2014-06-17 2014-09-10 山东宝源生物有限公司 Moisture-holding fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102557798A (en) * 2011-12-31 2012-07-11 山东宝源生物有限公司 Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer added with SOD (Super Oxygen Dehydrogenise) analogue and production method thereof
CN104030819A (en) * 2014-06-17 2014-09-10 山东宝源生物有限公司 Moisture-holding fertilizer and preparation method thereof

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