CN102093118A - Special fertilizer for corn with water holding and soil improvement effects and preparation thereof - Google Patents
Special fertilizer for corn with water holding and soil improvement effects and preparation thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102093118A CN102093118A CN2009102206239A CN200910220623A CN102093118A CN 102093118 A CN102093118 A CN 102093118A CN 2009102206239 A CN2009102206239 A CN 2009102206239A CN 200910220623 A CN200910220623 A CN 200910220623A CN 102093118 A CN102093118 A CN 102093118A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a special fertilizer for corn, in particular to a special fertilizer for corn with water holding and soil improvement effects and preparation thereof. The special fertilizer comprises the following components in part by weight: 100 to 200 parts of organic substance, 200 to 300 parts of compound fertilizer, 0.2 to 3 parts of active covering agent, 150 to 200 parts of acrylamide, 50 to 100 parts of starch, 20 to 50 parts of attapulgite, 20 to 40 parts of porous inorganic substance, 30 to 60 parts of clay, 100 to 150 parts of acid liquid, 2 to 4 parts of initiator, 0.5 to 1 part of cross linker, and 0.03 to 0.1 part of compost leaven. The compound fertilizer mainly comprises the following components by weight based on effective content: 1 percent of nitrogen (N), 0.45 to 0.60 percent of phosphorus (P), 0.40 to 0.55 percent of potassium (K) and 0.10 to 0.25 percent of zinc (Zn); and hydroquinone and dicyandiamide are 2.0 to 3.0 percent of the consumption of N fertilizer. The special fertilizer for corn keeps certain advantage of a water holding agent; because proportional organic substance, porous inorganic substance, clay and the like are added, the special fertilizer plays a role in improving the structure, organic substances and pH value of the soil; because humic acid is added, the special fertilizer can play a role of urease inhibitor to certain degree; and by matching the urease inhibitor, the utilization efficiency of N in the compound fertilizer can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to have water conservation and soil improvement action corn fertilizer, it is to contain compound manure, water conservation material that is fit to corn planting and the dedicated fertilizer with soil structure improved addictive working substance.
Background technology
Arid and barren is two big factors of restriction agricultural development, there is the arable land quantity of precipitation about 40% to be lower than 500mm in the world approximately, be in the weather condition of arid and semi-arid, often available nutrient content is low for this type of soil, can't bring into play sufficient effect because of lack of water makes limited nutrient simultaneously.For seeking the reclamation of wasteland of living guarantee over-drastic and herding desertification of land enlarged areas, Soil structure deterioration, nutrient balance imbalance, soil organic matter content are reduced rapidly in this case, ecotope is fragile day by day.
The dry farmland rational application of fertilizer can improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, more can improve water use efficiency if cooperate water-holding agent to use, and promotes crop to moisture, nutrient absorbing utilization, guarantees that crop yield forms.Corn is China's staple food crop, plain main fertilising and the soil mineralization of relying on of needed N in breeding time, and corn yield often significantly improves along with rational fertilising.And the corn continuous cropping is especially only paid attention under the chemical fertilizer working conditions arable soil organic content and is descended rapidly, and soil physical property worsens, and the coacervate quality and quantity descends, and the soil aeration condition is poor.Physical behavior that there are some researches prove soil also has material impact to the quality and yield of crop.Therefore, the rational application of fertilizer how when maize planting, water-retaining effect and soil physico-chemical property is improved is the major issue that needs to be resolved hurrily at present.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of corn fertilizer and preparation thereof that has the higher water absorption energy and have the physicochemical character effect of necessarily improving the soil.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention:
Organic 100-200 part, composite fertilizer 200-300 part, active front cover agent 0.2-3 part, acrylamide 150-200 part, starch 50-100 part, attapulgite 20-50 part, porous, inorganic thing 20-40 part, clay 30-60 part, acidic liquid 100-150 part, initiator 2-4 part, linking agent 0.5-1 part, compost fermentation agent 0.03-0.1 part.Wherein composite fertilizer comprises nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, consists of N in its weight of effective content: P: K: Zn=1: 0.45～0.60: 0.40～0.55: 0.10～0.25; Hydrogen a kind of jade and Dyhard RU 100 are 2.0～3.0% of the fertile consumption of N.
Described corn fertilizer is characterized in that: organic is that humic acid and organic materials form (humic acid: organic materials=1: 2-5) through the mixed fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed, pulverizing; Active front cover agent is emulsifying agent (specifically can be farming breast 600, farm chemical emulgent 0203B and/or farm chemical emulgent 0204C); Starch is W-Gum or yam starch; The porous, inorganic thing is perlite, sepiolite, medical stone, zeolite etc. or its mixture; Clay is wherein a kind of or its mixture of wilkinite, opoka, kaolin, diatomite, polynite; Acidic liquid is nitric acid or hydrochloric acid, and concentration is 0.01-0.1mol/L; Initiator is ammonium sulfate or Potassium Persulphate; Linking agent is selected from polyethyleneglycol diglycidylether; The compost fermentation agent is (specifically can be Fu Erde fertilizer starter, monarch's moral microbial starter culture and/or garden, garden biological organic fertilizer starter etc.) such as fertilizer starter or short rotten agent.
In the described corn fertilizer: described humic acid is the peat composed of rotten mosses and/or brown coal; Organic materials is wooden chaff, peanut cake and/or soya-bean cake, through pulverizing the 100-200 mesh sieve, then is fermented into organic ripe fertilizer, pulverizes as composting production through secondary again.
In the described corn fertilizer: the fertilizer that N selects for use in the composite fertilizer is urea or sulphur ammonium, P
2O
5The fertilizer of selecting for use is two ammoniums or crosses stone, K
2The fertilizer that O selects for use is vitriolate of tartar or Repone K, and Zn is a zinc sulfate.It can be applied in down in the corn field on the Base of Liaohe Plain soil, makees base manure and once apply when sowing the seed in spring, unit surface consumption N:120-180kg hm
-2, P
2O
5: 96-200kg hm
-2, K
2O:50-120kghm
-2, Zn is 12-27kg hm
-2
Concrete preparation process is as follows:
Organic 100-200 part, composite fertilizer 200-300 part, active front cover agent 0.2-3 part, acrylamide 150-200 part, starch 50-100 part, attapulgite 20-50 part, porous, inorganic thing 20-40 part, clay 30-60 part, acidic liquid 100-150 part, initiator 2-4 part, linking agent 0.5-1 part, compost fermentation agent 0.03-0.1 part.Wherein composite fertilizer mainly comprises nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, consists of N in its weight of effective content: P: K: Zn=1: 0.45～0.60: 0.40～0.55: 0.10～0.25; Hydrogen a kind of jade and Dyhard RU 100 are 2.0～3.0% of the fertile consumption of N.
1) with organic materials (peat composed of rotten mosses in the humic acid and/or brown coal; Wooden chaff, peanut cake and/or soya-bean cake in the organic materials) pulverize, cross 100 mesh sieves, add the compost fermentation agent and carry out mix, mix back normal temperature stacking two weeks of fermentation (or adopt fermentation equipment to ferment, and keeping temperature is 45 ℃-60 ℃, humidity is 60%-70%, ask during fermentation and can shorten to 24-72 hour), afterwards, airing was made in three days dried (or dried with dry mechanism), pulverizing, got organic ripe fertilizer;
2) starch is added entry 50-100 ℃ of following gelatinization 20 minutes-1 hour, (attapulgite carries out the acidification process and adopts ordinary method to carry out to add attapulgite after acidifying is pulverized then, promptly adopting concentration is 2.0-3.0mol/L nitric acid or hydrochloric acid, soaked 12-36 hour), acrylamide, compost, linking agent and initiator, be warming up to 40-90 ℃ of reaction 4-5 hour;
3) then to above-mentioned 2) add lye pH adjustment=7.5-9.5 in the gained material, be warming up to 90-100 ℃ of 1-3 hour (in the hydrolysis reaction, the alkali that uses be potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide) of reaction that be hydrolyzed, reaction product is through washing, crushed after being dried;
4) porous, inorganic thing and clay are added acidic liquid, stirred 10-50 minute, soaked 3-40 hour, filter, add alkaline solution, adjust pH and be in 3-6.5;
5) with 3), 4) gained material and composite fertilizer's thorough mixing, room temperature was piled rotten 3-5 days, air-dry or oven dry, pulverize after, spray concentration is that the dilution heat of sulfuric acid of 0.8-1.5mol/L is as binding agent in material, the add-on of binding agent is the 0.9-1.1% of special-purpose fertile weight, then carries out granulation in granulating disc; After the granulation particle sent into two cantilever mixing machines, on one side the start rotation, vaporific emulsifying agent sprayed on one side; Dry pack after stirring.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1. fertilizer of the present invention changes traditional unbalanced situation of corn fertilizing, increases the input of K fertilizer, both can improve output, also can improve quality, can also improve the degeneration-resistant row of corn simultaneously, prevents lodging and chilling injury.The present invention also adopts biochemical restrainer, and promptly HQ (hydrogen a kind of jade) is a urease inhibitors, the hydrolysis of control urea, and DCD (dicyandiamide) is a nitrification inhibitor, the control nitrification.In addition, add a certain amount of Zn fertilizer in the composite fertilizer, both helped the growth of seed, help the raising of quality again, influence the synthetic of the interior growth hormone of plant body simultaneously, the chlorophyllous photochemical reaction of catalysis, the photorespiration of promotion corn.
2. used humic acid contains abundant organic carbon among the present invention, is natural organic matter, uses in a large number for a long time and can obviously improve soil organic matter content, adds the porous, inorganic thing simultaneously, can improve Soil structure, improves the soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping performance; In addition, humic acid has the caustic solubility characteristics, and contained various insoluble organic acid can be activated dissolving under saline and alkaline condition, can reduce soil pH on the one hand, reduce the generation of salt damage, the humate of Sheng Chenging can quicken crop metabolism on the other hand, the conditioning plant-growth.
3. starch is a kind of hydrophilic natural macromolecule, with its raw material as the preparation high water absorbency polymer, has low-cost and biodegradable advantage.Attapulgite is a kind of zeopan mineral of chain layer structure, and is abundant at China's reserves, cheap.There is a large amount of wetting ability silicon hydroxyls in attapulgite's surface after the acidifying, not only can with the effective graft copolymerization of acrylamide, and can strengthen the gel-strength of composite water absorbing agent.Simultaneously, contain the required trace element of various crop growth in the attapulgite, as: potassium, iron etc., when being applied to farming, forestry, not only can bring into play water retention, and can play the effect of nutrition.
4. the special-purpose fertile main raw material of the present invention is the natural degradable material, has good ecological benefits and economic benefit.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
With 3 kilograms of wooden chaffs, 30 kilograms in peanut cake, 9 kilograms in brown coal, 0.015 kilogram of compost fermentation agent, pulverize back normal temperature stacking two weeks of fermentation (or the fermentation of employing fermentation equipment, keeping temperature is 45 ℃-60 ℃, humidity is 60%-70%, asks during fermentation to shorten to 24-72 hour), afterwards, three days systems of airing are done (or dried with dry mechanism), become about about 35 kilograms dry product (organic 〉=70%), and carry out secondary and pulverize, cross 100 mesh sieves.
9 kilograms of attapulgites are used concentration 2.5mol/L salt acid soak 24 hours, and 120 ℃ dry to constant weight, standby after pulverizing.With 24 kilograms of W-Gum adding distil waters, 95 ℃ of following gelatinizations after 30 minutes, be cooled to 40 ℃, add 9 kilograms of attapulgites, 35 kilograms of organic matters, 0.9 kilogram, 60 kilograms acrylamides of initiator potassium persulfate, 0.25 kilogram of linking agent polyethyleneglycol diglycidylether and 300L water under the vigorous stirring, be warming up to 50-70 ℃ and kept 3-5 hour.Be warming up to 95 ℃ then, add the sodium hydroxide solution 50L of 5M, kept 2 hours, under 70 ℃, dry to constant weight, pulverize, cross 50 mesh sieves.
With 9 kilograms of perlites, 11 kilograms of wilkinite concentration is 2.5mol/L salt acid soak 24 hours, adds sodium hydroxide solution, regulates pH to 4-8.5, filters, and 120 ℃ dry to constant weight, and pulverizes back and above-mentioned material mixing.Regulate mixture moisture to 30-45%, add composite fertilizer 49.3 kilograms of (12 kilograms in urea (N 〉=46%), two ammoniums 25 kilograms of (N 〉=17%, P
2O
5〉=47%) vitriolate of tartar (K,
2O 〉=60%) 9 kilograms, 3 kilograms in zinc sulfate and 0.3 kilogram of mixing of Dyhard RU 100), fully stir with spiral stirrer, then room temperature was piled rotten 3-5 days, and stir 1-2 every day.Become thoroughly decomposed after dry under natural air drying or 40-60 ℃, pulverize.
Spray concentration be the dilution heat of sulfuric acid of 1mol/L as binding agent, the add-on of binding agent is 1% of a special-purpose fertile weight, then carries out granulation in granulating disc.After the granulation particle sent into two cantilever mixing machines, on one side the start rotation, spray vaporific emulsifying agent on one side, the sprinkling amount is 1.0 kilograms; Dry pack after stirring.
Embodiment 2
With wooden chaff 50 grams, soya-bean cake 750 grams, brown coal 175 grams, compost fermentation agent 0.35 gram, normal temperature was stacked for two weeks and (or is adopted fermentation equipment to ferment after pulverizing, keeping temperature is 45 ℃-60 ℃, humidity is 60%-70%, ask during fermentation and can shorten to 24-72 hour), three days systems of airing are then done (or dried with dry mechanism), become the dry product that has approximately about 800 grams, carry out secondary and pulverize, cross 100 mesh sieves.
With 400 gram attapulgite concentration is the salt acid soak 24 hours of 2.8mol/L, and 120 ℃ dry to constant weight, and pulverize afterwards standby.
700 gram W-Gums are added distilled water, 95 ℃ of following gelatinizations after 30 minutes, be cooled to 40 ℃, add 400 gram attapulgites, 800 gram organic matters, initiator ammonium sulfate 30 grams, 600 gram acrylamides, 10 gram linking agent polyethyleneglycol diglycidylether and 5.0L water under the vigorous stirring, be warming up to 50-70 ℃ and kept 3-5 hour.Be warming up to 95 ℃ then, add the sodium hydroxide solution 2.0L of 5M, kept 2 hours, under 70 ℃, dry to constant weight, pulverize, cross 50 mesh sieves.
With 200 gram medical stones, 200 gram opoka concentration is 2.8mol/L salt acid soak 24 hours, adds sodium hydroxide solution, regulates pH to 4-8.5, filters, and 120 ℃ dry to constant weight, and pulverize back and above-mentioned material mixing.Regulate mixture moisture to 30-45%, add composite fertilizer's 1400 grams (urea (N 〉=46%) 340 grams, two ammoniums (N 〉=17%, P
2O
5〉=47%) 710 grams, vitriolate of tartar (K
2O 〉=60%) 256 grams, zinc sulfate 85 grams and Dyhard RU 100 9 grams), fully stir with spiral stirrer, then room temperature was piled rotten 3-5 days, and stir 1-2 every day.Become thoroughly decomposed after dry under natural air drying or 40-60 ℃, pulverize.
Spray concentration be the dilution heat of sulfuric acid of 1mol/L as binding agent, the add-on of binding agent is 1% of a special-purpose fertile weight, then carries out granulation in granulating disc.After the granulation particle sent into two cantilever mixing machines, on one side the start rotation, spray vaporific emulsifying agent on one side, the sprinkling amount is 30 grams; Dry pack after stirring.
Embodiment 3
With 25 kilograms of wooden chaffs, 375 kilograms of soya-bean cakes, 90 kilograms of the peats composed of rotten mosses, 0.2 kilogram in yeast, normal temperature was stacked for two weeks and (or is adopted fermentation equipment to ferment after pulverizing, keeping temperature is 45 ℃-60 ℃, humidity is 60%-70%, ask during fermentation and can shorten to 24-72 hour), three days systems of airing are then done (or dried with dry mechanism), become the dry product that has approximately about 400 kilograms, carry out secondary and pulverize, cross 100 mesh sieves.
With 200 kilograms of attapulgite concentration salt acid soak that is 2.5mol/L 24 hours, 120 ℃ dried to constant weight, and it is standby to pulverize the back.
370 kilograms of W-Gums are added distilled water, 95 ℃ of following gelatinizations after 30 minutes, be cooled to 40 ℃, add 200 kilograms of attapulgites, 400 kilograms of organic matters, 15 kilograms, 300 kilograms acrylamides of initiator ammonium sulfate, 5 kilograms of linking agent polyethyleneglycol diglycidylethers and 3 cubes of water under the vigorous stirring, be warming up to 50-70 ℃ and kept 3-5 hour.Be warming up to 95 ℃ then, add the sodium hydroxide solution 1000L of 5M, kept 2 hours, under 70 ℃, dry to constant weight, pulverize, cross 50 mesh sieves.
With 90 kilograms of sepiolites and zeolite mixture, 110 kilograms of kaolin concentration is 2.5mol/L salt acid soak 24 hours, adds sodium hydroxide solution, regulates pH to 4-8.5, filters, and 120 ℃ dry to constant weight, and pulverizes back and above-mentioned material mixing.Regulate mixture moisture to 30-45%, add composite fertilizer 610 kilograms of (145 kilograms in urea (N 〉=46%), two ammoniums (N 〉=17%, P
2O
5〉=47%) 305 kilograms, vitriolate of tartar (K
2O 〉=60%) 120 kg, 36.5 kilograms in zinc sulfate and Dyhard RU 100 are 3.5 kilograms), fully stir with spiral stirrer, then room temperature was piled rotten 3-5 days, and stir 1-2 every day.Become thoroughly decomposed after dry under natural air drying or 40-60 ℃, pulverize.
Spray concentration be the dilution heat of sulfuric acid of 1mol/L as binding agent, the add-on of binding agent is 1% of a special-purpose fertile weight, then carries out granulation in granulating disc.After the granulation particle sent into two cantilever mixing machines, on one side the start rotation, spray vaporific emulsifying agent on one side, the sprinkling amount is 15 kilograms; Dry pack after stirring.
Embodiment 3 described fertilizer can be used for 12 mu of corn farmlands, application process: make base manure and once apply when sowing the seed in spring.
1. test is handled
I. N, P, K fertilizer are only executed in contrast, and fertilizer amount is that N is 148kg hm
-2, P
2O
5Be 179kg hm
-2, K
2O is 90kg hm
-2, cultivated area is 12 mu, the maize planting kind is Dongdan 90;
II. will implement the special-purpose fertilizer of reason 3 gained and be used for the corn farmland adjacent with control treatment, cultivated area is 12 mu, and the maize planting kind is Dongdan 90.
2. effect of fertilizer
Table 1 effect of fertilizer in 2008,2009 compares (kg hm
-2)
Annotate: the serious dry season took place in the Northeast in 2009, contain the water conservation material in the special-purpose fertilizer, so output increased obviously.
0-20cm soil layer organic content changes after table 2 autumn harvest
Claims (4)
1. corn fertilizer with water conservation and soil improvement action, it is characterized in that: count organic 100-200 part, composite fertilizer 200-300 part, active front cover agent 0.2-3 part, acrylamide 150-200 part, starch 50-100 part, attapulgite 20-50 part, porous, inorganic thing 20-40 part, clay 30-60 part, acidic liquid 100-150 part, initiator 2-4 part, linking agent 0.5-1 part, compost fermentation agent 0.03-0.1 part by weight;
Wherein composite fertilizer comprises nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, consists of N in its weight of effective content: P: K: Zn=1: 0.45-0.60: 0.40-0.55: 0.10-0.25; Contain hydrogen a kind of jade or Dyhard RU 100 in the composite fertilizer, hydrogen a kind of jade or Dyhard RU 100 consumption be in the composite fertilizer the fertile consumption of N 2.0～3.0%.
2. described special-purpose fertile according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Described organic matter is that humic acid and organic materials form humic acid through the mixed fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed, pulverizing: organic materials=1: 2-5; Described humic acid is the peat composed of rotten mosses and/or brown coal; Organic materials be in wooden chaff, peanut cake, the soya-bean cake one or more;
Active front cover agent be in the farming breast 600, farm chemical emulgent 0203B, farm chemical emulgent 0204C in the emulsifying agent one or more; Starch is W-Gum or yam starch; The porous, inorganic thing is one or more mixtures in perlite, sepiolite, medical stone, the zeolite; Clay is one or more mixtures in wilkinite, opoka, kaolin, diatomite, the polynite; Acidic liquid is nitric acid or hydrochloric acid, and concentration is 0.01-0.1mol/L; Initiator is ammonium sulfate or Potassium Persulphate; Linking agent is selected from polyethyleneglycol diglycidylether; The compost fermentation agent is fertilizer starter or short rotten agent.
3. the described special-purpose fertile preparation method of a claim 1 is characterized in that:
Special-purpose fertile weight consists of organic 100-200 part, composite fertilizer 200-300 part, active front cover agent 0.2-3 part, acrylamide 150-200 part, starch 50-100 part, attapulgite 20-50 part, porous, inorganic thing 20-40 part, clay 30-60 part, acidic liquid 100-150 part, initiator 2-4 part, linking agent 0.5-1 part, compost fermentation agent 0.03-0.1 part;
Wherein composite fertilizer mainly comprises nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, consists of N in its weight of effective content: P: K: Zn=1: 0.45～0.60: 0.40～0.55: 0.10～0.25; Contain hydrogen a kind of jade or Dyhard RU 100 in the composite fertilizer, hydrogen a kind of jade or Dyhard RU 100 consumption be in the composite fertilizer the fertile consumption of N 2.0～3.0%;
1) organic materials and humic acid are pulverized, crossed 100 mesh sieves, carry out mix after the agent of adding compost fermentation; Mix back normal temperature and stack two weeks of fermentation, or adopt the fermentation equipment fermentation, to keep temperature be 45 ℃-60 ℃, ask when humidity is 60%-70%, fermentation and can shorten to 24-72 hour, afterwards, three days systems of airing are done or are dried with dry mechanism, get organic ripe fertilizer, pulverize as composting production through secondary again;
The peat composed of rotten mosses in the humic acid and/or brown coal; In wooden chaff in the organic materials, peanut cake, the soya-bean cake one or more;
2) starch is added entry 50-100 ℃ of following gelatinization 20 minutes-1 hour, add attapulgite, acrylamide, compost, linking agent and initiator after acidifying is pulverized then, be warming up to 40-90 ℃ of reaction 4-5 hour;
3) then to above-mentioned 2) add lye pH adjustment=7.5-9.5 in the gained material, be warming up to 90-100 ℃ of reaction 1-3 hour that is hydrolyzed, reaction product is through washing, crushed after being dried;
4) porous, inorganic thing and clay are added acidic liquid, stirred 10-50 minute, soaked 3-40 hour, filter, add alkaline solution, adjust pH and be in 3-6.5;
5) with 3), 4) gained material and composite fertilizer's thorough mixing, contain hydrogen a kind of jade or Dyhard RU 100 in the composite fertilizer, hydrogen a kind of jade or Dyhard RU 100 consumption be in the composite fertilizer the fertile consumption of N 2.0～3.0%, room temperature was piled rotten 3-5 days, air-dry or oven dry, pulverize after, in material spray concentration be the dilution heat of sulfuric acid of 0.8-1.5mol/L as binding agent, the add-on of binding agent is the 0.9-1.1% of special-purpose fertile weight, then carries out granulation in granulating disc; After the granulation particle sent into two cantilever mixing machines, on one side the start rotation, vaporific emulsifying agent sprayed on one side; Dry pack after stirring.
4. according to the described special-purpose fertile preparation method of claim 3, it is characterized in that: attapulgite carries out the acidification process and adopts ordinary method to carry out, and promptly adopting concentration is 2.0-3.0mol/L nitric acid or hydrochloric acid, soaks 12-36 hour.
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Application publication date: 20110615 |