CN102503630B - Dedicated organic/inorganic compound fertilizer for kiwi and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Dedicated organic/inorganic compound fertilizer for kiwi and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN102503630B
CN102503630B CN2011103250058A CN201110325005A CN102503630B CN 102503630 B CN102503630 B CN 102503630B CN 2011103250058 A CN2011103250058 A CN 2011103250058A CN 201110325005 A CN201110325005 A CN 201110325005A CN 102503630 B CN102503630 B CN 102503630B
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fertilizer
parts
nutrient
acting
kiwi
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CN102503630A (en
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姜兴民
李涛
张�诚
孙应胜
李大刚
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SHANDONG GUANGDA FERTILIZER TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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SHANDONG GUANGDA FERTILIZER TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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Abstract

The invention relates to a dedicated organic/inorganic compound fertilizer for kiwi and a preparation method of the dedicated organic/inorganic compound fertilizer. The organic/inorganic compound fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 15 to 30 of a quick-acting nutrient fertilizer, 30 to 45 of a slow-acting nutrient fertilizer and 30 to 50 of a long-acting nutrient fertilizer, wherein the raw materials of the quick-acting nutrient fertilizers include urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate; the raw materials of the slow-acting nutrient fertilizer include urea, potassium sulfate, ferrous sulfate and weathered coal; the raw materials of the long-acting nutrient fertilizer include ginger plants, pumpkin stems, bean oil residues, rapeseed oil residues and a compound EM (effective microorganism) preparation; and the long-acting nutrient fertilizer is obtained by compost fermentation and granulation. According to the nutrient absorption features in annual growth and development cycle of kiwi, the nutrient composition is accurately designed and prepared to prevent from applying top dressing fertilizers after the compound fertilizer is applied. Besides, the compound fertilizer can meet the needs for nutrient absorption of kiwi in key growth stages and can improve product quality and increase yield. The utilization rate of the fertilizer is increased.

Description

A kind of dedicated organic/inorganic compound fertilizer for kiwi and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fertilizer, particularly composite organic-inorganic fertilizer of a kind of Kiwifruit special use and preparation method thereof belongs to the fertilizer production technology field.
Background technology
Kiwifruit is a kind of nutritious fruit, and its fruit Vitamin C content is high, than high several times of the fruit such as citrus, apple, even tens times.Due to the day by day ripe and good economic benefit of cultivation technique, China's Kiwifruit Culture area enlarged year by year in recent years, calendar year 2001 more than 70 ten thousand mu of national cultivated areas, be increased to more than 140 ten thousand mu in 2009.
Kiwifruit is perennial fruit tree, and its root growth characteristics are, main root is undeveloped, and lateral root is aging gradually with the increase of the time limit, absorbs the nutrient ability and weakens, and absorbs then nutrition mainly by newborn lateral root and most advanced and sophisticated a small amount of root hair thereof.At present only use once fertilizer variety every year owing to lacking suitable Kiwifruit, in production, the Kiwifruit fertilising is used in conjunction with loosening the soil after annual fruit harvesting fertilizer, also needs after the rudiment in spring and fruit expanding period impose the quick-acting chemical fertilizer.In production, Kiwifruit fertilising has dual mode, and the one, ditching (or cave) is used, and this way has been brought the problem of two aspects, and the one, increased orchard worker's labor capacity, improved planting cost.The 2nd, a large amount of root systems has been cut off in the ditching fertilising frequently, and the absorption of impact to nutrient is unfavorable for that output improves; The 2nd, adopt ground to spread fertilizer over the fields, its result, on the one hand because distance root system fertilizer utilization efficiency far away is not high, on the other hand, fertilizer is executed on the earth's surface and is also easily caused loss or volatilization loss.
In the long run, fertilizer is culture fertility, increases soil nutrient elements validity, guarantees the preferred fertilizer variety of Kiwifruit high yield, stable yields.But, because the fertilizer nutrient content is low, only depending on application of organic fertilizers, the yield level difficulty is greatly improved in a short time, and fertilizer efficiency is fast, nutrient content is high, can improve rapidly output.But use merely chemical fertilizer and can affect quality of Chinese gooseberries.Therefore, according to Kiwifruit nutrient demand characteristic, preparing a kind of organic and inorganic compound fertilizer is to take into account long-term fertilization soil, for good basis is laid in stable high yield, yield level is obviously improved and is unlikely to fall inferior first-selection.CN101555170 (200910022116.4) provides a kind of special fertilizer for Chinese goosebeery and preparation technology, and this document is that humic acid is become humate and adds nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer and make through after oxidation modification.This fertilizer also belongs to organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer, but it mainly is comprised of quick-acting chemical fertilizer and organic substance humic acid, its organic moiety nutrient is comparatively single, and does not contain the slow nutrient, and applied once can not satisfy nutrient balance and the needs of each growing stage of Kiwifruit.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of dedicated organic/inorganic compound fertilizer for kiwi and preparation method thereof.The application method of this fertilizer also is provided.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is according to Features of Nutrient Absorption in Kiwifruit year breeding cycle, fertilizer is designed to quick-acting, slow and long-acting three parts, and the ratio of the accurate composite main nutrient elements nitrogen of needs of growth phases different from Kiwifruit, phosphorus, potassium, make the fertilizer of inventing disposable employed, needn't topdress, and satisfy Kiwifruit absorption requirement at main growth phase, reach increase output, improve product quality, improve the fertilizer utilization efficiency purpose.Through field test, obtained good effect.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
A kind of dedicated organic/inorganic compound fertilizer for kiwi is comprised of available nutrient fertilizer, slow nutrient fertilizer and fertile three parts of long-acting nutrient, and raw materials quality part is as follows: 15~30 parts of available nutrient fertilizer, 30~45 parts of slow nutrient fertilizer, 30~50 parts of long-acting nutrient fertilizer.
Described available nutrient fertilizer is to make by the prior art granulation after 5~10 parts, urea, 8~16 parts of diammonium phosphate, 1~4 part of mixing of vitriolate of tartar, 2~4 millimeters of particle diameters.
Described slow nutrient fertilizer is that 5~8 parts, urea, 5~15 parts of vitriolate of tartar, 1~4 part, ferrous sulfate, 15~25 parts of mixing stackings of weathered coal were made by the prior art granulation after 14~18 hours, 2~4 millimeters of particle diameters.
Described long-acting nutrient fertilizer is with 30~50 parts of Da Jiang plant, 20~40 parts of Cushaw stems, 10~20 parts of the soya-bean oil dregs of fat, 10~20 parts of the rapeseed oil dregs of fat, 0.5~1 part of microbial fermentation microbial inoculum EM composite fungus agent, fully to mix.The moisture of adjusting compound is 55~65wt%, and fermentation reactor system fermented 35~45 days altogether, by the prior art granulation, and 2~4 millimeters of particle diameters.
In the raw material of above-mentioned slow nutrient fertilizer, described weathered coal is that to stand for a long time the comprehensive actions such as atmosphere, sunlight, sleet, underground water and mineral substance erosion be the product of weathering to brown coal, bituminous coal and the hard coal of earth's surface or shallow-layer, the nutritive element that contains abundant humic acids and various crop needs, granularity≤80 mesh sieves, the commercially available prod.Preferably, organic content 〉=50%.
In the raw material of above-mentioned long-acting nutrient fertilizer, the described soya-bean oil dregs of fat, the rapeseed oil dregs of fat are residues that grease that the oil pressing factory utilizes squeezing process that soybean and Semen Brassicae campestris are squeezed out leaches when filtering.Described Da Jiang plant is over-ground part, and Cushaw stem is the ground plant part after picking fruit, and both are air-dry thing.
Described microbial fermentation microbial inoculum is EM composite fungus agent (EM is the abbreviation of EffectiveMicroorganesms), and it is with 5 sections' 10 genus 80 multiple-microorganisms such as photosynthetic bacteria group, yeast flora, lactobacillus, actinomycete group, mycorhiza flora compound a kind of typing microbial inoculum of cultivating in same state.Be brown translucent liquid, the pH value is between 3.5~4.5.Market is on sale.
Above-mentioned urea, diammonium phosphate, vitriolate of tartar, ferrous sulfate are the commercially available prod.
According to the present invention, preferred, dedicated organic/inorganic compound fertilizer for kiwi, raw materials quality part is as follows:
24~26 parts of available nutrient fertilizer; 33~37 parts of slow nutrient fertilizer; 38~42 parts of long-acting nutrient fertilizer.
Wherein, further preferred, available nutrient fertilizer is to make by the prior art granulation after 8.5~9.5 parts, urea, 12~14 parts of diammonium phosphate, 2.5~3.5 parts of mixing of vitriolate of tartar; Slow nutrient fertilizer is that 6~7 parts, urea, 8.5~9.5 parts of vitriolate of tartar, 1.5~2.5 parts, ferrous sulfate, 17~18 parts of mixing stackings of weathered coal were made by the prior art granulation after 15-16 hour.
The preparation method of dedicated organic/inorganic compound fertilizer for kiwi of the present invention is as follows:
(1) preparation of available nutrient fertilizer: make 2~4 millimeters of particle diameters after getting urea, diammonium phosphate, vitriolate of tartar mixing by proportioning by the prior art granulation.
(2) preparation of slow nutrient fertilizer: get urea, vitriolate of tartar, ferrous sulfate, weathered coal by proportioning, fully mixing.Spray moisture, make the moisture content of compound reach 18~25wt%, placed 8~10 hours; Turning, then placed 6~8 hours.Make 2~4 millimeters of particle diameters by the prior art granulation.
(3) preparation of long-acting nutrient fertilizer: Da Jiang plant, Cushaw stem are crushed to length below 0.5 centimetre, standby.
Get Da Jiang plant, Cushaw stem, the soya-bean oil dregs of fat, the rapeseed oil dregs of fat, microbial fermentation microbial inoculum EM composite fungus agent by proportioning, fully mix.The moisture of adjusting compound is 55~65wt%, fermentation reactor system, and when temperature rises to 55 ℃ of timing, fermentation reactor system 7~8 days.Turning, temperature rise to 50 ℃ of timing again, fermentation reactor system 5~6 days.So operation repeats 2 times, ferments altogether 35~45 days.Get fermentation material.Press prior art with the fermentation material granulation, 2~4 millimeters of particle diameters.
(4) available nutrient with above-mentioned steps (1)-(3) preparation is fertile, the slow nutrient is fertile, long-acting nutrient fertilizer is put into stirrer by proportioning and stirred, and namely gets product of the present invention.
The application of dedicated organic/inorganic compound fertilizer for kiwi of the present invention, rate of fertilizer application are 5~10 kilograms of the annual every strains of Kiwifruit bearing tree, 3~5 kilograms of the annual every strains of Kiwifruit treelet.Fertilizing method is, after the previous year fruit harvesting, digs the ditch of dark 20~40 centimetres on tree crown edge projection line, applies fertilizer and part soil and mixes afterwards that earthing waters.Other management is carried out according to a conventional method.
Excellent results of the present invention is as follows:
1. the nutrient status in fertilizer can satisfy Kiwifruit year different growing needs
Organic and inorganic compound fertilizer of the present invention, formed by three parts by the fertilizer efficiency speed of nutrient to Kiwifruit, be quick-acting parts, slow part and long-acting part, be manured into soil and substantially meet Kiwifruit absorption requirement rear time of releasing, be conducive to absorbing of nutrient, satisfy Kiwifruit year different growing needs.
2. the nutrient proportioning is fit to Kiwifruit absorption requirement
Fertilizer of the present invention is according to the demand of different growth phases in Kiwifruit year breeding cycle to nutrient, selects different nutritive substances accurately to coordinate and forms, and the nutrient reasonable ratio, with strong points.
3. single fertilization, save labour cost
Dedicated organic/inorganic compound fertilizer for kiwi of the present invention partly is comprised of the fertilizer of different release rate, and the fertilizer efficiency time is long, can disposablely use as base manure, and fertilizer application frequency reduces, and saves fertilising labour cost.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment, but be not limited to this.Raw material consumption umber in embodiment is mass parts, and all per-cents are mass percent.
The soya-bean oil dregs of fat and the rapeseed oil dregs of fat are that Shandong wide life limited-liability company produces; The microbial fermentation microbial inoculum is the EM composite fungus agent, and Jiangxi Tianyi Biologic Technology Development Co., Ltd. produces.
Embodiment 1: dedicated organic/inorganic compound fertilizer for kiwi, and raw material is composed as follows:
Fertile 20 kilograms of available nutrient; Fertile 30 kilograms of slow nutrient; Fertile 50 kilograms of long-acting nutrient.
The preparation method:
(1) preparation of available nutrient fertilizer: get 10 kilograms of 8 kilograms, urea, the diammonium phosphate, 2 kilograms of the vitriolate of tartar that were crushed to 80 mesh sieves, make 2~4 millimeters of particle diameters after mixing by the prior art granulation.
(2) preparation of slow nutrient fertilizer: get 2 kilograms, 7 kilograms of 6 kilograms, urea, vitriolate of tartar, the ferrous sulfate, 15 kilograms of the weathered coals that were crushed to 80 mesh sieves, fully mixing.Spray moisture, make the moisture content of compound reach 19wt%, placed 8 hours; Turning, then placed 8 hours.By the prior art granulation, 2~4 millimeters of particle diameters.And get final product.
(3) preparation of long-acting nutrient fertilizer: Da Jiang plant, Cushaw stem are crushed to length below 0.5 centimetre, standby.
Get 35 kilograms of Da Jiang plant, 35 kilograms of Cushaw stems, 20 kilograms of the soya-bean oil dregs of fat, 10 kilograms of the rapeseed oil dregs of fat, 0.5 kilogram of microbial fermentation microbial inoculum EM composite fungus agent, fully mix.The moisture of adjusting compound is 58wt%, fermentation reactor system, timing when temperature rises to 55 ℃, heap fermentation 7 days; Timing when turning, temperature rise to 50 ℃ again, heap fermentation 5 days.So operation repeats 2 times again, ferments altogether 36 days, gets fermentation material, presses prior art with the fermentation material granulation, 2~4 millimeters of particle diameters.
(4) fertile 50 kilograms of fertile 30 kilograms of fertile 20 kilograms of available nutrient, the slow nutrient of above-mentioned steps preparation, long-acting nutrient put into stirrer and stirred and namely get product of the present invention.
Embodiment 2: dedicated organic/inorganic compound fertilizer for kiwi, and raw material is composed as follows:
Fertile 30 kilograms of available nutrient; Fertile 40 kilograms of slow nutrient; Fertile 30 kilograms of long-acting nutrient.
The fertile raw material of described available nutrient is: 10 kilograms, urea, 16 kilograms of diammonium phosphate, 4 kilograms of vitriolate of tartar, the preparation method is with embodiment 1.
The preparation of described slow nutrient fertilizer: get 3 kilograms, 10 kilograms of 7 kilograms, urea, vitriolate of tartar, the ferrous sulfate, 20 kilograms of the weathered coals that were crushed to 80 mesh sieves, fully mixing.Spray moisture, make the moisture content of compound reach 23wt%, placed 10 hours; Turning, then placed 6 hours.By the prior art granulation, 2~4 millimeters of particle diameters.And get final product.
The preparation of described long-acting nutrient fertilizer: Da Jiang plant, Cushaw stem are crushed to length below 0.5 centimetre, standby.
Get 45 kilograms of Da Jiang plant, 25 kilograms of Cushaw stems, 10 kilograms of the soya-bean oil dregs of fat, 20 kilograms of the rapeseed oil dregs of fat, 1.0 kilograms of microbial fermentation microbial inoculum EM composite fungus agents, fully mix.The moisture of adjusting compound is 63wt%, fermentation reactor system, timing when temperature rises to 55 ℃, heap fermentation 8 days; Timing when turning, temperature rise to 50 ℃ again, heap fermentation 6 days.So operation repeats 2 times again, ferments altogether 42 days, gets fermentation material, presses prior art with the fermentation material granulation, 2~4 millimeters of particle diameters.
Available nutrient fertilizer, the slow nutrient of above-mentioned steps preparation is fertile, long-acting nutrient fertilizer stirs by proportioning and get final product.
Embodiment 3: dedicated organic/inorganic compound fertilizer for kiwi, and raw material is composed as follows:
Fertile 15 kilograms of available nutrient; Fertile 45 kilograms of slow nutrient; Fertile 40 kilograms of long-acting nutrient.
The preparation method is with embodiment 1, and difference is:
The fertile raw material of described available nutrient is: 5 kilograms, urea, 9 kilograms of diammonium phosphate, 1 kilogram of vitriolate of tartar, the fertile raw material of described slow nutrient is: 8 kilograms, urea, 12 kilograms of vitriolate of tartar, 2.5 kilograms, ferrous sulfate, 22.5 kilograms of weathered coals.
Embodiment 4: dedicated organic/inorganic compound fertilizer for kiwi, and raw material is composed as follows:
Fertile 25 kilograms of available nutrient; Fertile 35 kilograms of slow nutrient; Fertile 40 kilograms of long-acting nutrient.
The preparation method is with embodiment 2, and difference is:
The fertile raw material of described available nutrient is: 9 kilograms, urea, 13 kilograms of diammonium phosphate, 3 kilograms of vitriolate of tartar.The fertile raw material of described slow nutrient is: 6.5 kilograms, urea, 9 kilograms of vitriolate of tartar, 2 kilograms, ferrous sulfate, 17.5 kilograms of weathered coals.Comparative Examples: common composite organic-inorganic fertilizer, Shandong Guangda Fertilizer Technology Co., Ltd. produces, organic content 23%, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium total nutrient 16%.Be mass percent.
The effect of above embodiment 1~4 and Comparative Examples is as follows:
Test site: Boshan District, Shandong Province, Xixia, Henan.
Test period: year October in October, 2010 to 2011.
For trying Kiwifruit Cultivars: two places are Hayward all, the age of tree 6 years.
Embodiment 1-4 is identical with the Comparative Examples fertilizer amount, 8 kilograms of annual every strains.Embodiment is identical with Comparative Examples fertilizer fertilizing method, and is all disposable employed after the previous year fruit harvesting.Fertilizing method is to dig the ditch of dark 30 centimetres on tree crown edge projection line, and after applying fertilizer and part soil mixing, earthing waters.Other management is carried out according to a conventional method.Effect sees Table 1.
Table 1. is compared the application effect of embodiment 1-4 with Comparative Examples
Figure BDA0000101441970000041

Claims (1)

1. a dedicated organic/inorganic compound fertilizer for kiwi, is characterized in that being comprised of available nutrient fertilizer, slow nutrient fertilizer and fertile three parts of long-acting nutrient, and raw materials quality part is as follows: 15~30 parts of available nutrient fertilizer; 30~45 parts of slow nutrient fertilizer; 30~50 parts of long-acting nutrient fertilizer;
Described available nutrient fertilizer is to make by the prior art granulation after 5~10 parts, urea, 8~16 parts of diammonium phosphate, 1~4 part of mixing of vitriolate of tartar, 2~4 millimeters of particle diameters;
Described slow nutrient fertilizer is that 5~8 parts, urea, 5~15 parts of vitriolate of tartar, 1~4 part, ferrous sulfate, 15~25 parts of mixing stackings of weathered coal were made by the prior art granulation after 14~18 hours, 2~4 millimeters of particle diameters;
Described long-acting nutrient fertilizer is with 30~50 parts of Da Jiang plant, 20~40 parts of Cushaw stems, 10~20 parts of the soya-bean oil dregs of fat, 10~20 parts of the rapeseed oil dregs of fat, 0.5~1 part of microbial fermentation microbial inoculum EM composite fungus agent, fully mixes; Described Da Jiang plant is over-ground part; The moisture of adjusting compound is 55~65wt%, and fermentation reactor system fermented 35~45 days altogether, by the prior art granulation, and 2~4 millimeters of particle diameters.
2, dedicated organic/inorganic compound fertilizer for kiwi according to claim 1 is characterized in that raw materials quality part is as follows:
24~26 parts of available nutrient fertilizer; 33~37 parts of slow nutrient fertilizer; 38~42 parts of long-acting nutrient fertilizer;
Wherein, available nutrient fertilizer is to make by the prior art granulation after 8.5~9.5 parts, urea, 12~14 parts of diammonium phosphate, 2.5~3.5 parts of mixing of vitriolate of tartar; Slow nutrient fertilizer is that 6~7 parts, urea, 8.5~9.5 parts of vitriolate of tartar, 1.5~2.5 parts, ferrous sulfate, 17~18 parts of mixing stackings of weathered coal were made by the prior art granulation after 15~16 hours.
3, the preparation method of claim 1 or 2 described dedicated organic/inorganic compound fertilizer for kiwi, step is as follows:
(1) preparation of available nutrient fertilizer: make 2~4 millimeters of particle diameters after getting urea, diammonium phosphate, vitriolate of tartar mixing by proportioning by the prior art granulation;
(2) preparation of slow nutrient fertilizer: get urea, vitriolate of tartar, ferrous sulfate, weathered coal by proportioning, fully mixing, spray moisture, makes the moisture content of compound reach 18~25 wt %, placed 8~10 hours; Turning, then placed 6~8 hours; Make 2~4 millimeters of particle diameters by the prior art granulation;
(3) preparation of long-acting nutrient fertilizer: Da Jiang plant, Cushaw stem are crushed to length below 0.5 centimetre, standby;
Get Da Jiang plant, Cushaw stem, the soya-bean oil dregs of fat, the rapeseed oil dregs of fat, microbial fermentation microbial inoculum EM composite fungus agent by proportioning, fully mix; The moisture of adjusting compound is 55~65 wt %, and fermentation reactor system is when temperature rises to 55 oThe C timing, fermentation reactor system 7~8 days; Turning, temperature rises to 50 oThe C timing, fermentation reactor system 5~6 days; So operation repeats 2 times, ferments altogether 36~42 days; Get fermentation material; Press prior art with the fermentation material granulation, 2~4 millimeters of particle diameters;
(4) available nutrient with above-mentioned steps (1)-(3) preparation is fertile, the slow nutrient is fertile, long-acting nutrient fertilizer is put into stirrer by proportioning and stirred, and namely gets product.
4, the application of claim 1 or 2 described dedicated organic/inorganic compound fertilizer for kiwi, wherein, the rate of fertilizer application of described dedicated organic/inorganic compound fertilizer for kiwi is 5~10 kilograms of the annual every strains of Kiwifruit bearing tree, 3~5 kilograms of the annual every strains of Kiwifruit treelet; Fertilizing method is, after the previous year fruit harvesting, digs the ditch of dark 20~40 centimetres on tree crown edge projection line, applies fertilizer and part soil and mixes afterwards that earthing waters.
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CN103804047A (en) * 2014-01-21 2014-05-21 中国科学院武汉植物园 Special fertilizer for Hongyang kiwifruit and fertilizing method
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