CN113348988A - Chemical fertilizer reduction and synergism method for pepper planting - Google Patents
Chemical fertilizer reduction and synergism method for pepper planting Download PDFInfo
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- CN113348988A CN113348988A CN202110305736.XA CN202110305736A CN113348988A CN 113348988 A CN113348988 A CN 113348988A CN 202110305736 A CN202110305736 A CN 202110305736A CN 113348988 A CN113348988 A CN 113348988A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of pepper planting, and discloses a chemical fertilizer decrement and synergism method for pepper planting, which comprises the steps of acquiring soil for detection, knowing soil nutrient data and analyzing the abundant condition of soil nutrients; integrating a chemical fertilizer decrement and efficiency increase fertilization index system of the peppers, and calculating the highest yield and the optimal economic fertilization amount of the peppers through functions; reducing the dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium according to the requirement of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the pepper and the land fertility level, and replacing part of the reduced fertilizer with organic fertilizer; irrigation and fertilization are integrated, and water and fertilizer are directly conveyed to the root of the hot pepper through a pipeline by a pressure system; the arrow-tongue peas, milk vetch, peas, broad beans and fertile field radishes are planted for 3 years and are turned over and returned to the field. The invention improves the yield and quality of the pepper, increases the economic benefit and the income of pepper farmers, reduces the application amount of chemical fertilizer, reduces the influence of the application of the chemical fertilizer on the ecological environment, promotes the development of pepper industry and the green development of agricultural production, and realizes the aims of agricultural efficiency improvement and income increase of farmers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pepper planting, and particularly relates to a chemical fertilizer decrement and synergism method for pepper planting.
Background
At present: the planting of peppers in Zunyi markets has more than 300 years of history, the planting area is rapidly increased in recent years, the planting area reaches 200 mu of acre in 2016 years, the dry peppers are 40 million tons, and the output value is 60 million yuan. The pepper has become an important dominant and characteristic industry in accordance with the city, and the government of the municipal administration points out that the pepper industry is forced to be made strong depending on the intrinsic resources, so that the pepper is made to become one of important leading industries in accordance with the rich agriculture, the strong agriculture, the good profit of the people and the vogue of the county.
As most pepper farmers in the project area have low knowledge level and are slow in accepting new technology, the traditional habit is continued to apply fertilizers by experience due to the fact that fertilizer selection and fertilizer matching application are kept old, and the increase of the fertilizer consumption is regarded as an important factor for increasing the yield. There are many problems in pepper fertilization, mainly: blind fertilization, empirical fertilization, excessive fertilization and unreasonable fertilizer structure (N: P)205:K20 to 1:0.5:0.7), insufficient application amount of organic fertilizer and medium trace elements, more importance on urea and phosphate fertilizer but insufficient application of potassium fertilizer, and the like, and the water-fertilizer integrated modern fertilization technology is absent, so that the awareness on farmland protection is poor, and the green manure planting area is small. The unscientific fertilization and the lack of protection on the utilization of soil affect the yield and the quality of the pepper, reduce the economic benefit of pepper planting, affect the coordinated supply of soil nutrients and the soil property and production capacity, and also have certain influence on the ecological environment.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows:
(1) the traditional pepper fertilization mode adopts blind fertilization and empirical fertilization, so that the problems of excessive fertilization and unreasonable fertilizer structure are easily caused.
(2) The fertilizer application is unscientific, the utilization of soil is lack of protection, the yield and the quality of the pepper are influenced, the economic benefit of pepper planting is reduced, the coordinated supply of soil nutrients and the soil property and the production capacity are influenced, and meanwhile, the ecological environment is influenced to a certain extent.
The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is: the yield, quality and economic benefit of the hot pepper and the soil quality are ensured while the fertilizer consumption is reduced.
The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: the yield and the quality of the pepper are improved, and the economic benefit and the income of pepper farmers are increased. The application amount of the chemical fertilizer is reduced, the influence of the chemical fertilizer on the ecological environment is reduced, the development of the pepper industry is promoted, the green development of agricultural production is promoted, and the purposes of agricultural efficiency improvement and farmer income increase are achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a chemical fertilizer decrement and synergism method for pepper planting.
The invention is realized in such a way that a chemical fertilizer decrement and synergy method for pepper planting comprises the following steps:
step one, soil testing and formulated fertilization: soil is collected for detection, soil nutrient data are known, and the abundance condition of soil nutrients is analyzed;
integrating a chemical fertilizer decrement and efficiency increase fertilization index system of the peppers, establishing a pepper ternary secondary fertilization function effect model and a pepper unitary secondary fertilization function effect model, and calculating the highest yield and the optimal economic fertilization amount of the peppers through functions;
the first step includes the contents of the second step.
Step three, replacing the fertilizer with the organic fertilizer: reducing the dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium according to the requirement of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the pepper and the land fertility level, and replacing part of the reduced fertilizer with organic fertilizer;
step four, integrating water and fertilizer: irrigation and fertilization are integrated, and water and fertilizer are directly conveyed to the roots of the peppers through a pipeline through a pressure system.
Step five, planting green manure to return the field: the arrow-tongue peas, milk vetch, peas, broad beans and fertile field radishes are planted for 3 years and are turned over and returned to the field.
Further, in the first step, when the collected soil is detected, the pH value of soil nutrients, organic matters, total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus, slow-acting potassium and quick-acting potassium are detected.
Further, in the second step, the calculation function of the optimal economic fertilization amount is as follows:
the consumption of pepper fertilizer is (target yield x unit nutrient absorption-soil nutrient supply) ÷ (available nutrient content in fertilizer x fertilizer utilization rate);
the soil nutrient supply amount is equal to the measured value of the soil nutrient, multiplied by 0.15 multiplied by the soil nutrient correction coefficient.
Further, in the third step, the organic fertilizer replacing fertilizer specifically comprises: calculating the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium requirements of the peppers according to factors such as soil fertilizer supply capacity, fertilizer utilization rate and pepper fertilizer requirement rule by a nutrient balance method, reducing the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium consumption by 30-50% according to the land fertility level, and replacing part of reduced fertilizers with organic fertilizers.
Further, in the third step, the medium and trace element fertilizer is properly applied according to the content of the trace elements in the soil.
Further, the soil nutrient content of the fertilizer decrement and synergism method for pepper planting is as follows: pH4.3-8.9, average 6.91; 1.20-99.80 g/kg of organic matters, and 30.97g/kg on average; 0.27-4.97 g/kg of total nitrogen, and the average is 1.84 g/kg; 1.1-532.2 mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, with the average value of 156.45 mg/kg; 0.1-89.8 mg/kg of available phosphorus, and the average value of 21.54 mg/kg; 15-1845 mg of slow-release potassium, with the average value of 263.48 mg/kg; 10-595 mg/kg of quick-acting potassium, and 124.58mg/kg of average value. 11.1-145.7 mg/kg of available sulfur, and the average value is 59.7 mg/kg; 1.3-177.8 mg/kg of available iron, and the average value is 34.7 mg/kg; the effective manganese is 1.1-265.0 mg/kg, and the average value is 23.6 mg/kg; 0.5-20.7 mg/kg of effective copper, and the average value is 2.8 mg/kg; the effective zinc is 0.2-12.5 mg/kg, and the average value is 1.7 mg/kg; 0.2-1.1 mg/kg of water-soluble boron, and the average value is 0.5 mg/kg.
Further, the soil nutrient correction coefficient and the unit nutrient absorption amount of the pepper in the fertilizer decrement and synergism method for pepper planting are that the soil nutrient correction coefficient is that the element is absorbed by the overground part of the crop in the element deficiency area and the element measurement value is multiplied by 0.15;
the unit nutrient absorption amount of the pepper refers to the amount of nutrient which needs to be absorbed for forming a certain pepper yield, including N, P2O5、 K2O；
Base fertilizer: and (2) applying 1000-2000 kg of farmyard manure or 200-300 kg of commercial organic fertilizer to each mu of field planting after seedling cultivation of the peppers during land preparation and ridging, wherein the farmyard manure is fully decomposed, and the commercial organic fertilizer meets the NY525-2012 requirement. Applying 15-15-1560 kg/mu of compound fertilizer, and uniformly mixing the compound fertilizer and the organic fertilizer and then applying;
topdressing: in the initial flowering period, urea and potassium sulfate are adopted, the application amount of the urea and potassium sulfate is 8+8kg per mu, and the urea and potassium sulfate are applied by roots after adding clear liquid dung. In the fruit setting period, urea, potassium sulfate and calcium superphosphate are adopted, the application amount per mu is 8+8+10kg, 8kg of urea is applied in the root application full-bearing period after adding clear liquid dung, and the root application is performed after adding clear liquid dung; 0.2-0.3 percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 0.2 percent calcium nitrate solution as well as trace elements boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer are sprayed at intervals during the period of foliage dressing and fruit setting, and the spraying is carried out for 1 time and 2-3 times at intervals of 10 days.
Further, the fertilizer and water integration of the fertilizer reduction and synergism method for pepper planting is as follows:
(1) base fertilizer: before field planting after seedling raising of the peppers, applying 1000-2000 kg of farmyard manure or 100-200 kg of commercial organic fertilizer to each mu during land preparation and ridging, wherein the farmyard manure is fully decomposed, the commercial organic fertilizer meets the requirement of NY525-2012 organic fertilizer, applying 15-15-1530-40kg of compound fertilizer per mu, and uniformly mixing the compound fertilizer and the organic fertilizer and then applying;
(2) topdressing: irrigation is not carried out for the 1 st time and the 2 nd time after planting, and the irrigation quantity is 15-20 m per mu each time3Irrigating and fertilizing for 2-3 times from the seedling stage to the flowering stage, irrigating and fertilizing once every 10-15 days according to the conditions of climate and soil moisture content, and fertilizing 2kg of water-soluble fertilizer for each time with irrigation amount of 10-15 m3(ii) a Irrigating 3-5 times in the fruit setting period and the fruit filling period, irrigating and fertilizing once every 10-15 days, and applying 3kg of water-soluble fertilizer in each irrigation with irrigation amount of 10-15 m3。
Furthermore, the green manure planting and returning to the field of the chemical fertilizer decrement and synergism method for pepper planting, the pepper is immediately sown after the harvested soil is turned over, and the variety can be selected from arrowroot pea, astragalus sinicus, pea, broad bean and fertile field radish; adopting a broadcast sowing mode, and directly turning and pressing the fertilizer for returning to the field in the next year;
(1) base fertilizer: and (2) applying 1000-2000 kg of farmyard manure or 200-300 kg of commercial organic fertilizer to each mu of field planting after seedling cultivation of the peppers during land preparation and ridging, wherein the farmyard manure is fully decomposed, and the commercial organic fertilizer meets the NY525-2012 requirement. Applying 15-15-1550 kg/mu of compound fertilizer, and uniformly mixing the compound fertilizer and the organic fertilizer and then applying;
(2) topdressing: in the initial flowering period, urea and potassium sulfate are adopted, the application amount of the urea and potassium sulfate is 5+3kg per mu, and the urea and potassium sulfate are applied by roots after adding clear liquid dung. In the fruit setting period, urea, potassium sulfate and calcium superphosphate are adopted, the application amount per mu is 5+10+3kg, the roots are mixed with clear liquid manure, the application amount per mu of urea and potassium sulfate is 6+4kg in the full fruit period, and the roots are mixed with clear liquid manure; 0.2-0.3 percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 0.2 percent calcium nitrate solution as well as trace elements boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer are sprayed at intervals during the period of foliage dressing and fruit setting, and the spraying is carried out for 1 time and 2-3 times at intervals of 10 days.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: according to the invention, the organic fertilizer is used for replacing a chemical fertilizer, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be improved, the using amount of the chemical fertilizer is reduced, the yield and the quality of hot pepper are improved, the fertilizer is saved by 50-70% through integration of water and fertilizer compared with conventional fertilization, the problem of ecological environment pollution caused by unreasonable fertilization is reduced, and the aims of reducing the amount of the chemical fertilizer, increasing the efficiency, saving the labor cost of the fertilization and protecting the ecological environment are really achieved. The nutrient content of the soil is balanced and improved by measures of replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers, planting green fertilizers and returning the organic fertilizers to the field, measuring soil and applying fertilizers according to a formula and the like. The pH value of the soil is improved by 0.80 percent, the organic matter is improved by 3.52 percent, the total nitrogen is improved by 6.42 percent, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is improved by 2.81 percent, the total phosphorus is improved by 3.70 percent, the available phosphorus is improved by 8.52 percent, the total potassium is improved by 1.95 percent, the slow-acting potassium is improved by 0.66 percent, the quick-acting potassium is 4.48 percent, the CEC is improved by 3.40 percent, and the volume weight of the soil is 1.40g/cm3The reduction is 2.78%.
The invention improves the yield and quality of the pepper, increases the economic benefit and the income of pepper farmers, reduces the application amount of chemical fertilizer, reduces the influence of the application of the chemical fertilizer on the ecological environment, promotes the development of pepper industry and the green development of agricultural production, and realizes the aims of agricultural efficiency improvement and income increase of farmers.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a fertilizer reduction and synergism method for pepper planting according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a fertilizer reduction and synergism method for pepper planting, and the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the fertilizer reduction and synergism method for pepper planting provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101, soil testing and formulated fertilization: soil is collected for detection, soil nutrient data are known, and the abundance condition of soil nutrients is analyzed;
s102, integrating a chemical fertilizer decrement and efficiency increase fertilization index system of the peppers, establishing a pepper ternary secondary fertilization function effect model and a pepper unitary secondary fertilization function effect model, and calculating the highest yield and the optimal economic fertilization amount of the peppers through functions;
s103, replacing a fertilizer with an organic fertilizer: reducing the dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium according to the requirement of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the pepper and the land fertility level, and replacing part of the reduced fertilizer with organic fertilizer;
s104, water and fertilizer integration: irrigation and fertilization are integrated, and water and fertilizer are directly conveyed to the roots of the peppers through a pipeline through a pressure system.
S105, planting green manure and returning to the field: the arrow-tongue peas, milk vetch, peas, broad beans and fertile field radishes are planted for 3 years and are turned over and returned to the field.
The method for reducing and increasing the amount of fertilizer for pepper planting provided by the present invention can be implemented by other steps by those skilled in the art, and the method for reducing and increasing the amount of fertilizer for pepper planting provided by the present invention shown in fig. 1 is only one specific example.
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
The fertilizer reduction and efficiency enhancement method for pepper planting provided by the embodiment of the invention integrates a fertilizer reduction and efficiency enhancement method for pepper planting: the soil testing formula is accurate in fertilization, the organic fertilizer replaces the chemical fertilizer, the green manure is planted and returned to the field, and the water and fertilizer are integrated, so that the production cost is reduced, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are improved, the yield of the pepper is increased, the quality is improved, and the purposes of chemical fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase and green production are achieved. The soil testing and formulated fertilization technology is characterized in that soil is collected to detect and know the soil nutrient content condition, the soil fertilizer supply capacity, the fertilizer utilization rate and the pepper fertilizer requirement rule are found out through experiments, the pepper fertilizer requirement is calculated, a scientific fertilization mode is formulated, and unreasonable fertilizer is reduced. The organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer is characterized in that after the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium requirements of hot peppers are calculated according to a nutrient balance method, 30-50% of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium consumption is reduced according to the soil nutrient content, and the reduced chemical fertilizer is replaced by the organic fertilizer. The green manure is planted and returned to the field, so that soil humus composition is favorably updated, the physical property of soil is improved, the organic matter content, the available nutrient content and the microbial quantity of the soil are improved, the fertilizer consumption can be reduced by 20-30%, and the pepper yield is improved. The water and fertilizer integration is to integrate irrigation and fertilization and directly convey water and fertilizer to the root of the pepper through a pipeline by a pressure system. The fertilizer efficiency is fast, the nutrient utilization rate is improved, the fertilizer is saved, the environment protection is facilitated, the fertilizer is saved by 50-70% compared with the conventional fertilizer application, and the aims of reducing the fertilizer, saving the labor cost of the fertilizer application and protecting the ecological environment are fulfilled.
The invention discloses a chemical fertilizer decrement and efficiency increasing method for pepper planting, which comprises the following steps: 4, the number of the cells is as follows: 1. the method comprises the steps of soil testing, formulated fertilization, 2, fertilizer replacement, 3, green manure planting and returning, and 4, water and fertilizer integration, wherein 4 contents are parallel.
1. Soil testing formulation reduction of unreasonable fertilization
According to the nine key contents of five core links of 'soil testing, formula, fertilizer preparation, supply and fertilization guidance', the fertilization amount of the pepper in different areas is calculated, and the unreasonable fertilization amount is reduced. Through investigation, the common people all apply more nitrogen fertilizer and apply less potassium fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer before, so through survey soil formula, reduce the quantity of nitrogen fertilizer, increase phosphorus fertilizer and potash fertilizer quantity appropriately, the theoretical shortest board of cask is mended high, reduces the highest board, from the effect of each factor of sufficient.
2. Soil nutrient content
By adopting modern information technology means such as county farmland resource management information systems, GIS technology and the like and by collecting 10335 soil samples for assay analysis, the content of soil nutrients in project district county (district), town (village) and village to plot is further checked, and basic data is provided for formulating fertilizing amount. The pHs of the project areas are between 4.3 and 8.9, and the average is 6.91; 1.20-99.80 g/kg of organic matters, and 30.97g/kg on average; 0.27-4.97 g/kg of total nitrogen, and the average is 1.84 g/kg; 1.1-532.2 mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, with the average value of 156.45 mg/kg; 0.1-89.8 mg/kg of available phosphorus, and the average value of 21.54 mg/kg; 15-1845 mg of slow-release potassium, with the average value of 263.48 mg/kg; 10-595 mg/kg of quick-acting potassium, and 124.58mg/kg of average value. 11.1-145.7 mg/kg of available sulfur, and the average value is 59.7 mg/kg; 1.3-177.8 mg/kg of available iron, and the average value is 34.7 mg/kg; the effective manganese is 1.1-265.0 mg/kg, and the average value is 23.6 mg/kg; 0.5-20.7 mg/kg of effective copper, and the average value is 2.8 mg/kg; the effective zinc is 0.2-12.5 mg/kg, and the average value is 1.7 mg/kg; 0.2-1.1 mg/kg of water-soluble boron, and the average value is 0.5 mg/kg. According to the nutrient classification standard of the second soil general survey in China, the pH value of the soil is neutral, most elements such as organic matters, total nitrogen, alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen, quick-acting potassium and the like are in a medium level, and the nutrient content of the cultivated land soil is not high. The nutrient content of the soil in each county (region) is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 nutrient content in each county (district)
2. Soil nutrient correction coefficient and unit nutrient absorption of capsicum
The measured value of the soil nutrient is a relative value rather than an absolute value, the measured value of the soil available nutrient is multiplied by 1 correction coefficient to express the real fertilizer supply of the soil, and the coefficient is the correction coefficient of the soil available nutrient. The soil nutrient correction coefficient is that the above-ground part of the crops in the nutrient-deficient area absorbs the element, and the measured value of the element is multiplied by 0.15.
The unit nutrient absorption amount of the pepper refers to the amount of nutrient which needs to be absorbed for forming a certain pepper yield, including N, P2O5、K2And O. The calibration coefficient and unit nutrient absorption of the capsicum soil are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 correction coefficient of soil nutrient and unit yield nutrient absorption of hot pepper in each county (region)
3. Utilization rate of fertilizer
The percentage of the amount of nutrients absorbed and utilized by the peppers from the applied fertilizer to the total amount of the nutrients in the fertilizer is shown in table 3.
4. Amount of fertilizer applied
The consumption of pepper fertilizer is (target yield x unit nutrient absorption-soil nutrient supply) ÷ (effective nutrient content in fertilizer x fertilizer utilization rate), the soil nutrient supply is (soil nutrient measured value x 0.15 x soil nutrient correction coefficient), and the application amount of pepper fertilizer in each county (region) is shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 utilization rate and amount of fertilizer applied to Capsici fructus in each county or district
(1) Base fertilizer: and (2) applying 1000-2000 kg of farmyard manure or 200-300 kg of commercial organic fertilizer to each mu of field planting after seedling cultivation of the peppers during land preparation and ridging, wherein the farmyard manure is fully decomposed, and the commercial organic fertilizer meets the NY525-2012 requirement. 60 kg/mu of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) is applied, and the compound fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are uniformly mixed and then applied.
(2) Topdressing
In the initial flowering period, urea and potassium sulfate are adopted, the application amount of the urea and potassium sulfate is 8+8kg per mu, and the urea and potassium sulfate are applied by roots after adding clear liquid dung. In the fruit setting period, urea, potassium sulfate and calcium superphosphate are adopted, the application amount per mu is 8+8+10kg, 8kg of urea is applied in the root application full period after adding clear liquid dung, and the root application is performed after adding clear liquid dung. 0.2-0.3 percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 0.2 percent calcium nitrate solution as well as trace elements boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer are sprayed at intervals during the period of foliage dressing and fruit setting, and the spraying is carried out for 1 time and 2-3 times at intervals of 10 days.
2. Organic fertilizer replacing fertilizer
The theoretical requirement of chemical fertilizer of the hot pepper is calculated according to a nutrient balance method, the theoretical dosage is reduced by 30-50%, the soil nutrient content is reduced by 30%, and the nutrient required by the hot pepper is supplemented by applying organic matters into the soil.
(1) Base fertilizer: before field planting after seedling raising of the peppers, 2000-4000 kg of farmyard manure or 200-400 kg of commercial organic fertilizer is applied to each mu during land preparation and ridging, the farmyard manure is fully decomposed, and the commercial organic fertilizer meets the requirement of NY525-2012 organic fertilizer. And (3) applying 30-40 kg/mu of compound fertilizer (15-15-15), and uniformly mixing the compound fertilizer and the organic fertilizer and then applying.
(2) Topdressing: in the initial flowering period, urea and potassium sulfate are adopted, the application amount of the urea and potassium sulfate is 4+2kg per mu, and the urea and potassium sulfate are applied by roots after adding clear liquid dung. In the fruit setting period, urea, potassium sulfate and calcium superphosphate are adopted, the application amount of the fertilizer per mu is 4+10+3kg, and the fertilizer is added with clear excrement water to form roots. In the full-bearing period, urea and potassium sulfate are adopted, the application amount per mu is 5+4, and the root application is carried out after adding clear liquid dung. 0.2-0.3 percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 0.2 percent calcium nitrate solution as well as trace elements boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer are sprayed at intervals during the period of foliage dressing and fruit setting, and the spraying is carried out for 1 time and 2-3 times at intervals of 10 days.
3. Water and fertilizer integrated modern technology
The water and fertilizer integrated planting area of the pepper is popularized in a seeding region, a new cattail region and the Suiyang region for 3 years, and the area is 9.3 ten thousand mu. The novel agricultural modern intelligent technology integrating irrigation and fertilization is characterized in that water and fertilizer are conveyed to the root of hot pepper through a pipeline through a pressure system, and after the novel agricultural modern intelligent technology is set according to different requirements, the intelligent system can work according to instructions. The fertilizer efficiency of the fertilizer is fast, the nutrient utilization rate is improved, the volatilization loss of the fertilizer is avoided, the fertilizer is saved, and the environment protection is facilitated. Compared with the conventional fertilization, the water and fertilizer integration technology saves the fertilizer cost by 50-70%. As the water and fertilizer integration technology is manually and quantitatively regulated, the requirement of 'full drinking' of crops in the key growth period is met, the aims of avoiding any nutrient deficiency symptom, reducing the amount of chemical fertilizers, increasing the efficiency and saving the labor cost of fertilization are fulfilled, and meanwhile, the problem of water pollution caused by excessive fertilization is greatly reduced.
(1) Base fertilizer: before field planting after seedling raising of the peppers, 1000-2000 kg of farmyard manure or 100-200 kg of commercial organic fertilizer is applied to each mu during land preparation and ridging, the farmyard manure is fully decomposed, and the commercial organic fertilizer meets the requirement of NY525-2012 organic fertilizer. And (3) applying 30-40 kg/mu of compound fertilizer (15-15-15), and uniformly mixing the compound fertilizer and the organic fertilizer and then applying.
(2) Topdressing: irrigating 1 st and 2 nd times after planting without applying fertilizer, and irrigating every mu every time
The irrigation amount is 15-20 m3. And (3) irrigating and fertilizing for 2-3 times from the seedling stage to the flowering stage, irrigating and fertilizing once every 10-15 days according to the conditions of climate and soil moisture content, and fertilizing 2kg of water-soluble fertilizer (20: 20 or similar formula) for each time, wherein the irrigation amount is 10-15 m 3. Irrigating 3-5 times in the fruit setting period and the fruit filling period, irrigating and fertilizing once every 10-15 days, and applying 3kg of water-soluble fertilizer (20: 20 or similar formula) for each irrigation, wherein the irrigation quantity is 10-15 m3。
4. Green manure planting and returning to field
The vetch, the astragalus sinicus, the peas, the lima beans and the fertile field radishes are planted for 3 years, and the vetch, the astragalus sinicus, the peas, the lima beans and the fertile field radishes are turned over and pressed and returned to the field for 76.4 ten thousand mu, and the green manure planting and returning field is favorable for updating the composition of soil humus, improves the physical property of the soil, improves the organic matter content and the microbial count of the soil, and obviously improves the quick-acting phosphorus and the quick-acting potassium levels of the soil, thereby reducing the demand of chemical fertilizers and improving the yield of the peppers.
The pepper is sowed immediately after the soil is ploughed after harvested, arrow pea, Chinese milk vetch, pea, broad bean, fertile field radish and the like can be selected as varieties, different sowing dosages are selected for different varieties, generally 8-10kg of pepper is sowed per mu, and a sowing mode is adopted for saving labor. And directly turning and pressing the mixture to return to the field in the next year.
The theoretical requirement of chemical fertilizer of the hot pepper is calculated according to a nutrient balance method, the theoretical dosage is reduced by 20-30%, the green manure yield and the soil nutrient content are reduced by 30%, and the green manure yield and the soil nutrient content are reduced by 20%.
(1) Base fertilizer: and (2) applying 1000-2000 kg of farmyard manure or 200-300 kg of commercial organic fertilizer to each mu of field planting after seedling cultivation of the peppers during land preparation and ridging, wherein the farmyard manure is fully decomposed, and the commercial organic fertilizer meets the NY525-2012 requirement. Applying 50 kg/mu of compound fertilizer (15-15-15), and applying the compound fertilizer and the organic fertilizer after uniformly mixing.
(2) Topdressing: in the initial flowering period, urea and potassium sulfate are adopted, the application amount of the urea and potassium sulfate is 5+3kg per mu, and the urea and potassium sulfate are applied by roots after adding clear liquid dung. In the fruit setting period, urea, potassium sulfate and calcium superphosphate are adopted, the application amount per mu is 5+10+3kg, the roots are mixed with clear liquid manure, the application amount per mu in the full fruit period is 6+4kg, and the roots are mixed with clear liquid manure. 0.2-0.3 percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 0.2 percent calcium nitrate solution as well as trace elements boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer are sprayed at intervals during the period of foliage dressing and fruit setting, and the spraying is carried out for 1 time and 2-3 times at intervals of 10 days.
The fertilizer reduction and synergism method for pepper planting provided by the embodiment of the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) area and area
2017 and 2019 are popularized in 13.8 million peasant households in 9 township villages (districts) 113 township 748 with the area of 413.5 million mu in Honghua sentry, Huichuan district, sowing Zhou district, New Pu Xin district, Suiyang county, Meitan county, Fenggang county, Yuqing county and Daozheng county.
(2) Main technical mode
Soil testing formula fertilization, fertilizer replacement by organic fertilizer, green manure planting and returning, and water and fertilizer integration. (3) Big data of diving
Modern information technology means such as agricultural expert system technology, county farmland resource management information system, GIS technology and the like are integrated, and recent data such as soil testing, formulated fertilization, farmland soil evaluation, pepper fertilization test research and the like are mined. Analyzing and summarizing the soil nutrient data of the project area. The method provides basic data for a technical mode of refining the pepper fertilizer decrement and efficiency enhancement by using data information such as soil nutrient supply capacity, pepper fertilizer requirement rule, fertilizer utilization rate, pepper farmer fertilization habit and the like.
(4) Touch up the soil nutrient
Soil is collected for detection, soil nutrient data of a project area are further known, the abundance condition of soil nutrients is analyzed, and a foundation is provided for formulating a chemical fertilizer decrement and synergism technology model of the peppers. 10335 soil samples are collected in total, the pH value of soil nutrients, organic matters, total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus, slow-acting potassium and quick-acting potassium of the soil nutrients are detected, and meanwhile, the change rule of the soil nutrients before and after the project is implemented is monitored.
(5) The method is characterized by integrating a pepper fertilizer decrement and efficiency increase fertilization index system, carrying out excessive experimental research and statistical analysis, establishing a pepper ternary secondary fertilization function effect model and a pepper unitary secondary fertilization function effect model, calculating the highest yield and the optimal economic fertilization amount of peppers through functions, and respectively establishing a pepper fertilizer decrement and efficiency increase technical index system in each county (region). The unit nutrient absorption amount of the full-market pepper is N, P2O5、K20 is 5.73, 2.32 and 5.12 respectively, the utilization rates of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are 35.87%, 17.28% and 33.28% respectively, the correction coefficients of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients are 0.37, 1.52 and 0.47 respectively, and the contents of the quick-acting nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil are 156.45mg/kg, 21.54mg/kg and 124.58mg/kg respectively. The consumption of pepper fertilizer is (target yield x unit nutrient absorption-soil nutrient supply) ÷ (effective nutrient content in fertilizer x fertilizer utilization rate), and the soil nutrient supply is (soil nutrient measurement value x 0.15 x soil nutrient correction coefficient).
(6) Organic fertilizer replacing fertilizer
The organic fertilizer is used for replacing a chemical fertilizer, after nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium requirements of the pepper are calculated according to factors such as soil fertilizer supply capacity, fertilizer utilization rate and pepper fertilizer requirement rule by a nutrient balance method, 30% -50% of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium consumption is reduced according to the land fertility level, the reduced chemical fertilizer is replaced by the organic fertilizer, and meanwhile, a medium trace element fertilizer is properly applied according to the content of trace elements in the soil. The organic fertilizer replaces chemical fertilizer, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be improved, the using amount of the chemical fertilizer is reduced, and even the yield and the quality of the hot pepper are improved.
(7) Water and fertilizer integration
The water and fertilizer integrated planting area of the pepper is 9.3 ten thousand mu popularized in the Xinmin town of the sowing Zhou district, the shrimp town of the New Puxin district, the Suiyang county kan dam town and the Fenghua town for 3 years. The integration of liquid manure will irrigate and fertilize and combine together, according to artifical input corresponding instruction after, intelligent system can carry out work according to the instruction, through pressure system, directly carry the root of hot pepper to water and fertile pipeline. The fertilizer efficiency is fast, the nutrient utilization rate is improved, the volatilization loss of the fertilizer is avoided, the fertilizer is saved, and the environment protection is facilitated. Compared with the conventional fertilization, the fertilizer is saved by 50-70%, the problem of ecological environment pollution caused by unreasonable fertilization is reduced, and the aims of reducing the fertilizer, increasing the efficiency, saving the labor cost of fertilization and protecting the ecological environment are really achieved.
(8) Green manure planting and returning to field
The vetch, the astragalus sinicus, the peas, the lima beans and the fertile field radishes are planted for 3 years, and the field is turned over and returned to the field for 112.8 ten thousand mu, and the green manure field is favorable for updating the composition of soil humus, so that the physical property of the soil is improved, the organic matter content and the microbial quantity of the soil are improved, the quick-acting nutrients of the soil are obviously improved, and therefore, the required quantity of the chemical fertilizer can be reduced by 20-30% and the yield of the peppers is improved.
(9) Zone test
Through a large number of experimental researches, parameters such as soil fertilizer supply capacity, fertilizer utilization rate, pepper fertilizer requirement rule and the like are obtained, experimental data are analyzed, summarized and summarized, and basis and guarantee are provided for large-area popularization. At least 1 regional test is carried out in each town (village) in county (district), 1015 regional tests are carried out in 3 years, and a basis is provided for large-area popularization of the technology.
(10) Creating production demonstrations
The demonstration point of integration of organic fertilizer replacement for chemical fertilizer, soil testing formula fertilization, green manure planting returning and water and fertilizer is made, the demonstration point brings people to see and take the people to do the organic fertilizer, so that the people really see and feel the technical benefits and interests, and the enthusiasm of broad farmers is driven to participate. At least 1 production demonstration of more than 50 acres is created in each village involved in the project, and the demonstration is completed by 2263, and the area is 11.32 ten thousand acres.
(11) Enhanced promotional guidance and technical training guidance
By hanging and writing wall slogans, printing propaganda manuals and technical plain paper, meeting explanation, experimental demonstration publicity boards and other various vigorous propaganda pepper fertilizer decrement and efficiency increasing technologies and benefits, 50.8 ten thousand people are promoted and trained. And inviting relevant experts and technicians such as the Guizhou province soil and fertilizer general station, the Guizhou university, the Guizhou province farm institute and the like to carry out county (district), town (county) technicians, village cadres and farmers to train projects in various forms such as a field meeting, a special training meeting and the like. Through publicity, a good atmosphere is created, more pepper farmers can consciously form the consciousness of scientific fertilization, and the use amount of the fertilizer is reduced by actively adopting effective measures such as replacing the fertilizer with an organic fertilizer, testing the soil formula for fertilization, planting green manure for returning to the field and the like.
(12) Innovative technology popularization mode
According to the organization mode of three-in-one of the agricultural technicians, the planting base, the planting farmers and the farmers, the technical staff with different levels and relative stability is established, and the technical mode of the general pepper farm training propaganda in the past is changed. Firstly, a centralized training mode is adopted for basic-level farmers, so that the basic-level farmers master new technologies. Technical propaganda, training and guidance are carried out on the planting bases and planting households by basic personnel, and the bases and the planting households can master and grasp the new technology quickly. The base and the big planting households ask scattered pepper farmers to come to the base for business, on one hand, the scattered pepper farmers are guided and trained in technology, on the other hand, the pepper farmers can really understand and learn the technology of fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement in specific operation, and meanwhile, the base and the big planting households can also play a role in demonstration, guidance and driving.
(13) Strengthen the organization leadership and ensure the smooth implementation of the project
And (3) establishing project popularization, completing leadership mechanisms (establishing project leadership groups and technical groups), perfecting a popularization system, strengthening technical guidance and supervision and inspection, and well collecting and managing project data files.
(14) Main technical indexes
The application amount of the fertilizer is reduced by 194345 tons, and the production investment is reduced by 38248.75 ten thousand yuan.
Secondly, the pepper yield is increased, 281.5 kg/mu of pepper yield in project areas is increased by 37.9 kg/mu compared with that in non-project areas, and the pepper yield is increased by 15.56%.
③ 689.8 yuan for each mu of the newly increased income of the pepper, 537.8 yuan for the newly increased purification income, and 14.02 for the average annual investment of popularization.
Fourthly, the project is implemented for 3 years, the new purification income is 222380.3 ten thousand yuan, the total economic benefit is 139436.59 ten thousand yuan, and the annual economic benefit is 46478.86 ten thousand yuan.
And fifthly, carrying out 1015 chemical fertilizer decrement and efficiency improvement tests, providing guarantee and basis for technical popularization, and establishing 2263 demonstrations of 11.32 ten thousand mu.
Sixthly, improving the nutrient content of the soil, balancing and improving the nutrient content of the soil through measures of replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers, planting green fertilizers and returning the green fertilizers to the field, measuring soil and applying fertilizers according to a formula. The pH value of the soil is improved by 0.80 percent, the organic matter is improved by 3.52 percent, the total nitrogen is improved by 6.42 percent, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is improved by 2.81 percent, the total phosphorus is improved by 3.70 percent, the available phosphorus is improved by 8.52 percent, the total potassium is improved by 1.95 percent, the slow-acting potassium is improved by 0.66 percent, the quick-acting potassium is 4.48 percent, the CEC is improved by 3.40 percent, and the volume weight of the soil is 1.40g/cm3The reduction is 2.78%.
Seventhly, the contents of macroelements and medium trace elements in soil of a project area, the pH value of the project area is 6.91, the contents of organic matters are 30.97g/kg, the total nitrogen is 1.84g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 156.45mg/kg, the effective phosphorus is 21.54mg/kg, the slow-release potassium is 263.48mg/kg, the quick-release potassium is 124.58mg/kg, the effective sulfur is 59.7mg/kg, the effective iron is 34.7mg/kg, the effective manganese is 23.6mg/kg, the effective copper is 2.8mg/kg, the effective zinc is 1.7mg/kg, and the water-soluble boron is 0.5 mg/kg.
Integrating a pepper chemical fertilizer reduction and efficiency enhancement technical system, and integrating pepper chemical fertilizer reduction and efficiency enhancement fertilization function effect models and technical index systems in different areas through test and production comparison according to soil nutrient content, soil fertilizer supply capacity, fertilizer utilization rate and pepper production level in different areas.
The economic, social and ecological benefit conditions obtained by the project are as follows:
the description of the benefit content:
(1) area of implementation
In 2017-year 2019, the project is popularized and implemented in 113 towns (villages) in 9 counties (districts), the popularization areas are 413.5 ten thousand mu, and the popularization areas in 2017-year 2019 are 129.0 ten thousand mu, 139.7 ten thousand mu and 144.8 ten thousand mu respectively.
(2) Pepper yield
The yield of the project area of the test point in the area of 2017-2019 is 282.6 kg/mu, 285.2 kg/mu and 286.1 kg/mu respectively, and the weighted average yield is 284.5 kg/mu. The yield of the test point in the years of conventional fertilization 2017 and 2019 is 244.3 kg/mu, 246.1 kg/mu and 247.5 kg/mu respectively, and the weighted average yield is 245.9 kg/mu. The yield of the project area is increased by 38.6 kg/mu compared with the control area, and the yield is increased by 15.70 percent.
The yields of the project areas of the production demonstration points in 2017-2019 are 278.2 kg/mu, 280.1 kg/mu and 282.5 kg/mu respectively, and the weighted average yield is 280.2 kg/mu. The yield of the production demonstration control area is 240.5.7 kg/mu, 241.7 kg/mu and 245.9 kg/mu respectively, and the weighted average yield is 242.6 kg/mu. The yield of the project area is increased by 37.6 kg/mu compared with that of the control area, and the yield is increased by 15.50 percent.
According to the regional test and the production demonstration yield data, the average yield of the pepper in the project area 2017 and 2019 is 279.6 kg/mu, 281.6 kg/mu and 283.6 kg/mu respectively, and the yield of the pepper in the contrast 'conventional fertilization' area 2017 and 2019 is 241.7 kg/mu, 243.0 kg/mu and 246.4 kg/mu respectively. The average yield of the pepper in the project area 2017-2019 is increased by 37.9 kg/mu, 38.6 kg/mu and 37.2 kg/mu respectively compared with the average yield of the pepper in the conventional fertilization. The 3-year weighted project area is increased by 37.9kg and 15.56 percent compared with the contrast of 'conventional fertilization'.
(3) Economic benefits
According to the market price statistics of the current year in each county (district), the average price of the dry pepper in 2017 is 16 yuan/kg, the average price of the dry pepper in 2018 is 15 yuan/kg, the average price of the dry pepper in 2019 is 20 yuan/kg, and the average price of the dry pepper in three years is 17 yuan/kg. The new pepper benefit is 689.8 yuan/mu.
The yield of the pepper straws is increased by 45.5kg per mu by 1:1.2, and the yield increase value of the byproduct unit is 45.5 yuan per mu by 1 yuan per kg of the pepper straws (fuel and organic fertilizer production raw materials). The fertilizer decrement and efficiency increase technology reduces the fertilizer application in production compared with the control, and the fertilizer cost per mu is saved by 88.0 yuan. The fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement technology does not increase labor force on labor force and conventional fertilization, other investment increases comprise soil sampling and detection assay in soil testing formula, green manure planting seed purchase and sowing, organic fertilizer cost increasing and water and fertilizer integrated equipment and facilities, and the result is calculated to be 240 yuan/mu.
In 2017 and 2019, the new purification gains are 62931.4 ten thousand yuan, 66575.4 ten thousand yuan and 93106.4 ten thousand yuan respectively, and the total new purification gain is 222613.2 ten thousand yuan. In 2017 and 2019, the total economic benefits are 39445.76 ten thousand yuan, 41707.52 ten thousand yuan and 58283.31 ten thousand yuan respectively, and the total economic benefit is 159436.59 ten thousand yuan. The annual economic benefit is 46478.86 ten thousand yuan, and the annual average pure yield of the popularization and investment is 14.02.
(4) Ecological benefit
By implementing the pepper fertilizer decrement and efficiency increase action, the fertilizer usage amount is reduced, the fertilizer utilization rate is improved, and the influence of the fertilizer usage on the ecological environment is reduced. The green manure is planted in idle seasons, so that the ground surface coverage is increased, the water and soil loss is reduced, meanwhile, the plant diseases and insect pests and the weed growth are controlled, and the use of herbicides and pesticides is reduced. Water and fertilizer are directly conveyed to the root of the pepper through a pipeline by the water and fertilizer integration technology, so that the volatilization loss of the fertilizer is reduced, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is greatly improved, and the purpose of green development is achieved. The organic fertilizer replaces chemical fertilizer, fully utilizes human, animal and poultry manure in vast rural areas, changes waste into valuable, reduces environmental protection pressure, beautifies rural environment and boosts rural cleaning engineering.
(5) Social benefits
The problem of excessive chemical fertilizer is solved, the vital interests of the masses of farmers are concerned, the sustainable development of agriculture is concerned, the reasonable fertilization of the masses of growers is guided, the environmental problems caused by excessive chemical fertilizer are effectively solved, and the important measures for realizing the sustainable development of agriculture are important measures, namely the needs of the situation, the necessity of the development, and also the important measures for promoting the green development of agriculture and promoting the ecological civilization construction. The fertilizer reduction and the efficiency increase are beneficial to changing the traditional production mode, reducing the excessive application of the fertilizer, improving the utilization rate, optimizing the production area environment and improving the quality of agricultural products.
And the scientific fertilization level of vast cadres and farmers and the pepper planting level are enhanced through project demonstration, propaganda, training and guidance. Through project implementation, the ability of the base stem is trained and exercised and knowledge is added. The production investment is reduced, the yield and the quality of the pepper are improved, the economic benefit of pepper planting is improved, the enthusiasm of farmers for planting the pepper is enhanced, and the pepper cultivation method is beneficial to promoting the development of pepper industry and promoting the green development of agriculture. The method is beneficial to the field of strong pepper making, changes the pepper industry into an important leading industry which is rich in agriculture, strong in agriculture, good for people and capable of realizing the vogue of villages, and also lays a foundation for creating world pepper processing trade bases.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A chemical fertilizer reduction and synergism method for pepper planting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
soil testing and formulated fertilization: soil is collected for detection, soil nutrient data are known, and the abundance condition of soil nutrients is analyzed;
integrating a chemical fertilizer decrement and efficiency increase fertilization index system of the peppers, establishing a pepper ternary secondary fertilization function effect model and a unitary secondary fertilization function effect model, and calculating the highest yield and the optimal economic fertilization amount of the peppers through functions;
organic fertilizer replaces fertilizer: reducing the dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium according to the requirement of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the pepper and the land fertility level, and replacing part of the reduced fertilizer with organic fertilizer;
and (3) integration of water and fertilizer: irrigation and fertilization are integrated, and water and fertilizer are directly conveyed to the root of the hot pepper through a pipeline by a pressure system;
and (3) green manure planting and returning to the field: and (4) turning over and returning the planted arrow-tongue peas, astragalus sinicus, peas, broad beans and fertile field radishes to the field.
2. The fertilizer decrement and efficiency increasing method for pepper planting as claimed in claim 1, wherein soil nutrient pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus, slow-acting potassium and quick-acting potassium are detected when the collected soil is detected.
3. The fertilizer reduction and synergism method for pepper planting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calculation function of the optimal economic fertilization amount is:
the consumption of pepper fertilizer is (target yield x unit nutrient absorption-soil nutrient supply) ÷ (available nutrient content in fertilizer x fertilizer utilization rate);
the soil nutrient supply amount is equal to the measured value of the soil nutrient, multiplied by 0.15 multiplied by the soil nutrient correction coefficient.
4. The fertilizer quantity reduction and efficiency enhancement method for pepper planting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer replacing fertilizer specifically comprises: calculating the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium requirements of the peppers according to factors such as soil fertilizer supply capacity, fertilizer utilization rate and pepper fertilizer requirement rule by a nutrient balance method, reducing the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium consumption by 30-50% according to the land fertility level, and replacing part of reduced fertilizers with organic fertilizers.
5. The fertilizer quantity reduction and efficiency enhancement method for pepper planting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the medium trace element fertilizer is properly applied according to the content of trace elements in soil.
6. The fertilizer quantity reduction and efficiency enhancement method for pepper planting as claimed in claim 1, wherein 3 years of planting of vetch, astragalus sinicus, peas, lima beans and fertile field radishes is adopted for turning over and returning to the field.
7. The fertilizer reduction and synergism method for pepper planting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizer reduction and synergism method for pepper planting has soil nutrient content: the pH value is 4.3-8.9, and the average value is 6.91; 1.20-99.80 g/kg of organic matters, and 30.97g/kg on average; 0.27-4.97 g/kg of total nitrogen, and the average is 1.84 g/kg; 1.1-532.2 mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, with the average value of 156.45 mg/kg; 0.1-89.8 mg/kg of available phosphorus, with the average value of 21.54 mg/kg; 15-1845 mg of slow-release potassium, with the average value of 263.48 mg/kg; 10-595 mg/kg of quick-acting potassium, and 124.58mg/kg of average value. 11.1-145.7 mg/kg of available sulfur, and the average value is 59.7 mg/kg; 1.3-177.8 mg/kg of available iron, and the average value is 34.7 mg/kg; the effective manganese is 1.1-265.0 mg/kg, and the average value is 23.6 mg/kg; 0.5-20.7 mg/kg of effective copper, and the average value is 2.8 mg/kg; 0.2-12.5 mg/kg of effective zinc, and the average value is 1.7 mg/kg; 0.2-1.1 mg/kg of water-soluble boron, and the average value is 0.5 mg/kg.
8. The fertilizer reduction and enhancement method for pepper planting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil nutrient correction factor and the absorption amount of pepper unit nutrient are the same as the soil nutrient correction factor, the element is absorbed by the aboveground part of the crop in the area lacking element, the element is measured, and the value is x 0.15;
the unit nutrient absorption amount of the pepper refers to the amount of nutrient which needs to be absorbed for forming a certain pepper yield, including N, P2O5、K2O；
Base fertilizer: and (2) applying 1000-2000 kg of farmyard manure or 200-300 kg of commercial organic fertilizer to each mu of field planting after seedling cultivation of the peppers during land preparation and ridging, wherein the farmyard manure is fully decomposed, and the commercial organic fertilizer meets the NY525-2012 requirement. Applying 15-15-1560 kg/mu of compound fertilizer, and uniformly mixing the compound fertilizer and the organic fertilizer and then applying;
topdressing: in the initial flowering period, urea and potassium sulfate are adopted, the application amount of the urea and potassium sulfate is 8+8kg per mu, and the urea and potassium sulfate are applied by roots after adding clear liquid dung. In the fruit setting period, urea, potassium sulfate and calcium superphosphate are adopted, the application amount per mu is 8+8+10kg, 8kg of urea is applied in the root application full-bearing period after adding clear liquid dung, and the root application is performed after adding clear liquid dung; 0.2-0.3 percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 0.2 percent calcium nitrate solution as well as trace elements boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer are sprayed at intervals during the period of foliage dressing and fruit setting, and the spraying is carried out for 1 time and 2-3 times at intervals of 10 days.
9. The fertilizer reduction and synergism method for pepper planting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizer reduction and synergism method for pepper planting has water and fertilizer integration:
(1) base fertilizer: before field planting after seedling raising of the peppers, applying 1000-2000 kg of farmyard manure or 100-200 kg of commercial organic fertilizer to each mu during land preparation and ridging, wherein the farmyard manure is fully decomposed, the commercial organic fertilizer meets the requirement of NY525-2012 organic fertilizer, applying 15-15-1530-40kg of compound fertilizer per mu, and uniformly mixing the compound fertilizer and the organic fertilizer and then applying;
(2) topdressing: irrigation is carried out for the 1 st time and the 2 nd time after planting, and the irrigation amount is 15-20 m per mu per time3Irrigating and fertilizing for 2-3 times from the seedling stage to the flowering stage, irrigating and fertilizing once every 10-15 days according to the conditions of climate and soil moisture content, and fertilizing 2kg of water-soluble fertilizer for each time with irrigation amount of 10-15 m3(ii) a Irrigating 3-5 times in the fruit setting period and the fruit filling period, irrigating and fertilizing once every 10-15 days, and applying 3kg of water-soluble fertilizer in each irrigation with irrigation amount of 10-15 m3。
10. The fertilizer reduction and efficiency enhancement method for pepper planting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizer reduction and efficiency enhancement method for pepper planting comprises the steps of returning green manure to field, sowing the pepper immediately after the pepper is harvested and soil is ploughed, and selecting the variety from the group consisting of arrow pea, milk vetch, pea, broad bean and fertile field radish; adopting a broadcast sowing mode, and directly turning and pressing the fertilizer for returning to the field in the next year;
(1) base fertilizer: and (2) applying 1000-2000 kg of farmyard manure or 200-300 kg of commercial organic fertilizer to each mu of field planting after seedling cultivation of the peppers during land preparation and ridging, wherein the farmyard manure is fully decomposed, and the commercial organic fertilizer meets the NY525-2012 requirement. Applying 15-15-1550 kg/mu of compound fertilizer, and uniformly mixing the compound fertilizer and the organic fertilizer and then applying;
(2) topdressing: in the initial flowering period, urea and potassium sulfate are adopted, the application amount of the urea and potassium sulfate is 5+3kg per mu, and the urea and potassium sulfate are applied by roots after adding clear liquid dung. In the fruit setting period, urea, potassium sulfate and calcium superphosphate are adopted, the application amount per mu is 5+10+3kg, the roots are mixed with clear liquid manure, the application amount per mu of urea and potassium sulfate is 6+4kg in the full fruit period, and the roots are mixed with clear liquid manure; 0.2-0.3 percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 0.2 percent calcium nitrate solution as well as trace elements boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer are sprayed at intervals during the period of foliage dressing and fruit setting, and the spraying is carried out for 1 time and 2-3 times at intervals of 10 days.
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| CN115581178A (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2023-01-10 | 宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所(宁夏设施农业工程技术研究中心) | Water-saving pepper planting yield stabilizing method, system, equipment and storage medium |
| CN115918341A (en) * | 2023-01-06 | 2023-04-07 | 东北农业大学 | Method for applying soybean high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer |
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2021
- 2021-03-19 CN CN202110305736.XA patent/CN113348988A/en active Pending
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| 刘宁莉等: "露地辣椒化肥减量增效施肥技术模式", 农业技术与装备, vol. 364, no. 4, pages 149 - 150 * |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114521376A (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2022-05-24 | 塔里木大学 | Method for making field scale jujube garden variable grid fertilization chart applied to agricultural machinery operation |
| CN115581178A (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2023-01-10 | 宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所(宁夏设施农业工程技术研究中心) | Water-saving pepper planting yield stabilizing method, system, equipment and storage medium |
| CN115918341A (en) * | 2023-01-06 | 2023-04-07 | 东北农业大学 | Method for applying soybean high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer |
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