CN113079784B

CN113079784B - Special fertilizer for regionalized corn based on QUEFTS model and application method

Info

Publication number: CN113079784B
Application number: CN202110381984.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周卫; 何萍; 徐新朋; 艾超; 孙静文; 王玉军
Original assignee: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning of CAAS
Current assignee: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning of CAAS
Priority date: 2021-04-09
Filing date: 2021-04-09
Publication date: 2022-08-23
Anticipated expiration: 2041-04-09
Also published as: CN113079784A

Abstract

The invention discloses a special fertilizer for regionalized corn based on a QUEFTS model and an application method thereof, and provides a simple, quantitative and reasonable special fertilizer for corn with the characteristics of regionalization and an application method thereof, namely, the growth environment and soil fertility conditions of corn crops are evaluated by key parameters such as yield, yield reaction, relative yield and the like which can be obtained by corn in a complex corn fertilization system, and a special fertilizer for corn, namely nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and the like are quickly and accurately provided ₂ O ₅ ) And potassium (K) ₂ O) nutrient requirement proportion and a corresponding recommended fertilization method. The method is a fertilizer production and reduction technology which effectively improves the yield and the fertilizer utilization rate of corn crops, reduces environmental pollution, improves soil fertility, is efficient and easy to implement and is widely applicable to environmental protection, and provides technical support for the industrial production of the corn special blended fertilizer and/or the corn special compound fertilizer and/or the compound fertilizer with regional characteristics.

Description

Special fertilizer for regionalized corn based on QUEFTS model and application method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of compound fertilizer production and balanced fertilization, in particular to a fertilizer preparation method and an application method of a special regional corn fertilizer based on a QUEFTS model.

Background

The fertilizer is an important guarantee for grain safety, and contributes to grain yield increase by 40-50%. Since the eighties of the last century, the total fertilizer usage amount in China has increased from 1600 ten thousand tons (depreciation) to 5990 ten thousand tons in 2014, which is increased by 270%, and even in the last 10 years, the fertilizer usage amount in China still increases at the rate of 2.7% per year. At present, the fertilizer consumption of the unit area cultivated land in China is 329 kg/hectare, which is 2.6 times of that in the United states and 2.5 times of that in the European Union. The utilization rate of fertilizer nutrients is low in China, the utilization rate of a nitrogen fertilizer in season is only 30% -35%, and the utilization rate of a phosphate fertilizer is only 10% -20%. For a long time, China increases the unit yield by means of large input of fertilizers, and forms a special production system for high-strength utilization of farmlands in China. Excessive or unreasonable application of the fertilizer can not only not further improve the yield, but also cause resource waste, and the lost nutrients enter the environment and cause serious threat to the ecological environment of the farmland, thereby directly influencing the sustainable utilization of the farmland. Therefore, aiming at the production system with high fertilizer input and high farmland strength utilization which is peculiar in China, the theory, the method and the technical system for scientifically and efficiently utilizing fertilizer resources and establishing high-efficiency fertilization of different crop systems are important for ensuring the continuous high yield of crops and the sustainable utilization of farmlands and protecting the safety of ecological environment.

The corn planting range of China is wide, and the corn planting area is divided into a spring corn planting area and a summer corn planting area. The intensive corn production system plays a vital role in food production in China and plays an irreplaceable role in guaranteeing domestic and even international food safety. To meet the population growth needs, the global corn yield needs to be increased by 450 x 106t by 2050, while the Chinese corn yield accounts for 21.4% of the global corn yield. China has a wide corn planting area, the climate conditions and the soil types are greatly different, and the corn planting area is divided into a spring corn planting area and a summer corn planting area according to the area. The spring corn mainly comprises planting areas such as Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Shanxi, Gansu and Xinjiang; summer corn mainly comprises planting areas such as Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Anhui and the like. However, the fertilization of corn is a complex problem, the traditional fertilization method cannot meet the requirement of high yield of corn, how to scientifically and reasonably compound fertilizer and recommend fertilization according to different growth periods of corn by using a model simulation technology is a practical problem to be solved in the field at present, and a simplified and reasonable fertilizer compounding and recommending fertilization method is urgently needed according to comprehensive scientific evaluation based on a model, considering soil and meteorological conditions and considering both agronomic benefits and environmental benefits.

There may be great uncertainty about the different nutrient requirements of corn varieties because the intrinsic nutrient efficiencies of different varieties may vary greatly, even if the same variety has different intrinsic nutrient efficiencies due to differences in planting sites and seasons. Due to the difference of climate, genotype and nutrient management measures among different planting types, the utilization degree of soil basic nutrient supply, nutrient absorption, harvest index, nutrient harvest index and nutrient internal efficiency are different, which is the root cause of the lack of corn special fertilizer in China. The farmland management mode of the small farmers in China causes great variation of soil nutrients, and the differences of tight stubble planting, soil types, climate and the like are main challenges facing the intensive corn crop productivity, the special fertilizer production and the scientific guidance of fertilization.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a simplified, quantitative and rationalized regional corn special fertilizer based on a QUEFTS model and an application method thereof. In a complex corn fertilization system, the optimal nutrient absorption is estimated by taking 25th, median (50th) and 75th above and below the intrinsic efficiency of nutrients as the maximum accumulation boundary and the maximum dilution boundary of the nutrients, the basic nutrient supply capacity of soil is estimated by yield reaction and relative yield, and the fertilizer effect is estimated by the agronomic efficiency, so that the special fertilizer for corn and the corresponding recommended fertilization method are quickly and accurately provided. The method is a fertilizer production and reduction technology which effectively improves the yield and the fertilizer utilization rate of corn crops, reduces environmental pollution, improves soil fertility, is efficient and easy to implement and is widely applicable to environmental protection, and provides technical support for the factory production of the corn special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or the corn special compound fertilizer and/or the compound fertilizer with regional characteristics.

Note: the definitions or terms of the terms related to the present invention are to be construed as follows:

QUEFTS model: the method is characterized in that the relation between the crop yield and the nutrient absorption of the overground part is analyzed on the basis of applying a large amount of test data, and the relation accords with a linear-parabola-platform function.

Intrinsic nutrient efficiency (Internalefficiency, IE, kg/kg): defined as the yield of grain produced per 1kg of nutrient absorbed, i.e. the ratio of the economic yield to the amount of nutrient absorbed by the overground part.

Nutrient uptake per ton of grain (receiver internal effect, RIE, kg/t): defined as the nutrient absorbed by the overground parts of the crop producing 1t of kernel, i.e. per ton of grain nutrient absorption.

The yield (atternableyield Ya) was obtained: i.e., the maximum yield obtained under field or test station testing conditions using currently known information technology and advanced management practices while eliminating yield limiting factors (e.g., nutrients, pests, etc.).

Yield Response (YR) is the difference in yield between fertilization and nutrient deficiency treatments. The yield difference between the yield obtained and the yield corresponding to the subtractive treatment is represented by YRN, YRP and YRK for the N-, P-and K-applied yield responses, respectively. YR is the yield increased by fertilization and is one of the important parameters to be considered for balanced fertilization. YR can reflect not only the condition of soil basic nutrient supply but also the condition of fertilization effect.

Relative Yield (RY): defined as the ratio of kernel yield to obtainable yield of a reduced-yield crop. RY is an agronomic parameter calculated based on available yield and yield response.

Agronomic Efficiency (AE): refers to the yield increase of crops by applying a certain nutrient. I.e., grain yield increment of crops to which 1kg of certain nutrient was applied, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium agronomic efficiencies are represented by AEN, AEP and AEK, respectively. Agronomic efficiency reflects fertilizer effect.

And (3) supplying basic nutrients of soil: is defined as the ability of the soil to supply certain nutrients in the soil without applying them, but with other nutrients being sufficiently supplied. Soil foundation N, P and K nutrient supply are indicated by INS, IPS and IKS, respectively.

The data sources of the invention are as follows:

field trials in the maize growing region of China in 2000-2015 were collected and summarized from the International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI), academic articles published in journals by the Ministry of Chinese and colleagues, and doctor and Master academic papers. The test points cover different planting types of spring corn and summer corn in the main production area of Chinese corn. The tests comprise a variety test, a fertilizer magnitude test, a nutrient limiting factor test, a long-term positioning test and the like. The collected corn data processing comprises optimized nutrient management processing (OPT), nitrogen reduction processing, phosphorus reduction processing, potassium reduction processing, blank processing, farmer habit fertilization measure processing (FP), element reduction processing based on the FP and the like.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a special fertilizer preparation method for regionalized corn based on a QUEFTS model comprises the following steps:

(1) applying a QUEFTS model to fit curves of N, P and K optimum nutrient demand of overground parts under different potential yields and target yields of spring corn and summer corn, and obtaining intrinsic nutrient efficiency (IE) and nutrient absorption (RIE) parameters of the spring corn and the summer corn through the nutrient absorption and grain yield of the overground part N, P, K corresponding to the straight line part of the optimum nutrient absorption curve of the overground part, wherein the parameters are shown in attached figures 1 and 2;

the potential yield of spring corn is fitted to 16000kg/hm by applying a QUEFTS model ² Intrinsic nutrient efficiency (IE) and nutrient uptake per ton (RIE) of spring corn obtained from the aboveground optimum nutrient demand curves for different target yields are shown in Table 1-1, and the QuEFTS model was applied to fit a summer corn potential yield of 16000kg/hm ² Intrinsic summer corn nutrient efficiency (IE) and tonnage nutrient absorption (RIE) obtained from the aboveground optimum nutrient demand curves for different target yields are shown in tables 1-2;

TABLE 1-1

Tables 1 to 2

(2) According to step (1), tables 1-1 and 1-2, with a potential yield of 16000kg/hm ² Straight line part of curve of optimal nutrient demand of underground partSetting the corresponding maximum target yield value as the obtainable yield (Ya) of spring corn and summer corn, wherein the maximum target yield value is as follows: spring corn 8.0t/hm ² Summer corn 9.0t/hm ² ；

(3) Calculating the nutrient absorption amount of the spring corn and summer corn under the yield obtained according to the nutrient absorption (RIE) parameters of the ton grain corresponding to the linear parts obtained in the tables 1-1 and 1-2 in the step (1) and the yield obtained in the step (2), namely: nutrient absorption capacity (kg/hm) of overground part ² )＝Ya(t/hm ² )×RIE(kg/1t)；

The corresponding aboveground part N, P and K nutrient absorption amount of the spring corn under the available yield is 132kg/hm ² 、 28.8kg/hm ² 、112.8kg/hm ² ；

The obtained yield of the summer corn corresponds to N, P nutrient absorption amount and 159.3kg/hm nutrient absorption amount of the overground part and K nutrient absorption amount ² 、 36.0kg/hm ² 、141.3kg/hm ² ；

The calculation results of the total nutrient absorption amount of the overground parts corresponding to the obtained yields of the spring corn and the summer corn are summarized in tables 1-3;

tables 1 to 3

(4) The soil basic nutrient N, P and K supply capacity grades are determined according to the relative yields (RYN, RYP and RYK) corresponding to 25th, median and 75th of the relative yields of spring corn, summer corn N, P and K nutrients, and INS, IPS and IKS supplied with the corresponding grades of soil basic nutrients N, P and K can be obtained by combining the steps (1) and (2) of the ton-grain nutrient absorption RIE and the yield Ya, namely: IS ═ Ya × RY × RIE;

wherein, the soil basic nutrient N, P and K supply capacity grades are divided into low, medium and high grades according to RYN, RYP and RYK corresponding to 25th, medium value and 75th relative yield of spring corn, summer corn N, P and K nutrient;

the relative yield frequency profiles of the corn without N, P and K are shown in FIG. 3;

the relationship between the processing yield of the reduction of the corn and the obtainable yield is shown in figure 4;

the results of the RYN, RYP and RYK for the 25th, median and 75th relative yields of the spring corn, summer corn without N, P and K nutrients (subtractive treatment) and the division of the levels of the soil basic nutrients N, P and K supply capacity in terms of the 25th, median and 75th relative yields of the spring corn, summer corn N, P and K nutrients are summarized in tables 1-4;

tables 1 to 4

The INS, IPS and IKS of the soil basic nutrients corresponding to 25th, median and 75th of the relative yield of the spring corn, summer corn N, P and K nutrients are obtained according to 25th, median and 75th of the relative yield of the spring corn, summer corn N, P and K nutrients, RY corresponding to the median and 75th, RIE of the step (1), Ya of the step (2), namely: IS ═ Ya × RY × RIE;

wherein: INS (kg/hm) ² )＝Ya×RYN×(RIE-N)，IPS(kg/hm ² )＝Ya×RYP×(RIE-P)， IKS(kg/hm ² )＝Ya×RYK×(RIE-K)；

The INS, IPS and IKS calculation results of the soil basic nutrients of the grades corresponding to the 25th, the median and the 75th relative yields of the spring corn, the summer corn N, P and the K nutrient are summarized in tables 1-5;

tables 1 to 5

(5) Determining N, P and K nutrient supply amounts which should be provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the spring corn and the summer corn by adopting a nutrient balance method according to the N, P and K nutrient absorption amounts of the overground part corresponding to the obtained yield obtained in the step (3) and the step (4) and INS, IPS and IKS data of basic nutrient supply of the soil;

the supply amount (kg/hm) of fertilizer N, P and K nutrients in the whole growth period of the spring corn and the summer corn ² ) Equal to N, P nutrient and K nutrient absorption of the overground part of spring corn and summer corn respectivelyThe total yield minus the supply of the soil basic nutrients N, P and K,

namely: supply of N to N _{Overground part} INS for supplying P to P _{Above ground} IPS, fertilizer K for K _{Overground part} ─IKS；

The calculation results of the fertilizer N, P and K nutrient supply amounts in the whole growth period of the spring corn and the summer corn are summarized in tables 1-6;

tables 1 to 6

(6) Converting N, P and K nutrient supply amount which is required to be provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the spring corn and the summer corn obtained in the step (5) into N: P: K and N/N: P/N: K/N nutrient ratio between N, P and K nutrients which are required to be provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the spring corn and the summer corn;

the nutrient ratio of N/N to P/N to K/N of the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the spring corn and the summer corn is converted by taking N as a standard;

the nutrient ratio of N to P to K provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the spring corn and the summer corn and the ratio result of N/N to P/N to K/N converted by taking the N nutrient as a standard are summarized in tables 1-7;

tables 1 to 7

(7) According to the nutrient proportion of N to P to K and N/N to P/N to K/N provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the spring corn and the summer corn obtained in the step (6) in the table 1-7, the nutrient proportion of N to P to K and N/N to P/N to K/N provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the spring corn and the summer corn is adjusted according to the current utilization rate of the fertilizer and the fertilization measure;

further, the specific adjusting step in step (7) is as follows:

(7.1) adjustment according to the season utilization rate

The season utilization of the fertilizer N, P and K nutrients: 30% -35% of N, 10% -25% of P and 30% -45% of K; in the invention, the mutual synergistic effect of nutrients is considered, and the supply amounts of the fertilizer basis N, P and the K nutrients are respectively adjusted according to the season utilization rate of 35%, 25% and 45%; the adjusted N is P, K, N/35%, P, 25%, K, 45%, N, P, N, K, N, 35%, P, 25%, N, 35%, K, 45%, N, 1, 35%, P, 25%, N, 35%, K, 45%, N, 45%;

the results of the nutrient ratio of N/N to P/N to K/N of the fertilizer base N, P and the supply of K in the whole growth period of the spring corn and the summer corn after the adjustment of the utilization rate in the season are summarized in tables 1-8;

tables 1 to 8

(7.2) adjustment according to fertilization measures

The adjustment according to the fertilization measure means that in the key period of the growth of the spring corn and summer corn crops, the fertilizer is applied in times by adopting a proper fertilizer basis N, P and K nutrient distribution proportion; the key growth period of the spring corn and the summer corn is divided into a seedling stage, a jointing stage to a booting stage and a booting stage to a mature stage;

the fertilizer obtained after the fertilizer is adjusted according to the fertilizing measure on the basis of the step (7.1) is commonly called as a special fertilizer for spring corn and summer corn; the fertilizer special for spring corn and summer corn respectively consists of a base fertilizer special for base application, a stalk fertilizer and a spike fertilizer, and is applied in a large horn mouth period of 10-15 days before sowing, 10 days after jointing and 10-15 days before castration;

the supply amount of the basic N, P and K nutrients of the base fertilizer, the stalk fertilizer and the ear fertilizer special for the spring corn and the summer corn is distributed according to the total amount of the basic N, P and the K nutrients provided by the special fertilizer for the spring corn and the summer corn in the whole growth period of the corresponding corn. The allocation principle is as follows:

the special fertilizer N for the spring corn and the summer corn is provided by a special base fertilizer, a stalk fertilizer and a spike fertilizer respectively, and the proportion of the special base fertilizer, the stalk fertilizer and the spike fertilizer is 4:3:3, wherein: the special fertilizer N for basal application of spring corn and summer corn accounts for 40 percent of the total N, the stalk fertilizer N accounts for 30 percent of the total N, and the spike fertilizer N accounts for 30 percent of the total N;

the special fertilizer P, K for spring corn and summer corn is provided by special fertilizer for spring corn and summer corn, and accounts for 100% of the total P, K;

the stalk fertilizer N and the spike fertilizer N are both provided by N fertilizers;

the nutrient proportion results of the base fertilizer special for spring corn and summer corn, namely the base N, P and the K nutrient supply amount, which are distributed and adjusted according to the fertilizing measures, are summarized in tables 1-9.

Tables 1 to 9

(8) Respectively preparing and producing a special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or a compound fertilizer for the spring corn and the summer corn according to the nutrient proportion of N/N, P/N, K/N of the obtained special base fertilizer for the spring corn and the summer corn which is distributed and adjusted according to the fertilization measures in the steps (7) (7.2) from tables 1 to 9;

the bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or the compound fertilizer special for the spring corn and the summer corn are special base-applied fertilizers for the spring corn and the summer corn;

further, the specific preparation steps of the step (8) are as follows:

(8.1) according to the table 1-9 of (7.2), the nutrient ratio of N/N to P/N to K/N after the fertilization measures are finished is converted into the special fertilizer N to P for basal fertilization of spring corn and summer corn ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ Proportioning nutrients O;

the special fertilizer for basal application of spring corn and summer corn is converted into N: P ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ The results of the O nutrient ratios are summarized in tables 1-10.

Tables 1 to 10

(8.2) according to (8.1) table 1-10 spring corn and summer corn base application special fertilizer N: P ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ The proportion of the O nutrient is determined according to the GB15063-2001 compound fertilizer (compound fertilizer) standard, and the content (%) of the total nutrient of the special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or compound fertilizer for spring corn and summer corn and the corresponding N-P ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ After the grade of O, fertilizer preparation is carried out;

the invention also provides a method for applying the regional special fertilizer for corn based on the QUEFTS model, which is a recommended fertilizer application method based on yield response and agronomic efficiency, and comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: determining soil foundation N, P and K nutrient supply grades according to the annual average yield of corn crops in a corn planting area;

the soil basic nutrient supply grades are divided according to the grades of low-fertility soil, medium-fertility soil and high-fertility soil; wherein, the low fertility soil is a field of which the average yield of the crops in the past 5 years is less than 25% of the national field, the high fertility soil is a field of which the average yield of the crops in the past 5 years is more than 75% of the national field, and the medium fertility soil is a field of which the average yield of the crops in the past 5 years is between 25% and 75%;

the soil base N, P and K nutrient supply grades and corresponding evaluation methods of the spring corn and summer corn planting areas are summarized in Table 2-1.

TABLE 2-1

Step two: determining the corresponding corn special fertilizer N: P according to the soil foundation N, P and K nutrient supply grade of the corresponding planting area of the corn crop and the corn variety of the corresponding planting area ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ O nutrient proportion and fertilization mode;

the fertilizer N: P special for corn ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ The proportion of the O nutrient is that the special fertilizer N to P for the corn in the table 1-10 meets the requirements of the 'regional fertilizer preparation method for the corn based on the QUEFTS model' (8.1) ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ The fertilizer special for spring corn and summer corn is prepared according to the O nutrient proportioning requirement and the fertilizer preparation method (8.2) in the 'regionalized corn special fertilizer preparation method based on the QUEFTS model';

the fertilizer application mode of the special fertilizer for the corn is that the special fertilizer is applied to soil once before the corn is sowed, namely the special fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer;

step three: according to the corn speciesDetermining the obtainable yield (Ya) of the corn plant according to the annual average yield of the corn plant corresponding to the risk rating of the growing environment of the planting area’)；

The growth environment risk level is evaluated according to local climate conditions and field soil conditions;

the local climate conditions are the frequency of natural disasters such as drought, low temperature and frost; the condition of the field soil is whether barrier factors exist in the test field soil, and the barrier factors refer to that the soil is any one of saline soil, peat soil and acidic sulfate soil;

the growing environment risk level is divided into a high risk growing environment, a medium risk growing environment and a low risk growing environment;

the high-risk growth environment is soil with local natural disaster occurrence frequency more than or equal to 3 times per two years or soil condition of the field soil is obstacle soil, the medium-risk growth environment is soil with local natural disaster occurrence frequency more than or equal to 2 times per two years or soil layer thickness of the field soil is shallow, the low-risk growth environment is soil with local natural disaster occurrence frequency less than or equal to 1 time per two years, and the field soil has no obstacle factor;

said obtainable yield (Ya)’) Evaluating according to the growth environment risk level of the corn crops;

the yield obtained by the high-risk growth environment is equal to the local increase of 0.5t/hm on the basis of 5-10 years of average corn yield in the past ² ；

The yield of the medium risk growing environment is increased by 1.0t/hm on the basis of the average yield of the corn which is obtained in the past 5 to 10 years in the local ² ；

The low risk growth environment can obtain 1.5t/hm increased yield based on the average yield of past 5-10 years corn in local ² 。

The local average corn yield of 5 to 10 years, preferably the local average corn yield of 5 years.

The corn crop can obtain the yield (Ya)’) The results of the yields obtained after evaluation according to the growth environment risk rating are summarized in Table 2-2.

Tables 2 to 2

Step four: according to the yield obtainable in step three (Ya)’) Determining a nitrogen fertilization yield response for the respective corn crop with the corn crop variety for the respective planting area (YRN);

the nitrogen application yield response YRN of the corn crop is calculated from equation 1:

YRN(t/hm ² )＝Ya’x k formula 1

Wherein k is a nitrogen-applying yield reaction coefficient;

the nitrogen application yield response coefficient (k) of the corn crop of the corresponding planting area is calculated by formula 2 according to the corn crop variety of the corresponding planting area and the nitrogen Relative Yield (RYN) of the corn crop corresponding to the soil basic nutrient supply grade of the corresponding planting area:

k 1-RYN formula 2

Wherein RYN is the nitrogen relative yield, i.e. the ratio of the seed yield of crops without nitrogen treatment to the obtainable yield; the relative nitrogen yields (RYN) of spring and summer maize are given in tables 1-4 of the aforementioned "a localized maize fertilization method based on the QUEFTS model" (4);

the calculation results of the nitrogen application yield reaction coefficient (k) of spring corn and summer corn corresponding to the soil basic nutrient supply grades of the corresponding planting areas are summarized in tables 2 to 3.

Tables 2 to 3

Step five: determining the nitrogen Agronomic Efficiency (AEN) of the corresponding corn crop based on the nitrogen application Yield Response (YRN) obtained for the corn crop at the corresponding planting area in step four;

a significant quadratic curve relationship exists between the yield response and the agronomic efficiency; FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the yield response of nitrogen application and the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen for spring corn; FIG. 5 shows the relationship between nitrogen yield response and nitrogen agronomic efficiency for summer maize;

fitting a binomial relation curve between the nitrogen agronomic efficiency of the corn crops and the nitrogen application yield reaction to obtain a one-dimensional quadratic equation relation between the nitrogen agronomic efficiency of the corn crops and the nitrogen application yield reaction of the corn crops, namely calculating the nitrogen Agronomic Efficiency (AEN) of the corn crops by a formula 3:

AEN(kg/kg)＝a×(YRN) ² + b × (YRN) + c formula 3

Wherein a is a quadratic term coefficient, b is a primary term coefficient, and c is a constant term;

numerical values of binomial coefficients a, b and c in the binomial formula between the nitrogen agronomic efficiency and the nitrogen application yield reaction of the corn crop are obtained by fitting binomial curves of the previous test data of spring corn and summer corn;

the spring corn binomial coefficients (a, b, c): a is-0.1118, b is 3.5435, c is 6.7919;

the summer maize binomial coefficients (a, b, c): a is-0.0559, b is 2.7026, c is 5.8266;

numerical values of binomial coefficients (a, b and c) in the binomial formula of the nitrogen Agronomic Efficiency (AEN) of the spring corn and the summer corn are summarized in 2-4;

tables 2 to 4

Step six: determining the total nitrogen application quantity N of the corn crops in the corresponding planting areas in the whole growth period according to the nitrogen application Yield Reaction (YRN) of the corn crops in the corresponding planting areas in the step four and the nitrogen Agronomic Efficiency (AEN) of the corn crops in the corresponding planting areas in the step five _{General assembly} ；

The total nitrogen application amount of the corn crops in the corresponding planting areas of the corn crops is calculated by a formula 4:

N _{general (1)} (kg/hm ² )＝YRN(t/hm ² ) X 1000/AEN (kg/kg) formula 4

Wherein, N _{General assembly} YRN is nitrogen application yield reaction, AEN is nitrogen agronomic efficiency;

step seven: according to the 'special regional corn fertilizer preparation method based on QUEFTS model' (7.2) and the total nitrogen application amount N in the whole growth period of the corn crops in the corresponding planting regions obtained in the sixth step _{General assembly} Determining N provided by the special corn fertilizer in the two corresponding planting areas in the step (2) to account for the total nitrogen application amount N _{General (1)} Percent m (%);

the total nitrogen application amount in the whole growth period of the corn crops is N + S +;

the total nitrogen application amount in the whole growth period of the corn is provided by a special basal fertilizer N, a stalk fertilizer N and a spike fertilizer N, the proportion of the special basal fertilizer N to the stalk fertilizer N to the spike fertilizer N is 4:3:3, wherein: the percentage m (%) of the base-applied fertilizer N for the spring corn and the summer corn accounts for 40% of the total amount of the applied N, the percentage m (%) of the stalk fertilizer N for the spring corn and the summer corn accounts for 30% of the total amount of the applied N, and the percentage m (%) of the spike fertilizer N for the spring corn and the summer corn accounts for 30% of the total amount of the applied N;

step eight: according to the 'regional corn special fertilizer preparation method based on QUEFTS model' (8.2), the special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or compound fertilizer N-P for spring corn and summer corn ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ The concentration w (%) of the N nutrient in the O grade and the total nitrogen (N) applying amount N in the whole growth period of the corn crops in the corresponding planting areas in the step six _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² ) Seventhly, determining the percentage m (%) of the corn crop special fertilizer N in the corresponding planting area in the total nitrogen application amount, and determining the recommended application amount of the corn crop special fertilizer in the corresponding planting area;

the recommended application amount of the special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or the compound fertilizer for the corn is calculated by a formula 5:

recommended application amount (kg/hm) of special fertilizer for corn ² )＝N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² ) X m (%)/w (%) formula 5

Wherein m (%) is the percentage of the special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or compound fertilizer N in the total nitrogen application amount of the spring corn and the summer corn, and w (%) is the special bulk blending fertilizer for the spring corn and the summer cornMixed fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or compound fertilizer N-P ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ N nutrient concentration (%) in O grade;

furthermore, the recommended application amount of the special fertilizer for base application of spring corn and summer corn is N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² ) X 40%/w (%), recommended application amount of the spring corn and summer corn stalk fertilizer is N _{General (1)} (kg/hm ² ) X 30%/w (%), recommended application amount of spring corn and summer corn ear fertilizer is N _{General (1)} (kg/hm ² )×30％/w(％)；

Through above-mentioned technical scheme, compare with prior art, have following advantage and beneficial effect:

1) the QUEFTS model is applicable to different maize varieties. The yield and nutrient absorption of current high-yield corn varieties are greatly different, the QUEFTS model can be used for testing the yield and nutrient internal efficiency of different varieties under the same processing condition, the lower yield and nutrient internal efficiency of some varieties means that more fertilizer input is needed to reach the target yield, and the analysis not only is beneficial to screening high-yield and high-efficiency varieties, but also provides an application basis for balanced fertilization of corn and specialization of fertilizer production.

2) The QUEFTS model simulates an optimal nutrient absorption curve, and can provide suggestions for decision makers through verification of the QUEFTS model, customize regional special fertilizer basic nutrient proportion, and improve nutrient management measures such as fertilizing amount, fertilizing time, fertilizing proportion and the like so as to achieve the purposes of high yield and high efficiency.

3) The use of the QUEFTS model to estimate nutrient uptake in corn has the advantage of using a large amount of field test data to estimate optimal nutrient uptake without bias to the estimation from individual or a small number of test points, and is therefore of general interest. Most importantly, the model considers the interaction between N, P and K macronutrient elements.

4) A special fertilizer for regionalized corn based on a QUEFTS model and an application method thereof give consideration to other source nutrients besides soil per se, such as a crop rotation system, straw returning, nutrient residual effect of crops in the previous season, organic fertilizer application, atmospheric sedimentation, irrigation water and the like. For the corn fertilizer, the amount of nutrients required by the crop yield response and the amount of nutrients required for supplementing the aboveground removal amount of the crops are calculated. And (3) recommending corn fertilization, obtaining the fertilizer according to the correlation between the crop agronomic efficiency and the yield response, and properly adjusting the fertilizer according to the land detail information and the classification of the basic nutrient supply capacity of the soil.

5) The 'regionalized corn special fertilizer preparation and application method based on the QUEFTS model' conforms to the 4R principle, namely, a proper fertilizer type is selected, and a proper amount is used for application at a proper position at a proper time so as to meet the nutrient requirement of crops and achieve supply and demand synchronization.

6) A regional special fertilizer preparation and application method for corn based on a QUEFTS model is characterized in that a database containing crop yield response, agronomic efficiency and nutrient absorption and utilization information is established on the basis of summarizing fertilizer field experiments conducted nationwide in the last decade, and a special fertilizer preparation and application method for corn crops is established according to the internal relation of soil basic nutrient supply, crop yield response and agronomic efficiency and the optimal nutrient absorption and utilization characteristic parameters of crops with general guiding significance.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a spring corn aboveground optimum nutrient demand curve fitted by a QUEFTS model under different yield potentials, YA, YD and YU are respectively an aboveground nutrient maximum accumulation boundary, a maximum dilution boundary and an optimum nutrient absorption curve;

FIG. 2 is a graph of the optimum nutrient demand for the overground parts of summer corn under different yield potentials fitted by a QUEFTS model, YA, YD and YU being the maximum accumulation boundary, the maximum dilution boundary and the optimum nutrient absorption curve of the overground parts of summer corn, respectively;

FIG. 3 is a histogram of relative yield for all maize plants without N, P and K;

FIG. 4 is a graph of the yield of all corn minus elements treatments versus the obtainable yield;

FIG. 5 is a graph of a spring corn nitrogen application yield response versus nitrogen agronomic efficiency secondary curve;

FIG. 6 is a graph of the secondary curve of the yield response of spring corn nitrogen application and the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or compound fertilizer for corn and application method thereof

This example was carried out in the democratic countryside outside the hallBin city of Heilongjiang province in 2013-one 2015, and the planting system was spring corn single cropping.

The average yield of the test site in the last 5 years is greater than 75% of the yield of the corn planting area in the country, so the soil fertility grade of the test site is high fertility soil.

The test sites were high fertility soils, as shown in tables 1-9: the fertilizer special for spring corn is N: P ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ And (4) preparing the fertilizer when O is 1.00:0.86: 0.99.

The yield condition and natural climate condition of the test site in the past year: the average yield level of spring corn in the past year is 12t/hm ² The frequency of natural disasters in the local area is 2 times per two years, the soil layer thickness of the soil in the test field is shallow, the natural climate condition is a medium risk growth environment, and the yield can be obtained (Ya)’) For increasing 1.0t/hm on the basis of the local past 5-year corn average yield level ² Ready-to-obtain yield Ya of spring corn’(t/hm ² )＝ 12t/hm ² +1t/hm ² ＝13t/hm ² 。

The site spring corn crop nitrogen application Yield Response (YRN) is given by the formula: YRN (t/hm) ² )＝Ya’(t/hm ² ) X k, where the nitrogen yield response coefficient (k) is given by the formula: k is calculated from 1 to RYN; the relative nitrogen yield RYN of spring corn crops for the high fertility soil basal nutrient supply rating is given in tables 2-3, where RYN-0.86, k-1-RYN-1-0.86-0.14, i.e.:

nitrogen application yield reaction YRN ═ Ya for spring corn crop’(t/hm ² )×k＝13t/hm ² ×0.14＝1.82t/hm ² ；

Test site Nitrogen Agronomic Efficiency (AEN) of spring corn crops is determined by the formula AEN (kg/kg) ═ a × (YRN) ² + b × (YRN) + c. Wherein a is a quadratic coefficient, b is a first order coefficient, and c is a constant term, as given in tables 2-4, wherein the spring corn binomial coefficients (a, b, c) are all: a-0.1118, b-3.5435, and c-6.7919. Namely:

spring corn AEN (kg/kg) ═ a × (YRN) ² +b×(YRN)+c-0.1118×1.82 ² +3.5435×1.82+ 6.7919＝12.87(kg/kg)；

1. Spring corn special-purpose bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or compound fertilizer preparation method (based on dry basis of each ton of fertilizer)

The total nutrient content (%) of the fertilizer special for spring corn is prepared and produced according to 45%.

According to the N-P in the GB15063-2001 compound fertilizer (compound fertilizer) standard ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ The requirement of O grade is that the special fertilizer N is P for basal application of spring corn ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ O is 1.00:0.86:0.99, and stalk fertilizer and spike fertilizer are provided by urea; according to the formula N-P ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ The total nitrogen-effective phosphorus pentoxide-potassium oxide (O) sequence and the matched formula (grade) of the special spring corn basal fertilizer are N-P ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ 15.8-13.6-15.6 percent of O, and the matching formula (grade) of stalk fertilizer and spike fertilizer is N-P ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O-46.0-0.0-0.0. The raw materials and the dosages of the fertilizer special for each ton of spring corn are summarized in table 1.

TABLE 1

Raw materials	Fertilizer (kg) special for basal fertilizer	Stalk fertilizer (kg)	Spike fertilizer (kg)
				Urea (containing N46%)	271.31	1000.00	1000.00
Monoammonium phosphate (containing P) ₂ O ₅ 45％，N11％)	301.45	─	─
				Potassium chloride (containing K) ₂ O60％)	260.64	─	─
Filler material	166.60	─	─
				Total up to	1000.00	1000.00	1000.00

(1) Special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) for spring corn

271.31kg of granular urea, 301.45kg of monoammonium phosphate, 260.64kg of potassium chloride and 166.60kg of filler are weighed, fully and uniformly mixed in an asymmetric double-helix mixer, and are conveyed into a metering package by a belt conveyor, so that the special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) for spring corn is obtained.

(2) Special compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for spring corn

Weighing 271.3kg of urea, 301.45kg of monoammonium phosphate, 260.64kg of potassium chloride and 166.60kg of filler, fully and uniformly mixing in an asymmetric double-helix mixer, conveying the mixture into a granulator (both a disk granulator and a drum granulator) by using a belt conveyor for granulation, and drying, cooling, screening, metering and packaging to obtain the special compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for spring corn.

2. Recommended application amount of special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or compound fertilizer for spring corn

The application amount of the special fertilizer for spring corn is converted by taking the total nitrogen application amount of the spring corn in the whole growth period as a standard, and the method comprises the following specific steps:

(1) total nitrogen application of spring corn in whole growth period

The total nitrogen application amount of the spring corn in the whole growth period is determined according to the nitrogen application Yield Response (YRN) of the spring corn crops in the corresponding planting areas and the nitrogen Agronomic Efficiency (AEN) of the spring corn crops in the corresponding planting areas. From the formula N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² )＝YRN(t/hm ² ) X 1000/AEN (kg/kg). Wherein: spring corn nitrogen application yield reaction YRN ═ 1.82t/hm ² The nitrogen agronomic efficiency AEN of spring corn was 12.87 (kg/kg). Namely:

spring corn N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² )＝1.82(t/hm ² )×1000/12.87(kg/kg)＝141.41kgN/hm ²

(2) Special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or compound fertilizer for spring corn and/or recommended application amount of compound fertilizer

The total nitrogen application amount N in the whole growth period of the spring corn _{General assembly} Is provided by special base fertilizer N, stalk fertilizer N and spike fertilizer N, and the proportion of the special base fertilizer N and the stalk fertilizer N to the spike fertilizer N is4:3:3Wherein: the percentage of N (%) -40% of the total N is provided by BB fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer, the grade (formula) is N-P ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ 15.8-13.6-15.6% of O and 15.8% of w, and is applied before sowing; the spring corn stalk fertilizer N and the spike fertilizer N respectively account for 30 percent of the total amount of N applied, are provided by urea, and have the grade (formula) of N-P ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O46-0-0, w (%) 46%, applied within 10 days after jointing and 10-15 days before castration, respectively. Namely:

special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or compound fertilizer for spring corn and/or recommended application amount (kg/hm) of compound fertilizer ² ) ＝N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² )×m(％)/w(％)＝141.41kg/hm ² ×40％/15.8％＝358.00kg/hm ²

Recommended application amount (kg/hm) of spring corn stalk fertilizer ² )＝N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² )×m(％)/w(％)＝141.41kg/hm ² × 30％/46％＝92.22kg/hm ²

Recommended application amount (kg/hm) of spring corn spike fertilizer ² )＝N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² )×m(％)/w(％)＝141.41kg/hm ² × 30％/46％＝92.22kg/hm ²

3. Effects of the embodiments

In this example, two control treatments were set for field trials to compare with the method of the present invention, specifically as follows: CK (no nitrogenous fertilizer treatment) and FP (high nitrogenous fertilizer treatment). Wherein the dosage of the spring corn FP nitrogen fertilizer is 225.00kgN/hm ² Phosphorus (P) ₂ O ₅ ) Potassium (K) ₂ O) fertilizer application amount is the same as that of the spring corn special fertilizer.

The results of the annual total yield and the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer of the spring corns in each treatment are summarized in a table 2.

TABLE 2

As can be seen from Table 2, the total yield of corn is increased 39.17% by applying the fertilizer special for spring corn of the invention compared with the treatment without applying nitrogen fertilizer. Compared with high nitrogen fertilizer treatment, under the condition of reducing the nitrogen fertilizer dosage by 37.15 percent, the total yield of the spring corn and the treated yield of the high nitrogen fertilizer can be basically equal by applying the method, and no obvious difference exists.

Compared with the high-nitrogen fertilizer treatment, the special fertilizer for spring corn has the advantages that the difference of the total nitrogen accumulation amount on the upper part of the corn field is not obvious, but the application of the special fertilizer for spring corn enables the agronomic utilization rate and the apparent utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer for spring corn to be obviously higher than those of the high-nitrogen fertilizer treatment. Compared with high nitrogen fertilizer treatment, the application of the special fertilizer for spring corn of the invention can respectively improve the agronomic utilization rate and the apparent utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer of the spring corn by 8.92kg/kg and 14.62 percent.

The results show that the fertilizer special for spring corn can keep high yield of spring corn under the precondition of obviously reducing the using amount of nitrogen, and obviously improve the agronomic utilization rate and the apparent utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer for spring corn.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A special fertilizer preparation method for regionalized corn based on a QUEFTS model is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) fitting N, P and K optimal nutrient demand curves of the underground parts of the spring corn and the summer corn under different potential yields and target yields by applying a QUEFTS model, and obtaining the nutrient intrinsic efficiency IE of the spring corn and the summer corn and the nutrient absorption RIE parameters of the tonnage grain through the nutrient absorption and grain yield of the underground parts N, P, K corresponding to the straight line parts of the optimal nutrient absorption curves of the underground parts;

(2) setting the maximum target yield value corresponding to the straight line part of the curve of the optimal nutrient demand of the overground part under the potential yield of the step (1) as the obtainable yield Ya of the spring corn and the summer corn;

(3) obtaining the nutrient absorption amount of the underground parts of the yield Ya of the spring corn and the summer corn according to the yield Ya obtained in the step (2) and the corresponding ton grain nutrient absorption RIE parameters of the straight line part in the step (1),

namely: nutrient absorption capacity of overground part (kg/hm) ² )＝Ya(t/hm ² )×RIE(kg/1t)；

(4) Determining grades of soil basic nutrients N, P and K supply capacities according to RYN, RYP and RYK corresponding to 25th, median and 75th relative yields of spring corn, summer corn N, P and K nutrients, dividing the grades into low, medium and high, and combining the steps of (1) absorbing RIE (reactive ion absorption) of the grain per ton nutrients and (2) obtaining yield Ya to obtain INS, IPS and IKS corresponding to grades of soil basic nutrients N, P and K supply, namely: INS ═ Ya × RYN × RIE, IPS ═ Ya × RYP × RIE, IKS ═ Ya × RYK × RIE;

(5) determining N, P and K nutrient supply amounts to be provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the spring corn and the summer corn by adopting a nutrient balance method according to the data obtained in the step (3) and the step (4);

the N, P and K nutrient supply amount provided by the fertilizer during the whole growth period of the spring corn and the summer corn is equal to the total amount of the N, P and K nutrient absorption amount of the overground part of the corresponding corn minus the basic nutrient N, P and K supply amount of the soil,

namely: supply of N to N _{Above ground} INS, fertilizer supply P ═ P _{Above ground} IPS, fertilizer K for K ═ K _{Above ground} ─IKS；

(6) Converting the N, P and K nutrient supply amount which are required to be provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the spring corn and the summer corn obtained in the step (5) into the ratio of N: P: K and N/N: P/N: K/N between N, P and K nutrients which are required to be provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the spring corn and the summer corn;

(7) according to the nutrient proportion of N: P: K and N/N: P/N: K/N provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the spring corn and the summer corn obtained in the step (6), the nutrient proportion of N: P: K and N/N: P/N: K/N provided by the fertilizer in each stage in the whole growth period of the spring corn and the summer corn is adjusted according to the current utilization rate of the fertilizer and fertilization measures, and the specific adjustment steps are as follows:

(7.1) adjustment according to the season utilization

Fertilizer basis N, P and K nutrient supply are respectively based on the utilization rate in the season: adjusting N30-35%, P10-25%, K30-45%;

(7.2) adjustment according to fertilization measures

The spring corn and summer corn growth full-growth period is divided into a seedling stage, a stem elongation stage and a booting stage, the booting stage is a mature stage, and the special fertilizer corresponding to the spring corn and summer corn is a base application special fertilizer, a stalk fertilizer and a spike fertilizer respectively;

the distribution principle of the total amount of basic N, P and K nutrients provided by the corresponding special fertilizer in the whole growth period of the corn is as follows:

N：40％-30％-30％，P：100％-0％-0％，K：100％-0％-0％；

(8) according to the nutrient proportion of N/N to P/N to K/N provided by the fertilizer required by each stage in the whole growth period of the spring corn and the summer corn obtained in the step (7), the special bulk blending fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for the spring corn and the summer corn is prepared and produced respectively, and the concrete steps are as follows:

(8.1) converting the nutrient ratio of N/N to P/N to K/N obtained in the step (7) and adjusted according to the fertilization measure into the special fertilizer N to P for spring corn and summer corn ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ Proportioning nutrients O;

(8.2) according to the special fertilizer N: P for spring corn and summer corn in (8.1) ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ The proportion of the O nutrient is determined according to the GB15063-2001 standard, and the total nutrient content (%) and the corresponding N-P of the special bulk blending fertilizer and/or the compound fertilizer for the spring corn and the summer corn are respectively determined ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ And (4) after the grade of O, fertilizer preparation is carried out.

2. The method for preparing fertilizer special for regionalized corn based on QUEFTS model as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (7.1), the fertilizer base N, P and the supply of K nutrient are adjusted according to the current season utilization rate of 35%, 25% and 45%, respectively, i.e. the adjusted NpKK/35%: P/25%: K/45%, the NpNpKK/N35%: N/35% N: 35% P/25% N: 35% K/45% N: 1: 35% P/25% N: 35% K/45% N.

3. A method for applying localized corn specific fertilizer based on the QUEFTS model according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that it is a recommended application method based on the available yield, yield response and agronomic efficiency, comprising in particular the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: determining low, medium and high grades of soil foundation N, P and K nutrient supply of a planting area according to the average yield of corn crops in the past year in the planting area, namely low-fertility soil, medium-fertility soil and high-fertility soil, wherein the low-fertility soil is a field block of which the average yield of the crops in the past 5 years of the field block is less than 25% of the national average yield, the high-fertility soil is a field block of which the average yield of the crops in the past 5 years of the field block is greater than 75% of the national average yield, and the medium-fertility soil is a field block of which the average yield of the crops in the past 5 years of the field block is between 25% and 75%;

step two: determining corresponding special corn fertilizer N: P according to the soil foundation N, P and K nutrient supply grade obtained in the step one and corn varieties in corresponding planting areas ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ O nutrient proportion and fertilization mode;

step three: determining the obtainable yield Ya' according to the annual average yield level of the corn crops corresponding to the growth environment risk level of the corn planting area, and adopting the following estimation method:

dividing the growing environment of the planting area into a high-risk growing environment, a medium-risk growing environment and a low-risk growing environment according to the growing environment and soil conditions of the planting area;

the condition of the field soil is evaluated according to the existence of barrier factors of the test field soil, wherein the barrier factors refer to any one of saline soil, peat soil and acid sulfate soil; the growing environment is divided into a high risk growing environment, a medium risk growing environment and a low risk growing environment;

wherein the high-risk growing environment is soil with local natural disaster frequency more than or equal to 3 times per two years or soil condition of field as obstacle, and the high-risk growing environment is soil with high riskThe yield obtained in long environment is equal to the increase of 0.5t/hm on the basis of the average yield of the local past 5-10 years corn ² ；

The medium risk growing environment is 2 times per two years of natural disaster frequency or shallow soil layer thickness of field soil, and the yield of the medium risk growing environment is increased by 1.0t/hm on the basis of being equal to the local average corn yield of 5-10 years in the past ² ；

The low-risk growth environment is that the frequency of natural disasters in the local area is less than or equal to 1 time per two years, the field soil has no barrier factors, and the yield of the low-risk growth environment is increased by 1.5t/hm on the basis of the average yield of the corn in the past 5-10 years ² ；

Step four: determining a corn crop nitrogen application yield response YRN for the corresponding planting area according to the obtainable yield Ya' obtained in the step three, wherein the corn crop nitrogen application yield response YRN is calculated by the formula 1:

YRN(t/hm ² ) Ya' × k (formula 1),

wherein k is the nitrogen yield reaction coefficient, calculated by formula 2:

k is 1 to RYN (formula 2);

step five: determining the nitrogen agronomic efficiency AEN of the respective corn crop based on the corn crop nitrogen application yield response YRN obtained for the respective planting area in step four, namely:

AEN(kg/kg)＝a×(YRN) ² + b × (YRN) + c (formula 3),

step six: determining the total nitrogen application amount N in the corresponding corn crop growth period of the planting area according to the nitrogen application yield response YRN obtained in the fourth step and the nitrogen agronomic efficiency AEN obtained in the fifth step _{General assembly} Calculated from equation 4:

N _{general (1)} (kg/hm ² )＝YRN(t/hm ² ) X 1000/AEN (kg/kg) (formula 4);

step seven: according to the total nitrogen application amount N obtained in the sixth step _{General assembly} And the special fertilizer for the corn crops in the planting areas corresponding to the two steps determined in the step (7.2) in the step 1Providing N in the total nitrogen application amount N _{General assembly} In percent m (%) wherein:

the percentage m (%) of the base-applied fertilizer N for the spring corn and the summer corn accounts for 40% of the total amount of the applied N, the percentage m (%) of the stalk fertilizer N for the spring corn and the summer corn accounts for 30% of the total amount of the applied N, and the percentage m (%) of the spike fertilizer N for the spring corn and the summer corn accounts for 30% of the total amount of the applied N;

step eight: the special bulk fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer N-P for spring corn and summer corn according to the step (8.2) in the claim 1 ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ The concentration w (%) of N nutrient in O grade and the total nitrogen application amount N in the whole growth period of the corn crops in the planting areas corresponding to the six steps _{General (1)} (kg/hm ² ) And step seven, providing N for the special fertilizer for the corn crops based on the total nitrogen application amount N _{General assembly} The percentage m (%) of the corn fertilizer, determining the recommended application amount of the corn fertilizer in the corresponding planting area, and calculating according to a formula 5:

recommended application amount (kg/hm) of special fertilizer for corn ² )＝N _{General (1)} (kg/hm ² ) Xm (%)/w (%) (formula 5),

wherein, the recommended application amount of the special fertilizer for basal application of spring corn and summer corn is N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² ) X 40%/w (%), recommended application amount of the spring corn and summer corn stalk fertilizer is N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² ) X 30%/w (%), recommended application amount of spring corn and summer corn ear fertilizer is N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² )×30％/w(％)。

4. The localized corn specific fertilizer application method based on QUEFTS model as claimed in claim 3, wherein the numerical values of the binomial coefficients a, b, c in step five are obtained by fitting binomial curves of past test data of spring corn and summer corn.