CN112851434B

CN112851434B - Special fertilizer for regionalized rice based on QUEFTS model and application method

Info

Publication number: CN112851434B
Application number: CN202110384530.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周卫; 何萍; 徐新朋; 孙静文; 艾超; 王玉军
Original assignee: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning of CAAS
Current assignee: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning of CAAS
Priority date: 2021-04-09
Filing date: 2021-04-09
Publication date: 2022-08-23
Anticipated expiration: 2041-04-09
Also published as: CN112851434A

Abstract

The invention discloses a special fertilizer for regionalized rice based on a QUEFTS model and an application method thereof, and provides a special fertilizer for regionalized rice based on a QUEFTS modelThe fertilizer preparation and application method for the rice special fertilizer with the regionalization characteristic is light, simplified, quantitative and reasonable, namely the growth environment and soil fertility condition of rice crops are evaluated through key parameters such as yield, yield response, relative yield and the like of rice in a complex rice fertilizer application system, and the fertilizer nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) special for the rice are quickly and accurately provided ₂ O ₅ ) And potassium (K) ₂ O) nutrient requirement proportion and a corresponding recommended fertilization method. The method is a fertilizer production and reduced application technology which effectively improves the yield and fertilizer utilization rate of rice crops, reduces environmental pollution, improves soil fertility, is efficient and easy to implement, is widely applicable to environmental protection, and provides technical support for the industrial production of the special rice bulk blending fertilizer and/or the special rice compound fertilizer with regional characteristics.

Description

Special fertilizer for regionalized rice based on QUEFTS model and application method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of compound fertilizer production and balanced fertilization, in particular to a fertilizer preparation and application method of a special regional rice fertilizer based on a QUEFTS model.

Background

The fertilizer is an important guarantee for grain safety, and contributes to grain yield increase by 40-50%. Since the eighties of the last century, the total amount of fertilizer used in China has increased from 1600 ten thousand tons (depurated) to 5990 ten thousand tons in 2014, which has increased by 270%, and even in the last 10 years, the amount of fertilizer used in China still increases at the rate of 2.7% per year. At present, the fertilizer consumption of the unit area cultivated land in China is 329 kg/hectare, which is 2.6 times of that in the United states and 2.5 times of that in the European Union. The utilization rate of fertilizer nutrients is low in China, the utilization rate of a nitrogen fertilizer in season is only 30% -35%, and the utilization rate of a phosphate fertilizer is only 10% -20%. For a long time, China increases the unit yield by means of large input of fertilizers, and forms a special production system for high-strength utilization of farmlands in China. Excessive or unreasonable application of the fertilizer cannot further improve yield, also can cause resource waste, and the lost nutrients enter the environment to seriously threaten the ecological environment of the farmland, thereby directly influencing the sustainable utilization of the farmland. Therefore, aiming at the production system with high fertilizer input and high farmland strength utilization which is peculiar in China, the theory, the method and the technical system for scientifically and efficiently utilizing fertilizer resources and establishing high-efficiency fertilization of different crop systems are important for ensuring the continuous high yield of crops and the sustainable utilization of farmlands and protecting the safety of ecological environment.

In the future, people face the challenges of continuous increase of grain demand and continuous expansion of agricultural environment pollution, and the grain demand is expected to increase by 100% -110% from 2005-2050 in the world. It is predicted that by 2030, the world rice yield needs to be increased to 771.1X 10 ⁶ t can meet the demand. China is a big paddy rice planting country, the planting area accounts for 20% of the total planting area of paddy rice in the world, and the total yield of the paddy rice accounts for 29% of the total yield of the paddy rice in the world. The intensive rice production system plays a vital role in food production in China, and plays an irreplaceable role in guaranteeing domestic and international food safety. By 2013, the planting area of the Chinese rice reaches 30.3 multiplied by 10 ⁶ hm ² The total yield and the unit yield of the rice respectively reach 203.6 xl 0 ⁶ t and 6.7t/hm ² The planting areas of early rice, late rice and other rice (middle rice and first-season rice) are respectively 5.8 xl 0 ⁶ hm ² 、6.3×10 ⁶ hm ² And 18.2X 10 ⁶ hm ² The yields were 34.1X 10, respectively ⁶ t、36.5×10 ⁶ t and 133.0X 10 ⁶ t (china agricultural statistics annual survey council 2014).

China has a wide rice planting area, the climate conditions and the soil types are greatly different from south China, sea China and south China, north China to Heilongjiang China, and one-season rice, middle-season rice, early rice and late rice are divided according to the area. The first season rice is mainly planted in northeast and northwest areas of China, the climate type is cold temperate zone, the rice is planted singly, the rice is ripe in one year, and the growth period of the rice is from the middle and upper ten days of 5 months to the middle and lower ten days of 9 months. The middle-aged rice is mainly planted in most provinces in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river, individual provinces in southwest areas and North China, the climate type is temperate zone, the planting system mainly comprises crop rotation of rice, winter wheat, rape and the like, the rice is twice-ripe in one year, and the growth period of the rice is from the end of 5 months or the first 6 months to the end of 9 months or the first 10 months. Early rice and late rice are mainly planted in south China and in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river in respective provinces, the climate types are temperate zone and tropical zone, the two-cropping-every-year or three-cropping-every-year are mainly planted in a rice-rice or rice-rape crop rotation system, and the planting and harvesting dates are different due to climate difference. The difference of planting areas causes the fertilization of rice to be a complicated problem, and the variety is various and is the root cause of the lack of special fertilizer for rice in China.

The nutrient requirements of different rice varieties can be greatly uncertain, because the intrinsic nutrient efficiencies of different varieties can be greatly different, and the intrinsic nutrient efficiencies of the same variety can also be different due to the difference of planting places and seasons. Due to the difference of climate, genotype and nutrient management measures among different planting types, the utilization degree of the basic nutrient supply of the soil, the nutrient absorption, the harvest index, the nutrient harvest index and the nutrient internal efficiency are different. The farmland management mode of the small farmers in China causes great variation of soil nutrients, and differences of tight stubble planting, soil types, climates and the like are main challenges for intensive rice crop productivity, special fertilizer production and scientific fertilization guidance.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a simplified, quantified and rationalized regional fertilizer preparation and application method for rice based on a QUEFTS model, namely in a complex rice fertilization system, the optimal nutrient absorption is estimated by taking 25th, a median (50th) and 75th above and below the intrinsic nutrient efficiency as the maximum nutrient accumulation boundary and the maximum nutrient dilution boundary, the basic nutrient supply capacity of soil is estimated by yield reaction and relative yield, and the fertilizer effect is estimated by agronomic efficiency, so that the fertilizer preparation for rice and the corresponding recommended fertilization method are rapidly and accurately provided. The method is a fertilizer production and reduction technology which effectively improves the yield and the fertilizer utilization rate of rice crops, reduces environmental pollution, improves soil fertility, is efficient and easy to implement and is widely applicable to environmental protection, and provides technical support for the factory production of the special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) for rice and/or the special compound fertilizer and/or the compound fertilizer for rice with regional characteristics.

Note: the definitions of terms or terms related to the present invention are to be construed as follows:

QUEFTS model: the method is characterized in that the relation between the crop yield and the nutrient absorption of the overground part is analyzed on the basis of applying a large amount of test data, and the relation accords with a linear-parabola-platform function.

Intrinsic nutrient efficiency (Internalefficiency, IE, kg/kg): defined as the yield of grain produced per 1kg of nutrient absorbed, i.e. the ratio of the economic yield to the amount of nutrient absorbed by the overground part.

Nutrient uptake per ton of grain (receiver interfacial, RIE, kg/t): defined as the nutrient absorbed by the aerial parts of the crop producing 1t kernel yield, i.e. ton grain nutrient absorption.

The yield (atteinableyield, Ya, t/hm) ² ): i.e., the maximum yield obtained under field or test station testing conditions using currently known information technology and advanced management practices while eliminating yield limiting factors (e.g., nutrients, pests, etc.).

Yield reaction (yieldresponse, YR, t/hm) ² ) The yield difference between the fertilization treatment and the nutrient deficiency treatment is indicated. The yield difference between the yield obtained and the yield corresponding to the subtractive treatment is represented by YRN, YRP and YRK for the N-, P-and K-applied yield responses, respectively. YR is the yield increased by fertilization and is one of the important parameters to be considered for balanced fertilization. YR can reflect not only the condition of soil basic nutrient supply but also the condition of fertilization effect.

Relative Yield (RY): defined as the ratio of the yield of the reduced-yield crop kernel to the yield obtainable. RY is an agronomic parameter calculated based on available yield and yield response.

Agronomic efficiency (agronomic efficacy, AE, kg/kg): refers to the yield increase of crops by applying a certain nutrient. I.e., grain yield increment of crops to which 1kg of certain nutrient was applied, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium agronomic efficiencies are represented by AEN, AEP and AEK, respectively. Agronomic efficiency reflects fertilizer effect.

Basic nutrient supply of soil (IS, kg/hm) ² ): is defined as the ability of the soil to supply certain nutrients in the soil without applying them, but with other nutrients being sufficiently supplied. Soil foundation NNutrient supply for P and K is represented by INS, IPS and IKS, respectively.

The data sources of the invention are as follows:

the data are from field tests carried out in the main production area of rice in China in project 2000-2013 of International plant Nutrition research institute (IPNI) and various field tests published in academic journals in the period. The collected data sample covers the main planting area of the Chinese rice and contains information such as different climate types, crop rotation systems, soil fertility, rice varieties and the like; the field test types mainly comprise a nutrient reduction test, a fertilizer magnitude test, a long-term positioning test, a farming measure test, a 3414 test, a fertilizer variety test and the like, and the test indexes comprise biological yield, seed and straw N, P, K nutrient absorption and the like.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a special fertilizer preparation method for regionalized rice based on a QUEFTS model comprises the following steps:

(1) the method comprises the steps of (1) fitting N, P and K optimal nutrient demand curves of the overground part under different potential yields and target yields of the one-season rice, the middle rice and the early/late rice by using a QUEFTS model, and obtaining nutrient Intrinsic Efficiencies (IE) and nutrient absorption (RIE) parameters of the one-season rice, the middle rice and the early/late rice through the overground part N, P, K nutrient absorption and grain yield corresponding to a straight line part of the optimal nutrient absorption curve of the overground part, wherein the parameters are shown in the attached drawing 1:

the potential yield of the one-season rice is simulated to be 16000kg/hm by applying a QUEFTS model ² The intrinsic nutrient efficiencies (IE) and nutrient absorptions (RIE) per ton of the season rice obtained from the optimum nutrient demand curves of the aboveground parts at different target yields are shown in Table 1-1, and the potential yields of 16000kg/hm for mid-season rice and early/late-season rice are obtained by applying the QUEFTS model ² Intrinsic nutrient efficiency (IE) and nutrient absorption per ton of grain (RIE) obtained from the aboveground optimum nutrient demand curves for different target yields are shown in tables 1-2;

TABLE 1-1

Tables 1 to 2

(2) According to step (1), tables 1-1 and tables 1-2, with a potential yield of 16000kg/hm ² Setting the maximum target yield value corresponding to the straight line part of the optimal nutrient demand curve of the underground part as the obtainable yield (Ya) of the rice in one season, the middle rice and the early/late rice, wherein the maximum target yield value is as follows: one season rice 11.0t/hm ² 9.0t/hm of middle rice ² 9.0t/hm of early rice ² Late rice 9.0t/hm ² ；

(3) Calculating the upper nutrient absorption amount of the rice in one season, the middle rice and the early/late rice according to the corresponding ton grain nutrient absorption (RIE) parameters of the linear parts obtained in the step (1) and the linear parts obtained in the tables 1-1 and 1-2 and the obtained yield (Ya) obtained in the step (2), namely: nutrient absorption capacity (kg/hm) of overground part ² )＝Ya(t/hm ² )×RIE(kg/1t)；

The above-ground part N, P and the K nutrient absorption amount corresponding to the yield of the one-season rice are 162.80kg/hm ² 、41.80kg/hm ² 、165.00kg/hm ² ；

The aboveground part N, P and K nutrient absorption amount corresponding to the yield of the medium rice and the early/late rice are 153.90kg/hm ² 、30.60kg/hm ² 、165.60kg/hm ² ；

The calculation results of the total nutrient absorption amount of the overground part corresponding to the yield of the first-season rice, the middle rice and the early/late rice are summarized in tables 1-3;

tables 1 to 3

(4) The soil basic nutrient N, P and K supply capacity rating is determined according to the relative yields (RYN, RYP and RYK) corresponding to 25th, median and 75th, relative yields of the one-season rice, medium rice, early/late rice N, P and K nutrients, and INS, IPS and IKS supplied by the corresponding rating of soil basic nutrient N, P and K can be obtained by combining step (1) with the ton-grain nutrient absorption RIE and step (2) with the yield Ya, namely: IS ═ Ya × RY × RIE;

wherein, the grades of the supply capacities of the basic nutrients N, P and K are divided into low, medium and high grades according to the RYN, RYP and RYK corresponding to 25th, median and 75th of the relative yields of the nutrients of the rice, the medium rice, the early/late rice N, P and the K;

the frequency distribution graph of the relative yield of the rice of one season, the middle rice and the early/late rice without N, P application and K application is shown in the attached figure 2;

the relationship between the yield of the first season rice, the middle rice and the early/late rice after the reduction treatment and the obtainable yield is shown in the attached figure 3;

the results of the RYN, RYP and RYK for the 25th, median and 75th relative yields of the first season rice, medium rice and early/late rice without N, P applied and the K nutrient (reduced nutrient treatment) and the soil base nutrient N, P and K supplying ability ratings according to the 25th, median and 75th relative yields of the first season rice, medium rice, early/late rice N, P and the K nutrient are summarized in tables 1-4;

tables 1 to 4

INS, IPS and IKS of soil basic nutrients corresponding to 25th, median and 75th relative yields of K nutrients of the single-season rice, the medium rice, the early/late rice N, P are obtained according to the relative yields of 25th, median and 75th relative yields of K nutrients of the single-season rice, the medium rice, the early/late rice N, P and the RIE of the step (1) and the YA of the step (2), namely: IS ═ Ya × RY × RIE;

wherein: INS (kg/hm) ² )＝Ya×RYN×(RIE-N)，IPS(kg/hm ² )＝Ya×RYP×(RIE-P)， IKS(kg/hm ² )＝Ya×RYK×(RIE-K)；

The INS, IPS and IKS calculation results of the soil basic nutrients of the grades corresponding to the 25th, median and 75th relative yields of the nutrients of the first-season rice, the medium-season rice, the early/late rice N, P and the K are summarized in tables 1-5;

1-5

(5) determining N, P and K nutrient supply amounts which should be provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the one-season rice, the medium rice and the early/late rice by adopting a nutrient balance method according to the aboveground N, P and K nutrient absorption amounts corresponding to the obtainable yield obtained in the step (3) and the step (4) and the INS, IPS and IKS data of soil basic nutrient supply;

the supply amounts of fertilizer N, P and K nutrients (kg/hm) in the whole growth period of the rice in one season, the middle rice and the early/late rice ² ) Equal to the total absorbed amount of the nutrients N, P on the overground parts of the rice in one season, the middle rice, the early/late rice and the K minus the supply amount of the basic nutrients N, P and the K,

namely: supply of N to N _{Overground part} INS for supplying P to P _{Above ground} IPS, fertilizer K for K ═ K _{Overground part} ─IKS；

The calculation results of the nutrient supply amounts of the fertilizer N, P and K in the whole growth period of the first-season rice, the middle-season rice and the early/late rice are summarized in tables 1-6;

tables 1 to 6

(6) Converting the ratio of N to P and N to N/N to P/N to K/N between N, P and K nutrients which are required to be provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the rice, the middle rice and the early/late rice according to the N, P and K nutrient supply amount required to be provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the rice, the middle rice and the early/late rice obtained in the step (5);

the nutrient ratio of N/N to P/N to K/N of the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the rice in one season, the middle rice and the early/late rice is converted by taking N as a standard;

the nutrient proportion of N to P to K provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the first-season rice, the middle-season rice and the early/late rice and the proportion result of N/N to P/N to K/N converted by taking N nutrient as a standard are summarized in tables 1-7;

tables 1 to 7

(7) And (4) adjusting the nutrient ratio of N to P to K and N/N to P/N to K/N provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the rice in one season, the middle rice and the early/late rice according to the nutrient ratio of N to P to K and N/N to P/N to K/N provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the rice in one season, the middle rice and the early/late rice obtained in the step (6) shown in the table 1-7 according to the current season utilization rate of the fertilizer and a fertilizing measure.

Further, the specific adjusting step in step (7) is as follows:

(7.1) adjustment according to the season utilization

The season utilization of the fertilizer N, P and K nutrients: n30-35%, P10-25%, K30-45%; in the invention, the mutual synergistic effect of nutrients is considered, and the supply amounts of the fertilizer basis N, P and the K nutrients are respectively adjusted according to the season utilization rate of 35%, 25% and 45%; the adjusted N is P, K and N are 35 percent, P, 25 percent, K and 45 percent, N, P, N, K and N are 35 percent, N is 35 percent, P is 35 percent, N is 25 percent, K is 35 percent, K is 45 percent, N is 1, P is 35 percent, N is 25 percent, K is 35 percent, K is 45 percent, N is 35 percent, N is 45 percent;

the results of the nutrient ratio of N/N to P/N to K/N of the fertilizer basis N, P and the K nutrient supply amount adjusted according to the season utilization rate in the whole growth period of the first-season rice, the middle-season rice and the early/late rice are summarized in tables 1-8;

tables 1 to 8

(7.2) adjustment according to fertilization measures

The adjustment according to the fertilization measure means that in the key period of the growth of rice crops, the fertilizer is applied in several times by adopting a proper fertilizer foundation N, P and K nutrient distribution proportion; the key growth period of the rice is divided into a transplanting period, a tillering period, a young ear differentiation period and a flowering period;

the fertilizers obtained by adjusting the fertilizers according to the fertilization measures on the basis of the step (7.1) are collectively called special fertilizers for one-season rice, middle rice and early/late rice;

the special fertilizers for the first-season rice, the middle-season rice and the early/late rice respectively comprise special fertilizers for basal application, tillering fertilizers, young ear fertilizer and flowering fertilizers, and are respectively applied before transplanting, in a tillering stage, in a young ear differentiation stage and in a flowering stage;

the supply amounts of the special fertilizers for basal application, the tillering fertilizers, the young ear division fertilizers and the flowering fertilizers for the first-season rice, the middle-season rice and the early/late rice are distributed according to the total amount of basic N, P and K nutrients provided by the special fertilizers for the first-season rice, the middle-season rice and the early/late rice in the whole growth period of the corresponding varieties of rice. The allocation principle is as follows:

the special fertilizer N for the first-season rice and the middle-season rice is respectively provided by a special basal fertilizer, a special tillering fertilizer and a special spike fertilizer, and the distribution ratio is 4:3:3, wherein: the special fertilizer N for basal application of the first-season rice and the middle-season rice accounts for 40 percent of the total N, the tillering fertilizer N accounts for 30 percent of the total N, and the young ear separating fertilizer N accounts for 30 percent of the total N;

the special fertilizer N for the early/late rice is provided by a special base fertilizer and accounts for 100 percent of the total N;

the special fertilizer P for the first-season rice, the middle rice and the early/late rice is provided by special base fertilizer thereof and accounts for 100 percent of the total P;

the special fertilizer K for the first-season rice and the middle-season rice is respectively provided by a special base fertilizer and a special young ear fertilizer in a proportion of 1:1, wherein: the special fertilizer K for basal application of the first-season rice and the middle-season rice accounts for 50% of the total K, and the young ear separation fertilizer K accounts for 50% of the total K;

the special fertilizer K for the early/late rice is provided by the special fertilizer for the base fertilizer, and accounts for 100 percent of the total K;

the results of the nutrient ratios of the special fertilizer base N, P for the first-season rice, the middle-season rice, the early/late rice and the K nutrient supply amount distributed and adjusted according to the fertilization measures to the special fertilizer base for basal application, the tillering fertilizer and the young ear fertilizer are summarized in tables 1-9, tables 1-10 and tables 1-11. Wherein:

tables 1-9 show the results of the N: P: K and N/N: P/N: K/N nutrient ratios of the special fertilizer bases N, P for one-season rice, medium-season rice and early/late rice after the nutrients are distributed and adjusted according to the fertilizing measures.

Tables 1 to 9

Tables 1-10 show the results of the nutrient ratio of N: P: K and N/N: P/N: K/N after the tillering fertilizer basis N, P and K nutrients of one-season rice, middle rice and early/late rice are distributed and adjusted according to the fertilizing measures.

Tables 1 to 10

Tables 1-11 show the results of the nutrient ratio of N: P: K and N/N: P/N: K/N after the young ear differentiation fertilizer basis N, P and K nutrients of the first-season rice, the middle-season rice and the early/late rice are distributed and adjusted according to the fertilization measures.

Tables 1 to 11

(8) According to the (7.2) table 1-9, table 1-10 and table 1-11 of the step (7), respectively preparing and producing special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or compound fertilizer for the first-season rice, the middle rice and the early/late rice according to the nutrient proportion of N/N: P/N: K/N of the special fertilizer for the first-season rice, the middle rice and the early/late rice obtained by distribution and adjustment according to a fertilization measure;

the special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or compound fertilizer for the first-season rice, the middle-season rice and the early/late rice are special base-applied fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and young ear tillering fertilizer for the first-season rice, the middle-season rice and the early/late rice;

further, the specific preparation steps of the step (8) are as follows:

(8.1) according to (7.2) tables 1-9, tables 1-10 and tables 1-11, the special fertilizer N: P for the first-season rice, the middle-season rice and the early/late rice is converted into the special fertilizer N: P according to the nutrient ratio N/N: P/N: K/N after the fertilizer application measures are adjusted ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ Proportioning nutrients O;

the first season rice,Special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or compound fertilizer for middle-season rice and early/rice, wherein the conversion of the bulk blending fertilizer to the N: P is ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ The results of the O nutrient ratios are summarized in tables 1-12, tables 1-13 and tables 1-14.

Tables 1 to 12

Tables 1 to 13

Tables 1 to 14

(8.2) applying fertilizers, tillering fertilizers and young ear distribution fertilizers N: P according to (8.1) tables 1-12, tables 1-13 and tables 1-14 of the first season rice, middle rice, early rice/rice basal ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ The proportion of the O nutrient is determined according to the GB15063-2001 compound fertilizer (compound fertilizer) standard, and the total nutrient content (%) and the corresponding N-P of the special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or compound fertilizer for one-season rice, middle rice and early/late rice are respectively determined ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ And (4) after the grade of O, fertilizer preparation is carried out.

The invention also provides an application method of the special fertilizer obtained by fertilizer preparation in the technical scheme, which is a recommended application method based on available yield, yield response and agricultural efficiency, and specifically comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: determining soil foundation N, P and K nutrient supply grade according to the annual average yield of rice crops in a rice planting area;

the soil basic nutrient supply grades are divided according to the grades of low-fertility soil, medium-fertility soil and high-fertility soil; wherein, the low fertility soil is a field of which the average yield of the crops in the past 5 years is less than 25% of the national field, the high fertility soil is a field of which the average yield of the crops in the past 5 years is more than 75% of the national field, and the medium fertility soil is a field of which the average yield of the crops in the past 5 years is between 25% and 75%;

the soil basis N, P and K nutrient supply grades and corresponding evaluation methods of the planting areas of the single cropping rice, the middle cropping rice, the early cropping rice and the late cropping rice are summarized in a table 2-1.

TABLE 2-1

Step two: determining the corresponding special fertilizer N: P for the rice according to the soil foundation N, P and the K nutrient supply grade of the corresponding planting area of the rice crop and the rice variety of the corresponding planting area ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ O nutrient proportion and fertilization mode;

wherein, the special fertilizer for rice is N: P ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ The proportion of the O nutrient is that the special fertilizer N: P for the rice in the tables 1-12, 1-13 and 1-14 accords with (8.1) the fertilizer preparation method for the regionalized rice based on the QUEFTS model ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ The fertilizer is prepared according to the proportion requirement of the O nutrient and the fertilizer is prepared according to the (8.2) of the regional rice special fertilizer preparation method based on the QUEFTS model;

the fertilizer application mode special for the first-season rice, the middle-season rice and the early/late rice is divided according to the key growth period of rice, and specifically comprises the following steps:

the special fertilizer for the first-season rice and the middle-season rice consists of a special basal fertilizer, a tillering fertilizer and a young ear differentiation fertilizer which are respectively applied before transplanting and permanent planting, at a tillering stage and in a young ear differentiation;

the fertilizer special for the early/late rice consists of a base fertilizer and is applied before transplantation and permanent planting;

step three: determining the obtainable yield (Ya) according to the average annual yield level of the rice crops corresponding to the growth environment risk level of the rice planting area;

the growth environment risk grade is divided into a high risk growth environment and a low risk growth environment;

the growth environment risk grade is divided according to soil conditions, the soil conditions are evaluated according to the existence of barrier factors of the soil of the test field, and the barrier factors refer to any one of saline soil, peat soil and acid sulfate soil;

the high-risk growth environment is that barrier factors exist in the test field soil, and the low-risk growth environment is that barrier factors do not exist in the test field soil;

said obtainable yield (Ya) is assessed according to the growth environment risk rating of the rice crop;

the yield of the high-risk growing environment is equal to the average local rice yield of 5-10 years; the low risk growth environment can obtain the yield equal to the local previous rice average yield of 5-10 years plus 0.5t/hm ² 。

The local average yield of rice of 5 to 10 years is preferably the local average yield of rice of 5 years.

The results of the obtainable yields (Ya) of the rice plants evaluated according to the growth environment risk levels are summarized in tables 2-2.

Tables 2 to 2

Step four: determining a nitrogen-applying Yield Response (YRN) of the corresponding rice crop according to the obtainable yield (Ya) obtained in the step three and the rice crop variety of the corresponding planting area;

the rice crop nitrogen application yield response YRN is calculated from equation 1:

YRN(t/hm ² ) The compound represented by formula (Ya) x k 1,

wherein Ya is the available yield, and k is the nitrogen yield reaction coefficient;

the nitrogen application yield reaction coefficient (k) of the rice crop in the corresponding planting area is calculated according to the rice crop variety in the corresponding planting area and the nitrogen Relative Yield (RYN) of the rice crop corresponding to the soil basic nutrient supply grade in the corresponding planting area by a formula 2:

k is 1-RYN formula 2;

wherein RYN is the nitrogen relative yield, i.e. the ratio of the seed yield of crops without nitrogen treatment to the obtainable yield; the relative nitrogen yield (RYN) of one season rice, middle rice, early/late rice is given in the aforementioned "localized rice fertilizer formulation method based on QUEFTS model" (4) tables 1-4;

the calculation results of the nitrogen application yield reaction coefficients (k) of the first-season rice, the middle rice and the early/late rice corresponding to the soil basic nutrient supply grades of the corresponding planting areas are summarized in tables 2-3.

Tables 2 to 3

Step five: determining the nitrogen Agronomic Efficiency (AEN) of the corresponding rice crop according to the nitrogen application Yield Reaction (YRN) of the rice crop in the corresponding planting area obtained in the step four;

a significant quadratic curve relationship exists between the yield response and the agronomic efficiency; FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the yield response of nitrogen application in one season and the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen; FIG. 5 shows the relationship between nitrogen application yield response and nitrogen agronomic efficiency for middle and early/late rice; fitting a binomial relation curve between the nitrogen agronomic efficiency and the nitrogen applying yield reaction of the rice crops to obtain a one-dimensional quadratic equation relation between the nitrogen agronomic efficiency and the nitrogen applying yield reaction of the rice crops, namely calculating the nitrogen Agronomic Efficiency (AEN) of the rice crops by a formula 3:

AEN(kg/kg)＝a×(YRN) ² + b × (YRN) + c formula 3,

wherein a is a quadratic term coefficient, b is a primary term coefficient, and c is a constant term;

the numerical values of the coefficients a, b and c of the binomial formula in the binomial formula between the nitrogen agronomic efficiency and the nitrogen application yield reaction of the rice crop are obtained by fitting binomial curves of the previous test data of the rice in one season, the rice in middle season and the rice in early and late seasons;

the coefficients (a, b, c) of the first season rice binomial: a-0.5002, b-7.5038, c-0.5747;

the binomial coefficients (a, b and c) of the middle rice and the early/late rice are as follows: a-0.5003, b-8.0034, and c-0.6522.

The numerical values of binomial coefficients (a, b and c) in the binomial formula of nitrogen Agronomic Efficiency (AEN) of the first-season rice, the middle rice and the early/late rice are summarized in 2-4;

tables 2 to 4

Step six: determining the total nitrogen application amount N of the rice crops in the corresponding planting areas in the whole growth period according to the nitrogen application Yield Reaction (YRN) of the rice crops in the corresponding planting areas in the step four and the nitrogen Agronomic Efficiency (AEN) of the rice crops in the corresponding planting areas in the step five _{General assembly} ；

The total nitrogen application amount of the rice crops in the corresponding planting areas of the rice crops is calculated by a formula 4:

N _{general assembly} (kg/hm ² )＝YRN(t/hm ² ) X 1000/AEN (kg/kg) formula 4,

wherein N is _{General assembly} YRN is nitrogen application yield reaction and AEN is nitrogen agronomic efficiency;

step seven: according to the 'special fertilizer preparation method for regionalized rice based on QUEFTS model' (7.2) and the total nitrogen application amount N in the whole growth period of the rice crops in the corresponding planting regions obtained in the sixth step _{General (1)} Determining the total nitrogen N provided by the special fertilizer for the rice crops in the two corresponding planting areas in the step _{General (1)} Percent m (%);

the total nitrogen application amount in the whole growth period of the rice crop is equal to the total nitrogen application amount of a special fertilizer N for rice basal application, a rice tillering fertilizer N and a rice young spike fertilizer N;

the total nitrogen application amount in the whole growth period of the rice in one season and the middle-season rice is provided by a base application special fertilizer N, a tillering fertilizer N and a young ear fertilizer N, and the distribution ratio of the base application special fertilizer N, the tillering fertilizer N and the young ear fertilizer N is 4:3:3, wherein: the special fertilizer N for basal application of the first-season rice and the middle rice accounts for 40 percent of the total N, the tillering fertilizer N for the first-season rice and the middle rice accounts for 30 percent of the total N, and the young ear splitting fertilizer N for the first-season rice and the middle rice accounts for 30 percent of the total N;

the total nitrogen application amount in the whole growth period of the early/late rice is provided by special base fertilizer, and the percentage m (%) of the special base fertilizer N for the early/late rice accounts for 100%;

step eight: according to the 'regional rice special fertilizer preparation method based on QUEFTS model' (8.2), the special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or compound fertilizer N-P for one-season rice, middle-season rice and early/late rice ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ The concentration w (%) of N nutrient in O grade and the total nitrogen (N) applying amount N in the whole growth period of the rice plant in the planting area corresponding to the six steps _{General (1)} (kg/hm ² ) And seventhly, determining the percentage m (%) of the special fertilizer N for the rice crops in the corresponding planting area in the total nitrogen application amount, and determining the recommended application amount of the special fertilizer for the rice in the corresponding planting area;

the recommended application amount of the special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or the compound fertilizer for rice is calculated by a formula 5:

recommended application amount (kg/hm) of special fertilizer for rice ² )＝N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² ) Xm (%)/w (%) formula 5;

wherein m (%) is the percentage of the special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or the compound fertilizer N of the first-season rice, the middle-season rice, the early/late rice and/or the compound fertilizer N in the total nitrogen application amount, and w (%) is the special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or the compound fertilizer N-P ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ N nutrient concentration (%) in O grade;

furthermore, the recommended application amount of the special fertilizer for basal application of the rice and the medium rice in one season is N _{General (1)} (kg/hm ² ) X 40%/w (%), recommended application amount of the one-season rice and middle rice tillering fertilizer is N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² ) X 30%/w (%), recommended application amount of fertilizer for young ears of rice in one season and middle rice (N) _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² )×30％/w(％)；

Furthermore, the recommended application amount of the special fertilizer for basal application of the early/late rice is N _{General (1)} (kg/hm ² )×100％/w(％)。

Through above-mentioned technical scheme, compare with prior art, have following advantage and beneficial effect:

1) the QUEFTS model is applicable to different rice varieties. The yield and nutrient absorption of current high-yield rice varieties are greatly different, the QUEFTS model can be used for testing the yield and nutrient internal efficiency of different varieties under the same processing condition, the lower yield and nutrient internal efficiency of some varieties means that more fertilizer input is needed to achieve the target yield, and the analysis is not only beneficial to screening high-yield and high-efficiency varieties, but also provides application basis for balanced fertilization of rice and specialization of fertilizer production.

2) The QUEFTS model simulates an optimal nutrient absorption curve, and can provide suggestions for decision makers through verification of the QUEFTS model, customize regional special fertilizer basic nutrient proportion, and improve nutrient management measures such as fertilizing amount, fertilizing time, fertilizing proportion and the like so as to achieve the purposes of high yield and high efficiency.

3) The method for estimating the nutrient absorption of rice by using the QUEFTS model has the advantages that the optimal nutrient absorption is estimated by using a large amount of field test data, and the estimation result cannot be deviated by individual or few test points, so that the method has universal significance. Most importantly, the model considers the interaction between N, P and K macronutrient elements.

4) A special fertilizer for regionalized rice based on a QUEFTS model and an application method thereof give consideration to other source nutrients besides soil per se, such as a crop rotation system, straw returning, nutrient residual effect of crops in the previous season, organic fertilizer application, atmospheric sedimentation, irrigation water and the like. For the rice fertilizer, the nutrient amount required by the crop yield reaction and the nutrient amount required by the supplement of the overground part moving amount of the crops are calculated. And (4) recommending rice fertilization, obtaining the fertilizer according to the correlation between the agronomic efficiency and the yield response of the crops, and properly adjusting the fertilizer according to the specific information of the land and the classification of the basic nutrient supply capacity of the soil.

5) The 'regionalized rice special fertilizer preparation and application method based on the QUEFTS model' conforms to the 4R principle, namely, a proper fertilizer type is selected, and a proper amount is used to be applied to a proper position at a proper time so as to meet the nutrient requirement of crops and achieve supply and demand synchronization.

6) A regional fertilizer preparation and application method special for rice based on a QUEFTS model is a slightly simplified fertilizer preparation and recommended application method which is established by establishing a database containing crop yield response, agronomic efficiency and nutrient absorption and utilization information on the basis of summarizing fertilizer field experiments which are carried out nationwide in the last ten years, and according to the internal relation of soil basic nutrient supply, the crop yield response and the agronomic efficiency and the optimal nutrient absorption and utilization characteristic parameters of crops with general guiding significance.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a graph of the optimum nutrient demand for the overground parts of rice in the next season, middle rice, early rice and late rice with different yield potentials fitted by a QUEFTS model. Wherein d-f is one-season rice, and g-i is early/middle/late rice; YA, YD and YU are respectively the maximum accumulation boundary, the maximum dilution boundary and the optimal nutrient absorption curve of the overground part;

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the frequency distribution of N, P and K relative yields for single cropping rice, medium cropping rice, early cropping rice and late cropping rice;

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the yield of a single cropping rice, a middle cropping rice, an early cropping rice and a late cropping rice after the treatment and the obtainable yield;

FIG. 4 is a graph showing a relationship between a reaction of nitrogen application yield and a nitrogen agronomic efficiency of one season rice;

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the nitrogen yield response and the nitrogen agronomic efficiency of middle rice, early rice and late rice.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or compound fertilizer for early rice/late rice and application method thereof

This example was carried out in the high-security crossing rural area of Gao city in Jiangxi province in 2013 + 2015, and the planting system was double cropping rice.

The soil type of the test site is clay, the organic matter content is low, the average yield in the last 5 years is lower than the yield of 25% of rice planting areas in China, and therefore the soil fertility grade is low fertility soil.

The test sites were low fertility soils, as shown in tables 1-10: the fertilizer special for early rice is N: P ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ Preparing fertilizer with O1.00: 0.30: 0.44; p is the ratio of N to P ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ And (4) preparing the fertilizer when O is 1.00:0.23: 0.44.

The yield condition and natural climate condition of the test site in the past year: the average yield level of early rice is 7t/hm ² The average yield level of the late rice is 8t/hm ² . The farmland soil barrier-free factor is a low-risk growth environment, and the available yield (Ya) of early/late rice is increased by 0.5t/hm on the basis of the average yield level of the last 5 years ² . The yield Ya (t/hm) of the late rice can be obtained ² )＝8t/hm ² +0.5t/hm ² ＝8.5t/hm ² (ii) a The yield Ya (t/hm) of early rice can be obtained ² )＝ 7t/hm ² +0.5t/hm ² ＝7.5t/hm ² 。

Test site early/late rice crop nitrogen application Yield Response (YRN) is given by the formula: YRN (t/hm) ² )＝Ya(t/hm ² ) X k, where the nitrogen yield response coefficient (k) is calculated from the formula: k is calculated from 1 to RYN; the nitrogen relative yield RYN of early/late rice crops corresponding to the basal nutrient supply grade of low-fertility soil is given in table 2-3, wherein the nitrogen application yield reaction coefficient k of early rice is 1-RYN-1-0.62-0.38, and the nitrogen application yield reaction coefficient k of late rice is 1-RYN-1-0.68-0.32; yield reaction YRN ═ Ya (t/hm) of early rice crop nitrogen application ² )×k＝7.5t/hm ² ×0.38 ＝2.85t/hm ² The yield of nitrogen applied to late rice is YRN ═ Ya (t/hm) ² )×k＝7.5t/hm ² ×0.32＝2.72t/hm ² 。

The Agronomic Efficiency of Nitrogen (AEN) for early/late rice crops at the test site is given by the formula AEN (kg/kg) ═ a × (YRN) ² + b × (YRN) + c. Where a is a quadratic coefficient, b is a first order coefficient, and c is a constant term, as given in tables 2-4, where the early/late rice binomial coefficients (a, b, c) are all: a-0.5003, b-8.0034, and c-0.6522. Namely:

early season rice AEN (kg/kg) ═ a × (YRN) ² +b×(YRN)+c＝－0.5003×2.78 ² +8.0034×2.78+ 0.6522＝19.04(kg/kg)；

Late rice AEN (kg/kg) ═ a × (YRN) ² +b×(YRN)+c＝－0.5003×3.15 ² +8.0034×3.15+ 0.6522＝20.90(kg/kg)。

1. Special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or compound fertilizer preparation method for early/late rice

The total nutrient content (%) of the special fertilizer for the early/late rice is prepared and produced according to 45%.

According to the N-P in the GB15063-2001 compound fertilizer (compound fertilizer) standard ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ The requirement of O grade is based on the special fertilizer N: P for early rice ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ O1.00: 0.30:0.44 and special fertilizer N: P for late rice ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ O1.00: 0.23:0.44 according to the formula N-P ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O (total nitrogen-effective phosphorus pentoxide-potassium oxide) sequence, the formula (grade) of the special fertilizer for early rice is N-P ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ 25.8-7.7-11.5 percent of O, and the formula of the special fertilizer for late rice is N-P ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O ═ 26.9-6.2-11.9. Special for each ton of early/late riceThe fertilizer raw materials and the amounts used are summarized in table 1.

TABLE 1

Raw materials	Special fertilizer for early rice	Special fertilizer for late rice
			Urea (containing N46%)	520.80kg	552.00kg
Monoammonium phosphate (containing P) ₂ O ₅ 45％，N11％)	170.92kg	136.88kg
			Potassium chloride (containing K) ₂ O60％)	191.19kg	199.04kg
Filler material	117.09kg	112.07kg
			Total up to	1000.00kg	1000.00kg

1.1 production of bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or special compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer (calculated on per ton of dry basis fertilizer) for early season rice

(1) Special-purpose mixed fertilizer for early rice (BB fertilizer)

520.80kg of granular urea, 170.92kg of monoammonium phosphate, 191.19kg of potassium chloride and 117.09kg of filler are weighed, fully and uniformly mixed in an asymmetric double-helix mixer, and are conveyed into a metering package by a belt conveyor to obtain the special fertilizer mixture (BB fertilizer) for early rice.

(2) Special compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for early rice

520.80kg of urea, 170.92kg of monoammonium phosphate, 191.19kg of potassium chloride and 117.09kg of filler are weighed, fully and uniformly mixed in an asymmetric double-helix mixer, sent into a granulator (both a disc granulator and a drum granulator) by a belt conveyor for granulation, dried, cooled, screened, measured and packaged to obtain the special compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for early season rice.

1.2 production of bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or special compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer (calculated on per ton of dry basis fertilizer) for late rice

(1) Special bulk blending fertilizer for late rice (BB fertilizer)

552.00kg of granular urea, 136.88kg of monoammonium phosphate, 199.04kg of potassium chloride and 112.07kg of filler are weighed, fully and uniformly mixed in an asymmetric double-helix mixer, and are conveyed into a metering package by a belt conveyor to obtain the special late rice mixed fertilizer (BB fertilizer).

(2) Special compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for late rice

552.00kg of urea, 136.88kg of monoammonium phosphate, 199.04kg of potassium chloride and 112.07kg of filler are weighed and fully and uniformly mixed in an asymmetric double-helix mixer, the mixture is sent into a granulator (a disc granulator or a drum granulator can be used) by a belt conveyor for granulation, and the mixture is dried, cooled, screened, metered and packaged to obtain the special compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for late rice.

2. Recommended application amount of special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or compound fertilizer for early/late rice

The application amount of the special fertilizer for the early/late rice is converted by taking the total nitrogen application amount of the early/late rice in the whole growth period as a standard, and the method comprises the following specific steps:

2.1 Total Nitrogen application during the Whole growth stage of early/late Rice crops

The total nitrogen application amount of the whole growth period of the early/late rice is determined according to the nitrogen application Yield Response (YRN) of the early/late rice crops in the corresponding planting areas and the nitrogen Agronomic Efficiency (AEN) of the early/late rice crops in the corresponding planting areas. From the formula N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² )＝YRN(t/hm ² ) X 1000/AEN (kg/kg). Wherein: early rice nitrogen application yield reaction YRN ═ 2.85t/hm ² Early rice nitrogen agronomic efficiency AEN ═ 19.04 (kg/kg); nitrogen application yield reaction of late rice of YRN-2.72 t/hm ² The nitrogen agronomic efficiency AEN of late rice is 20.90 (kg/kg). Namely:

early rice N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² )＝2.85(t/hm ² )×1000/19.04(kg/kg)＝149.68kg/hm ²

Late rice N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² )＝2.72(t/hm ² )×1000/20.90(kg/kg)＝130.14kg/hm ²

2.2 recommended application rates of the bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or the compound fertilizer special for the early/late rice

The total nitrogen application amount in the whole growth period of the early/late rice is provided by base application special fertilizer N, and in the embodiment, the special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or compound fertilizer for the early/late rice are used as base fertilizers and are applied before transplanting and field planting; the percentage m (%) of the special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) for early/late rice and/or the compound fertilizer N in the total amount of the applied N is 100%; the grade (formula) of the mixed fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or compound fertilizer special for early rice is N-P ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ 25.8-7.7-11.5% of O, 25.8% of w (%); the special fertilizer for late rice has a grade (a matching formula) of N-P ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O ═ 26.9-6.2-11.9, and w (%) > 25.8%. Namely:

special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or compound fertilizer for early rice and/or recommended application amount (kg/hm) of compound fertilizer ² )＝N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² )×m(％)/w(％)＝149.68kg/hm ² ×100％/25.8％＝580.16kg/hm ²

Special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) for late rice and/or compound fertilizer and/or recommended application rate (kg/hm) of compound fertilizer ² )＝N _{General (1)} (kg/hm ² )×m(％)/w(％)＝130.14kg/hm ² ×100％/25.8％＝504.42kg/hm ² 。

3. Technical effects of the embodiments

In this example, two control treatments were set for field trials to compare with the method of the present invention, specifically as follows: CK (no nitrogen fertilizer treatment) and FP (high nitrogen fertilizer treatment). Wherein the dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer for the FP treatment of the early rice is 156kg/hm ² The dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer for treating the late rice FP is 195kg/hm ² (ii) a Phosphorus (P) ₂ O ₅ ) Potassium (K) ₂ The application amount of the O) fertilizer is the same as that of the special fertilizer for early rice/late rice.

The results of annual total yield and nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of early/late rice treated by each treatment are summarized in Table 2.

TABLE 2

As can be seen from Table 2, the total yield of early/late rice using the fertilizer special for early/late rice of the present invention was increased by 39.25% as compared with the treatment without applying nitrogen fertilizer. Compared with high nitrogen fertilizer treatment (FP), under the condition of reducing the nitrogen fertilizer dosage by 20.28 percent, the total yield of early/late rice and the high nitrogen fertilizer treatment yield can be basically equal by applying the method, and no obvious difference exists.

Compared with the high nitrogen fertilizer treatment, the special fertilizer for the early/late rice has the advantages that the difference of the total nitrogen accumulation amount of the overground part of the rice is not obvious, but the agronomic utilization rate and the apparent utilization rate of the rice nitrogen fertilizer are obviously higher than those of the high nitrogen fertilizer treatment by applying the special fertilizer for the early/late rice. Compared with high nitrogen fertilizer treatment, the application of the special fertilizer for early/late rice of the invention can respectively improve the agronomic utilization rate and the apparent utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer for rice by 4.02kg/kg and 6.88 percent.

The results show that the special fertilizer for early/late rice can keep high yield of rice and obviously improve the agronomic utilization rate and the apparent utilization rate of the rice nitrogen fertilizer under the precondition of obviously reducing the using amount of nitrogen.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A special fertilizer preparation method for regionalized rice based on a QUEFTS model is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) using a QUEFTS model to simulate N, P and K optimal nutrient demand curves of the overground parts of the one-season rice, the middle rice and the early/late rice with different potential yields and target yields, and obtaining internal nutrient efficiency IE and ton-grain nutrient absorption RIE parameters of the one-season rice, the middle rice and the early/late rice through the overground part N, P, K nutrient absorption and grain yields corresponding to the straight line part of the overground part optimal nutrient absorption curve;

(2) setting the obtainable yield Ya of the rice in one season, the middle rice and the early/late rice according to the maximum target yield value corresponding to the straight line part of the curve of the optimal nutrient demand of the overground part under the potential yield in the step (1);

(3) obtaining the underground upper nutrient absorption amount of the first-season rice, the middle rice and the early/late rice according to the yield Ya obtained in the step (2) and the ton grain nutrient absorption RIE parameters corresponding to the linear part in the step (1),

namely: nutrient absorption capacity (kg/hm) of overground part ² )＝Ya(t/hm ² )×RIE(kg/1t)；

(4) Determining grades of soil basic nutrients N, P and K supply capacities according to RYN, RYP and RYK corresponding to 25th, median and 75th relative yields of rice, medium rice, early/late rice N, P and K nutrients, dividing the grades according to low, medium and high grades, and combining step (1) of absorbing RIE (reactive ion etching) of the grain nutrients per ton and step (2) of obtaining yield Ya to obtain INS, IPS and IKS corresponding to grades of soil basic nutrients N, P and K supply, namely: IS ═ Ya × RY × RIE;

(5) determining N, P and K nutrient supply amounts which should be provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the first-season rice, the middle-season rice and the early/late rice by adopting a nutrient balance method according to the data obtained in the step (3) and the step (4), wherein the N, P and K nutrient supply amounts which should be provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the first-season rice, the middle-season rice and the early/late rice are equal to the total amount of the overground part N, P and the K nutrient absorption of the corresponding rice minus the basic nutrient N, P and the K supply amount of the soil,

namely: supply of N to N _{Overground part} INS for supplying P to P _{Above ground} IPS, fertilizer K for K ═ K _{Above ground} ─IKS；

(7) according to the nutrient proportion of N: P: K and N/N: P/N: K/N provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the first-season rice, the middle-season rice and the early/late rice obtained in the step (6), the nutrient proportion of N: P: K and N/N: P/N: K/N provided by the fertilizer required in each stage in the whole growth period of the first-season rice, the middle-season rice and the early/late rice is adjusted according to the current-season utilization rate of the fertilizer and a fertilizing measure, and the specific adjustment steps are as follows:

(7.1) adjustment according to the season utilization

Fertilizer basis N, P and K nutrient supply are respectively based on the utilization rate in the season: n30% -35%, P10% -25%, K30% -45% are adjusted;

(7.2) adjustment according to fertilization measures

The rice growth full growth period is divided into a transplanting period, a tillering period, a young ear differentiation period and a flowering period, and the special fertilizers for the first-season rice, the middle-season rice and the early/late rice respectively comprise special fertilizers for basal application, tillering fertilizers, young ear fertilizer and flowering fertilizers;

the distribution principle of the total amount of basic N, P and K nutrients provided by the corresponding special fertilizer in the whole growth period of rice is as follows:

the special fertilizer N for the first-season rice and the middle-season rice is respectively provided by a special basal fertilizer, a special tillering fertilizer and a special young ear fertilizer, and the proportion of the fertilizer N is 4:3:3, wherein: the special fertilizer N for basal application of the first-season rice and the middle-season rice accounts for 40 percent of the total N, the tillering fertilizer N accounts for 30 percent of the total N, and the young ear fertilizer N accounts for 30 percent of the total N;

the special fertilizer P for the first-season rice and the middle-season rice is provided by the special fertilizer for the base fertilizer, and accounts for 100 percent of the total P;

the special fertilizer N, the special fertilizer P and the special fertilizer K for the early/late rice are all provided by special base fertilizer thereof, and respectively account for 100% of the total N, the total P and the total K;

(8) according to the nutrient proportion of N/N: P/N: K/N provided by the fertilizer required by each stage in the whole growth period of the first-season rice, the middle rice and the early/late rice obtained in the step (7), special blended fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for the first-season rice, the middle rice and the early/late rice are prepared and produced respectively, and the specific steps are as follows:

(8.1) converting the nutrient ratio of N to P to K to N of the special fertilizer for the rice in one season, the middle rice and the early/late rice according to the N/N to P/N to K/N adjusted by the fertilizing measure obtained in the step (7) ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ Proportioning nutrients O;

(8.2) according to the special fertilizer N: P for the one-season rice, the middle rice and the early/late rice in (8.1) ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ The proportion of the O nutrient is determined according to the GB15063-2001 standard, the total nutrient content (%) and the corresponding N-P of the special blended fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for the first-season rice, the middle-season rice and the early/late rice are respectively determined ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ And (4) after the grade of O, fertilizer preparation is carried out.

2. The method for fertilizing a special localized paddy rice based on the QUEFTS model as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (7.1), the fertilizer basis N, P and the nutrient supply of K are adjusted according to the season utilization rate of 35%, 25% and 45%, respectively, i.e. the adjusted N: P: K: N/35%: P/25%: K/45%, N/N: P/N: K/N: 35% N/35% N: 35% P/25% N: 35% K/45% N: 1: 35% P/25% N: 35% K/45% N.

3. A method of application of localized rice specific fertilizer based on the QUEFTS model according to any of claims 1-2, characterized by a recommended application method based on the obtainable yield, yield response and agronomic efficiency, comprising in particular the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: determining low, medium and high grades of soil foundation N, P and K nutrient supply of a planting area according to average yield of rice crops in the past year in the planting area, namely low-fertility soil, medium-fertility soil and high-fertility soil, wherein the low-fertility soil is a field block of which the average yield of the crops in the past 5 years of the field block is less than 25% of the national average yield, the high-fertility soil is a field block of which the average yield of the crops in the past 5 years of the field block is greater than 75% of the national average yield, and the medium-fertility soil is a field block of which the average yield of the crops in the past 5 years of the field block is between 25% and 75%;

step two: determining the corresponding special fertilizer N: P for the rice according to the soil foundation N, P and the K nutrient supply grade obtained in the step one and the rice variety of the corresponding planting area ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ O nutrient proportion and fertilization mode;

step three: determining the obtainable yield Ya according to the average yield level of the rice crops in the past year corresponding to the growth environment risk level of the rice planting area, and adopting the following estimation method:

dividing the growth environment of the planting area into a high-risk growth environment and a low-risk growth environment according to the soil condition of the planting area;

the yield Ya which can be obtained in the high-risk growth environment is the local average yield of the rice in the past 5-10 years;

the yield Ya which can be obtained in the low-risk growth environment is the average yield of the rice which is 5-10 years before the local place plus 0.5t/hm ² ；

The soil condition is evaluated according to the existence of barrier factors in the soil of the planting area, and the barrier factors refer to the soil which is any one of saline soil, peat soil and acid sulfate soil; the high-risk growth environment is that barrier factors exist in the test field soil; the low-risk growth environment is that the soil of the test field has no barrier factors;

step four: determining a corresponding rice crop nitrogen application yield reaction YRN according to the obtainable yield Ya obtained in the step three and the rice crop varieties in the corresponding planting areas, wherein the rice crop nitrogen application yield reaction YRN is calculated according to a formula 1:

YRN(t/hm ² ) The compound represented by formula (Ya) x k 1,

wherein k is the nitrogen yield reaction coefficient, calculated by formula 2:

k is 1-RYN formula 2;

step five: and D, determining the nitrogen agronomic efficiency AEN of the corresponding rice crops according to the nitrogen applying yield reaction YRN of the rice crops in the corresponding planting areas obtained in the step four, namely:

AEN(kg/kg)＝a×(YRN) ² + b × (YRN) + c formula 3,

step six: determining the total nitrogen application amount N of the corresponding rice crops in the planting area in the whole growth period according to the nitrogen application yield reaction YRN obtained in the fourth step and the nitrogen agronomic efficiency AEN obtained in the fifth step _{General assembly} Calculated from equation 4:

N _{general assembly} (kg/hm ² )＝YRN(t/hm ² ) X 1000/AEN (kg/kg) formula 4;

step seven: according to the total nitrogen application amount N obtained in the sixth step _{General assembly} And the step (7.2) of the step 1 determines that the special fertilizer supply N of the rice crops in the corresponding planting areas accounts for the total nitrogen application quantity N _{General assembly} In% by weight, wherein:

the percentage m (%) of the special fertilizer N for basal application of the first-season rice and the middle-season rice to the total amount of the N applied is 40%, the percentage m (%) of the tillering fertilizer N for the first-season rice and the middle-season rice to the total amount of the N applied is 30%, and the percentage m (%) of the young ear splitting fertilizer N for the first-season rice and the middle-season rice to the total amount of the N applied is 30%;

the percentage m (%) of the early/late rice base application special fertilizer N in the total amount of N applied is 100%;

step eight: the special bulk fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer N-P for one-season rice, medium rice, early/late rice according to the step (8.2) in claim 1 ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ The concentration w (%) of the N nutrient in the O grade and the total nitrogen application amount N in the whole growth period of the rice crops in the corresponding planting areas in the step six _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² ) And step seven, providing N in the total nitrogen applying amount by the special fertilizer for the rice crops _{General assembly} The recommended application amount of the special rice fertilizer in the corresponding planting area is determined, and the recommended application amount is calculated by a formula 5:

recommended application amount (kg/hm) of special fertilizer for rice ² )＝N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² ) Xm (%)/w (%) formula 5,

wherein the recommended application amount of the special fertilizer for basal application of the rice and the medium rice in one season is N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² ) X 40%/w (%), recommended application amount of tillering fertilizer for one-season rice and medium rice, N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² ) X 30%/w (%) and the recommended application amount of the fertilizer for the young ears of the first-season rice and the middle-season rice is N _{General (1)} (kg/hm ² ) X 30%/w (%) and the recommended application amount of the special fertilizer for early/late rice basal application is N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² )×100％/w(％)。

4. The method for applying specialized rice fertilizer based on QUEFTS model as claimed in claim 3, wherein the numerical values of said binomial coefficients a, b, c in step five are obtained by fitting binomial curves to previous test data of season one rice, mid-season rice, early/late rice.