CN106385913A - Crop phosphorus fertilizer application method - Google Patents
Crop phosphorus fertilizer application method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106385913A CN106385913A CN201610041822.3A CN201610041822A CN106385913A CN 106385913 A CN106385913 A CN 106385913A CN 201610041822 A CN201610041822 A CN 201610041822A CN 106385913 A CN106385913 A CN 106385913A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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Abstract
The invention relates to a crop phosphorus fertilizer application method. The method comprises the step that a phosphorus fertilizer is applied in a field in a crop growth period. The method is characterized in that the phosphorus fertilizer application amount in unit area of field is as shown in the formula. In the formula, Corpout is the mass of phosphorus brought out of the field when the crops in the unit area of field are harvested. Envin is the mass of phosphorus entering the unit area of field from the environment. Ratout is phosphorus loss rate of the unit area of field. alpha is a phosphorus fertilizer application correction coefficient, wherein alpha=basic standard temperature/average temperature in field crop growth period. With the method, a field crop phosphorus fertilizer appropriate dose can be quantitatively determined simply, rapidly and accurately. A recommended cost can be saved; field system soil phosphorus element long-term balance can be ensured; soil continuous phosphorus supply capacity can be maintained; and crop high and stable yield can be ensured.
Description
Technical field
A kind of the present invention relates to agriculture field, in particular it relates to application process of crop phosphate fertilizer.
Background technology
Phosphorus element is the component of the materials such as crop nucleic acid in vivo, phospholipid, plant element, can promote root growth point
The division of cell and propagation, also can improve crop quality.Apply chemical phosphatic ferfilizer and be to ensure that increases in grain production, height
Product, a kind of important agronomic measures of stable yields.But the unreasonable administration of phosphate fertilizer also easily causes manure resources wave
Take, the negative issue such as plant recovery of nutrient is low, environmental pollution, such as underground water pollution, the richness of rivers and lakes
Nutrient laden etc..China crop phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency is 7.3%-20.1% according to statistics, averagely only 11.6%.Right
Field-crop is carried out with suitable phosphate fertilizer and can promote China's manure resources efficient utilization, make stable crop yield
High yield, and promote grain security and agricultural sustainable development.
At present, mainly there are soil nutrient zone method, target in China to the computational methods of crop Phosphorus fertilizer usage
Units of production (soil nutrient compensation coefficient method and dissimilar subtraction method of soil fertility), Fertilizer effect function, nutrient are rich to be lacked
Index method etc. recommends the Reasonable application rate of P of crop.Soil nutrient zone method is only suitable for level of production difference
Area little, that basis is homogeneous, depends on greater experience, causes interregional, even by stages variability
Increase；Soil nutrient compensation coefficient method and dissimilar subtraction method of soil fertility are subject to coupling and field of each nutrient etc. many
Factor affects, and accuracy is impacted, and technical difficulty is big, and cycle length, many factors, process are complicated,
The shortcomings of acquisition difficulty is big.Fertilizer effect function is then subject to market fertilizer price, crop price and is selected
The directly affecting of marginal returns.
Therefore, it is necessary to invention is a kind of ensures soil phosphorus secular equilibrium, maintain crop stable high yield, protect
The method of the crop phosphate fertilizer of shield ecological environment.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of application process of crop phosphate fertilizer, the method strong operability, easily
Grasp, popularization and application are easy, be not required to carry out the laboratory chemical analysis of soil and plant phosphorus content in advance
Just can determine that the amount of application of field-crop phosphate fertilizer.
To achieve these goals, the present invention provides a kind of application process of crop phosphate fertilizer, and the method includes：
In a growth cycle of crop, farmland is carried out with the administration of phosphate fertilizer it is characterised in that described farmland
The Phosphorus fertilizer usage of unit areaWherein, CorpoutFor described farmland unit
The quality of the phosphorus in taken out of the farmland of crop harvesting of area, EnvinIt is to enter unit area farmland from environment
The quality of phosphorus, RatoutFor the loss rate of described unit area farmland phosphorus, α is phosphate fertilizer compensation coefficient,
Mean temperature in described α=basic standard temperature/field-crop growth cycle.
Preferably, described Corpout=Yieout+Strout, wherein, YieoutFor described farmland unit area
The quality of the phosphorus that crop harvesting economic flow rate is taken out of, StroutPhosphorous for described unit area farmland stalk
Quality, described economic flow rate refers to the yield of cutting in farmland, described cutting include seed, tuber and
At least one in gined cotton.
Preferably, described Corpout=Uptout-Retin, wherein, UptoutFor described unit area farmland
The quality of total phosphorus of Crop, RetinQuality for the phosphorus of the straw-returning in described unit area farmland.
Preferably, described Yieout=Yield × Nutyie, described Strout=Straw × Nutstr, wherein, Yield
For the economic flow rate of the crop in described unit area farmland, NutyieFormed often for described unit area farmland
The quality of the phosphorus in the described cutting of 1kg, Straw is the straw yield in described unit area farmland,
NutstrForm the quality of the phosphorus in the straw of every 1kg for described unit area farmland.
Preferably, described Uptout=Yield × Nutneed, described Retin=Straw × Ratstr×Nutstr, wherein,
Yield is the economic flow rate of the crop in described unit area farmland, NutneedFor described unit area farmland shape
Become the quality of the phosphorus of every 1kg crop economy yield needs, Straw is the straw in described unit area farmland
Yield, RatstrFor the straw-returning rate in described unit area farmland, NutstrFor described unit area farmland
Form the quality of the phosphorus in every 1kg straw.
Preferably, described EnvinFor 0-40kg/hm2.
Preferably, described RatoutFor 0-25%.
Preferably, described NutstrFor 0-250kg/hm2.
Preferably, described crop is at least in Semen Tritici aestivi, Semen Maydiss, Oryza sativa L., Rhizoma Solani tuber osi and Cotton Gossypii
Kind.
By technique scheme, the present invention on the premise of not carrying out laboratory chemical analysis, according to agriculture
Field temperature determining the suitable Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates of field-crop, can achieve simple, fast and accurately quantification phosphorus
The administration of fertile Optimum.The field-crop phosphorus application amount that the inventive method is recommended both can supplement crop life
Long-standing phosphorus absorbtivity it is also possible to during supplying plant growth soil phosphorus loss amount, thus keep soil
The phosphorus balance of earth, maintains soil persistently to supply the ability of phosphorus it is ensured that high crop yield, stable yields, saves simultaneously
Cost, workable, beneficial to popularization and application.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in subsequent specific embodiment part.
Brief description
Accompanying drawing is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and constitutes the part of description, with
Detailed description below is used for explaining the present invention together, but is not construed as limiting the invention.?
In accompanying drawing：
Fig. 1 is Phosphorus fertilizer usage and Huang-Huai-Hai plain winter wheat yields relation curve in the embodiment of the present invention 1
Figure.
Fig. 2 is Phosphorus fertilizer usage and loess plateau winter wheat yields graph of relation in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 3 is Phosphorus fertilizer usage and northeast Spring maize seeding Relationship with Yield curve chart in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 4 is that in the embodiment of the present invention 2, Phosphorus fertilizer usage is bent with Huang-Huai-Hai plain Summer Maize Relationship with Yield
Line chart.
Fig. 5 is Phosphorus fertilizer usage and Jiangnan Qiuling Plain double single cropping rice region late rices product in the embodiment of the present invention 3
Magnitude relation curve chart.
Fig. 6 is Phosphorus fertilizer usage and Jiangnan Qiuling Plain double single cropping rice region early rice product in the embodiment of the present invention 3
Magnitude relation curve chart.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.It should be appreciated that
Specific embodiment described herein is merely to illustrate and explains the present invention, is not limited to the present invention.
The present invention provides a kind of application process of crop phosphate fertilizer, and the method includes：A growth in crop
In cycle, the administration that farmland is carried out with phosphate fertilizer is it is characterised in that the phosphate fertilizer of described farmland unit area is applied
ConsumptionWherein, CorpoutCrop harvesting institute for described farmland unit area
Take the quality of the phosphorus in farmland, Env out ofinIt is the quality of the phosphorus from environment entrance unit area farmland, Ratout
For the loss rate of described unit area farmland phosphorus, α is phosphate fertilizer compensation coefficient, described α=basic standard
Mean temperature in temperature/field-crop growth cycle.
According to the present invention, the growth cycle of described crop refer to a certain crop from be seeded into harvesting used when
Between, for certain areas, same crop can be sowed repeatedly for 1 year, therefore, the growth of described crop
Cycle, this was well known for those skilled in the art not with year for limiting.The fertilizing method of crop can basis
The regulation of fertilizer requirement of Different Crop, the suitable time in growth cycle, choose suitable method and carry out fertilizer
Administration, for example can apply base manure before turning over, the jointing stage applies and topdresses, this be art technology
Well known to personnel, will not be described here.The Phosphorus fertilizer usage (Fert) of described unit area is in crop
A growth cycle in total quality to the crop applying phosphate fertilizer of unit area.
Though soil is phosphorous many, and can for plant directly utilize few, the overwhelming majority is in insoluble inorganic
Exist with organic phosphorus compound.Though the needs to phosphorus for the high-yield plant can be met using phosphate fertilizer, in soil easily
It is fixed to indissoluble state phosphorus, utilization rate is very low.The phosphorus of these invalid forms can turn under microbial action again
It is changed into the available nutriment of plant.Soil phosphorus form transformation and its effectiveness not only with fertilising, farming etc.
Agronomic measures are relevant, and strongly affected by environmental conditions such as temperature, precipitation.As early spring low temperature and sky
When gas is moist, the crop such as Oryza sativa L., Semen Maydiss, Semen Tritici aestivi would generally show phosphorus deficiency symptom, but when weather warms
Phosphorus deficiency symptom disappears；In crop rotation, phosphate fertilizer emphasis is applied on winter crop, such as winter wheat-summer maize system wheel
Make, phosphate fertilizer emphasis is applied on Semen Tritici aestivi, and main cause is winter crop seedling stage to be in cryogenic conditions, in soil
Microbial activity and root absorbability all relatively weak, phosphorus is applied on winter crop to ensure to survive the winter work
The supply to phosphorus for the thing seedling stage.Temperature change is changed to available phosphoruss indirectly by acting on microorganism, plant etc.
Produce impact.Temperature is the Main Factors of impact soil microbial activities, and microorganism is to soil phosphorus shape
State conversion there is important function, temperature too high and too low all by microbiostatic activity, thus affecting soil
P availability.Therefore, it is with reference to carrying out carrying out phosphorus again after the rectification of farmland phosphate fertilizer with local temperature
Fertile administration both can make full use of soil phosphorus, maintain and improve the lasting deliverability of soil phosphorus, and
High crop yield stable yields can be kept；Described phosphate fertilizer compensation coefficient α=basic standard temperature/field-crop
Mean temperature in growth cycle.Wherein, the growth appropriate temperature conditions according to Different Crop, described basis
Standard temperature can be 20-25 DEG C.
According to the present invention, the quality of the phosphorus in taken out of the farmland of crop harvesting of described farmland unit area
(Corpout) quality of the phosphorus that the crop harvesting economic flow rate of farmland unit area is taken out of can be included
(Yieout) and the phosphorous quality (Str of unit area farmland stalkout), i.e. Corpout=Yieout+Strout；
Described economic flow rate refers to the yield of cutting in farmland, and described cutting can include seed, tuber and skin
At least one in cotton.
According to the present invention, the quality of the phosphorus that the crop harvesting economic flow rate of described farmland unit area is taken out of
(Yieout) can be according to the every 1kg of formation in the economic flow rate (Yield) of the crop in unit area farmland
Cutting in phosphorus quality (Nutyie) try to achieve, i.e. Yieout=Yield × Nutyie, described StroutCan
Matter with the phosphorus in the straw of the every 1kg of formation in the straw yield (Straw) according to unit area farmland
Amount (Nutstr) try to achieve, i.e. Strout=Straw × Nutstr.
According to the present invention, the quality of the phosphorus in taken out of the farmland of crop harvesting of described farmland unit area
(Corpout) can also be the quality (Upt of total phosphorus of Crop in described unit area farmlandout)
Quality (Ret with the phosphorus of the straw-returning in described unit area farmlandin) difference, that is,
Corpout=Uptout-Retin.
According to the present invention, the quality (Upt of total phosphorus of the Crop in described unit area farmlandout)
Can produce according to forming every 1kg crop economy in the economic flow rate (Yield) of the crop in unit area farmland
Quality (the Nut of the phosphorus that amount needsneed), i.e. Uptout=Yield × Nutneed.Described unit area farmland
Quality (the Ret of the phosphorus of straw-returningin) can be according in the straw yield (Straw) in unit area farmland
Unit area farmland forms the quality (Nut of the phosphorus in every 1kg strawstr) with the straw in unit area farmland
Also field rate (Ratstr) long-pending calculating, i.e. Retin=Straw × Ratstr×Nutstr.
According to the present invention, the quality (Env of the described phosphorus entering unit area farmland from environmentin) can wrap
Include the phosphorus inputting farmland by dry/wet deposition, dry deposition refers to atmospheric falling dust and directly falls the phosphorus entering in native watchband
Quality, wet deposition refers to air and includes phosphorus contained by total suspended particles enter soil-crop with precipitation
The amount of system.Zhang Feng (permanently happy basin nitrogen, phosphorus sedimentation and its contribution in the Cycle of nutrients of region.
Peak. Hangzhou：Zhejiang University's thesis, 2011) in permanently happy basin atmospheric sedimentation sampling website monitoring 2
Air phosphorus wet deposition and dry deposition year flux difference that year (in March, 2009 was to 2011 2 months) measures
It is only 0.63kg/hm2And 1.33kg/hm2, total settlement phosphorus year flux be 1.96kg/hm2.As can be seen here,
By dry/wet deposition input farmland phosphorus very little it is preferable that described enter unit area agriculture from environment
Quality (the Env of the phosphorus in fieldin) can be 0-40kg/hm2.
According to the present invention, phosphorus can pass through runoff and/or leaching loss, but removes some organoclays, subsoil water
Outside the soil that the higher sandy soil in position or excessive fertilization lead to soil to be in rich phosphorus state, phosphorus in leaching water
Concentration relatively low, with runoff loss be agricultural land soil phosphorus loss approach.The carrier of phosphorus loss is mainly mud
Sand, is affected greatly by rainfall intensity, and rainfall is strong, and phosphorus loss dramatically increases, and fertilization mode damages to phosphorus and phosphorus
Vector impact is less.This season utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer is very low, normally only accounts for the 7.3%～20.1% of this season dose,
The overwhelming majority remains in soil, and the more, soil quick-effective phosphor storage capacity is bigger for the fertilizer in residual soil,
Soil Phosphorus supply capacity is also stronger.Residual soil in phosphorus after season crop can continue with.The accumulation of phosphorus utilizes
Rate can surpass more than 80%.Therefore, the loss rate (Rat of unit area farmland phosphorusout) can be 0-25%.
Field experiment research shows, phosphorus element focuses mostly in the economic flow rate (seed etc.) of cereal crop,
If 1594 Semen Tritici aestivi field test sample points of China are it has been found that Semen Tritici aestivi phosphorus element harvest index is 0.29～0.99,
Average about 0.78；2917 point data of test sample between spring maize and corn field of summer of China draw, Semen Maydiss
Phosphorus element harvest index is 0.22～0.92, averagely about 0.65；This seminar is according to national 544 Oryza sativa L.
The result of sampling point data collection shows, Oryza sativa L. phosphorus element harvest index is 0.28～0.92, averagely about 0.64.
Wherein, phosphorus element harvest index is seed phosphorus accumulation total amount/plant phosphorus element accumulation total amount.It can be seen that, China's Semen Tritici aestivi,
Semen Maydiss, rice grain P uptake by plants account for 78%, 65%, 70% that crop overground part inhales phosphorus total amount respectively.
Therefore, accumulative phosphorus element in straw less it is preferable that described unit area farmland forms every 1kg straw
In phosphorus quality (Nutstr) it is 0-250kg/hm2.
Method according to the invention it is possible to most of crop is carried out with the administration of phosphate fertilizer, for example, described work
Thing can be at least one in Semen Tritici aestivi, Semen Maydiss, Oryza sativa L., Rhizoma Solani tuber osi and Cotton Gossypii.
Further illustrate the present invention below by embodiment.
Embodiment 1：
The present embodiment taking Huang-Huai-Hai plain winter wheat and loess plateau winter wheat as a example, according to local environment
Condition and statistical data, Huang-Huai-Hai plain and the loess plateau of 2005-2010 locality winter wheat harvest yield
Winter wheat target output is respectively 7355kg/hm2And 5114kg/hm2, the phosphorus amount that needs of 100kg seed divides
Wei not 1.14kg and 0.90kg.
Huang-Huai-Hai plain winter wheat and loess plateau During Growing Period of Winter Wheat temperature on average be respectively 19.1 DEG C and
13.3℃.Consider three base point temperature of crop and the optimum temperature of crop root Nutrient Absorption etc., select 22.5 DEG C
Based on standard temperature, then Huang-Huai-Hai plain winter wheat and loess plateau winter wheat phosphate fertilizer correct system
Number is respectively 1.18 and 1.69.
Unit area farmland forms the quality of phosphorus in every 1kg straw, enters unit area farmland from environment
The quality of phosphorus and the loss rate of phosphorus ignore.
Then according to formula：
Calculate phosphate fertilizer and recommend amount of application：
Huang-Huai-Hai plain winter wheat Phosphorus fertilizer usage Fert=1.18 × 7355 × 1.14/100=98.9kg/hm2
Loess plateau winter wheat Phosphorus fertilizer usage Fert=1.69 × 5114 × 0.90/100=77.8kg/hm2
I.e. the suitable amount of application of the phosphate fertilizer of Huang-Huai-Hai plain and loess plateau winter wheat is respectively 98.9kg/hm2
And 77.8kg/hm2.
Testing example 1
With Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Ling County trial zone (Huang-Huai-Hai plain winter wheat area) concrete plot it is
Example, chooses 10 pieces of experimental plots, and every piece of experimental plot area is 0.1hm2, carry out cultivating of winter wheat, press
Respectively phosphate fertilizer is applied to 10 pieces of experimental plots according to dose listed by table 1.Growth feelings further according to winter wheat
Condition carries out the administration of potash fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer to 10 pieces of experimental plots, and the amount of application of potash fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer is respectively
150kg/hm2And 225kg/hm2.Carry out the results of winter wheat after 250 days, record the yield of winter wheat,
Draw Phosphorus fertilizer usage and Huang-Huai-Hai plain winter wheat yields graph of relation (as Fig. 1).
Table 1
| Experimental plot is numbered | Phosphorus fertilizer usage (kg/hm2) | Huang-Huai-Hai plain winter wheat yields (kg/hm2) |
| 1 | 50 | 5603 |
| 2 | 60 | 5978 |
| 3 | 70 | 6331 |
| 4 | 80 | 6689 |
| 5 | 90 | 7010 |
| 6 | 100 | 7342 |
| 7 | 110 | 7346 |
| 8 | 120 | 7344 |
| 9 | 130 | 7345 |
| 10 | 140 | 7346 |
Taking Changwu of Shaanxi county (loess plateau winter wheat area) concrete plot as a example, choose 10 pieces of examinations
Test field, every piece of experimental plot area is 0.1hm2, carry out cultivating of winter wheat, according to dose listed by table 2
Respectively phosphate fertilizer is applied to 10 pieces of experimental plots.Growing state further according to winter wheat enters to 10 pieces of experimental plots
Row potash fertilizer and the administration of nitrogenous fertilizer, the amount of application of potash fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer is respectively 150kg/hm2And 225kg/hm2.
Carry out the results of winter wheat, the yield of record winter wheat after 240 days, draw Phosphorus fertilizer usage high with loess
Former winter wheat yields graph of relation (as Fig. 2).
Table 2
| Experimental plot is numbered | Phosphorus fertilizer usage (kg/hm2) | Loess plateau winter wheat yields (kg/hm2) |
| 1 | 58 | 3521 |
| 2 | 62 | 3897 |
| 3 | 66 | 4298 |
| 4 | 70 | 4556 |
| 5 | 74 | 4813 |
| 6 | 78 | 5089 |
| 7 | 82 | 5092 |
| 8 | 86 | 5088 |
| 9 | 90 | 5090 |
| 10 | 94 | 5089 |
By table 1, table 2 and Fig. 1, Fig. 2 it is found that increase with Phosphorus fertilizer usage, Semen Tritici aestivi produces
Amount is gradually increasing, and is respectively when applying phosphate fertilizer amount to Huang-Huai-Hai plain winter wheat and loess plateau winter wheat
100kg/hm2And 78kg/hm2When, wheat yield up to higher value, after Phosphorus fertilizer usage exceedes this value,
Wheat yield keeps stable.The suitable Phosphorus fertilizer usage of test gained and the method according to the invention calculate institute
Phosphorus fertilizer usage close, illustrate the method for the present invention can achieve simply, fast and accurately quantification
The administration of phosphate fertilizer, workable, beneficial to popularization and application.
Embodiment 2：
The present embodiment taking northeast Spring maize seeding and Huang-Huai-Hai plain Summer Maize as a example, according to local environment
Condition and 2005-2010 locality harvest corn statistics of variables data, northeast Spring maize seeding and Huang-Huai-Hai are put down
Former Summer Maize target output is respectively 9772kg/hm2And 9426kg/hm2, 100kg seed need phosphorus
Amount is respectively 0.80kg and 0.91kg.
Northeast Spring maize seeding and Huang-Huai-Hai plain Summer Maize period of duration temperature on average be 16.9 DEG C and
24.0℃.Consider three base point temperature of crop and the optimum temperature of crop root Nutrient Absorption etc., select 22.5 DEG C
Based on standard temperature, then northeast Spring maize seeding and Huang-Huai-Hai plain Summer Maize phosphate fertilizer correct system
Number is respectively 1.33 and 0.94.
Unit area farmland forms the quality of phosphorus in every 1kg straw, enters unit area farmland from environment
The quality of phosphorus and the loss rate of phosphorus ignore.
Then according to formula：
Calculate phosphate fertilizer and recommend amount of application：
Northeast Spring maize seeding Phosphorus fertilizer usage Fert=1.33 × 9772 × 0.80/100=104.0kg/hm2
Huang-Huai-Hai plain Summer Maize Phosphorus fertilizer usage Fert=0.94 × 9426 × 0.91/100=80.6kg/hm2
I.e. the Reasonable application rate of P of northeast Spring maize seeding and Huang-Huai-Hai plain Summer Maize is respectively 104.0
kg/hm2And 80.6kg/hm2.
Testing example 2
Taking Jilin Gongzhuling (northeast Spring maize seeding area) concrete plot as a example, choose 10 pieces of tests
Field, every piece of experimental plot area is 0.1hm2, the cultivating, according to dose listed by table 3 of the Semen Maydiss that sow in spring
Respectively phosphate fertilizer is applied to 10 pieces of experimental plots.Growing state further according to Semen Maydiss is carried out to 10 pieces of experimental plots
Potash fertilizer and the administration of nitrogenous fertilizer, the amount of application of potash fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer is respectively 150kg/hm2And 225kg/hm2.
Carry out the results of Semen Maydiss, the yield of record Semen Maydiss after 130 days, draw Phosphorus fertilizer usage beautiful with northeast spring sowing
Rice Relationship with Yield curve chart (as Fig. 3).
Table 3
| Experimental plot is numbered | Phosphorus fertilizer usage (kg/hm2) | Northeast Spring maize seeding yield (kg/hm2) |
| 1 | 80 | 8455 |
| 2 | 85 | 8734 |
| 3 | 90 | 9077 |
| 4 | 95 | 9286 |
| 5 | 100 | 9508 |
| 6 | 105 | 9714 |
| 7 | 110 | 9718 |
| 8 | 115 | 9720 |
| 9 | 120 | 9726 |
| 10 | 125 | 9718 |
With Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Ling County trial zone (Huang-Huai-Hai plain Summer Maize area) concrete plot
As a example, choose 10 pieces of experimental plots, every piece of experimental plot area is 0.1hm2, carry out cultivating of Summer Maize,
Respectively phosphate fertilizer is applied to 10 pieces of experimental plots according to dose listed by table 4.Growth feelings further according to Semen Maydiss
Condition carries out the administration of potash fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer to 10 pieces of experimental plots, and the amount of application of potash fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer is respectively
150kg/hm2And 225kg/hm2.Carry out the results of Semen Maydiss, the yield of record Semen Maydiss after 100 days, draw
Phosphorus fertilizer usage and Huang-Huai-Hai plain Summer Maize Relationship with Yield curve chart (as Fig. 4).
Table 4
By table 3, table 4 and Fig. 3, Fig. 4 it is found that increase with Phosphorus fertilizer usage, Semen Maydiss produce
Amount is gradually increasing, and is respectively when applying phosphate fertilizer amount to northeast Spring maize seeding and Huang-Huai-Hai plain Summer Maize
105kg/hm2And 80kg/hm2When, corn yield up to higher value, after Phosphorus fertilizer usage exceedes this value,
Corn yield keeps stable.The suitable Phosphorus fertilizer usage of test gained and the method according to the invention calculate institute
Phosphorus fertilizer usage close, illustrate the method for the present invention can achieve simply, fast and accurately quantification
The administration of phosphate fertilizer, workable, beneficial to popularization and application.
Embodiment 3：
The present embodiment taking the double single cropping rice region late rice in Jiangnan Qiuling Plain and early rice as a example, according to local environment
Condition and 2005-2010 locality rice harves statistics of variables data, the double single cropping rice region in Jiangnan Qiuling Plain
Late rice and early rice target output are respectively 7790kg/hm2And 6900kg/hm2, 100kg seed need phosphorus
Amount is respectively 0.87kg and 0.86kg.
The double single cropping rice region late rice in Jiangnan Qiuling Plain and early rice period of duration temperature on average are 21.8 DEG C and 23.9 DEG C.
Consider three base point temperature of crop and the optimum temperature of crop root Nutrient Absorption etc., select 22.5 DEG C of conducts
Basic standard temperature, then the double single cropping rice region late rice in Jiangnan Qiuling Plain and early rice phosphate fertilizer compensation coefficient divide
Wei 1.03 and 0.94.
Unit area farmland forms the quality of phosphorus in every 1kg straw, enters unit area farmland from environment
The quality of phosphorus and the loss rate of phosphorus ignore.
Then according to formula：
Calculate phosphate fertilizer and recommend amount of application：
Double single cropping rice region late rice Phosphorus fertilizer usage Fert=1.03 × 7790 × 0.87/100 in Jiangnan Qiuling Plain
=69.8kg/hm2
Double single cropping rice region early rice Phosphorus fertilizer usage Fert=0.94 × 6900 × 0.86/100 in Jiangnan Qiuling Plain
=55.8kg/hm2
I.e. the double single cropping rice region late rice in Jiangnan Qiuling Plain and early rice Reasonable application rate of P are respectively 69.8
kg/hm2And 55.8kg/hm2.
Testing example 3
Taking Jiangxi Jinxian County (the double single cropping rice region in a Jiangnan Qiuling Plain) concrete plot as a example, choose 10
Block experimental plot, every piece of experimental plot area is 0.1hm2, carry out cultivating of late rice, according to the listed fertilising of table 5
Amount applies phosphate fertilizer to 10 pieces of experimental plots respectively.Growing state further according to late rice enters to 10 pieces of experimental plots
Row potash fertilizer and the administration of nitrogenous fertilizer, the amount of application of potash fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer is respectively 150kg/hm2And 225kg/hm2.
Carry out the results of late rice, the yield of record late rice after 100 days, draw Phosphorus fertilizer usage and put down with Jiangnan Qiuling
Former pair of single cropping rice region late rice yield graph of relation (as Fig. 5).
Table 5
Taking Jiangxi Jinxian County (the double single cropping rice region in a Jiangnan Qiuling Plain) concrete plot as a example, choose 10
Block experimental plot, every piece of experimental plot area is 0.1hm2, carry out cultivating of early rice, according to the listed fertilising of table 6
Amount applies phosphate fertilizer to 10 pieces of experimental plots respectively.Growing state further according to early rice enters to 10 pieces of experimental plots
Row potash fertilizer and the administration of nitrogenous fertilizer, the amount of application of potash fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer is respectively 150kg/hm2And 225kg/hm2.
Carry out the results of early rice, the yield of record early rice after 100 days, draw Phosphorus fertilizer usage and put down with Jiangnan Qiuling
Former pair of single cropping rice region early rice Relationship with Yield curve chart (as Fig. 6).
Table 6
By table 5, table 6 and Fig. 5, Fig. 6 it is found that increase with Phosphorus fertilizer usage, Oryza sativa L. produces
Amount is gradually increasing, when single cropping rice region late rices double to Jiangnan Qiuling Plain and early rice are applied phosphate fertilizer amount and is respectively 70
kg/hm2And 55kg/hm2When, rice yield up to higher value, after Phosphorus fertilizer usage exceedes this value, water
Rice yield keeps stable.The suitable Phosphorus fertilizer usage of test gained and the method according to the invention calculate gained
Phosphorus fertilizer usage close, illustrate that the method for the present invention can achieve simple, fast and accurately quantification phosphorus
Fertile administration, workable, beneficial to popularization and application.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of application process of crop phosphate fertilizer, the method includes：In a growth cycle of crop,
Farmland is carried out with applying it is characterised in that the Phosphorus fertilizer usage of described farmland unit area of phosphate fertilizerWherein, CorpoutCrop harvesting by described farmland unit area is taken out of
The quality of the phosphorus in farmland, EnvinIt is the quality of the phosphorus from environment entrance unit area farmland, RatoutFor institute
State the loss rate of unit area farmland phosphorus, α is phosphate fertilizer compensation coefficient, described α=basic standard temperature
Mean temperature in/field-crop growth cycle.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, described Corpout=Yieout+Strout, wherein,
YieoutThe quality of the phosphorus taken out of by the crop harvesting economic flow rate of described farmland unit area, StroutFor
The phosphorous quality of described unit area farmland stalk, described economic flow rate refers to the yield of cutting in farmland,
Described cutting includes at least one in seed, tuber and gined cotton.
3. method according to claim 1, wherein, described Corpout=Uptout-Retin, wherein,
UptoutFor the quality of total phosphorus of the Crop in described unit area farmland, RetinFor described unit plane
The quality of the phosphorus of the straw-returning in long-pending farmland.
4. method according to claim 2, wherein, described Yieout=Yield × Nutyie, described
Strout=Straw × Nutstr, wherein, Yield is the economic flow rate of the crop in described unit area farmland, Nutyie
Form the quality of the phosphorus in the described cutting of every 1kg for described unit area farmland, Straw is described
The straw yield in unit area farmland, NutstrFormed in the straw of every 1kg for described unit area farmland
Phosphorus quality.
5. method according to claim 3, wherein, described Uptout=Yield × Nutneed, described
Retin=Straw × Ratstr×Nutstr, wherein, Yield is the economic product of the crop in described unit area farmland
Amount, NutneedForm the quality of the phosphorus that every 1kg crop economy yield needs for described unit area farmland,
Straw is the straw yield in described unit area farmland, RatstrFor described unit area farmland straw also
Field rate, NutstrForm the quality of the phosphorus in every 1kg straw for described unit area farmland.
6. method according to claim 1, wherein, described EnvinFor 0-40kg/hm2.
7. method according to claim 1, wherein, described RatoutFor 0-25%.
8. method according to claim 4, wherein, described NutstrFor 0-250kg/hm2.
9. method according to claim 1, wherein, described crop be selected from Semen Tritici aestivi, Semen Maydiss,
At least one in Oryza sativa L., Rhizoma Solani tuber osi and Cotton Gossypii.
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| CN111631097A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-09-08 | 中国农业科学院衡阳红壤实验站 | Fertilizing method for quantitatively regulating and controlling effective phosphorus content of red-loaned rice soil |
| CN111642210A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-11 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Potato phosphate fertilizer recommendation method based on soil Olsen-P test and water phosphorus integration |
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| CN105165215A (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2015-12-23 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Optimized recommended fertilization method for soybeans |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111631097A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-09-08 | 中国农业科学院衡阳红壤实验站 | Fertilizing method for quantitatively regulating and controlling effective phosphorus content of red-loaned rice soil |
| CN111642210A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-11 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Potato phosphate fertilizer recommendation method based on soil Olsen-P test and water phosphorus integration |
| CN111642210B (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2022-03-01 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Potato phosphate fertilizer recommendation method based on soil Olsen-P test and water phosphorus integration |
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