CN111642210B - Potato phosphate fertilizer recommendation method based on soil Olsen-P test and water phosphorus integration - Google Patents
Potato phosphate fertilizer recommendation method based on soil Olsen-P test and water phosphorus integration Download PDFInfo
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- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- DJFBJKSMACBYBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphane;hydrate Chemical compound O.P DJFBJKSMACBYBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004114 Ammonium polyphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019826 ammonium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001276 ammonium polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005527 soil sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000037666 field crops Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop fertilization, and particularly relates to a method for recommending a potato phosphate fertilizer based on soil Olsen-P test and water phosphorus integration, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: recommending a base fertilizer based on a phosphate fertilizer tested by an Olsen-P soil before sowing; the method has the advantages that soil testing and water phosphorus are integrated, phosphate fertilizer management can be accurately matched with the phosphorus requirement of potato growth, the utilization efficiency of potato phosphate fertilizer is improved, and compared with the whole basic application of the traditional phosphate fertilizer, the method is accurate and efficient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop fertilization, and particularly relates to an application method of a potato phosphate fertilizer based on combination of base fertilizer recommendation and growth period water-phosphorus integrated topdressing recommendation of an Olsen-P test of soil before sowing.
Background
Phosphorus is one of essential elements for potato growth and development and yield formation, the amount of phosphate fertilizer is continuously increased in the actual production of potatoes, and particularly, farmer investigation shows that 99% of phosphate fertilizer is applied in a base fertilizer mode, so that the utilization efficiency of the phosphate fertilizer is lower than 15%, which is far lower than that of field crops such as wheat, corn and the like, and therefore, the weight-reducing and efficiency-increasing effects of potato phosphate fertilizer management are imperative. The soil testing formula fertilization method aims at determining the total fertilization amount, does not relate to a base topdressing proportion, and in addition, a water-saving drip irrigation technology is widely used in potato production, so that water and fertilizer integrated irrigation fertilization is more convenient, but nitrogen and potassium fertilizer and water fertilizer integrated application is mainly used in production, a phosphate fertilizer is still mainly used as a base fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer topdressing recommendation matching phosphorus requirements of potatoes in different growth stages is lacked, and water saving and phosphorus saving technologies are seriously disconnected, so that soil testing phosphorus fertilizer base fertilizer recommendation with strong indication is combined with a water and phosphorus integrated phosphorus topdressing recommendation method matching phosphorus requirements of potatoes in different growth stages, and the establishment of a phosphorus fertilizer is urgently needed. According to the method, the content of soil Olsen-P with strong potato growth and development indication is used as the base fertilizer recommendation of the phosphate fertilizer of the potatoes, the additional fertilizer recommendation of the phosphate fertilizer matched with the phosphorus requirement of the high-yield potatoes in different growth stages is used, and finally, the accurate and efficient phosphate fertilizer management method for the whole production period of the potatoes is established.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of potato phosphate fertilizer application in a soil testing and formula fertilizing technology and the problem of serious disjunction of water saving and phosphorus saving technologies of potato drip irrigation, and establishes a water-phosphorus integrated potato whole-growth-period phosphate fertilizer management method for soil testing and matching of phosphorus requirements of potatoes in different growth stages. In order to achieve the above object and effectively solve the problems in the technical background, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
1. determination of critical value of Olsen-P content of potato farmland soil, total phosphate fertilizer consumption and phosphate fertilizer base addition ratio
The yield data corresponding to multi-point phosphate fertilizer gradient test treatment for years on the north foot of the shadow of the main potato production area are firstly calculated into relative yield (the relative yield is the ratio of the yield of other treatments to the highest treatment in the same batch test and is a y value), a scatter diagram is formed with harvest soil Olsen-P data (an x value) correspondingly treated, through correlation fitting, the best linear and platform correlation is found, and the inflection point is soil Olsen-The P content critical value, namely the relative yield is increased all the time as the content of the soil Olsen-P is increased, and the relative yield is not increased after the soil Olsen-P content critical value of the inflection point is reached! The correlation between the total phosphorus application amount and the relative yield is the same as the above, namely the correlation between the total phosphorus application amount and the relative yield of each treatment is realized, the inflection point of the linear adding platform is the critical value of the total phosphorus application amount, the critical value Scv of the content of the soil Olsen-P, which is obtained by calculation, of the correlation between the content of the soil Olsen-P and the relative yield is 25.7 mg/kg, and the total phosphorus application amount (P) of the correlation between the phosphorus application amount and the relative yield is calculated2O5) The critical Pcv is 180 kg/hm2According to the test results of different base addition ratios of phosphate fertilizer under the same phosphorus application amount, the phosphate fertilizer (P) is used2O5) The utilization efficiency of the phosphate fertilizer is the highest when 20% of base fertilizer and 80% of topdressing fertilizer are applied.
2. Olsen-P test of soil before sowing and determination of potato base fertilizer P according to soil test result2O5Number of (2)
Selecting the content of Olsen-P in the soil of 0-20cm as the soil test index before sowing, and determining by adopting a flow analyzer or a spectrophotometer. When the measured value is higher than the critical value Scv, the potato farm does not need to be supplemented with phosphate fertilizer, and when the measured value is lower than or equal to the critical value, the content P of the Olsen-P in the soil is measured according to the actual measurementtextCalculating the base fertilizer application coefficient alpha, and determining the base fertilizer P in different soil Olsen-P content ranges by taking 20% of the total phosphorus application critical value Pcv as a reference2O5The amounts are given in table 1.
Firstly, calculating the corresponding base fertilizer application coefficient alpha,α=1- P text /25.7;
then determining the actual basal application amount of the phosphate fertilizerP app ，P app =20%Pcv×（1+α）。
TABLE 1 amount of base fertilizer for potato phosphate fertilizer recommended as soil Olsen-P content
3. Phosphorus absorption ratio of high-yield potatoes in different growth stages
According to the multi-year multi-point test result summary of the Yin mountain northern foot potato main producing area, 45T/hm is obtained2Tuber yield potato plants have phosphorus uptake ratios at different stages of growth as shown in table 2.
Table 245T/hm2Tuber yield potato plant different growth stage phosphorus absorption ratio
4. Water-phosphorus integrated phosphate fertilizer additional fertilization recommendation for phosphorus requirements of potatoes in different growth stages
According to the total phosphorus application (P)2O5) Critical Pcv and 80% proportion topdressing are carried out, the phosphorus absorption proportion of potato plants at northern foot of the Yin mountain at different growth stages is combined, the topdressing amount of phosphate fertilizers at different growth stages of drip irrigation potatoes can be determined as shown in Table 3, and monoammonium phosphate or ammonium polyphosphate with good water solubility is recommended as a phosphate fertilizer variety.
TABLE 3 Water-phosphorus integration phosphate fertilizer topdressing amount of different growth stages of potato
The invention has the following advantages: 1. the invention considers the whole phosphate fertilizer management in the whole growth period of the potatoes and determines the base fertilizer P according to the soil Olsen-P test2O5The amount of the phosphate fertilizer is determined according to the phosphorus absorption proportion of the high-yield potatoes in different growth stages, and the defect of poor control performance of the soil testing formula fertilization technology on the phosphate fertilizer in the later growth period of the potatoes is overcome; 2. compared with the conventional phosphate fertilizer which is completely applied based, the phosphate fertilizer management is more matched with the phosphorus nutrition law of the potatoes, the timeliness of the fertilization practice is guided to be more specific, and the utilization efficiency of the phosphate fertilizer is greatly improved; 3. the phosphate fertilizer management operation is simple and easy to learn, has no damage to crops, and does not influence the normal growth of plantsBreeding; 4. calculating the correlation between the use of the critical value of the content of the Olsen-P in the soil and the critical value of the total phosphorus application amount and the relative yield, and compared with the correlation between the direct use and the yield, the method eliminates the influence of potato planting places, years and varieties and is convenient to widely use; 5. the soil Olsen-P index used by the invention can be measured in a large scale by a flow analyzer, and has the advantages of easy acquisition, high measuring efficiency and good indicative property.
Drawings
FIG. 1: and the soil Olsen-P content critical value of the correlation between the content of Olsen-P in the northern foot soil of the hills and the relative yield of potatoes.
FIG. 2: and the total phosphorus application critical value of the correlation between the phosphorus application amount of the northern foot of the Yin mountain and the relative yield of the potatoes.
FIG. 3 shows the phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency of a potato phosphate fertilizer in different base dressing ratios under the same phosphorus application amount on the north foot of the Yin mountain.
Detailed Description
The following examples are only for illustrating and explaining the present invention, but not for limiting the scope of the present invention.
The detection method and the implementation procedure of the present invention will be described by taking a representative product for production, for example, "krebs No. 1" as an example (the implementation of the present invention is not limited to this product).
(1) Soil test and determination of recommended amount of base fertilizer of phosphate fertilizer
In the ten days of 4 months to 5 months on the north foot of the hills in 2012 to 2019, pre-sowing soil sampling test is carried out on collected data in Wuchuan county, Sizi Wang, Chaar Right middle flag, Chaar Right front flag, Damao flag and Guyang counties, the collected data are firstly calculated into relative yield (the relative yield is the ratio of other processing yield and the highest processing yield in the same batch test and is a y value), a scatter diagram is formed with correspondingly processed soil Olsen-P data (x value) before sowing, through correlation fitting, the best linear and platform correlation is found, the inflection point is the critical value of the content of the soil Olsen-P, namely the relative yield is always increased along with the increase of the content of the soil Olsen-P, and the relative yield is not increased after the inflection point reaches the critical value of the content of the soil Olsen-P! The correlation between the total phosphorus application amount and the relative yield is the same as above, and is used everywhereThe relationship between the total phosphorus application amount and the relative yield, wherein the inflection point of the linear adding platform is the critical value of the total phosphorus application amount; the actual operation is that 20-30 points/100 mu are randomly selected, the soil sampling depth is 0-20cm, the content of the soil Olsen-P is tested after soil samples are uniformly mixed, and the determination method is a flow analyzer or a spectrophotometer method. Assuming that the measurement result of the content of the soil Olsen-P is 18mg/kg, the corresponding base fertilizer application coefficientα=1-P text /25.7=1-1825.7= 0.2996; actual basal application amount of phosphate fertilizerP app =20%Pcv×（1+α）=20%×180×（1+0.2996）=46.8kg/hm2。。
TABLE 1 amount of base fertilizer for potato phosphate fertilizer recommended as soil Olsen-P content
(2) Water-phosphorus integrated phosphate fertilizer additional fertilization recommendation for phosphorus requirements of potatoes in different growth stages
According to the total phosphorus application (P)2O5) Critical Pcv and 80% proportion topdressing are carried out, the phosphorus absorption proportion of potato plants at northern foot of the Yin mountain at different growth stages is combined, the topdressing amount of phosphate fertilizers at different growth stages of drip irrigation potatoes can be determined as shown in Table 3, and monoammonium phosphate or ammonium polyphosphate with good water solubility is recommended as a phosphate fertilizer variety.
TABLE 3 Water-phosphorus integration phosphate fertilizer topdressing amount of different growth stages of potato
Claims (3)
1. A method for recommending a potato phosphate fertilizer based on soil Olsen-P test and water phosphorus integration is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) determination of critical value of Olsen-P content of potato farmland soil, total phosphate fertilizer consumption and phosphate fertilizer base addition ratio
Utilize the southern hills and the northern foot of the main potato producing area for yearsThe yield data corresponding to the multipoint phosphate fertilizer gradient test processing is firstly calculated into relative yield, the relative yield is the ratio of the yield of other processing in the same batch of test to the highest processing, is a y value, and is an x value together with the Olsen-P data of harvested soil correspondingly processed, a scatter diagram is formed, the linear and platform correlation is best through correlation fitting, the inflection point is the soil Olsen-P content critical value, namely the relative yield is increased all the time along with the increase of the soil Olsen-P content, and the relative yield is not increased after the inflection point soil Olsen-P content critical value is reached; the correlation between the total phosphorus application amount and the relative yield is the same as the above, namely the correlation between the total phosphorus application amount and the relative yield of each treatment is realized, the inflection point of the linear adding platform is the critical value of the total phosphorus application amount, the critical value Scv of the content of the soil Olsen-P, which is obtained by calculation and is the correlation between the content of the soil Olsen-P and the relative yield, of the critical value of the content of the soil Olsen-P is A mg/kg, and the critical value Pcv of the total phosphorus application amount, which is the correlation between the phosphorus application amount and the relative yield, of the total phosphorus application amount is 180 kg/hm2(ii) a According to the test results of different base chasing ratios of the phosphate fertilizer under the same phosphorus application amount, the phosphate fertilizer P2O5The basal application rate is 20 percent, and the dressing rate is 80 percent, so that the utilization efficiency is highest;
(2) soil Olsen-P test before potato sowing and base fertilizer P2O5Is recommended
Selecting the content of Olsen-P in 0-20cm soil as a soil test index before sowing, and measuring by using a flow analyzer or a spectrophotometer; when the measured value is higher than the critical value Scv, the potato farmland does not need to be supplemented with base fertilizer of phosphate fertilizer, and when the measured value is lower than or equal to the critical value, the content P of the Olsen-P in the soil is measured according to the actual measurementtextCalculating the base fertilizer application coefficient alpha, and determining the base fertilizer P in different soil Olsen-P content ranges by taking 20% of the total phosphorus application critical value Pcv as a reference2O5The amounts are shown in Table 1;
firstly, calculating the corresponding base fertilizer application coefficient alpha,α=1- P text a; whereinP text Is composed ofThe content of soil Olsen-P;
then determining the actual basal application amount of the phosphate fertilizerP app ，P app =20%Pcv×(1+α) ；
TABLE 1 amount of base fertilizer for potato phosphate fertilizer recommended as soil Olsen-P content
(3) Phosphorus absorption ratio of high-yield potatoes in different growth stages
According to the multi-year multi-point test result summary of the Yin mountain northern foot potato main producing area, 45T/hm is obtained2Tuber yield potato plants have phosphorus uptake ratios at different growth stages such as those shown in table 2;
table 245T/hm2Tuber yield potato plant different growth stage phosphorus absorption ratio
(4) Water-phosphorus integrated phosphate fertilizer additional fertilization recommendation for phosphorus requirements of potatoes in different growth stages
According to the total phosphorus application amount P2O5Critical Pcv and dressing at a proportion of 80 percent, determining the phosphate fertilizer dressing amount of drip irrigation potatoes at different growth stages by combining the phosphorus absorption proportion of potato plants at northern foot of the Yin mountain at different growth stages as shown in Table 3, wherein monoammonium phosphate or ammonium polyphosphate with good water solubility is recommended as a phosphate fertilizer variety;
TABLE 3 Water-phosphorus integration phosphate fertilizer topdressing amount of different growth stages of potato
2. The recommended method for potato phosphate fertilizer based on soil Olsen-P test and water phosphorus integration according to claim 1, characterized in that the soil Olsen-P content critical value Scv is 25.7 mg/kg.
3. The method for recommending a potato phosphate fertilizer based on the integration of a soil Olsen-P test and water phosphorus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the statistical year of yield data corresponding to the gradient test treatment of the phosphate fertilizer on the northern foot of the mountains in the main production area of potatoes is more than seven years; the main producing area comprises Wuchuan county, Sizi Wang flag, middle flag of right wing of Kazakh, front flag of right wing of Kazakh, Damao flag and Guyang.
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