CN104285573A - Crop phosphate fertilizer application technology for improving phosphate fertilizer utilization rate - Google Patents
Crop phosphate fertilizer application technology for improving phosphate fertilizer utilization rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN104285573A CN104285573A CN201410405543.1A CN201410405543A CN104285573A CN 104285573 A CN104285573 A CN 104285573A CN 201410405543 A CN201410405543 A CN 201410405543A CN 104285573 A CN104285573 A CN 104285573A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a crop phosphate fertilizer application technology for improving phosphate fertilizer utilization rate, belongs to the field of agricultural fertilizer application, and specifically relates to the crop phosphate fertilizer application technology for improving phosphate fertilizer in-season utilization rate. The crop phosphate fertilizer application technology is characterized in that, soil available phosphorus is fully used, maintenance time of high concentration available phosphorus can be reduced, fixation is reduced, the loss is reduced, maximum supply in fertilizer required period is ensured, and the in-season utilization rate is improved. In middle and high fertility farmlands, especially in farmlands with the soil available phosphorus being more than 30mg / kg, a phosphate fertilizer is not applied in seedling stage, seedlings are only allowed to absorb soil available phosphorus, 30 to 150 kg per hectare of phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is applied in early flower bud differentiation stage, and the theoretical concentration of the available phosphorus in a plough layer can be improved by 80-300% compared with original initial concentration. In middle and low fertility farmlands, especially in farmlands with the soil available phosphorus being lower than 10mg / kg, the phosphate fertilizer is applied in two times; 15-75 kg per hectare of base fertilizer (P2O5) is applied, 15-75 kg of the fertilizer (P2O5) is applied in early flower bud differentiation stage, and the theoretical concentration of the available phosphorus in the plough layer soil can be improved by 80-300% compared with the original initial concentration in the two times of fertilizer application.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural fertilizer field, proprietary code is A01C.Be specifically related to the technology improving phosphate fertilizer this season availability in the fertilising of crops phosphate fertilizer.
Background technology
P elements is one of large nutritive element of growth and development of plants necessary three, the composition of many important organic compounds in involved in plant body, energy metabolism photosynthesis respiration redox reaction intracellular signaling and C N metabolism, the natural source that plays an important role in soil is grown mainly from rock decay to Promoting plant growth, what can be absorbed and used by plants is that the phosphate fertilizer of a phosphate anion available phosphorus external source form can increase soil available phosphorus content, but can there is various physics by the Ca, Mg and Fe aluminium very soon and in soil in available phosphorus after phosphate fertilizer applies, chemical reaction, form a series of new phosphate, solid form available phosphorus in liquid phase of soil being become not easily utilize therefore phosphate fertilizer then availability be often 10%-25%, phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency is low becomes the limiting factor improving crop yield
Generally use in Chinese agriculture and have 30 or 40 years containing phosphatization fertilizer, soil available phosphorus promotes more than 70%, mean value close to 20 mg/kg, the soil fertility level of nationwide and had larger lifting before 30 years.When whole soil fertility level is relatively low, advocates phosphate fertilizer always and make base manure and use, through to apply fertilizer for many years, most of soil available phosphorus can meet crop nutrition content demand substantially, changes in a basic balance or have a small surplus by original serious deficiency.Crop growthing development process mid-early stage seedling fertilizer-sucting quantity is little, and from flower bud differentiation period (panicle spike primordium differentiation stage), enter vigorous growth state, increase considerably the absorptive amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, flower bud differentiation period nutrients uptake amounts accounts for 50% of gross absorption.In a basic balance or make base manure with phosphate fertilizer again when having a small surplus at soil available phosphorus, phosphorus in being manured into soil is not absorbed instead by soil fixing by seedling, moreover the high concentration soil available phosphorus that early stage is formed may exceed the upper limit of soil phosphorus adsorption saturation, add the risk that available phosphorus runs off.And apply fertilizer in the critical period that fertilizer requirement is maximum, the high concentration available phosphorus of formation comparatively fast can be utilized by crops, reduces high concentration soil available phosphorus to hold time, and reduces phosphorus fixed qty again, reduces the risk that soil applies phosphorous loss simultaneously.
In recent years, phosphorus element becomes increasingly conspicuous on body eutrophication impact, and developed country is particularly evident.Phosphorus is the required nutritive elements of animals and plants, and excessive phosphorus element enters water body can cause body eutrophication, and the phosphorus from farmland occupies very large share in pollution of area source source, the ratio correlation in agricultural land in total phosphorus in water and basin.Along with the continuous increase containing phosphatization fertilizer and fertilizer application, phosphorus element input in agricultural production is greater than output, especially in the area that plant husbandry and aquaculture are comparatively flourishing, phosphate fertilizer and fertilizer is used due to excessive for a long time, agricultural land soil topsoil is caused to be in rich phosphorus state, soil available phosphorus accelerates to move to water body by approach such as rainwash, the soil erosion, drip washing, cause the eutrophication of receiving water body, not only cause very big infringement to municipal drinking water, water for industrial use, aquaculture, also affect the industries such as leisure, tourism.Have a lot about the research of phosphorus levels abroad, China has mainly carried out the research of soil phosphate fixation ability in the soil types such as red soil, yellow earth.
This patent is in the soil available phosphorus testing result to 2006 ~ 2013, analysis is compared with the soil available phosphorus testing result of nineteen eighty-two, carry out a large amount of crops phosphate fertilizer 0 levels 3414 to test, easily be fixed at soil in conjunction with available phosphorus, soil phosphorus hypersorption degree of saturation runs off, on crop regulation of fertilizer requirement theoretical research foundation, establish the crops phosphate fertilizer new theory system of complete set, create " a kind of crops phosphate fertilizer technology improving phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency ", this technology can improve phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency 3 ~ 8% in Crops in Applying Fertilizer.Through retrieving domestic and international pertinent literature: find no the report with " a kind of crops phosphate fertilizer technology improving phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency " identical content.
Summary of the invention
The feature of this technology: be 1. according to farmland fertility state determination Seedling Stage phosphate fertilizer method.The seedling stage in farmland of middle high fertility does not execute phosphate fertilizer, and the using in farmland part phosphate fertilizer of low fertility makees base manure.2. be according to the feature few to P acquisition amount in crops seedling stages, high fertility farmland crops utilize available phosphorus in soil seedling stage, low fertility farmland reaches the fertile requirement of crops seedling growth need by supplementing part phosphate fertilizer.At the crops flower bud differentiation initial stage, improve the external source quantity delivered of phosphorus element available nutrient, ensure that crops flower bud differentiation period (panicle spike primordium differentiation stage), booting stage, maturing stage are to the efficient absorption of phosphorus.3. reduce higher concentration soil available phosphorus to hold time, the available phosphorus fixed qty after minimizing phosphate fertilizer is manured into soil, reduce soil available phosphorus potential loss risk when executing phosphate fertilizer, ensure that key needs the effective supply of fertilizer phase phosphorus element.Crops phosphate fertilizer this season fertilising availability is improved with this know-why.
For the farmland, particularly soil available phosphorus of middle high fertility more than the farmland of 30 mg/kg, in the seedling stage of about 2 months after crop seeding, plantation to plantation, seedling is only allowed to absorb available phosphorus in soil.At flower bud differentiation (ear differentiation) initial stage, per hectare using in farmland phosphate fertilizer (P
2o
5) 30 ~ 150 kilograms, farming operation layer available phosphorus theoretical concentration is made to improve 80 ~ 300% than original soil available phosphorus initial concentration, thus ensure that crops are at flower bud differentiation period, in booting stage, 2 ~ 3 months of the maturing stage, there is the soil available phosphorus of enough concentration to utilize, improve and apply phosphate fertilizer this season availability.
For in the farmland, particularly soil available phosphorus of low fertility be less than the farmland of 10mg/kg, then phosphate fertilizer is divided into administered twice.Wherein base manure per hectare uses phosphate fertilizer (P
2o
5) 15 ~ 75 kilograms, at flower bud differentiation (ear differentiation) initial stage, per hectare uses phosphate fertilizer (P again
2o
5) 15 ~ 75 kilograms, twice fertilising can make farming operation layer available phosphorus theoretical concentration increase by 80 ~ 300% than original available phosphorus initial concentration, ensure that crops are in Seedling Stage, flower bud differentiation period, booting stage, maturing stage, there are enough soil available phosphorus to utilize, improve and apply phosphate fertilizer this season availability.
Embodiment
Analysis was detected to 78862 soil specimens in 2006 ~ 2013, soil available phosphorus mean value is 18.1mg/kg, soil available phosphorus mean value rises to present 18.1mg/kg from 8.4mg/kg compared with nineteen eighty-two, and absolute number value rising 9.7mg/kg, ascensional range reach 114.5%.Along with the significantly lifting of fertilizer amount over nearly 30 years, soil available phosphorus promotes nearly 100%, and the fertilizer horizontal contribution of the exogenous phosphorus in being manured into soil to soil is huge.The change contrast in 30 years of soil available phosphorus interval is in table 1
The 30 years change contrast statistical forms in table 1 soil available phosphorus interval
2006 ~ 2013, to crops such as paddy rice, wheat, corn, rape, potatos, carry out 3414 manure trials of 13959 communities.According to the horizontal output of phosphate fertilizer 0, set up the linear math equation of available phosphorus and fractional yield.According to linear math equation, calculate rice under each fractional yield interval theory state, oil, wheat, corn, potato produce required for available phosphorus theory demands amount.Result is as shown in table 2:
Table 2 rice, oil, wheat, corn, potato fractional yield and available phosphorus demand theory value
Analyze and research to rice, oil, wheat, corn, potato fractional yield and available phosphorus demand theory value, the conclusion drawn is: the available phosphorus supply at present under soil natural state, can meet the fractional yield demand of staple crops 85% substantially.Make staple crops fractional yield raising 10% and make fractional yield reach more than 95%, soil available phosphorus average demand must improve 100% ~ 200% than original, is equivalent to per hectare and uses phosphate fertilizer (P
2o
5) 45 ~ 90 kilograms.Because soil available phosphorus is easy to by soil fixing, want the high concentration soil available phosphorus of long term maintenance higher than original initial concentration 100% ~ 200% obviously impossible, can only crops fertility maximum need fertile phase ~ flower bud differentiation period (panicle spike primordium differentiation stage) uses phosphate fertilizer, improves soil available phosphorus concentration.
For the farmland, particularly soil available phosphorus of middle high fertility more than the farmland of 30 mg/kg, soil available phosphorus is in a basic balance or have a small surplus.In the growth and development process of crops, soil can meet the nutrient demand of crops seedling stage substantially.When now making base manure with phosphate fertilizer again, crops seedling good absorption can not utilize the exogenous phosphorus applied, superfluous state is in by making the soil available phosphorus in seedling stage, cause soil fixing waste and potential loss risk, arrive flower bud differentiation period (panicle spike primordium differentiation stage) again to start, when the absorptive amount of crops to nutrient increases considerably, soil available phosphorus is aobvious relative deficiency because of soil fixing in earlier stage or loss.Therefore for the farmland of middle high fertility, particularly soil available phosphorus is more than the farmland having irrigation conditions of 30 mg/kg, do not use phosphate fertilizer in the seedling stage of about 2 months after crop seeding, plantation to plantation, only permission crops seedling absorbs the available phosphorus in soil.Do not use phosphate fertilizer and will promote that Seedling root grows, increase the crops later stage to the absorbing capacity of soil nutrient.At flower bud differentiation (ear differentiation) initial stage, per hectare uses phosphate fertilizer (P
2o
5) 30 ~ 150 kilograms, plow layer available phosphorus theoretical concentration is made to improve 80 ~ 300% than original soil available phosphorus initial concentration, thus ensure that crops are at flower bud differentiation period, in booting stage, 2 ~ 3 months of the maturing stage, there are enough soil available phosphorus to utilize, improve crops to the exogenous phosphorus utilization applied.
For in the farmland, particularly soil available phosphorus of low fertility be less than the farmland of 10mg/kg, soil available phosphorus can't meet the nutrient demand of crops seedling stage.Need supplementary phosphorus nutrients at crops seedling stage, enter the maximum a large amount of supplies needing the fertile phase also to need phosphorus nutrients of vigorous growth state.Therefore, in crops whole breeding times, phosphate fertilizer is divided into administered twice.Wherein base manure per hectare uses phosphate fertilizer (P
2o
5) 15 ~ 75 kilograms, at flower bud differentiation (ear differentiation) initial stage, per hectare uses phosphate fertilizer (P again
2o
5) 15 ~ 75 kilograms, the time making farming operation layer available phosphorus theoretical concentration improve 80 ~ 300% than original soil available phosphorus initial concentration is multiplied, guarantee crops are in each breeding time in seedling stage, flower bud differentiation period, booting stage, maturing stage, there is the soil available phosphorus of enough concentration to utilize, improve crops to this season availability of the exogenous phosphate fertilizer applied.
Claims (3)
1. improve a crops phosphate fertilizer technology for phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency, it is characterized in that:
The invention belongs to agricultural fertilizer field, be specifically related to the technology improving p fertilizer efficiency in the fertilising of crops phosphate fertilizer; This technology can reduce phosphate fertilizer be manured into soil after available phosphorus fixed amount, alleviate soil available phosphorus potential loss risk when executing phosphate fertilizer, the key in guarantee crops flower bud differentiation period, booting stage, maturing stage needs fertile phase higher concentration available phosphorus supply, improves and applies phosphate fertilizer this season availability.
2., according to a kind of crops phosphate fertilizer technology improving phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency in claim 1, it is characterized in that:
For the farmland, particularly soil available phosphorus of middle high fertility more than the farmland of 30 mg/kg, do not use phosphate fertilizer in the seedling stage of about 2 months after crop seeding, plantation to plantation, only permission seedling absorbs the available phosphorus in soil; At flower bud differentiation (ear differentiation) initial stage, per hectare uses phosphate fertilizer (P
2o
5) 30 ~ 150 kilograms, make farming operation layer available phosphorus theoretical concentration improve 80 ~ 300% than original soil available phosphorus initial concentration.
3., according to a kind of crops phosphate fertilizer technology improving phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency in claim 1, it is characterized in that:
For in the farmland, particularly soil available phosphorus of low fertility be less than the farmland of 10mg/kg, then phosphate fertilizer is divided into administered twice; Wherein base manure per hectare uses phosphate fertilizer (P
2o
5) 15 ~ 75 kilograms, at flower bud differentiation (ear differentiation) initial stage, per hectare uses phosphate fertilizer (P again
2o
5) 15 ~ 75 kilograms, twice fertilising can make farming operation layer available phosphorus theoretical concentration increase by 80 ~ 300% than original available phosphorus initial concentration.
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| CN104285573B CN104285573B (en) | 2016-09-14 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111642210A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-11 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Potato phosphate fertilizer recommendation method based on soil Olsen-P test and water phosphorus integration |
| WO2022078261A1 (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2022-04-21 | 中国农业大学 | Novel sugar-containing phosphorus-containing fertilizer |
| CN115299228A (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2022-11-08 | 山东省农业科学院 | Leaching method for reducing phosphorus in greenhouse vegetable production system by inputting organic materials |
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| WO1986006061A1 (en) * | 1985-04-11 | 1986-10-23 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Or | Fertilization of crops |
| JPH01218517A (en) * | 1988-02-29 | 1989-08-31 | Kureha Chem Ind Co Ltd | Method for growing medium matured seedling of paddy rice |
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| CN103348811A (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2013-10-16 | 句容市和春园农业机械专业合作社 | Fertilizer application formulas for different growth stages of garlic |
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2014
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Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1986006061A1 (en) * | 1985-04-11 | 1986-10-23 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Or | Fertilization of crops |
| JPH01218517A (en) * | 1988-02-29 | 1989-08-31 | Kureha Chem Ind Co Ltd | Method for growing medium matured seedling of paddy rice |
| CN1759651A (en) * | 2005-11-09 | 2006-04-19 | 东北农业大学 | Optimized technique of fertilization of lagging nitrogen fertilizer for paddy rice in cold farmland |
| CN101015262A (en) * | 2007-03-09 | 2007-08-15 | 陕西中农瑞丰化肥科技有限责任公司 | Accurate fertilization method for apple tree |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111642210A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-11 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Potato phosphate fertilizer recommendation method based on soil Olsen-P test and water phosphorus integration |
| CN111642210B (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2022-03-01 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Potato phosphate fertilizer recommendation method based on soil Olsen-P test and water phosphorus integration |
| WO2022078261A1 (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2022-04-21 | 中国农业大学 | Novel sugar-containing phosphorus-containing fertilizer |
| CN115299228A (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2022-11-08 | 山东省农业科学院 | Leaching method for reducing phosphorus in greenhouse vegetable production system by inputting organic materials |
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| CN104285573B (en) | 2016-09-14 |
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