CN113968762A - Special cotton fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali soil and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Special cotton fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali soil and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/50—Cotton
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
Abstract
The invention discloses a special cotton fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali soil, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the special cotton fertilizer comprises the following components: 50-70 parts of water, 3-10 parts of N, 3-10 parts of urea phosphate and/or monoammonium phosphate, 3-10 parts of potassium fulvate, 5-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 4-10 parts of potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate, 0.2-2 parts of synergistic additive and 0.5-2 parts of halotolerant alkaline bacteria. The fertilizer special for cotton has the advantages of high activity on saline-alkali soil, capability of effectively inhibiting and preventing plant diseases and insect pests, effects of supplying nutrition and promoting growth of cotton and the like, solves the problem of low seedling emergence and seedling protection rate of cotton caused by low-temperature freezing injury, adversity stress and the like in the seedling stage, can effectively improve the saline-alkali soil, effectively improves the rhizosphere environment and induces the secretion of organic acid, thereby improving the resistance of crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a special cotton fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali soil, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Saline-alkali soil can be divided into light saline-alkali soil, medium saline-alkali soil and heavy saline-alkali soil. The light saline-alkali soil means that the emergence rate of crops is more than 80%, the salt content is less than three thousandths, and the pH value is between 7.1 and 8.5. The medium saline-alkali soil means that the emergence rate of crops is 50-80%, the salt content is between three per thousand and six per thousand, and the pH value is 8.5-9.5. The heavy saline-alkali soil means that the emergence rate of crops is below 50%, the salt content is above six thousandths, and the pH value is above 9.5.
The saline-alkali soil has the following characteristics:
1. slimming: lean refers to the poor fertility characteristic of saline-alkali soil, the content of organic matters in the soil is low, and the available nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients are few. According to investigation, the organic matter content of the saline-alkali soil is mostly below 10g/kg, the total nitrogen content is 0.5-0.6mg/kg, and some saline-alkali soil is lower. The saline-alkali soil is rich in calcium, and phosphorus is easily fixed by the calcium, so that the content of quick-acting phosphorus in the soil is very low, and most of the quick-acting phosphorus is below 10 mg/kg.
2. Plate: the 'plate' refers to a bad structure of saline-alkali soil, the larger the salt content of the soil is, the higher the sodium ion content is, the smaller the porosity of the soil is, the less the conglomerate structure is formed, and the poorer the water permeability and air permeability of the soil are. Saline-alkali soil has poor structure, strong capillary action, large soil evaporation capacity and continuous upward movement of underground water, so that a large amount of salt is accumulated on the upper layer of the soil. The soil is easy to saturate after raining or watering, water is not easy to evaporate, the root system of the crop is unfavorable to breathe, and the dead seedling, the rotten root, the dead seedling and the like are easy to cause.
3. Raw: by 'raw' is meant the undesirable biological characteristics of the saline alkali soil. The salt substances in the saline-alkali soil have inhibition and toxic effects on the reproduction of microorganisms. The saline-alkali soil contains less organic matters, so that nutrient substances for the growth of microorganisms are poor, the number of the microorganisms is small, and the activity is low. The soil has no vitality and the crop grows slowly.
4. Cooling: 'cold' refers to the poor thermal characteristics of saline-alkali soils. Saline-alkali soil contains too high salt, so that soil moisture absorption is strong, the ground temperature is low, and the ground temperature rises slowly in spring. According to the measurement, the land temperature of 5 cm sowed in the saline-alkali soil is about 1 ℃ lower than that of non-saline-alkali soil in the early 3 months to the middle 5 months in spring, and more than 2 ℃. The time for stabilizing the ground temperature above 12 ℃ is delayed by about 10 days compared with the time for stabilizing the ground temperature in non-saline-alkali soil. According to the characteristic of saline-alkali soil, sowing is late in spring, and sowing is stable due to the ground temperature.
Xinjiang saline-alkali soil cotton planting faces major problems. The problem of low-temperature freezing injury of Xinjiang cotton in the seedling stage is serious, the seedlings are frozen into dead seedlings, the recovery is slow, and the yield and the planting benefit are influenced; the flower and bud preservation of cotton are mainly controlled by hormone, the symptoms are treated, the root causes are not treated, and the flower bud falling can be radically reduced only by controlling the reasonable nutrition supply of plants; saline-alkali stress not only affects the growth and development process of crops, but also affects yield, and a stress relieving technology is urgently needed to be developed.
In addition, the conventional fertilizing mode of the Xinjiang cotton fertilizer is a mode of bottom application and top application. At the present stage, the process gradually transitions to the process of not applying base fertilizer and only applying drip irrigation, and the requirement on the water solubility of the fertilizer is higher and higher.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. Therefore, one purpose of the invention is to provide a special cotton fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali soil, a preparation method and an application thereof, the special cotton fertilizer has the advantages of high activity in saline-alkali soil, capability of effectively inhibiting and preventing plant diseases and insect pests, effects of supplying nutrition and promoting growth of cotton and the like, solves the problem of low seedling emergence and seedling protection rate of cotton in the seedling stage due to low-temperature freezing injury, adversity stress and the like, and simultaneously can effectively improve the saline-alkali soil, effectively improve the rhizosphere environment and induce the secretion of organic acid, thereby improving the crop resistance.
In one aspect of the invention, the invention provides a special cotton fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali soil. According to the embodiment of the invention, the special fertilizer for cotton comprises: 50-70 parts of water, 3-10 parts of N, 3-10 parts of urea phosphate and/or monoammonium phosphate, 3-10 parts of potassium fulvate, 5-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 4-10 parts of potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate, 0.2-2 parts of synergistic additive and 0.5-2 parts of halotolerant alkaline bacteria.
According to the special cotton fertilizer suitable for the saline-alkali soil, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the special cotton fertilizer is prepared from raw materials with high content of available nutrients such as N (such as urea), urea phosphate and/or monoammonium phosphate, potassium fulvate, monopotassium phosphate, potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate, so that the nutrient concentration of the product is improved to a greater extent, the content of elements except essential nutrient elements is reduced, and the product does not contain sodium ions, so that the accumulation of sodium elements in soil caused by long-term fertilization is avoided, and the soil salinization is avoided from being aggravated. The special fertilizer for cotton also contains urea phosphate and/or monoammonium phosphate, so that the water solution of the special fertilizer has a lower pH value, salt in a drip irrigation zone can be effectively reduced in the application process, the blockage of a drip irrigation pipe is prevented, and the alkalinity of soil can be obviously improved. The special fertilizer for cotton is also added with a synergistic additive, so that the low-temperature seedling protection rate of cotton can be effectively improved, the stress resistance of cotton in the bud period is promoted, the rhizosphere environment is improved, and the tolerance is improved. The saline-alkali tolerant microbial inoculum is added into the fertilizer special for cotton, so that the saline-alkali resistant activity of the cotton is improved, the stress resistance of the cotton is improved, and the diseases and insect pests of the cotton can be effectively inhibited and prevented. Therefore, the special fertilizer for cotton has the advantages of high activity in saline-alkali soil, capability of effectively inhibiting and preventing plant diseases and insect pests, effects of supplying nutrition and promoting growth of cotton and the like, solves the problem of low seedling emergence and seedling protection rate of cotton in the seedling stage due to low-temperature freezing injury, adversity stress and the like, can improve the saline-alkali soil, improve the rhizosphere environment, induce the secretion of organic acid and improve the resistance of crops; meanwhile, the invention can improve the migration of the fertilizer liquid in the soil and is more beneficial to the absorption of the cotton on the fertilizer, thereby improving the rhizosphere environment, improving the stress resistance of the cotton, promoting the flower and bud growth and improving the yield; the special fertilizer for cotton can provide a large amount of amino acid, humic acid and organic matters for soil, can be used for supplementing the organic matters of the soil, restoring the ecology of the soil, promoting the growth of crops and improving the stress resistance of the crops. In addition, the nutrient proportion of each raw material is more reasonable, the properties of the combined components are stable, and an anti-caking agent is not required to be added; the environment is friendly, the ecology is safe, and the problem of environmental pollution is avoided; is easy to be popularized and applied. Meanwhile, the cotton special fertilizer applicable to the saline-alkali soil accords with the growth rule of cotton, belongs to a chemical acid fertilizer, and is more applicable to the saline-alkali soil, so that the cotton special fertilizer has stronger pertinence and special characteristics compared with the prior art.
In addition, the fertilizer special for cotton suitable for saline-alkali soil according to the embodiment of the invention can also have the following additional technical characteristics:
in some embodiments of the invention, the fertilizer specially used for cotton comprises: 55-70 parts of water, 3-10 parts of N, 3-10 parts of urea phosphate and/or monoammonium phosphate, 5-10 parts of potassium fulvate, 5-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 4-5 parts of potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate, 1-2 parts of synergistic additive and 1-2 parts of alcaligenes halodurans.
In some embodiments of the invention, the fertilizer specially used for cotton comprises: 60-70 parts of water, 3-10 parts of N, 5-10 parts of urea phosphate and/or monoammonium phosphate, 5-10 parts of potassium fulvate, 5-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 4-5 parts of potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate, 1-2 parts of synergistic additive and 1-2 parts of alcaligenes halodurans.
In some embodiments of the invention, the builders include at least one of sodium salicylate, niacinamide, gamma aminobutyric acid, glutamic acid, glycine and alpha tocopherol.
In some embodiments of the invention, the builders further comprise at least one of cysteine, lysine hydrochloride, histidine hydrochloride, aspartic acid, proline, leucine, methionine, arginine, tyrosine, vitamin B, vitamin C, alginic acid and fish protein.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the builder comprises 15 to 45 parts by weight of sodium salicylate, 5 to 15 parts by weight of nicotinamide, 5 to 10 parts by weight of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 5 to 15 parts by weight of glutamic acid, 5 to 15 parts by weight of glycine, and 10 to 30 parts by weight of alpha-tocopherol, based on the total mass of the builder.
In some embodiments of the invention, the alcaligenes halodurans comprises at least one of trichoderma harzianum, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus subtilis, yeast, and bacillus megaterium.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the alcaligenes halodurans comprises 50-60 parts by weight of trichoderma harzianum, 10-20 parts by weight of bacillus thuringiensis, 10-20 parts by weight of bacillus subtilis, 10-20 parts by weight of yeast and 10-20 parts by weight of bacillus megaterium, based on the total mass of the alcaligenes halodurans.
In some embodiments of the invention, the potassium fulvate is selected from at least one of biochemical and mineral potassium fulvate.
In some embodiments of the invention, the N is selected from at least one of urea and ammonium sulfate.
In a further aspect of the invention, the invention provides a method for preparing the special cotton fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali soil in the embodiment. According to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises:
(1) mixing N, urea phosphate and/or monoammonium phosphate, potassium fulvate, monopotassium phosphate, potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate to obtain a premix;
(2) mixing said premix with water to obtain a homogenate;
(3) and adding the synergistic auxiliary agent and the halotolerant alkaline bacteria into the homogenate, and mixing to obtain the special fertilizer for cotton.
According to the method for preparing the special cotton fertilizer suitable for the saline-alkali soil, the special cotton fertilizer prepared by the method has the advantages of high activity on the saline-alkali soil, capability of effectively inhibiting and preventing diseases and insect pests, effects of supplying and promoting growth of cotton and the like, solves the problem of low seedling emergence and seedling protection rate of the cotton in the seedling stage due to low-temperature freezing injury, adversity stress and the like, and can effectively improve the saline-alkali soil, effectively improve the rhizosphere environment and induce the secretion of organic acid, so that the resistance of crops is improved. Meanwhile, the preparation method is simple in process and easy to popularize and apply.
In addition, the method for preparing the cotton fertilizer special for saline alkali soil according to the embodiment of the invention can also have the following additional technical characteristics:
in some embodiments of the invention, in step (2), the mixing temperature is 30-50 ℃.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step (3), the builder and the Alcaligenes halodurans are added to the homogenate at a feeding rate of 40-60kg/min under the condition of a stirring speed of 100-140 r/min.
In a third aspect of the invention, the invention provides the application of the fertilizer special for cotton suitable for saline alkali soil, which is described in the above embodiment, or the fertilizer special for cotton suitable for saline alkali soil, which is prepared by the method described in the above embodiment, in cotton fertilization. Therefore, the special fertilizer for cotton is applied to cotton fertilization, has the advantages of high activity on saline-alkali soil, capability of effectively inhibiting and preventing plant diseases and insect pests, effects of supplying and promoting growth of cotton and the like, solves the problem of low seedling emergence and seedling protection rate of cotton in the seedling stage due to low-temperature freezing injury, adversity stress and the like, can effectively improve the saline-alkali soil, effectively improves the rhizosphere environment, induces the secretion of organic acid and improves the crop resistance.
In addition, the application of the fertilizer special for cotton, which is suitable for saline alkali soil, in cotton fertilization according to the embodiment of the invention can also have the following additional technical characteristics:
in some embodiments of the invention, the special cotton fertilizer is applied along with water drip irrigation or water flush application at an application rate of 2.5-5 kg/mu in a cotton seedling stage.
In some embodiments of the invention, the cotton specific fertilizer is applied with water drip irrigation or water flush at the bud stage of cotton at an application rate of 5-10 kg/acre.
In some embodiments of the invention, the special cotton fertilizer is applied along with water drip irrigation or water flush application in the cotton boll stage at an application rate of 10-20 kg/mu.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is intended to be illustrative, and is not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In one aspect of the invention, the invention provides a special cotton fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali soil. According to an embodiment of the invention, the fertilizer comprises: 50-70 parts of water, 3-10 parts of N, 3-10 parts of urea phosphate and/or monoammonium phosphate, 3-10 parts of potassium fulvate, 5-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 4-10 parts of potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate, 0.2-2 parts of synergistic additive and 0.5-2 parts of halotolerant alkaline bacteria. Preferably, the fertilizer comprises: 55-70 parts of water, 3-10 parts of N, 3-10 parts of urea phosphate and/or monoammonium phosphate, 5-10 parts of potassium fulvate, 5-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 4-5 parts of potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate, 1-2 parts of synergistic additive and 1-2 parts of alcaligenes halodurans. More preferably, the fertilizer comprises: 60-70 parts of water, 3-10 parts of N, 5-10 parts of urea phosphate and/or monoammonium phosphate, 5-10 parts of potassium fulvate, 5-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 4-5 parts of potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate, 1-2 parts of synergistic additive and 1-2 parts of alcaligenes halodurans. Therefore, the special fertilizer for cotton selects raw materials with high content of available nutrients such as N (such as urea), urea phosphate and/or monoammonium phosphate, potassium fulvate, monopotassium phosphate, potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate, the nutrient concentration of the product is improved to a greater extent, the content of elements except necessary nutrient elements is reduced, and the product does not contain sodium ions, so that the accumulation of sodium elements in soil caused by long-term fertilization is avoided, and the soil salinization is avoided from being aggravated. The special fertilizer for cotton also contains urea phosphate and/or monoammonium phosphate, so that the water solution of the special fertilizer has a lower pH value, salt in a drip irrigation zone can be effectively reduced in the application process, the blockage of a drip irrigation pipe is prevented, and the alkalinity of soil can be obviously improved. The special fertilizer for cotton is also added with a synergistic additive, so that the low-temperature seedling protection rate of cotton can be effectively improved, the stress resistance of cotton in the bud period is promoted, the rhizosphere environment is improved, and the tolerance is improved. The saline-alkali tolerant microbial inoculum is added into the fertilizer special for cotton, so that the saline-alkali resistant activity of the cotton is improved, the stress resistance of the cotton is improved, and the diseases and insect pests of the cotton can be effectively inhibited and prevented. Therefore, the special fertilizer for cotton has the advantages of high activity in saline-alkali soil, capability of effectively inhibiting and preventing plant diseases and insect pests, effects of supplying nutrition and promoting growth of cotton and the like, solves the problem of low seedling emergence and seedling protection rate of cotton in the seedling stage due to low-temperature freezing injury, adversity stress and the like, can improve the saline-alkali soil, improve the rhizosphere environment, induce the secretion of organic acid and improve the resistance of crops; meanwhile, the invention can improve the migration of the fertilizer liquid in the soil and is more beneficial to the absorption of the cotton on the fertilizer, thereby improving the rhizosphere environment, improving the stress resistance of the cotton, promoting the flower and bud growth and improving the yield; the special fertilizer for cotton can provide a large amount of amino acid, humic acid and organic matters for soil, can be used for supplementing the organic matters of the soil, restoring the ecology of the soil, promoting the growth of crops and improving the stress resistance of the crops. In addition, the nutrient proportion of each raw material is more reasonable, the properties of the combined components are stable, and an anti-caking agent is not required to be added; the environment is friendly, the ecology is safe, and the problem of environmental pollution is avoided; is easy to be popularized and applied. Meanwhile, the cotton special fertilizer applicable to the saline-alkali soil accords with the growth rule of cotton, belongs to a chemical acid fertilizer, and is more applicable to the saline-alkali soil, so that the cotton special fertilizer has stronger pertinence and special characteristics compared with the prior art. The inventor finds that if the water content is too low, the product can not be completely dissolved, the product is not beneficial to forming, and if the water content is too high, the nutrient can be reduced; if the content of N is too low, nitrogen element is reduced, and the early-stage vegetative growth of cotton cannot be met, and if the content of N is too high, excessive growth of cotton is caused; if the content of the synergistic auxiliary is too low, the seedling emergence promoting and seedling protecting effects are poor, and if the content of the synergistic auxiliary is too high, the cost is too high; if the content of the alcaligenes halodurans is too low, the effects of saline-alkali resistance activity, stress resistance and inhibition and prevention of plant diseases and insect pests of cotton are poor, and if the content of the alcaligenes halodurans is too high, the cost is too high.
In the embodiment of the invention, compared with the conventional solid fertilizer treatment, the inventor of the invention finds that the nitrogen absorption amount of the special fertilizer for cotton is obviously increased compared with the conventional solid fertilizer treatment when the total dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is less than 24.75kg/667 square meter through a large number of tests, the nitrogen absorption amount of the special fertilizer for cotton is increased by 28.6-44.5% relatively, the lower the fertilizing amount is, the larger the nitrogen absorption amount is, and when the total dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than 24.75kg/667 square meter, the phosphorus absorption amount of the special fertilizer for cotton is obviously increased compared with the solid fertilizer treatment and is increased by 43.9-75.3% relatively; the potassium absorption amount of the special fertilizer for cotton is higher than that of solid fertilizer, and the relative increase value is 38.6-53.4%.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the synergist comprises at least one of sodium salicylate, nicotinamide, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamic acid, glycine, and alpha-tocopherol, thereby effectively increasing the low temperature seedling rate of cotton, promoting bud stress resistance, improving rhizosphere environment, and increasing tolerance. Wherein, the sodium salicylate is used for resisting and rooting, the nicotinamide is used for resisting and rooting, the gamma-aminobutyric acid is used for promoting the growth and resisting and rooting, and the glutamic acid is used for improving the germination rate of seeds and increasing the biosynthesis of chlorophyll; the glycine is used for improving the photosynthesis of crops and promoting the growth of plants; the function of the alpha-tocopherol is to promote germination and emergence.
According to still other specific embodiments of the present invention, the builder comprises 15 to 45 parts by weight of sodium salicylate, 5 to 15 parts by weight of nicotinamide, 5 to 10 parts by weight of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 5 to 15 parts by weight of glutamic acid, 5 to 15 parts by weight of glycine, and 10 to 30 parts by weight of alpha-tocopherol, based on the total mass of the builder. Therefore, the content of each synergistic auxiliary agent is limited in the range, the product has obvious synergistic effect, and the seedling emergence and the seedling protection of cotton are further facilitated. The inventor finds that if the content of the sodium salicylate is too low, the saline-alkali resistance of the cotton is low, and the normal growth of the cotton is not facilitated; if the content of nicotinamide is too low, the saline-alkali resistance of cotton is low, and the normal growth of the cotton is not facilitated; if the content of the gamma-aminobutyric acid is too low, the growth and the seedling strengthening of cotton are not facilitated; if the content of the glutamic acid is too low, the photosynthesis of cotton is not facilitated, and if the content of the glutamic acid is too high, the rapid seedling emergence of seeds is not facilitated; if the content of the glycine is too low, the photosynthesis of the cotton is not improved; if the content of the alpha-tocopherol is too low, the germination of seeds is not facilitated, and the seedling emergence protection of cotton is not facilitated.
According to still other embodiments of the present invention, the synergist further comprises at least one of cysteine, lysine hydrochloride, histidine hydrochloride, aspartic acid, proline, leucine, methionine, arginine, tyrosine, vitamin B, vitamin C, alginic acid and fish protein, and different amino acids have different physiological functions for crops, but the various amino acids have cooperativity and interdependency, and the lack of one of the cooperativity and the interdependency leads to the inhibition of the metabolic processes of other amino acids, wherein the vitamin B, the vitamin C, the alginic acid and the fish protein mainly improve the stress resistance of the crops.
According to still other embodiments of the present invention, the alcaligenes halodurans includes at least one of trichoderma harzianum, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes and bacillus megaterium, wherein the trichoderma harzianum not only has a saline-alkali tolerance function, but also has a biological control function, and can effectively improve disease resistance of crops.
According to still other specific embodiments of the present invention, the Alcaligenes halodurans comprises 50-60 parts by weight of Trichoderma harzianum, 10-20 parts by weight of Bacillus thuringiensis, 10-20 parts by weight of Bacillus subtilis, 10-20 parts by weight of yeast and 10-20 parts by weight of Bacillus megaterium, based on the total weight of the Alcaligenes halodurans. Therefore, the content of each component of the halotolerant Alcaligenes is limited in the range, the saline-alkali resistant activity of the cotton is further improved, the stress resistance of the cotton is improved, and the plant diseases and insect pests of the cotton can be effectively inhibited and prevented. The inventor finds that if the content of the trichoderma harzianum is too low, the salt and alkali resistance and the biological control function of crops are not favorably improved, and if the content of the trichoderma harzianum is too high, the effect is not directly proportional to the improvement of the content, so that the cost is higher, and the transformation and popularization of products are not favorably realized.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the specific kind of N is not particularly limited, and may be arbitrarily selected by those skilled in the art according to practical circumstances, and as a preferable embodiment, the N is selected from at least one of urea and ammonium sulfate.
According to still further specific embodiments of the present invention, the potassium fulvate is selected from at least one of biochemical potassium fulvate and mineral potassium fulvate. The potassium fulvate is extracted from natural humus, and is a group of substances which can be dissolved in alkali, acid and water, have smaller molecular weight, and are yellow or brownish yellow in dilute solution. It is a plant growth regulating substance, can promote plant growth, can raise plant resistance, can increase yield and can improve quality. The fulvic acid is the best core component for forming soil humus, is a small-molecular-weight and fully water-soluble organic aromatic substance generated by decomposing and decomposing organic matters, is the best humic acid component in soil, and is the core substance for forming a soil granular structure. The biochemical fulvic acid potassium in the embodiment of the invention is purchased from Angel Yeast GmbH (Nemeng, Chifeng), and the mineral source fulvic acid potassium is purchased from Xinjiang Shuanglong company (Xinjiang, Wuluqin).
In an embodiment of the invention, urea is an organic compound consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen, also called urea, which is white crystals or powder in appearance, which is a product of animal protein metabolism, commonly used as a nitrogen fertilizer for plants. The urea phosphate is also called urea phosphate or urea phosphate, has the characteristics of easy water solubility and acidic aqueous solution, and is a high-concentration nitrogen-phosphorus compound fertilizer. The potassium chloride is colorless slender rhombus or cubic crystal or white crystal small-particle powder, is a potassium fertilizer in agriculture, has quick fertilizer effect, can be directly applied to farmlands, can raise the moisture of the soil lower layer, and has the drought resistance effect. The potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used as high-efficiency phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in agriculture.
In the embodiment of the invention, the purity of the biochemical potassium fulvate can be 60%, the purity of the mineral potassium fulvate can be 95%, the purity of the urea can be 46%, the purity of the urea phosphate can be 61%, the purity of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be 72%, and the purity of the potassium chloride can be 60%, that is, organic waste liquid containing the biochemical potassium fulvate, the mineral potassium fulvate, the urea phosphate, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate or the potassium chloride can be adopted as each raw material, so that the resource utilization rate is improved.
In still another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for preparing the above fertilizer for cotton suitable for saline-alkali soil. According to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises:
s100: mixing N, urea phosphate and/or monoammonium phosphate, potassium fulvate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate
In the step, N, urea phosphate and/or monoammonium phosphate, potassium fulvate, monopotassium phosphate, potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate are fully mixed by a three-dimensional mixer so as to obtain the premix.
S200: mixing the premix with water
In this step, the premix is mixed with water in a reaction vessel and sufficiently dissolved to obtain a homogenate. According to further embodiments of the present invention, the mixing temperature is 30 to 50 ℃, thereby facilitating the respective premixes to be sufficiently dissolved in water without generating other side reactions.
S300: adding synergistic assistant and halotolerant alkalium into the homogenate, and mixing
In the step, the synergistic auxiliary agent and the halotolerant alkalium bacteria are added into the homogenate and mixed in a stirrer, so that all raw materials are fully dissolved, and the special fertilizer for cotton is obtained.
According to further embodiments of the present invention, the synergist and the Alcaligenes halodurans are added to the homogenate at a feeding rate of 40-60kg/min under the condition that the stirring speed of the stirrer is 100-140r/min, thereby further facilitating the full dissolution of the raw materials without generating other side reactions.
According to the method for preparing the special cotton fertilizer suitable for the saline-alkali soil, the special cotton fertilizer prepared by the method has the advantages of high activity on the saline-alkali soil, capability of effectively inhibiting and preventing diseases and insect pests, effects of supplying and promoting growth of cotton and the like, solves the problem of low seedling emergence and seedling protection rate of the cotton in the seedling stage due to low-temperature freezing injury, adversity stress and the like, and can effectively improve the saline-alkali soil, effectively improve the rhizosphere environment and induce the secretion of organic acid, so that the resistance of crops is improved. Meanwhile, the preparation method is simple in process and easy to popularize and apply.
In a third aspect of the invention, the invention provides the application of the fertilizer special for cotton suitable for saline alkali soil, which is described in the above embodiment, or the fertilizer special for cotton suitable for saline alkali soil, which is prepared by the method described in the above embodiment, in cotton fertilization. Therefore, the special fertilizer for cotton is applied to cotton fertilization, has the advantages of high activity on saline-alkali soil, capability of effectively inhibiting and preventing plant diseases and insect pests, effects of supplying and promoting growth of cotton and the like, solves the problem of low seedling emergence and seedling protection rate of cotton in the seedling stage due to low-temperature freezing injury, adversity stress and the like, can effectively improve the saline-alkali soil, effectively improves the rhizosphere environment, induces the secretion of organic acid and improves the crop resistance.
According to still other specific embodiments of the invention, the cotton special fertilizer is applied along with water drip irrigation or water flush application in a cotton seedling stage at an application rate of 2.5-5 kg/mu; the special fertilizer for cotton is applied by drip irrigation or flushing along with water in the bud period of the cotton in an application amount of 5-10 kg/mu; the special fertilizer for cotton is applied by drip irrigation or flushing along with water in the cotton boll stage at the application rate of 10-20 kg/mu. Therefore, the cotton is applied successively according to different growth stages of the cotton, the growth characteristics of the cotton are met, and the planting benefit is further improved.
The invention will now be described with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not to be limiting in any way.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a special fertilizer for cotton, which comprises: 65 parts by weight of water, 6 parts by weight of urea, 7 parts by weight of urea phosphate, 7 parts by weight of potassium fulvate, 8 parts by weight of monopotassium phosphate, 4.5 parts by weight of potassium chloride, 2 parts by weight of synergistic auxiliary and 2 parts by weight of halotolerant alkaline bacteria. The synergist comprises 35 parts by weight of sodium salicylate, 10 parts by weight of nicotinamide, 10 parts by weight of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 10 parts by weight of glutamic acid, 10 parts by weight of glycine and 25 parts by weight of alpha-tocopherol, based on the total mass of the synergist. The halotolerant alkaline bacteria comprise 60 parts of trichoderma harzianum, 10 parts of bacillus thuringiensis, 10 parts of bacillus subtilis, 10 parts of saccharomycetes and 10 parts of bacillus megaterium by weight based on the total mass of the halotolerant alkaline bacteria.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) fully mixing a basic formula A (urea, urea phosphate, potassium fulvate, monopotassium phosphate and potassium chloride) by using a three-dimensional mixer; 2) adding the premix of the basic formula A into water in a reaction kettle, and mixing at 40 ℃ to prepare homogenate; 3) adding the premix of the synergistic auxiliary formula B and the halotolerant alkalium bacterium formula C into the homogenate at a feeding speed of 50kg/min in a stirrer, fully reacting the raw materials, filtering and packaging to obtain the finished product, thus obtaining the special fertilizer for cotton.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a special fertilizer for cotton, which comprises: 60 parts by weight of water, 10 parts by weight of urea, 5 parts by weight of urea phosphate, 10 parts by weight of potassium fulvate, 5 parts by weight of monopotassium phosphate, 5 parts by weight of potassium chloride, 1 part by weight of synergistic auxiliary and 1.5 parts by weight of alcaligenes halodurans. The synergistic auxiliary comprises 15 parts by weight of sodium salicylate, 15 parts by weight of nicotinamide, 5 parts by weight of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 15 parts by weight of glutamic acid, 5 parts by weight of glycine and 30 parts by weight of alpha-tocopherol, based on the total mass of the synergistic auxiliary. The halotolerant alkaline bacteria comprise 55 parts by weight of trichoderma harzianum, 15 parts by weight of bacillus thuringiensis, 15 parts by weight of bacillus subtilis, 15 parts by weight of yeast and 15 parts by weight of bacillus megaterium, based on the total mass of the halotolerant alkaline bacteria. The preparation method is the same as that of example 1.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a special fertilizer for cotton, which comprises: 70 parts by weight of water, 3 parts by weight of urea, 10 parts by weight of urea phosphate, 5 parts by weight of potassium fulvate, 10 parts by weight of monopotassium phosphate, 4 parts by weight of potassium chloride, 1.5 parts by weight of synergistic auxiliary and 1 part by weight of halotolerant alkaline bacteria. The synergistic auxiliary comprises 45 parts by weight of sodium salicylate, 5 parts by weight of nicotinamide, 7 parts by weight of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 5 parts by weight of glutamic acid, 15 parts by weight of glycine and 10 parts by weight of alpha-tocopherol, based on the total mass of the synergistic auxiliary. The halotolerant alkaline bacteria comprise 50 parts by weight of trichoderma harzianum, 20 parts by weight of bacillus thuringiensis, 20 parts by weight of bacillus subtilis, 20 parts by weight of saccharomycete and 20 parts by weight of bacillus megaterium based on the total mass of the halotolerant alkaline bacteria. The preparation method is the same as that of example 1.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 used an organic liquid fertilizer of potassium fulvate purchased from Xinjiang Heart company.
The special cotton fertilizer of example 1 and comparative example 1 was applied to the demonstration field of Xinjiang Xinhu Homeland, Xinjiang, and water-soluble cotton fertilizer was dropped at 24/4/2021 with the same application amount, and the emergence rate was investigated at 27/5/2021, with the results shown in Table 1. The special cotton fertilizer of example 2 and comparative example 1 was applied to 122 lots of 20 continuous cropping field, 26 days 4 and 26 months 2021, the special cotton fertilizer of example 2 and comparative example 1 was dropped, the application amount was the same, and the rate of emergence was investigated 27 days 5 and 27 months 2021, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 1
| Comparative example 1 | Example 1 | |
| Average plant height | 11.4cm | 11.7cm |
| Average rate of emergence | 78.4％ | 86.7％ |
TABLE 2
As can be seen from table 1, the rate of emergence of example 1 increased 8.3% in the exemplary field of the total area of the new lake compared to comparative example 1. As can be seen from table 2, the emergence rate of example 2 in the rock river 122 mass demonstration field increased by 6.7% compared to comparative example 1.
The special cotton fertilizer for example 1 and the special cotton fertilizer for comparative example 1 were applied to a test area of a Xinjiang Shihe river, and the special cotton fertilizer can be used for multiple times in the bud period, before topping and after topping of cotton, the application amount is the same, and the bud growth rate and the yield are shown in table 3. The special cotton fertilizer for example 2 and the special cotton fertilizer for comparative example 1 were applied to the southern Xinjiang 40 pump-6 test area at the same application rate, and the bud growth rate and yield results are shown in Table 4. The cotton fertilizer special for example 3 and comparative example 1 was applied to the 43 pump-4 test area at the same application rate, and the bud growth rate and yield results are shown in table 5.
TABLE 3
| 122 group | Comparative example 1 | Example 1 |
| Yield (kilogram/mu) | 440 | 474 |
| Average bud and linger growth rate (one/day) | 0.33 | 0.34 |
TABLE 4
| 40 pump of southern Xinjiang shaya | Comparative example 1 | Example 2 |
| Yield (kilogram/mu) | 425 | 460 |
| Average bud and linger growth rate (one/day) | 0.29 | 0.37 |
TABLE 5
| South Xinjiang shaya 43 pump | Comparative example 1 | Example 3 |
| Yield (kilogram/mu) | 389 | 420 |
| Average bud and linger growth rate (one/day) | 0.07 | 0.34 |
As can be seen from Table 3, the yield of example 1 in the test area of the northern Xinjiang river was increased by 7.7% as compared with that of comparative example 1. As can be seen from Table 4, the yield of example 2 in the test area of pump-6 in south Xinjiang 40 increased by 8.2% as compared to comparative example 1. As can be seen from Table 5, the production in the 43 pump-4 test zone of example 3 was increased by 8% as compared with that in comparative example 1. Meanwhile, as can be seen from tables 3 to 5, the cotton bud and fructus possibly corresponding to the cotton special fertilizer of examples 1 to 3 has a better growth rate than that of comparative example 1, which shows that the cotton special fertilizer of examples 1 to 3 of the invention has the effects of promoting flower bud differentiation and bud transformation, and has obvious yield increase potential.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A special fertilizer for cotton suitable for saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising: 50-70 parts of water, 3-10 parts of N, 3-10 parts of urea phosphate and/or monoammonium phosphate, 3-10 parts of potassium fulvate, 5-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 4-10 parts of potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate, 0.2-2 parts of synergistic additive and 0.5-2 parts of halotolerant alkaline bacteria.
2. The fertilizer special for cotton as claimed in claim 1, which comprises: 55-70 parts of water, 3-10 parts of N, 3-10 parts of urea phosphate and/or monoammonium phosphate, 5-10 parts of potassium fulvate, 5-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 4-5 parts of potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate, 1-2 parts of synergistic additive and 1-2 parts of alcaligenes halodurans.
3. The fertilizer special for cotton as claimed in claim 1, which comprises: 60-70 parts of water, 3-10 parts of N, 5-10 parts of urea phosphate and/or monoammonium phosphate, 5-10 parts of potassium fulvate, 5-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 4-5 parts of potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate, 1-2 parts of synergistic additive and 1-2 parts of alcaligenes halodurans.
4. The fertilizer special for cotton as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the synergist comprises at least one of sodium salicylate, nicotinamide, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamic acid, glycine and alpha-tocopherol;
optionally, the synergistic auxiliary agent further comprises at least one of cysteine, lysine hydrochloride, histidine hydrochloride, aspartic acid, proline, leucine, methionine, arginine, tyrosine, vitamin B, vitamin C, alginic acid and fish protein;
optionally, the synergistic auxiliary comprises 15-45 parts by weight of sodium salicylate, 5-15 parts by weight of nicotinamide, 5-10 parts by weight of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 5-15 parts by weight of glutamic acid, 5-15 parts by weight of glycine and 10-30 parts by weight of alpha-tocopherol, based on the total mass of the synergistic auxiliary.
5. The fertilizer special for cotton as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the halotolerant alkalium bacteria comprise at least one of Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus megaterium;
optionally, the alcaligenes halodurans comprises 50-60 parts by weight of trichoderma harzianum, 10-20 parts by weight of bacillus thuringiensis, 10-20 parts by weight of bacillus subtilis, 10-20 parts by weight of yeast and 10-20 parts by weight of bacillus megaterium, based on the total mass of the alcaligenes halodurans.
6. The fertilizer special for cotton as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein N is at least one selected from urea and ammonium sulfate;
optionally, the potassium fulvate is selected from at least one of biochemical potassium fulvate and mineral potassium fulvate.
7. A method for preparing the cotton fertilizer special for saline-alkali soil according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising:
(1) mixing N, urea phosphate and/or monoammonium phosphate, potassium fulvate, monopotassium phosphate, potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate to obtain a premix;
(2) mixing said premix with water to obtain a homogenate;
(3) and adding the synergistic auxiliary agent and the halotolerant alkaline bacteria into the homogenate, and mixing to obtain the special fertilizer for cotton.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein, in the step (2), the mixing temperature is 30-50 ℃;
optionally, in step (3), the synergistic auxiliary and the Alcaligenes halodurans are added into the homogenate at a feeding speed of 40-60kg/min under the condition that the stirring speed is 100-140 r/min.
9. The application of the cotton fertilizer special for saline-alkali soil, which is prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 6 or the cotton fertilizer special for saline-alkali soil, which is prepared by the method of claim 7 or 8, in cotton fertilization.
10. The application of the special fertilizer for cotton as claimed in claim 9, wherein the special fertilizer for cotton is applied along with water drip irrigation or water flush application at an application rate of 2.5-5 kg/acre in a cotton seedling stage;
optionally, the special cotton fertilizer is applied along with water drip irrigation or water flush in the bud period of the cotton at an application rate of 5-10 kg/mu;
optionally, the special cotton fertilizer is applied by drip irrigation or flushing along with water in the cotton boll stage at the application rate of 10-20 kg/mu.
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| CN114456012A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-05-10 | 西安理工大学 | Low-yield composite biological organic bacterial fertilizer for cotton fields and preparation method thereof |
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