CN114287300B - Method for improving mid-term growth vigor of field crops before growth - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving mid-term growth vigor of field crops before growth, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. The method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of selecting full and uniform field crop seeds for sowing, applying a water-soluble organic compound fertilizer in a drip irrigation mode after sowing, and spraying water, wherein the water-soluble organic compound fertilizer is prepared by adding a water-soluble inorganic fertilizer into wormcast leaching liquor and uniformly stirring, and the wormcast leaching liquor and the water-soluble inorganic fertilizer are matched for use, and the drip irrigation mode is matched for improving the vigor of the field crop in the initial growth stage, so that the aims of improving the initial sprouting stability of the field crop and the survival rate of the initial crop are fulfilled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for improving the mid-term growth vigor of field crops before growth, belonging to the technical field of agricultural planting.
Background
The agricultural production is large, the agriculture is the basic industry of national economic development, and because the agriculture is about the food and beverage partnership problem of hundreds of millions of people, the people are iron meal and steel, and the agriculture is the key industry for providing food for the national people, the improvement of crop yield is more beneficial to the promotion of national economic development.
At present, in order to improve the yield of grain crops, chemical fertilizers are usually applied in the form of chemical fertilizers, and are one or more natural or synthetic nutritional elements necessary for plant growth and development, and are divided into solid chemical fertilizers, liquid chemical fertilizers and gas chemical fertilizers according to forms, wherein the solid chemical fertilizers are usually used in a mode of covering plant roots or being buried together with soil, but trace element substances in the solid chemical fertilizers permeate out of the chemical fertilizers to play a role for a long time, the gas chemical fertilizers have the defects of strong diffusivity, difficulty in control and fewer types and are rarely adopted, the liquid chemical fertilizers can be used in an irrigation and spraying mode, and are more beneficial to the absorption of plants, so that the conventional liquid fertilizers are widely applied, but only take nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements as main elements, so that the problem of soil hardening is caused when the conventional liquid fertilizers are used for a long time, in addition, the liquid fertilizers are often required to be absorbed by leaves or roots of plants, only play a better role on the grown plants, the growth conditions of the crops in the middle stage are usually ignored, and finally the waste of germplasm resources is caused.
Therefore, in order to solve the problems and improve the crop yield in China, the management method for the early and middle growth process of the crops is provided, and has very important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the method for improving the growth vigor of the field crops in the middle period before the growth is provided aiming at the problems of germplasm resource waste caused by low germination rate and low survival rate of the seeds of the field crops in the early period of the planting stage, and the vigor of the field crops in the initial growth is improved by combining the wormcast leaching solution and the water-soluble inorganic fertilizer, so that the stability of the field crops in the initial budding stage and the survival rate of the field crops in the initial stage are improved.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
the invention provides a method for improving the mid-term growth vigor of field crops before growth, which comprises the following steps: selecting full and even field crop seeds for sowing, applying a water-soluble organic compound fertilizer in a drip irrigation mode after sowing, and spraying water.
Further, the field crop is corn, soybean or peanut. The germination process of the field crop seeds is divided into an imbibition stage, a germination stage and a germination stage, wherein the seed coats absorb water and become soft in the imbibition stage, so that external water is favorable for entering the seed embryos, the number of cells is rapidly increased due to the division of the seed embryo cells, the volume is rapidly increased, the radicle breaks the seed coats and comes out, the stage is the germination stage, the embryo continues to grow, the growth of the radicle is accelerated, and then cotyledons and the embryo stretch out of the seed coats to complete germination. After the seeds germinate, roots, stems and leaves grow out to form seedlings.
Further, the water-soluble organic compound fertilizer is prepared by adding the water-soluble inorganic fertilizer into the wormcast leaching solution and uniformly stirring, and the water-soluble inorganic fertilizer is directly dissolved by the wormcast leaching solution without being dissolved by water.
Further, the liquid-to-liquid ratio of the wormcast leaching solution to the water-soluble inorganic fertilizer is (15-20): 1.
further, the preparation method of the earthworm cast leaching solution comprises the following steps:
mixing wormcast and water according to the mass ratio of 20:1, vibrating for 2-5 h, standing overnight, and filtering to obtain the wormcast leaching solution. After fermentation, various organic wastes in nature are rapidly decomposed under the action of protease, lipase, cellulose and amylase in the earthworm digestive system, and are converted into nutrient substances which are self or easy to be utilized by other organisms, and the nutrient substances are excreted to form wormcast, so that a plurality of beneficial microorganisms can survive and have good capability of absorbing and maintaining the nutrient substances, and meanwhile, the wormcast is beneficial to the formation of water-stable aggregates in the wormcast through the digestion of the wormcast, and although the wormcast contains various elements such as rich nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc and the like, and various trace elements such as iron, manganese, zinc, copper, magnesium and the like, the release speed of the special porous structure fertilizer efficiency is slower, the effective components in the wormcast are fully dissolved into water through leaching, and the effective components directly act on the surfaces of seeds of field crops in the form of aqueous solution, so that the time required for playing the effect is reduced.
Further, the water-soluble inorganic fertilizer consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 to 5 parts of spermidine, 5 to 10 parts of urea, 15 to 20 parts of fulvic acid, 8 to 12 parts of calcium nitrite, 5 to 10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2 to 6 parts of ammonium molybdate, 4 to 6 parts of magnesium silicate and 0.8 to 1.5 parts of vitamin E. The water-soluble inorganic fertilizer can provide needed nutrient substances for the growth of field crops and promote the rapid germination of seeds in the early stage and the growth of root systems in the later stage.
Further, the sprayed water makes the soil moisture content 100-120%.
Further, the drip irrigation time is 4-5 h, the drip irrigation speed is 5mm/d, and the interval period is 5-8 days.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
1) The wormcast leaching solution and the water-soluble inorganic fertilizer are used in a matched manner, so that the activity of field crops in initial growth is improved, and the purposes of improving the initial sprouting stability of the field crops and the survival rate of the initial crops are achieved. The test results show that: the wormcast leaching solution and the water-soluble inorganic fertilizer are applied in a drip irrigation mode, so that the seed germination rate of field crops can be improved, meanwhile, underground biomass such as plant roots and overground biomass such as bud length are obviously promoted, the competitiveness of the field crops is improved, and the purposes of improving the initial sprouting stability of the field crops and the survival rate of the initial crops are achieved.
2) The wormcast contains rich amino acids, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, microorganisms, organic substances and the like, and the nutrient substances exist by virtue of the porous structure of the wormcast, and the wormcast is soaked and oscillated in water for a long time to ensure that the rich nutrient substances are completely leached out, such as gibberellin, auxin and cytokinin which are rich in the wormcast, the biological nutrient elements play an important role in promoting the growth of field crops, and humic acid substances in the wormcast can enter the water and are combined with chelating trace elements in a water-soluble inorganic fertilizer, so that the absorption of the nutrition of the field crops seeds and the synthesis of protein are promoted, and the germination rate and the survival rate of the seeds are improved.
3) The water-soluble inorganic fertilizer used in the invention is composed of a plurality of elements, and provides rich microelements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and the like for the growth and development of field crops, in addition, vitamin E can relieve the dormancy period of seeds, effectively promote the cell division of the seeds, keep higher vitality of the cells and promote the germination of the seeds, thereby improving the survival rate, and spermidine is used as a bioactive amine, and can improve the activity of enzymes related to germination in the seeds of the field crops, thereby promoting the growth and development of seedlings and the formation and elongation of lateral roots.
4) The water-soluble organic compound fertilizer is applied in a drip irrigation mode, and in the application process, effective substances in the water-soluble organic compound fertilizer can directly reach the surface of seeds along with water molecules passing through soil, so that the fertilizer efficiency can be exerted rapidly, the problem that the solid fertilizer misses the optimal application period due to the penetration effect is avoided, meanwhile, the water content of the soil is 100-120% by a method of combining dripping the fertilizer with spraying water, a proper growth environment is provided for seed germination, and the early germination rate of the seeds is further improved.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail, which should not be considered as limiting the invention, but rather as more detailed descriptions of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In addition, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the ranges is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the invention described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification of the present invention. The specification and examples of the present invention are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are intended to be inclusive and mean an inclusion, but not limited to.
The sowing time of northern corns, soybeans and peanuts is generally 4-5 months each year, at this time, the outdoor temperature is about 20 ℃ and the day-night temperature difference is not large, so that the embodiment and the comparative example of the invention are carried out in a greenhouse with the temperature of 20 ℃ and natural light irradiation is carried out, and weeding and deinsectization management is carried out during the planting period.
The corn seeds, soybean seeds and peanut seeds used in the examples of the present invention were all from the national academy of agricultural sciences of Liaoning province.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described by the following examples.
Example 1
Mixing wormcast and water according to a mass ratio of 20:1, vibrating for 3 hours, standing overnight, and filtering to obtain wormcast leaching solution;
weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of spermidine, 8 parts of urea, 16 parts of fulvic acid, 10 parts of calcium nitrite, 10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 5 parts of magnesium silicate and 1 part of vitamin E, and uniformly mixing the raw materials to obtain a water-soluble inorganic fertilizer;
the wormcast leaching solution and the water-soluble inorganic fertilizer are mixed according to the feed liquid ratio of 16:1, uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain a water-soluble organic compound fertilizer;
selecting 100 full and uniform corn seeds for sowing, applying a water-soluble organic compound fertilizer in a drip irrigation mode after sowing, wherein the drip irrigation time is 5h, the drip irrigation rate is 5mm/d, the interval period is 5 days, and spraying water to ensure that the soil moisture content is 120%.
Example 2
Mixing wormcast and water according to a mass ratio of 20:1, oscillating for 2 hours, standing overnight, and filtering to obtain wormcast leaching solution;
weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of spermidine, 5 parts of urea, 15 parts of fulvic acid, 10 parts of calcium nitrite, 9 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 6 parts of ammonium molybdate, 4 parts of magnesium silicate and 1.5 parts of vitamin E, and uniformly mixing the raw materials to obtain a water-soluble inorganic fertilizer;
the wormcast leaching solution and the water-soluble inorganic fertilizer are mixed according to the feed liquid ratio of 18:1, uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain a water-soluble organic compound fertilizer;
selecting 100 full and uniform soybean seeds for sowing, applying a water-soluble organic compound fertilizer in a drip irrigation mode after sowing, wherein the drip irrigation time is 4 hours, the drip irrigation rate is 5mm/d, the interval period is 7 days, and spraying water to ensure that the soil moisture content is 100%.
Example 3
Mixing wormcast and water according to a mass ratio of 20:1, vibrating for 5 hours, standing overnight, and filtering to obtain wormcast leaching solution;
weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of spermidine, 10 parts of urea, 20 parts of fulvic acid, 12 parts of calcium nitrite, 10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 4 parts of magnesium silicate and 0.8 part of vitamin E, and uniformly mixing the raw materials to obtain a water-soluble inorganic fertilizer;
the wormcast leaching solution and the water-soluble inorganic fertilizer are mixed according to the liquid-to-solid ratio of 20:1, uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain a water-soluble organic compound fertilizer;
100 full and uniform peanut seeds are selected for sowing, a water-soluble organic compound fertilizer is applied in a drip irrigation mode after sowing, the drip irrigation time is 5h, the drip irrigation rate is 5mm/d, the interval period is 8 days, and water is sprayed to enable the soil moisture content to be 110%.
Example 4
Mixing wormcast and water according to a mass ratio of 20:1, oscillating for 4 hours, standing overnight, and filtering to obtain wormcast leaching solution;
weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4 parts of spermidine, 6 parts of urea, 20 parts of fulvic acid, 9 parts of calcium nitrite, 6 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 4 parts of ammonium molybdate, 5 parts of magnesium silicate and 1.4 parts of vitamin E, and uniformly mixing the raw materials to obtain a water-soluble inorganic fertilizer;
the wormcast leaching solution and the water-soluble inorganic fertilizer are mixed according to the feed liquid ratio of 15:1, uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain a water-soluble organic compound fertilizer;
selecting 100 full and uniform corn seeds for sowing, applying a water-soluble organic compound fertilizer in a drip irrigation mode after sowing, wherein the drip irrigation time is 4.5h, the drip irrigation rate is 5mm/d, the interval period is 7 days, and spraying water to ensure that the soil moisture content is 100%.
Example 5
Mixing wormcast and water according to a mass ratio of 20:1, vibrating for 3 hours, standing overnight, and filtering to obtain wormcast leaching solution;
weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of spermidine, 5 parts of urea, 20 parts of fulvic acid, 12 parts of calcium nitrite, 8 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 3 parts of ammonium molybdate, 5 parts of magnesium silicate and 1.1 parts of vitamin E, and uniformly mixing the raw materials to obtain a water-soluble inorganic fertilizer;
the wormcast leaching solution and the water-soluble inorganic fertilizer are mixed according to the feed liquid ratio of 19:1, uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain a water-soluble organic compound fertilizer;
100 full and uniform peanut seeds are selected for sowing, a water-soluble organic compound fertilizer is applied in a drip irrigation mode after sowing, the drip irrigation time is 5h, the drip irrigation rate is 5mm/d, the interval period is 8 days, and water is sprayed to ensure that the soil moisture content is 120%.
Comparative example 1
The same as in example 1, except that wormcast and water were mixed in a mass ratio of 10:1, shaken for 6 hours, allowed to stand overnight, and filtered to obtain wormcast leaching solution.
Comparative example 2
The same as in example 1 is only different in that the following raw materials are weighed according to parts by weight: 8 parts of urea, 16 parts of fulvic acid, 10 parts of calcium nitrite, 10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 5 parts of magnesium silicate and 1 part of vitamin E, and uniformly mixing the raw materials to obtain the water-soluble inorganic fertilizer.
Comparative example 3
The same as in example 1 is only different in that the following raw materials are weighed according to parts by weight: 3 parts of spermidine, 8 parts of urea, 16 parts of fulvic acid, 10 parts of calcium nitrite, 10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2 parts of ammonium molybdate and 5 parts of magnesium silicate, and uniformly mixing the raw materials to obtain the water-soluble inorganic fertilizer.
Comparative example 4
The same as in example 1 is only different in that the following raw materials are weighed according to parts by weight: 10 parts of spermidine, 9 parts of urea, 12 parts of fulvic acid, 15 parts of calcium nitrite, 3 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 6 parts of ammonium molybdate, 9 parts of magnesium silicate and 0.1 part of vitamin E, and uniformly mixing the raw materials to obtain the water-soluble inorganic fertilizer.
Comparative example 5
The difference with the embodiment 1 is that the wormcast leaching solution and the water-soluble inorganic fertilizer are mixed according to the ratio of 10:1, mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain the water-soluble organic compound fertilizer.
Comparative example 6
The difference is that the wormcast and the water-soluble inorganic fertilizer are dry-mixed and then directly covered on the corn seeds according to the mass ratio of 15:1.
Test examples
1. Determination of germination Rate, germination index and seed Activity index of seed
The seeds of examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 6 were examined when they were developed for 3 days, and the results are shown in Table 1, in which:
germination rate = number of seed germination/number of seeds to be measured x 100%
Germination index = number of germination per day/number of corresponding days of germination
Table 1 measurement results
| Germination number/granule | Germination rate/% | Germination index | |
| Example 1 | 93 | 93 | 73.5 |
| Example 2 | 92 | 92 | 73.2 |
| Example 3 | 89 | 89 | 72.0 |
| Example 4 | 91 | 91 | 72.7 |
| Example 5 | 92 | 92 | 73.0 |
| Comparative example 1 | 70 | 70 | 52.3 |
| Comparative example 2 | 75 | 75 | 56.0 |
| Comparative example 3 | 72 | 72 | 53.2 |
| Comparative example 4 | 69 | 69 | 51.8 |
| Comparative example 5 | 70 | 70 | 49.5 |
| Comparative example 6 | 51 | 51 | 37.8 |
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the method of the embodiment of the invention can effectively improve the germination rate and germination index of field crops, achieves the aim of improving the initial sprouting stability and the initial crop survival rate of the field crops, changes the manufacturing process of wormcast leaching liquor, the composition ratio of water-soluble inorganic fertilizer, the drip irrigation condition in the planting process and the like in the comparison example, and finally, the germination rate and germination index of the field crop seeds are obviously lower than those of the embodiment of the invention, thereby further explaining the rationality of the planting method of the invention.
2. Determination of underground biomass and above-ground biomass
The subsurface biomass and the above-ground biomass of the seeds of examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 6 were measured by a micro-root window method 30 days after sowing, and the results are shown in table 2, in which:
table 2 measurement results
As can be seen from Table 2, the corn seeds planted in examples 1 and 4 of the present invention have a root length of 13-15 cm measured 30 days after planting, while the corn seeds planted in comparative examples 1-6 have a root length of only 10cm, and the plant heights of the overground parts are significantly lower than those of examples 2, 3 and 4, so that the soybean and peanut growth vigor of examples 2, 3 and 4 are also good, which means that the method of the present invention can significantly promote the root length underground biomass and overground biomass of field crops and can improve the growth vigor of field crops in the middle period before growth.
The above embodiments are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the design spirit of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for improving mid-term growth vigor of field crops before growth, comprising the steps of:
selecting full and even field crop seeds for sowing, applying a water-soluble organic compound fertilizer in a drip irrigation mode after sowing, and spraying water;
the water-soluble organic compound fertilizer is prepared by adding a water-soluble inorganic fertilizer into wormcast leaching solution and uniformly stirring;
the water-soluble inorganic fertilizer consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 to 5 parts of spermidine, 5 to 10 parts of urea, 15 to 20 parts of fulvic acid, 8 to 12 parts of calcium nitrite, 5 to 10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2 to 6 parts of ammonium molybdate, 4 to 6 parts of magnesium silicate and 0.8 to 1.5 parts of vitamin E;
the liquid-to-liquid ratio of the wormcast leaching solution to the water-soluble inorganic fertilizer is (15-20): 1, a step of;
the preparation method of the wormcast leaching solution comprises the following steps:
mixing wormcast and water according to a mass ratio of 20:1, oscillating for 2-5 hours, standing overnight, and filtering to obtain wormcast leaching solution;
the water content of the soil is 100-120% by spraying the water.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the field crop is corn, soybean, or peanut.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the drip irrigation is for a period of 4 to 5 hours, the drip irrigation rate is 5mm/d, and the interval period is 5 to 8 days.
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