CN107306564B - Method for diagnosing, regulating and fertilizing leaf age of rice in northern cold region - Google Patents
Method for diagnosing, regulating and fertilizing leaf age of rice in northern cold region Download PDFInfo
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- CN107306564B CN107306564B CN201710585854.4A CN201710585854A CN107306564B CN 107306564 B CN107306564 B CN 107306564B CN 201710585854 A CN201710585854 A CN 201710585854A CN 107306564 B CN107306564 B CN 107306564B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a method for diagnosing, regulating and fertilizing leaf age of rice in northern cold regions, which comprises a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer, wherein the fertilizers are divided into fertilizers with different growth periods, including a base fertilizer, a tillering fertilizer, a regulating fertilizer and a spike fertilizer, and are regulated and fertilized according to the growth and development process of the leaf age of the rice, and the method comprises the steps of fertilizing the rice for 5-7 days during rice transplanting, fertilizing the rice at a 4-leaf-inverted period and fertilizing the rice at a half-leaf-inverted-2-leaf period. According to the invention, the fertilizer is regulated and controlled according to the nutrient requirement of the rice in different leaf age periods, the fertilizer utilization rate can be improved, the fertilizer application is reduced by 10%, the rice yield is increased by 5.72%, the economic benefit value is increased by 1200 yuan/hectare, meanwhile, the agricultural non-point source pollution is reduced, the agricultural sustainable development is maintained, and the economic benefit and the ecological benefit are obvious.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a method for diagnosing, regulating and fertilizing leaf age of rice in northern cold regions.
Background
The rice is originally produced in the Asian tropical zone, is gradually spread to all over the world after being planted in China, rice grains formed by the rice are called rice or rice after husking, nearly half of the population in the world takes the rice as food, and compared with other crops, the nutrient components contained in the rice have higher digestibility and absorptivity and are most suitable for the needs of human bodies. In recent 30 years, the planting area of rice in cold regions in the north of China is rapidly enlarged, and after the rice is introduced in the north, because the growth period in the north is short, the yield of directly sown rice is low, and the quality is poor, the rice in the north is cultivated in two stages, the first stage is a greenhouse seedling raising stage, when the seedlings grow for 35-40 days and are in a three-leaf one-heart stage, the rice transplanting in the field is carried out, and the second stage cultivation is carried out. After rice is transplanted, because the ground temperature is low, the rice green turning is slow, the green turning and the growth of rice seedlings are influenced, more nutrient elements are needed for the normal growth and development of the rice, particularly, the needed amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is large, the requirement for the growth and development of the rice cannot be met only by soil supply, the conventional rice fertilization technology cannot fertilize according to the growth vigor of the rice plants, and the fertilization is carried out at a certain period no matter how the growth vigor of the rice plants is, so that the rice plants grow excessively at different growth periods in a certain period, the rice plants grow excessively, and are green and late-maturing; or the fertilizing amount is less in a certain period, so that the tillering number, the spike number or the grain weight of the rice is influenced, and finally the yield of the rice is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects, provides a method for diagnosing, regulating and fertilizing the leaf age of rice in northern cold regions, and solves the problems of low fertilizer utilization rate and serious agricultural non-point source pollution caused by blind application of chemical fertilizers in rice cultivation.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical means:
a method for diagnosing, regulating and applying the fertilizer of the leaf age of rice in the cold area in the north is based on the theory of the leaf age mode of rice and regulates and applies the fertilizer according to the growth and development process of the leaf age of rice according to the climatic characteristics of the cold area in the north and the fertilizer requirement rule of rice.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
the fertilizer comprises nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphatic fertilizer and potash fertilizer, and the total amount of pure nutrients (N + P) of the fertilizer2O5+K2O) is 240-260 kg/hectare, N is P2O5:K2O＝3:1:1.2；
The fertilizer is divided into fertilizers in different growth periods, including a base fertilizer, a tillering fertilizer, a regulating fertilizer and a spike fertilizer, wherein the fertilizers in each growth period are distributed according to the following proportion:
the nitrogen fertilizer is respectively used as a base fertilizer, a tillering fertilizer, an adjusting fertilizer and a spike fertilizer, and is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass 4: 3:1: 2, distributing;
the phosphate fertilizer is completely used as a base fertilizer;
the potash fertilizer is respectively used as a base fertilizer and a spike fertilizer, and is prepared from the following raw materials in a mass ratio of 1:1, distributing;
when rice is transplanted, namely 3 leaves and 1 heart stage of rice, all the base fertilizers of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are applied to soil;
transplanting rice for 5-7 days, namely the rice is at the age of 4 leaves, and topdressing the tillering fertilizer in nitrogen when the rice seedlings grow new roots;
in the stage of rice leaf inversion 4, the adjusting fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is applied additionally according to the growth vigor and the leaf color of functional leaves of the rice, and the adjusting fertilizer is applied to the weak rice growth vigor area to ensure that the rice plants grow uniformly;
and (3) applying the spike fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer in the first half leaf period of pouring 2 leaves of the rice.
The function of the base fertilizer on the rice seedlings is to ensure the survival of the seedlings;
the tillering fertilizer is mainly used for promoting the rapid tillering of rice and increasing the spike number of the rice;
adjusting fertilizer, and fertilizing where rice grows weakly in the field to make rice plants grow uniformly;
the spike fertilizer has the main functions of enabling the number of glume flowers and the glume volume of each spike to meet expected requirements, forming an ideal plant type and a strong root system, enabling the area index of the group leaves to be proper during spike extraction, and increasing the storage amount of photosynthetic products before spike extraction.
According to the invention, the fertilizer is regulated and controlled according to the nutrient requirement of the rice in different leaf age periods, the fertilizer utilization rate can be improved, the fertilizer application is reduced by 10%, the rice yield is increased by 5.72%, the economic benefit value is increased by 1200 yuan/hectare, meanwhile, the agricultural non-point source pollution is reduced, the agricultural sustainable development is maintained, and the economic benefit and the ecological benefit are obvious.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.
Taking 11-leaf rice varieties mainly planted in northern cold regions as an example: total amount of pure nutrients (N + P) of fertilizer2O5+K2O) is 240-260 kg/hectare, and the mass ratio of N to P2O5:K2O is 3:1:1.2, wherein the fertilization proportion of the nitrogen fertilizer in each growth period is as follows: and (3) tillering fertilizer: fertilizer adjustment: spike fertilizer is 4: 3:1: 2, completely using phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer, and using potassium fertilizer in each growth period according to the fertilizer application proportion: spike fertilizer is 1:1.
applying a base fertilizer into soil by using a rice side deep fertilizer applicator when rice is transplanted (3 leaves and 1 heart stage of rice), wherein the function of the base fertilizer on rice seedlings is to ensure the survival of the seedlings;
transplanting rice for 5-7 days (4-leaf age of rice), applying 30% tillering fertilizer of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer when rice seedlings grow new roots, and mainly promoting rapid tillering of rice and increasing the number of rice ears;
in the rice 4-leaf period (11-leaf variety 7.1-8 leaf period), adjusting fertilizer accounting for 10% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied according to the growth vigor and leaf color of functional leaves of rice, and the rice is fertilized wherever the growth vigor is weak in the field, so that the growth vigor of rice plants is consistent;
in the half leaf period before the rice is turned over 2 leaves (the 8.5 leaf period of 11 leaf varieties), spike fertilizer with the total nitrogen content of 20% and the total potassium fertilizer content of 50% is applied, and the spike fertilizer has the main functions of enabling the number of glumes and the glume volume of each spike to meet the expected requirements, forming an ideal plant type and a robust root system, enabling the leaf area index of a population to be appropriate during spike extraction, and increasing the storage amount of photosynthetic products before spike extraction.
The 2015-2016 year test is completed in a rice science and technology park of the academy of agricultural reclamation in Heilongjiang province; the test soil is white serous soil, and the basic fertility is as follows: 19.5g/kg of organic matter, 1.089g/kg of total nitrogen, 12.1mg/kg of quick-acting phosphorus, 204mg/kg of quick-acting potassium and pH 7.0.
The test varieties are: reclaimed rice 24 in 2015 and reclaimed rice 26 in 2016; the fertilizers tested were urea (N content 46.4%), diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate.
The experiment was set up with 2 treatments, 3 replicates: treatment 1, the method for diagnosing, regulating and fertilizing the leaf age of the rice in the northern cold region; and 2, conventional fertilization technology of the rice is adopted, topdressing is carried out according to natural date instead of the growth vigor of the rice leaves.
And (3) test results:
the test shows the data of the plant character determination in the rice seedling stage:
the quality of the rice seedlings is measured in the tillering stage of the rice, and the test result shows that the effect of the treatment 1 is better than that of the treatment 2, the tillering number and the plant height of the rice seedlings of the treatment 1 and the ground dry weight average are higher than those of the treatment 2, the green turning of the rice is fast, and the quality of the rice seedlings is good, which is shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 survey of growth and development in rice tillering stage (2015 years)
TABLE 2 investigation result of growth and development of rice at tillering stage (2016 year)
The test shows that the test data of the plant characters in the field of the main growth period of rice of each treatment:
the plant characteristics of the rice are examined at the tillering stage, the young ear differentiation stage and the heading stage of the rice, the dry weight of the rice in the treatment 1 is better than that in the treatment 2, and the results are shown in tables 3 and 4.
TABLE 3 Rice Dry matter accumulation survey results (2015; unit: g/strain)
TABLE 4 Rice Dry matter accumulation survey results (2016 years; unit: g/strain)
Each treatment was tested for rice yield traits:
the results of the rice yield constitutive factor seed test show that the tillering, the grain number per ear, the grain weight and the thousand grain weight of the rice plants treated by the method 1 are higher than those of the control, and are shown in tables 5 and 6.
TABLE 5 analysis of Rice yield constitutive factor (2015)
TABLE 6 analysis of Rice yield constitutive factors (2016 year)
The rice yield measurement result shows that the treatment 1 has the effects of saving fertilizer and increasing yield, and the yield is increased by 5.72 percent compared with the average yield of the control, which is shown in tables 7 and 8.
TABLE 7 analysis of rice yield traits (2015)
TABLE 8 analysis of rice yield traits (2016 year)
Note: the water was subtracted from the calculated yield for each treatment. Area of area survey: 10 square meter
In conclusion, compared with the conventional fertilization, the northern cold region rice leaf age diagnosis, regulation and fertilization method provided by the embodiment of the invention can improve the rice seedling quality, the seedlings can be quickly revived after transplanting, the rice yield can be increased by 5.72% on average, and the economic benefit value can be increased by 1200 yuan/hectare.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes performed by the present invention in the specification and the content of the embodiment, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A northern cold region rice leaf age diagnosis, regulation and fertilization method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the fertilizer comprises a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer;
the fertilizer is divided into fertilizers in different growth periods, including a base fertilizer, a tillering fertilizer, a regulating fertilizer and a spike fertilizer, wherein the fertilizers in each growth period are distributed according to the following proportion:
the nitrogen fertilizer is respectively used as a base fertilizer, a tillering fertilizer, an adjusting fertilizer and a spike fertilizer, and is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass 4: 3:1: 2, distributing;
the phosphate fertilizer is completely used as a base fertilizer;
the potash fertilizer is respectively used as a base fertilizer and a spike fertilizer, and is prepared from the following raw materials in a mass ratio of 1:1, distributing;
when rice is transplanted, namely 3 leaves and 1 heart stage of rice, all the base fertilizers of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are applied to soil;
transplanting rice for 5-7 days, namely the rice is at the age of 4 leaves, and topdressing the tillering fertilizer in nitrogen when the rice seedlings grow new roots;
in the stage of rice leaf inversion 4, the adjusting fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is applied additionally according to the growth vigor and the leaf color of functional leaves of the rice, and the adjusting fertilizer is applied to the weak rice growth vigor area to ensure that the rice plants grow uniformly;
and (3) applying the spike fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer in the first half leaf period of pouring 2 leaves of the rice.
2. The northern cold region rice leaf age diagnosis, regulation and fertilization method of claim 1, wherein the northern cold region rice leaf age diagnosis, regulation and fertilization method comprises the following steps: the fertilizerTotal amount of pure nutrients, i.e. N + P2O5+K2O, 240-260 kg/hectare, N: P2O5:K2The mass ratio of O is 3:1: 1.2.
3. The northern cold region rice leaf age diagnosis, regulation and fertilization method of claim 1, wherein the northern cold region rice leaf age diagnosis, regulation and fertilization method comprises the following steps: the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are respectively urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate.
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| CN109085290A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-12-25 | 安徽袁粮水稻产业有限公司 | A method of measurement different times rice phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency |
| CN109287229A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-02-01 | 黑龙江八农垦大学 | A kind of method of the dotted fertilising of rice |
| CN109948535A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-06-28 | 广东省农业科学院农业生物基因研究中心 | A kind of wisdom monitoring method of crop seed production primary growth stage fertilizer and water condition |
| CN113439627B (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2022-05-13 | 德阳市众益粮经产业技术研发中心 | Feeding type rice cultivation method |
| CN115250704B (en) * | 2022-08-05 | 2023-06-30 | 华中农业大学 | Rape recessive potassium deficiency diagnosis and fertilization method based on seedling stage new leaf potassium content |
| CN115953391B (en) * | 2023-03-08 | 2023-08-15 | 吉林高分遥感应用研究院有限公司 | Rice weather index monitoring system and method |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101965784A (en) * | 2010-09-25 | 2011-02-09 | 顾立金 | Leaf age mode cotton culture method |
| CN105541490A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-05-04 | 中国水稻研究所 | Function type fertilizer for later-period growth of paddy rice and fertilizer application method |
| CN105875001A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-08-24 | 辉南县宏科水稻科研中心 | Rice tiller retaining and ear increasing high-yield fertilizer applying technology |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101965784A (en) * | 2010-09-25 | 2011-02-09 | 顾立金 | Leaf age mode cotton culture method |
| CN105541490A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-05-04 | 中国水稻研究所 | Function type fertilizer for later-period growth of paddy rice and fertilizer application method |
| CN105875001A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-08-24 | 辉南县宏科水稻科研中心 | Rice tiller retaining and ear increasing high-yield fertilizer applying technology |
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