CN102919111A - Method for preventing successive cropping obstacle of watermelon and seedlings growing and cultivating medium - Google Patents
Method for preventing successive cropping obstacle of watermelon and seedlings growing and cultivating medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN102919111A CN102919111A CN2012105046093A CN201210504609A CN102919111A CN 102919111 A CN102919111 A CN 102919111A CN 2012105046093 A CN2012105046093 A CN 2012105046093A CN 201210504609 A CN201210504609 A CN 201210504609A CN 102919111 A CN102919111 A CN 102919111A
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Classifications
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- Y02P60/216—
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of the production of an agricultural matrix, and particularly relates to a method for preventing the successive cropping obstacle of a watermelon and a seedlings culturing and cultivating medium. The matrix comprises the following raw materials by volume percent: 70%-90% of earthworm shit and 10%-30% of vermiculite, wherein the earthworm shit is screened by a screen of 5mm, and the grain sizes of vermiculite are 3-6mm. After the seedlings are cultured by the watermelon seedlings culturing and cultivating medium provided by the invention, the fertilizer application process when the watermelon seedlings are cultured can be completely eliminated, the watermelon germination, and the normal culturing development of the seedlings can be guaranteed. According to the matrix, the watermelon can be cultivated, the watermelon topdressing can be completely or partially eliminated, the use of watermelon successive cropping obstacle-resistant pesticide can be reduced, the labor and the cost can be saved, and the safety quality of the watermelon fruits can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The new raw material and the prescription that the invention belongs to cultivation matrix improve technical field, are the organic components of agriculture matrix production technology, are specifically related to composition that relates to a kind of seedling medium that prevents continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon, especially watermelon seedling culturing substrate and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
In recent years, the facility cultivation mode development of watermelon crop is rapid, and planting scale constantly enlarges, and the continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon facility cultivation is very serious.Itself avoids continuous cropping watermelon, and continuous cropping will have disease to occur in 1 year, needed crop rotation just can plant after 8 years again, and continuous cropping obstacle has had a strong impact on the supply of the production ﹠ marketing of watermelon.The watermelon continuous cropping is carried out in some areas, so that soil-borne disease is constantly aggravated, continuous cropping obstacle highlights, and the result causes large tracts of land crop growing state variation, and look light leaf is little, shows the fertilizer deficiency illusion.In this case, increase fertilizing amount and can cause vicious circle, the yield of watermelon and economic benefit thereby significantly decline.Continuous cropping obstacle is the result of crop and the inner variant factors effect of soil system, and its mechanism is very complicated, and the reason of Different Crop generation continuous cropping obstacle also is not quite similar.
The reason that watermelon is made the deposits yields continuous cropping obstacle mainly comprises: (1) chemical fertilizer is used more, a large amount of applied nitrogens particularly, and soil organic matter content is lower, causes soil aggregate destroyed, soil compaction; (2) soil can not get the rainwater shower for a long time in the facility plastic greenhouse, and the salt lease making effect capillaceous in the soil solution is taken the top layer to and caused the plow layer salt accumulation, produces salination; (3) the of the same race or equal vegetable melon and fruit of long-term planting causes the large nutritive element of this kind Crop amount to wane because can not in time obtaining replenishing to form, thereby affects the balance of soil nutrient.Watermelon is to the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three elements, and maximum with potassium, nitrogen takes second place, and phosphorus is minimum; (4) do not apply fertilizers scientifically by each crop regulation of fertilizer requirement, partially to fertilize, use no or little fertilizer, cause soil acidification.Watermelon to the absorbing rule of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three elements is: the amount of earlier growth absorbed nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is less, the rear rapid increase of bearing fruit; (5) continuous cropping is so that the in a large number accumulation in soil such as the root exudates of watermelon such as phenolic acid compound, watermelon itself is produced autotoxicity, to the microorganism in the soil particularly the soil-borne disease bacterium selection is arranged, accelerates the cultivation effect, thereby spoiled soil microbial diversity, break microbial function group balance, cause the germ value volume and range of product to increase, soil-borne disease occurs serious.
The Prevention Technique of continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon: (1) kind is selected, and selects the kind of anti-continuous cropping.Different variety of watermelon is very large to the Resistant Difference of watermelon disease, and selecting disease-resistant variety is one of important measures of control watermelon disease occurrence degree; (2) shift of crops to the watermelon producing region, in conjunction with local working condition and the pattern of consumption market, is being taken into account on the basis of economic benefit, absorbs and utilizes soil salt (nutrient), improves the plant recovery of nutrient of soil; (3) apply fertilizers scientifically, press the fertility situation of regulation of fertilizer requirement and the soil of watermelon, employing is applied as the standardization fertilizer practice system of main body based on fertilization compositions based on earth measurement principle and new-type fertilizer controllable sustained-release fertilizer, avoid the accumulation of soil salt from the source, the plant nutrition requirement is satisfied in the supply of balance plant nutrition; (4) select functional matrix, the nitrogen in the edaphon absorbent solution, and temporarily fixed, thereby the salt concentration in the reduction soil solution reaches the alleviation salt damage, improves the effect of the content of the soil organic matter.
Functional matrix selection principle: the principle that (1) is followed and suited measures to local conditions, gathers materials on the spot, select straw, mushroom residue, chicken manure, wood chip and green chaff etc., add special host material, synthetic permeability is good, moisture retention strong, granular structure matrix composition recipe preferably, seems loam or sand; (2) according to target output, calculate the nutrient components such as required N, P of watermelon time of infertility, K, thereby determine again the matrix components ratio; (3) substrate culture has its particularity, answers the reasonable combination prescription of selected technology department screening, can not blindly prepare voluntarily and apply.
Before the present invention, existing watermelon seedling culturing and cultivation matrix all do not have the function of prevention continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon, and have many deficiencies: usually because of cause the hardening of self and underlay soil, permeability is bad, nutrient balance variation, shock-absorbing capacity diminish etc., be unfavorable for growth of seedling, even making plant show nutritional deficiency symptom and some other physiological disturbance, adversely affecting substrate is grown seedlings and is cultivated.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention just is to prevent continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon, overcomes defects, develops a kind of preparation with cultivation matrix of growing seedlings that prevents continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: utilize earthworm to clear up the organic solid castoffs such as cow dung, obtaining the earthworm excrement is the matrix raw material; Vermiculite is pulverized and is crossed the 6mm sieve; Raw material is mixed by prescription, be re-dubbed the base-material of watermelon seedling culturing and cultivation matrix; For improving the effect of matrix prevention continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon, when treating watermelon seedling culturing or transplanting, in base-material, use behind the earthworm ovum of every cave interpolation some.
Growing seedlings and cultivation matrix of prevention continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon of the present invention is comprised of the raw material of following percent by volume: earthworm excrement 70%-90%, vermiculite 10%-30%, and wherein the earthworm excrement is crossed the 5mm sieve, and the vermiculite particle diameter is 3-6mm.
The invention also discloses a kind of method of preventing continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon, is to grow seedlings take above-mentioned matrix as base-material and cultivate, and two earthworm ovum are added in every cave during transplanting.
Advantage of the present invention and effect are:
Available resources is abundant and cheap and easy to get.Along with the high speed development of China's economic society, the livestock and poultry breeding industry development is swift and violent, and the cultivation scale is increasing.The fast development of, scale intensive along with livestock and poultry breeding industry, batch production, the generation of livestock and poultry breeding industry ight soil discarded object also sharply increase, and have become the main production source of China's agricultural organic solid castoff.Utilize the dealing with earthworm feces of livestock and poultry to obtain the raw material of watermelon seedling culturing and cultivation matrix, available resources are very abundant, and the materials price is also very cheap.
Turn waste into wealth environmental contamination reduction.The height that livestock and poultry cultivation is produced is intensive, the ability that makes the generation of feces of livestock and poultry substantially exceed dissolving, processing of its surrounding environment and rationally use.Feces of livestock and poultry contains a large amount of not organic matter, inorganic matter, pathogeny and the pests etc. of digested absorption, can cause many-sided combined pollutions such as atmosphere, water body, soil, biology.Up to now, in the mostly unprocessed direct discharging of China's wide geographic area feces of livestock and poultry, agricultural environment and ecological safety have been brought great threat.Innoxious, the recycling treatment of feces of livestock and poultry become the hot issue of current solution widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area.Adopt feces of livestock and poultry to produce watermelon seedling culturing and cultivation matrix, not only solved the problem of environmental pollution of agricultural solid residue, and turned waste into wealth fully, effectively utilize discarded object and create economic benefit and social benefit.
Can prevent to a certain extent the generation of continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon.Earthworm has surprising phagocytic activity, and day amount of eating can reach the several times of its body weight, but the multiple enzymes such as earthworm digestive tract extracellular proteinase, lipase, cellulase, chitinase, amylase are conducive to strengthen clearing up and conversion organic.After organic substance is ingested, only directly assimilated utilization by earthworm on a small quantity, most of in the earthworm body grind with squeezing action after form and granule discharge.Earthworm excrement granule is a kind of grey to black, loose porous, aggregate that the nature Earthy Taste is arranged.
The earthworm fecal energy improves soil structure, increases soil fertility.The earthworm excrement has good permeability, air capacity of soils, drainage and higher moisture holding capacity, and very large surface area is arranged, so that many beneficial microbe existences and have good absorption and keep the ability of nutriment.Wormcast has good granular structure, and its profile is the little ball about diameter 1mm, is evenly mixed by mineral element and organic matter, organic volume 10-100 μ m
3, usually by the clay parcel of thick layer 10-30 μ m, organic matter is shielded on the organic matter.Use the activity that wormcast also can improve soil neutral phosphorus enzyme, protease, urase and sucrose etc., strengthen the fertilizer provision from soil performance.
Earthworm and metabolite thereof have Promoting plant growth, increase the important function of plant products.The content of nitrogen is higher by 434.1% than orchard soil in the wormcast, and the content of phosphorus is high by 1256.0%, and the content of potassium is high by 392.0%.The earthworm fecal energy improves the percentage of seedgermination that various crop comprises cereal, leguminous plant, flowers, vegetables and other field crops to some extent, promotes its growth, improves output, improves quality.Wormcast can improve the growth of tomato, Aztec marigold, significantly improves seedling quality, strengthens resistance, shortens seedling raise period.In loess, add suitable wormcast and make matrix cultivation pea seedlings dish, the pea seedlings dish is had obvious production-increasing function.Wormcast matrix can reduce the tomato strain high growth speed of viewing and admiring, and improves the leaf area growth rate.Wormcast induces the new root amount of longan to improve 342.3%.
Content of microorganisms is abundant in the wormcast, is conducive to regulate diversity of soil microorganism, alleviates soil-borne disease.Wormcast can be controlled the generation of the soil-borne disease in many greengrocery plants seedling stage to a certain extent effectively.Wormcast can significantly reduce the quantity of plant nematode, reduces the susceptible rate of plant.But the wormcast inducing cucumber produces anthracnose system resistance, the generation of control disease.Be rich in actinomycetes and bacterium in the wormcast, actinomycetes can produce antibiotic, and other harmful bacteria is played antagonism.
Wormcast contains the large number of biological active substance, is conducive to the growth of crop and the improvement of quality.Wormcast not only has abundant nutriment, also contains the various plants hormones such as GA, IAA of the hestening rooting of high level.Wormcast is rich in humic acid material simultaneously, and this class substance strengthens plant nutrition and absorbs and the plant stress-resistance ability.
Nutrient is comprehensive, proportional balancing method.The rational formula of watermelon seedling culturing and cultivation matrix has solved common matrix water, fertilizer, gas, heat effectively can not satisfy fully well that watermelon germinates, the problem of emergence and growth demand.This novel organic substrate not only content of organic matter is high, and nutrient component is comprehensive, proportional balancing method is coordinated, and whole the growing seedlings of watermelon can both be obtained fully and the nutrition supply of coordinating with growing period.The watermelon seedling that utilizes this novel organic substrate to bring out, well developed root system, the seedling stem is sturdy, and survival rate is high after transplanting, and strong adaptability can enter flowering stage ahead of time; Utilize this novel organic substrate cultivation watermelon can prevent that watermelon is in the generation of continuous cropping soil cultivation continuous cropping obstacle.
Simplify the Watermelon Fertilization technology, reduce the fertilizing management cost, adopt watermelon seedling culturing and cultivation matrix to grow seedlings to save fully the fertilising process during the watermelon seedling culturing, guarantee germinate normal growth growth with seedling of watermelon.Adopt this matrix to carry out cultivating watermelon, can exempt wholly or in part the use that watermelon topdressed, reduced anti-continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon agricultural chemicals, the joint worker economizes this, improves the security quality of Watermelon Fruit.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is process flow diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1:
The first step utilizes earthworm to clear up the organic solid castoffs such as cow dung, and obtaining the earthworm excrement is the matrix raw material;
Second step is pulverized vermiculite and cross the 6mm sieve, i.e. the matrix batching;
The 3rd step, base starting material, batching are pressed special formulation mix, be re-dubbed the base-material of watermelon seedling culturing and cultivation matrix;
In the 4th step, for improving the effect of matrix prevention continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon, when treating watermelon seedling culturing or transplanting, the earthworm ovum of some is added in every cave in base-material.
The prescription with cultivation matrix of growing seedlings of prevention continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon: earthworm excrement 70%-90%, vermiculite 10%-30%, each material content are the percent by volume of various raw materials in the organic substrate.Wherein the earthworm excrement is crossed the 5mm sieve, and vermiculite is processed into the 3-6mm particle diameter, and the matrix that is used for growing seedlings need not the earthworm ovum, and the matrix that is used for cultivation in the time of infertility is added the earthworm ovum by 2/cave.
Under other condition same case, watermelon seedlings that different substrates is educated is transplanted to upgrowth situation such as the table 1 on the continuous cropping soil
Table 1 watermelon seedlings that different substrates is educated is transplanted to the upgrowth situation on the continuous cropping soil
Wherein: (1) CK: market matrix; (2) T
1: 70% earthworm excrement+30% vermiculite; (3) T
2: 90% earthworm excrement+10% vermiculite; (4) T
3: 70% cow dung+30% vermiculite; (5) T
4: 90% cow dung+10% vermiculite; (6) T
5: 70% peat+30% vermiculite; (7) T
6: 90% peat+10% vermiculite.Lowercase a, b represent that difference reaches significance level between each processing.
Claims (2)
1. one kind is prevented growing seedlings and cultivation matrix of continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon, it is characterized in that being comprised of the raw material of following percent by volume: earthworm excrement 70%-90%, vermiculite 10%-30%, and wherein the earthworm excrement is crossed 5 mm sieve, and the vermiculite particle diameter is 3-6 mm.
2. a method of preventing continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon is characterized in that growing seedlings take the described matrix of claim 1 as base-material and cultivating, and two earthworm ovum are added in every cave during transplanting.
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| CN2012105046093A CN102919111A (en) | 2012-11-30 | 2012-11-30 | Method for preventing successive cropping obstacle of watermelon and seedlings growing and cultivating medium |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012105046093A CN102919111A (en) | 2012-11-30 | 2012-11-30 | Method for preventing successive cropping obstacle of watermelon and seedlings growing and cultivating medium |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106396925A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 简立华 | Watermelon cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN106831189A (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2017-06-13 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Municipal sludge afforestation special nutritional matrix and its processing method |
| CN107011000A (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2017-08-04 | 亳州市恒顺生态科技有限公司 | The method that organic base fertilizer is made in wormcast is isolated in a kind of breeding earthworm base-material from sludge |
| CN107637436A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-01-30 | 芜湖县海琦生态农业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods for alleviating continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon |
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| CN106396925A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 简立华 | Watermelon cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN106831189A (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2017-06-13 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Municipal sludge afforestation special nutritional matrix and its processing method |
| CN107011000A (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2017-08-04 | 亳州市恒顺生态科技有限公司 | The method that organic base fertilizer is made in wormcast is isolated in a kind of breeding earthworm base-material from sludge |
| CN107637436A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-01-30 | 芜湖县海琦生态农业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods for alleviating continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon |
| CN115918431A (en) * | 2022-12-10 | 2023-04-07 | 河北省农林科学院石家庄果树研究所 | A kind of seedling raising method of apricot tree in heavy stubble field |
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