CN114885771B - Cultivation method for improving stress resistance of wheat - Google Patents
Cultivation method for improving stress resistance of wheat Download PDFInfo
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- CN114885771B CN114885771B CN202210477563.4A CN202210477563A CN114885771B CN 114885771 B CN114885771 B CN 114885771B CN 202210477563 A CN202210477563 A CN 202210477563A CN 114885771 B CN114885771 B CN 114885771B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for improving stress resistance of wheat, which relates to the technical field of wheat planting and comprises the following steps: (1) Uniformly mixing crushed straw and soil, uniformly spraying humus soil leaching solution into a field, placing a coating for 20-30 days, then lifting the coating, turning soil once, and applying an organic fertilizer; (2) Sprouting wheat seeds, sowing the sprouted wheat in the field, and irrigating and draining water according to the soil moisture content in the later period; (3) Irrigating the root of the wheat for 5-6 times at intervals of 3 days at the beginning of the tillering stage of the wheat by using stress-resistant composite liquid according to the amount of 60-72 kg/mu; (4) Spraying a foliar fertilizer once in the wheat green-returning period until the wheat is ripe, and harvesting; the stress resistance of the wheat cultivated by the method is greatly improved, the growth of the wheat can be ensured by improving the stress resistance of the wheat, and the yield of the wheat is also improved to a certain extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wheat planting, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for improving stress resistance of wheat.
Background
Wheat is the second largest grain crop in China, plays an important role in ensuring national grain safety, and the requirements of population growth and social development can be met by greatly improving the yield and quality of unit area by means of scientific technology.
Stress resistance of a plant refers to certain traits that the plant has that are resistant to adverse environments; such as cold resistance, drought resistance, salt resistance, disease and insect resistance, etc.
In the existing wheat cultivation process, the quality and yield of wheat are greatly reduced due to poor stress resistance of the wheat.
The invention discloses a high-quality high-yield cost-saving and optimal-protection wheat cultivation method provided by Chinese patent publication No. CN106818188A, which specifically comprises the following steps: selecting drought-enduring winter wheat seeds for coating treatment; deep ploughing soil in a wheat planting area 3 days before sowing, and applying a base fertilizer for wheat growth before ploughing; 1 day before sowing, applying seed germination fertilizer to the soft soil; and (5) postponing the sowing time of winter wheat to 10 ten days in month for sowing and the like. The method adopts the coating agent and the seed germination fertilizer with specific formulas, changes the cultivation method in the early sowing stage of the wheat seeds, ensures that the selected wheat seeds can germinate with high efficiency, improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer, lays a foundation for the yield increase of the wheat, and increases the wheat yield, but the stress resistance of the planted wheat is general, and is easy to cause the yield reduction and the quality reduction of the wheat.
Accordingly, there is a need for further improvements in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at solving the existing problems and provides a cultivation method for improving stress resistance of wheat.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method for improving stress resistance of wheat comprises the following steps:
(1) After harvesting the previous crop, directly carrying out straw crushing and soil turning treatment, uniformly mixing the crushed straw with soil, uniformly spraying humus soil leaching liquid into the field, placing the field for 20-30 days by using a film, then lifting the film, turning soil once, and applying organic fertilizer;
the preparation method of the humus soil leaching solution comprises the following steps: mixing humus soil and water according to a mass ratio of 1:10, stirring for 1 hour, standing for 1 hour, and taking supernatant to obtain humus soil leaching liquid;
(2) Sprouting wheat seeds, sowing the sprouted wheat in the field, and irrigating and draining water according to the soil moisture content in the later period;
(3) Irrigating the root of the wheat for 5-6 times at intervals of 3 days at the beginning of the tillering stage of the wheat by using stress-resistant composite liquid according to the amount of 60-72 kg/mu;
(4) And spraying a foliar fertilizer once in the wheat green-returning period until the wheat is ripe, and harvesting.
As a further technical scheme: the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 200-300 parts of decomposed cow dung, 30-50 parts of humus soil, 25-30 parts of pretreated waste flammulina velutipes residues, 15-20 parts of pine needle powder and 12-18 parts of plant ash.
As a further technical scheme: the preparation method of the pretreated waste flammulina velutipes fungus residues comprises the following steps:
placing the waste flammulina velutipes fungus residues in a constant temperature environment at 30 ℃, adding the crushed mulberry wood powder into the waste flammulina velutipes fungus residues, uniformly stirring, adding the aldehydic residues, uniformly stirring again, regulating the humidity to 50%, and standing at constant temperature for 10 hours.
As a further technical scheme: the germination accelerating treatment comprises the following steps: selecting wheat seeds with full grains and no damage or plant diseases and insect pests, and soaking the wheat seeds in warm water at 35 ℃ until more than 90% of the wheat seeds are exposed to white.
As a further technical scheme: the preparation method of the stress-resistant composite liquid comprises the following steps:
(1) Pulverizing quinoa leaf, mixing ethanol solution according to a mass ratio of 1:10, stirring for 40min at a rotating speed of 3000r/min, standing for 2 hours, filtering, and rotary evaporating and drying to obtain quinoa extract;
(2) Mixing wormcast and water according to a mass ratio of 1:20, stirring for 30min, standing for 2 hours, and taking supernatant to obtain wormcast leaching solution;
(3) Mixing quinoa extract, wormcast leaching solution, salicylic acid and water.
As a further technical scheme: the quinoa extract, wormcast leaching liquid, salicylic acid and water are mixed according to the ratio of 1:30:5:70 mass percent is added into a stirrer to be stirred and mixed at a rotating speed of 500 r/min.
As a further technical scheme: the foliar fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2 parts of boric acid, 0.1 to 0.3 part of sodium molybdate, 8 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1 to 3 parts of fulvic acid and 60 parts of water.
As a further technical scheme: the weight ratio of the sodium molybdate to the fulvic acid is 1:10.
As a further technical scheme: the usage amount of the foliar fertilizer is 40-45 kg/mu.
The organic fertilizer used in the invention is rich in a large amount of beneficial substances, including: the wheat flour has the advantages that various organic acids, peptides and rich nutrient elements including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements are comprehensive in nutrition, and the growth requirement of wheat can be met. The fertilizer has the advantages of providing comprehensive nutrition for crops, along with long fertilizer efficiency, reducing the occurrence of soil hardening compared with the fertilizer mainly comprising chemical fertilizers, increasing and updating soil organic matters, promoting microorganism reproduction, improving physical and chemical properties and biological activity of soil, and promoting healthy growth of wheat.
Soluble sugar and soluble protein are important osmotic regulating substances in plant cells, and the integrity of cell membranes is maintained by regulating the osmotic pressure of the cells, so that the photosynthesis of leaves is ensured. Soluble sugars are also important materials and energy sources for plant regeneration; the change of the content of the soluble protein can reflect the state and degree of the plant subjected to environmental stress, and meanwhile, the soluble protein has stronger hydrophilicity, so that the plant can keep more water, the probability of death due to icing is reduced when the protoplasm is subjected to low-temperature freeze injury, and the cold resistance is improved. According to the invention, the root is irrigated with the stress-resistant composite liquid every 3 days at the beginning of the tillering stage of the wheat, so that the accumulation of soluble protein in leaves is promoted, the accumulation effect on the content of soluble protein in stems and roots is more obvious, and the stress resistance of the wheat is improved;
the antioxidant hydrogenase is an important antioxidant enzyme in plants, can remove superoxide anion free radicals and hydroxyl free radicals, can be called free radical scavenging enzyme, and can improve stress resistance by keeping high antioxidant enzyme activity under stress. The level of the antioxidant enzyme activity can reflect the cold resistance of plants to a certain extent, and the antioxidant hydrogenase activity of the wheat cultivated by the cultivation method is greatly improved, so that the stress resistance of the wheat can be obviously promoted and improved, the healthy growth of the wheat can be ensured, and the yield of the wheat is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the stress resistance of the wheat cultivated by the cultivation method is greatly improved, the growth of the wheat can be ensured by improving the stress resistance of the wheat, and the yield of the wheat is also improved to a certain extent;
the cultivation method has obvious effect of improving the leaf area index of the wheat in the jointing period, which shows that the cultivation method can promote the growth of the wheat.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
A cultivation method for improving stress resistance of wheat comprises the following steps:
(1) After harvesting the previous crop, directly carrying out straw crushing and soil turning treatment, uniformly mixing the crushed straw with soil, uniformly spraying humus soil leaching liquid into the field, placing the field for 20-30 days by using a film, then lifting the film, turning soil once, and applying organic fertilizer;
the preparation method of the humus soil leaching solution comprises the following steps: mixing humus soil and water according to a mass ratio of 1:10, stirring for 1 hour, standing for 1 hour, and taking supernatant to obtain humus soil leaching liquid;
(2) Sprouting wheat seeds, sowing the sprouted wheat in the field, and irrigating and draining water according to the soil moisture content in the later period;
(3) Irrigating the root of the wheat for 5-6 times at intervals of 3 days at the beginning of the tillering stage of the wheat by using stress-resistant composite liquid according to the amount of 60-72 kg/mu;
(4) And spraying a foliar fertilizer once in the wheat green-returning period until the wheat is ripe, and harvesting.
The organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 200-300 parts of decomposed cow dung, 30-50 parts of humus soil, 25-30 parts of pretreated waste flammulina velutipes residues, 15-20 parts of pine needle powder and 12-18 parts of plant ash.
The preparation method of the pretreated waste flammulina velutipes fungus residues comprises the following steps:
placing the waste flammulina velutipes fungus residues in a constant temperature environment at 30 ℃, adding the crushed mulberry wood powder into the waste flammulina velutipes fungus residues, uniformly stirring, adding the aldehydic residues, uniformly stirring again, regulating the humidity to 50%, and standing at constant temperature for 10 hours.
The needle mushroom residues subjected to pretreatment are more comprehensive in nutrition, and meanwhile, wheat can be better and conveniently absorbed.
The germination accelerating treatment comprises the following steps: selecting wheat seeds with full grains and no damage or plant diseases and insect pests, and soaking the wheat seeds in warm water at 35 ℃ until more than 90% of the wheat seeds are exposed to white.
The preparation method of the stress-resistant composite liquid comprises the following steps:
(1) Pulverizing quinoa leaf, mixing ethanol solution according to a mass ratio of 1:10, stirring for 40min at a rotating speed of 3000r/min, standing for 2 hours, filtering, and rotary evaporating and drying to obtain quinoa extract;
(2) Mixing wormcast and water according to a mass ratio of 1:20, stirring for 30min, standing for 2 hours, and taking supernatant to obtain wormcast leaching solution;
(3) Mixing quinoa extract, wormcast leaching solution, salicylic acid and water.
The quinoa extract, wormcast leaching liquid, salicylic acid and water are mixed according to the ratio of 1:30:5:70 mass percent is added into a stirrer to be stirred and mixed at a rotating speed of 500 r/min.
The foliar fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2 parts of boric acid, 0.1 to 0.3 part of sodium molybdate, 8 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1 to 3 parts of fulvic acid and 60 parts of water.
The weight ratio of the sodium molybdate to the fulvic acid is 1:10.
The usage amount of the foliar fertilizer is 40-45 kg/mu.
The foliar fertilizer is a supplement for absorbing nutrient components by plants, and the invention makes up the deficiency of absorbing nutrient by the root system of the wheat by spraying a certain amount of foliar fertilizer, thereby promoting the growth of the wheat and improving the yield of the wheat.
The molybdenum element can promote trace elements in the wheat body, increase chlorophyll and vitamin contents of the wheat, and has a reduction effect on nitric acid in the wheat body. When the wheat lacks molybdenum element, the conditions of underdeveloped root system, short plant, whitened leaves or yellowing and the like can occur.
The following are specific examples:
example 1
A cultivation method for improving stress resistance of wheat comprises the following steps:
(1) After harvesting the previous crop, directly carrying out straw crushing and soil turning treatment, uniformly mixing the crushed straw with soil, uniformly spraying humus soil leaching liquid into the field, placing the field for 20 days by using a film, then lifting the film, turning soil once, and applying organic fertilizer;
the preparation method of the humus soil leaching solution comprises the following steps: mixing humus soil and water according to a mass ratio of 1:10, stirring for 1 hour, standing for 1 hour, and taking supernatant to obtain humus soil leaching liquid;
(2) Sprouting wheat seeds, sowing the sprouted wheat in the field, and irrigating and draining water according to the soil moisture content in the later period;
(3) Irrigating the root of the wheat for 5 times at intervals of 3 days at the beginning of the tillering stage of the wheat by using stress-resistant composite liquid according to the amount of 60 kg/mu;
(4) And spraying a foliar fertilizer once in the wheat green-returning period until the wheat is ripe, and harvesting.
The organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 200 parts of decomposed cow dung, 30 parts of humus soil, 25 parts of pretreated waste flammulina velutipes residues, 15 parts of pine needle powder and 12 parts of plant ash.
The preparation method of the pretreated waste flammulina velutipes fungus residues comprises the following steps:
placing the waste flammulina velutipes fungus residues in a constant temperature environment at 30 ℃, adding the crushed mulberry wood powder into the waste flammulina velutipes fungus residues, uniformly stirring, adding the aldehydic residues, uniformly stirring again, regulating the humidity to 50%, and standing at constant temperature for 10 hours.
The germination accelerating treatment comprises the following steps: selecting wheat seeds with full grains and no damage or plant diseases and insect pests, and soaking the wheat seeds in warm water at 35 ℃ until more than 90% of the wheat seeds are exposed to white.
The preparation method of the stress-resistant composite liquid comprises the following steps:
(1) Pulverizing quinoa leaf, mixing ethanol solution according to a mass ratio of 1:10, stirring for 40min at a rotating speed of 3000r/min, standing for 2 hours, filtering, and rotary evaporating and drying to obtain quinoa extract;
(2) Mixing wormcast and water according to a mass ratio of 1:20, stirring for 30min, standing for 2 hours, and taking supernatant to obtain wormcast leaching solution;
(3) Mixing quinoa extract, wormcast leaching solution, salicylic acid and water.
The quinoa extract, wormcast leaching liquid, salicylic acid and water are mixed according to the ratio of 1:30:5:70 mass percent is added into a stirrer to be stirred and mixed at a rotating speed of 500 r/min.
The foliar fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2 parts of boric acid, 0.1 part of sodium molybdate, 8 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1 part of fulvic acid and 60 parts of water.
The weight ratio of the sodium molybdate to the fulvic acid is 1:10.
The usage amount of the foliar fertilizer is 40 kg/mu.
Example 2
A cultivation method for improving stress resistance of wheat comprises the following steps:
(1) After harvesting the previous crop, directly carrying out straw crushing and soil turning treatment, uniformly mixing the crushed straw with soil, uniformly spraying humus soil leaching liquid into the field, placing the field for 22 days by using a film, then lifting the film, turning soil once, and applying organic fertilizer;
the preparation method of the humus soil leaching solution comprises the following steps: mixing humus soil and water according to a mass ratio of 1:10, stirring for 1 hour, standing for 1 hour, and taking supernatant to obtain humus soil leaching liquid;
(2) Sprouting wheat seeds, sowing the sprouted wheat in the field, and irrigating and draining water according to the soil moisture content in the later period;
(3) Irrigating the root of the wheat for 6 times at intervals of 3 days at the beginning of the tillering stage of the wheat by using the stress-resistant composite liquid according to the amount of 68 kg/mu;
(4) And spraying a foliar fertilizer once in the wheat green-returning period until the wheat is ripe, and harvesting.
The organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 230 parts of decomposed cow dung, 36 parts of humus soil, 28 parts of pretreated waste flammulina velutipes fungus residues, 16 parts of pine needle powder and 15 parts of plant ash.
The preparation method of the pretreated waste flammulina velutipes fungus residues comprises the following steps:
placing the waste flammulina velutipes fungus residues in a constant temperature environment at 30 ℃, adding the crushed mulberry wood powder into the waste flammulina velutipes fungus residues, uniformly stirring, adding the aldehydic residues, uniformly stirring again, regulating the humidity to 50%, and standing at constant temperature for 10 hours.
The germination accelerating treatment comprises the following steps: selecting wheat seeds with full grains and no damage or plant diseases and insect pests, and soaking the wheat seeds in warm water at 35 ℃ until more than 90% of the wheat seeds are exposed to white.
The preparation method of the stress-resistant composite liquid comprises the following steps:
(1) Pulverizing quinoa leaf, mixing ethanol solution according to a mass ratio of 1:10, stirring for 40min at a rotating speed of 3000r/min, standing for 2 hours, filtering, and rotary evaporating and drying to obtain quinoa extract;
(2) Mixing wormcast and water according to a mass ratio of 1:20, stirring for 30min, standing for 2 hours, and taking supernatant to obtain wormcast leaching solution;
(3) Mixing quinoa extract, wormcast leaching solution, salicylic acid and water.
The quinoa extract, wormcast leaching liquid, salicylic acid and water are mixed according to the ratio of 1:30:5:70 mass percent is added into a stirrer to be stirred and mixed at a rotating speed of 500 r/min.
The foliar fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2 parts of boric acid, 0.2 part of sodium molybdate, 8 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2 parts of fulvic acid and 60 parts of water.
The weight ratio of the sodium molybdate to the fulvic acid is 1:10.
The usage amount of the foliar fertilizer is 42 kg/mu.
Example 3
A cultivation method for improving stress resistance of wheat comprises the following steps:
(1) After harvesting the previous crop, directly carrying out straw crushing and soil turning treatment, uniformly mixing the crushed straw with soil, uniformly spraying humus soil leaching liquid into the field, placing the field for 30 days by using a film, then lifting the film, turning soil once, and applying organic fertilizer;
the preparation method of the humus soil leaching solution comprises the following steps: mixing humus soil and water according to a mass ratio of 1:10, stirring for 1 hour, standing for 1 hour, and taking supernatant to obtain humus soil leaching liquid;
(2) Sprouting wheat seeds, sowing the sprouted wheat in the field, and irrigating and draining water according to the soil moisture content in the later period;
(3) Irrigating the root of the wheat for 6 times at intervals of 3 days at the beginning of the tillering stage of the wheat by using the stress-resistant composite liquid according to the amount of 72 kg/mu;
(4) And spraying a foliar fertilizer once in the wheat green-returning period until the wheat is ripe, and harvesting.
The organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 300 parts of decomposed cow dung, 50 parts of humus soil, 30 parts of pretreated waste flammulina velutipes fungus residues, 20 parts of pine needle powder and 18 parts of plant ash.
The preparation method of the pretreated waste flammulina velutipes fungus residues comprises the following steps:
placing the waste flammulina velutipes fungus residues in a constant temperature environment at 30 ℃, adding the crushed mulberry wood powder into the waste flammulina velutipes fungus residues, uniformly stirring, adding the aldehydic residues, uniformly stirring again, regulating the humidity to 50%, and standing at constant temperature for 10 hours.
The germination accelerating treatment comprises the following steps: selecting wheat seeds with full grains and no damage or plant diseases and insect pests, and soaking the wheat seeds in warm water at 35 ℃ until more than 90% of the wheat seeds are exposed to white.
The preparation method of the stress-resistant composite liquid comprises the following steps:
(1) Pulverizing quinoa leaf, mixing ethanol solution according to a mass ratio of 1:10, stirring for 40min at a rotating speed of 3000r/min, standing for 2 hours, filtering, and rotary evaporating and drying to obtain quinoa extract;
(2) Mixing wormcast and water according to a mass ratio of 1:20, stirring for 30min, standing for 2 hours, and taking supernatant to obtain wormcast leaching solution;
(3) Mixing quinoa extract, wormcast leaching solution, salicylic acid and water.
The quinoa extract, wormcast leaching liquid, salicylic acid and water are mixed according to the ratio of 1:30:5:70 mass percent is added into a stirrer to be stirred and mixed at a rotating speed of 500 r/min.
The foliar fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2 parts of boric acid, 0.3 part of sodium molybdate, 8 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 3 parts of fulvic acid and 60 parts of water.
The weight ratio of the sodium molybdate to the fulvic acid is 1:10.
The usage amount of the foliar fertilizer is 45 kg/mu.
Comparative example 1: the difference from example 1 is that the stress-resistant composite liquid is replaced by clear water.
Comparative example 2: the difference from example 1 is that no quinoa extract was added to the stress-resistant complex.
Comparative example 3: the difference from example 1 is that the wormcast leaching solution is replaced by clear water in the stress-resistant composite solution.
Experiment
In the same test field, 6 areas with the same area are divided equally, wheat is cultivated according to the methods of the example and the comparative example, the activities of antioxidant hydrogenase of each group of wheat are compared, and the experimental results are shown in table 1;
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the stress resistance compound liquid prepared in the cultivation method of the invention can obviously improve the activity of the antioxidant enzyme of the wheat, thereby improving the stress resistance of the wheat.
Continuing the above experiment, the thousand grain weights of wheat harvested by the comparative examples and comparative example methods, and the experimental results are shown in table 2;
TABLE 2
| Thousand grain weight/g | |
| Example 1 | 42.3 |
| Example 2 | 42.0 |
| Example 3 | 42.4 |
| Comparative example 1 | 32.8 |
| Comparative example 2 | 36.4 |
| Comparative example 3 | 39.7 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the thousand kernel weight of wheat harvested by the cultivation method of the present invention is significantly increased.
The wheat leaf area indexes of each group of the examples and the comparative examples are tested during the jointing period and compared with each other:
TABLE 3 Table 3
| Leaf area index/LAI | |
| Example 1 | 0.75 |
| Example 2 | 0.73 |
| Example 3 | 0.78 |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.57 |
| Comparative example 2 | 0.62 |
| Comparative example 3 | 0.68 |
As can be seen from Table 3, the cultivation method of the present invention has an obvious effect of improving the leaf area index of wheat in the jointing stage, which indicates that the cultivation method of the present invention can promote the growth of wheat.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims, but rather by the description of the preferred embodiments, all changes and modifications that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (5)
1. A cultivation method for improving stress resistance of wheat is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) After harvesting the previous crop, directly carrying out straw crushing and soil turning treatment, uniformly mixing the crushed straw with soil, uniformly spraying humus soil leaching liquid into the field, placing the field for 20-30 days by using a film, then lifting the film, turning soil once, and applying organic fertilizer;
the preparation method of the humus soil leaching solution comprises the following steps: mixing humus soil and water according to a mass ratio of 1:10, stirring for 1 hour, standing for 1 hour, and taking supernatant to obtain humus soil leaching liquid;
(2) Sprouting wheat seeds, sowing the sprouted wheat in the field, and irrigating and draining water according to the soil moisture content in the later period;
(3) Irrigating the root of the wheat for 5-6 times at intervals of 3 days at the beginning of the tillering stage of the wheat by using stress-resistant composite liquid according to the amount of 60-72 kg/mu;
(4) Spraying a foliar fertilizer once in the wheat green-returning period until the wheat is ripe, and harvesting;
the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 200-300 parts of decomposed cow dung, 30-50 parts of humus soil, 25-30 parts of pretreated waste flammulina velutipes residues, 15-20 parts of pine needle powder and 12-18 parts of plant ash;
the preparation method of the pretreated waste flammulina velutipes fungus residues comprises the following steps:
placing the waste flammulina velutipes fungus residues in a constant temperature environment at 30 ℃, adding crushed mulberry wood powder into the waste flammulina velutipes fungus residues, uniformly stirring, adding aldehydic residues, uniformly stirring again, regulating the humidity to 50%, and standing at constant temperature for 10 hours;
the germination accelerating treatment comprises the following steps: selecting wheat seeds with full grains and no damage or plant diseases and insect pests, soaking the wheat seeds in warm water at 35 ℃ until more than 90% of the wheat seeds are exposed to white;
the preparation method of the stress-resistant composite liquid comprises the following steps:
(1) Pulverizing quinoa leaf, mixing ethanol solution according to a mass ratio of 1:10, stirring for 40min at a rotating speed of 3000r/min, standing for 2 hours, filtering, and rotary evaporating and drying to obtain quinoa extract;
(2) Mixing wormcast and water according to a mass ratio of 1:20, stirring for 30min, standing for 2 hours, and taking supernatant to obtain wormcast leaching solution;
(3) Mixing quinoa extract, wormcast leaching solution, salicylic acid and water.
2. The cultivation method for improving stress resistance of wheat according to claim 1, wherein: the quinoa extract, wormcast leaching liquid, salicylic acid and water are mixed according to the ratio of 1:30:5:70 mass percent is added into a stirrer to be stirred and mixed at a rotating speed of 500 r/min.
3. The cultivation method for improving stress resistance of wheat according to claim 2, wherein: the foliar fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2 parts of boric acid, 0.1 to 0.3 part of sodium molybdate, 8 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1 to 3 parts of fulvic acid and 60 parts of water.
4. A cultivation method for improving stress resistance of wheat according to claim 3, wherein: the weight ratio of the sodium molybdate to the fulvic acid is 1:10.
5. A cultivation method for improving stress resistance of wheat according to claim 3, wherein: the usage amount of the foliar fertilizer is 40-45 kg/mu.
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