CN1759651A - Optimized technique of fertilization of lagging nitrogen fertilizer for paddy rice in cold farmland - Google Patents
Optimized technique of fertilization of lagging nitrogen fertilizer for paddy rice in cold farmland Download PDFInfo
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- CN1759651A CN1759651A CN 200510010514 CN200510010514A CN1759651A CN 1759651 A CN1759651 A CN 1759651A CN 200510010514 CN200510010514 CN 200510010514 CN 200510010514 A CN200510010514 A CN 200510010514A CN 1759651 A CN1759651 A CN 1759651A
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Abstract
An optimized fertilizer application technique for paddy rice in cold region features that the N fertilizer applied in early phase is decreased and the N fertilizer applied in later phase is increased for increasing yield and improving quality. The percentages of the N fertilizer applied in different stages are 45% for base fertilizer, 20% in early tiller stage, 15% for young ear differentiating stage and 20% for reduction division stage.
Description
(1) technical field
What the present invention relates to is the fertilizing method of a kind of crops, specifically a kind of fertilizing method at paddy rice in cold region.
(2) background technology
Paddy rice is a kind of staple food crop, and Heilongjiang Province's paddy rice cultivated area had reached 2,800 ten thousand mu in 2005, and the trend that makes further progress.Rice Production and China's grain security problem are in close relations, update the fertilization of rice technology, are the fertility of protection blackland, improve the also main path of stabilization of rice output, are the key issues of agricultural sustainable development, also are the important assurances of grain security.
China northeast is located in cold ground, though soil total nutrient content is higher, because early stage, temperature was lower, traditional fertilization of rice technology all emphasizes to promote the early growth and quick tiller of tillering, and payes attention to the fertilising in early stage, and especially mistaken ideas are bigger in the using of tillering fertilizer.A large amount of nitrogenous fertilizer is mainly used in fertility in earlier stage in traditional fertilization mode, reaches more than 90% of nitrogen pool, and this fertilization mode causes rice ineffective tillering to increase, and early stage, paddy growth was prosperous excessively, and colony quality worsens, and disease increases the weight of.And late growth stage it is generally acknowledged that soil temperature is higher, and the nutrient mineralising discharges fast, does not need fertilising.In addition, it is remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing that professional of agriculture and rice farming worry that the later stage fertilising can cause, and dare not apply fertilizer at late growth stage of rice, and this makes and late growth stage of rice nutrient deficiency causes root system early ageing, the ripening rate reduction, and thousand kernel weight descends, and output is not high, and rice quality descends.
The patent applicant finds by test, paddy rice is remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing mainly since vegetative growth phase nitrogen too much cause.Vegetative growth phase nitrogenous fertilizer the paddy rice new root is significantly increased, and the basic element of cell division is synthetic at the tip of a root of new root just.The secretion of a large amount of basic elements of cell division increases rice ineffective tillering, and it is prosperous to nourish and grow, and whole growing postpones, and causes the remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing of paddy rice.Change the reproductive growth after date over to, the nitrogenous fertilizer of using is mainly used in and promotes that paddy rice blossoms and bears fruit, and can not cause remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing.Otherwise but, can improve the root system vigor, strengthen the photosynthetic capacity of blade, guarantee that seed forms the phase to nutrient demand, thereby improved the paddy rice ripening rate, increase thousand kernel weight because sufficient nitrogen supply is arranged.
On the basis of above-mentioned research, the patent applicant has proposed the fertilization theory that moves behind the nitrogenous fertilizer, and through the multiple spot test, has verified its correctness and feasibility, has formed this fertilizer practice.
(3) summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of on the basis of International Rice Research Institute's rice nutrient resource integrated management technology, revise, improve according to characteristics such as cold ground soil, weather, main cultivated rice cultivars, can stablely increase rice yield, improve rice quality, improve simultaneously all kinds of nutrientuse efficiencies greatly, increase the optimized technique of fertilization of lagging nitrogen fertilizer for paddy rice in cold farmland of Rice Production economic benefit.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: according to the paddy rice different growing nitrogenous fertilizer requirement is distributed nitrogenous fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer amount that reduces early stage moves behind the suitable nitrogenous fertilizer, and especially meiosis stage, amount of nitrogen reached 20% of total amount.Thereby in each stage of paddy growth, realize that base manure accounts for 45%, the early tillering stage accounts for 20%, and panicle spike primordium differentiation stage accounts for 15%, accounts for 20% nitrogen fertilizer amount distribution meiosis stage.
The grow fertilization type and the quantity in each stage of rice cropping is assigned as, and wherein nitrogenous fertilizer is to be with P in N, phosphate fertilizer
2O
5Meter, potash fertilizer are with K
2O meter: base manure: nitrogen 40-50kg ha
-1, phosphorus 25-30kgha
-1, potassium 30-45kg ha
-1, the early tillering stage: nitrogen 20-25kg ha
-1, panicle spike primordium differentiation stage nitrogen 15 ± 5kg ha
-1, potassium 30-45kg ha
-1, meiosis stage: nitrogen 20 ± 10kg ha
-1
Wherein panicle spike primordium differentiation stage, meiosis stage determines that measuring on the paddy rice several first by the chlorophyll instrument launches fully that the shown reading SPAD of leaf divides, at panicle spike primordium differentiation stage, when SPAD＜38, execute 20kg N/ha, when 38＜SPAD＜40, execute 15kg N/ha, when SPAD＞40, execute 10kg N/ha; In meiosis stage, when SPAD＜38, execute 30kg N/ha, when 38＜SPAD＜40, execute 20kg N/ha, when SPAD＞40, execute 10kg N/ha.
The present invention is directed to too high this outstanding problem of rice farming traditional fertilization method mid-early stage proportion of nitrogen fertilizer, according to the paddy rice different growing nitrogenous fertilizer requirement is distributed nitrogenous fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer amount that reduces early stage, move behind the suitable nitrogenous fertilizer, use 15% of total nitrogenous fertilizer consumption in the rice young panicle idiophase, especially meiosis stage nitrogen fertilizer amount account for 20% of total amount.Thereby make fertilization of rice period and paddy rice regulation of fertilizer requirement consistent, in earlier stage have suitable tiller number with the assurance paddy rice, and colony is only prosperous, improves the colony quality of paddy rice, can guarantee again to satisfy paddy rice to nutrient demand, improve the root system vigor of paddy rice at late growth stage.This fertilization mode, people do not occur and worried because of the later stage fertilising makes the remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing problem of paddy rice, but can promote the paddy rice stalk maturation of living on the contrary, significantly increase thousand kernel weight and utilization rate of fertilizer, improve rice yield.And peasant household's traditional fertilization mode, fertilizer mainly concentrates on early stage, and this moment, paddy rice absorbed the nutrient ability, and fertilizer loss is many, and waste is serious, simultaneously, causes paddy rice to shade mutually, and colony quality descends, and disease and lodging easily take place.
This technology also has the advantage of many technological synthesis except that the originality with self.At first, fertilization of rice is extremely remarkable to the fertilization effect influence period.Identical rice varieties, different year fertilization effect same date may be completely contradicted, and may significantly increase production last year, and next year is the significantly underproduction again.Therefore the researcher is applied to paddy rice leaf age technology by this technology, can accurately to grasp the paddy rice growthdevelopmental stage, thereby accurately grasp fertilizing time on the cold ground 11-14 sheet leaf rice varieties.
Secondly, for a long time, determining of paddy rice in cold region topdressing amount is by experience or conventional nutrient diagnosis technology always, bears the character of much blindness, and is difficult for using.And the researcher is by chlorophyll instrument or leaf colour atla quick diagnosis paddy rice nitrogen content, and obtained the chlorophyll instrument and the leaf colour atla critical value of paddy rice in cold region nitrogen fertilizer application, instructs rice young panicle idiophase and meiosis stage to topdress in view of the above, thereby can guarantee the accurate quantity that topdresses.
The 3rd, for a long time, the peasant lacks a kind of technology of simple definite fertilizer total amount, the comprehensive prior art both at home and abroad of researcher, find that the ability of utilizing the fertile district of nothing output to estimate soil supply nutrient is a kind of simple method, this has also comprised the nitrogen in rainfall, irrigation and other sources for the actual Soil Nitrogen Supplying that comprised of nitrogen power, and more simple soil testing and fertilizer recommendation is more realistic.Simultaneously, do not need special instrument and equipment.Each peasant household does not execute nitrogen manure as long as reserve an area down on the farm, measures the output of this sub-district, just can understand the ability that soil is supplied this nutrient, can determine total fertile amount according to target output, again in conjunction with top dressing technique, can reach the quantitatively accurate of total amount.
(4) embodiment
For a more detailed description to the present invention for example below:
Rice cropping is grown the nitrogen fertilizer amount in each stage according to base manure 45%, the early tillering stage 20%, and panicle spike primordium differentiation stage 15%, the ratio of meiosis stage 20% distributes.Wherein base manure is before the span rice transplanting 5-7 days, and the early tillering stage is meant after the rice transplanting 5-7 days, and panicle spike primordium differentiation stage is meant after the rice transplanting 35-40 days, this moment the leaf age remainder for falling 3.5 leaves, be meant after the rice transplanting 55-60 days meiosis stage, this moment, the leaf age remainder was for falling 0.5 leaf.
Peasant household reserves 30m in paddy field
2Area, identical with the management in other rice fields, but nitrogen fertilizer application not, phosphorus potash fertilizer is normally used, the results back is surveyed and is produced, and with the difference of target output, multiply by paddy amount of nitrogen sucking 17.5kg per ton again, can calculate the nitrogenous fertilizer dosage.General this consumption is N 90-120kgha
-1Account for 45% of nitrogen pool by the base manure amount: i.e. nitrogenous fertilizer 40-50kg ha
-1, phosphate fertilizer 70kg ha
-1, potash fertilizer 45kg ha
-1, early tillering stage nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for 20% of nitrogen pool: i.e. nitrogenous fertilizer 20-25kg ha
-1
During transplanting,, select paddy rice 5 strains of tool The mean tillering, the mark leaf age in the field.When falling 3.5 leaves, i.e. panicle spike primordium differentiation stage is measured on the paddy rice several first by the chlorophyll instrument and is launched the shown SPAD reading of leaf fully to the leaf age remainder, when SPAD＜38, execute 20kg N/ha, when 38＜SPAD＜40, execute 15kg N/ha, when SPAD＞40, execute 10kg N/ha; Same, when the leaf age remainder when falling 0.5 leaf, i.e. meiosis stage when SPAD＜38, execute 30kgN/ha, when 38＜SPAD＜40, execute 20kg N/ha, when SPAD＞40, execute 10kg N/ha.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of optimized technique of fertilization of lagging nitrogen fertilizer for paddy rice in cold farmland is characterized in that: the grow nitrogen fertilizer amount in each stage of rice cropping is distributed as: base manure 45%, early tillering stage 20%, panicle spike primordium differentiation stage 15%, meiosis stage 20%.
2, optimized technique of fertilization of lagging nitrogen fertilizer for paddy rice in cold farmland according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the fertilization type in each stage of paddy growth and distributed number be, wherein nitrogenous fertilizer is to be with P in N, phosphate fertilizer
2O
5Meter, potash fertilizer are with K
2O meter: base manure: nitrogen 40-50kg ha
-1, phosphorus 25-30kgha
-1, potassium 30-45kg ha
-1, the early tillering stage: nitrogen 20-25kg ha
-1, panicle spike primordium differentiation stage nitrogen 15 ± 5kg ha
-1, potassium 30-45kg ha
-1, meiosis stage: nitrogen 20 ± 10kg ha
-1
3, optimized technique of fertilization of lagging nitrogen fertilizer for paddy rice in cold farmland according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: wherein panicle spike primordium differentiation stage, meiosis stage nitrogen fertilizer amount determine that measuring on the paddy rice several first by the chlorophyll instrument launches fully that the shown SPAD value of leaf divides, at panicle spike primordium differentiation stage, when SPAD＜38, execute 20kg N/ha, when 38＜SPAD＜40, execute 15kg N/ha, when SPAD＞40, execute 10kg N/ha; In meiosis stage, when SPAD＜38, execute 30kgN/ha, when 38＜SPAD＜40, execute 20kg N/ha, when SPAD＞40, execute 10kg N/ha.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101558726B (en) * | 2009-05-04 | 2011-11-16 | 马启铧 | Environmentally friendly yield-increasing cultivation method of hybrid middle-season rice |
| CN102603397A (en) * | 2012-02-03 | 2012-07-25 | 六安亿牛乳业有限公司 | Special fertilizer composition for super hybrid rice Y Liangyou No.2 |
| CN103518450A (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2014-01-22 | 湖南省水稻研究所 | Earing fertilizer application method for paddy rice large-area balanced yield increase |
| CN104094808A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-10-15 | 临沂同德农业科技开发有限公司 | Cultivation method for Koshihikari rice |
| CN104285573A (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2015-01-21 | 何文 | Crop phosphate fertilizer application technology for improving phosphate fertilizer utilization rate |
| CN106069445A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-11-09 | 苏州市农业科学院 | A kind of fertilizer irrigation method promoting Oryza sativa L. Floret differentiation to reduce degeneration |
| CN106171222A (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2016-12-07 | 扬州大学 | A kind of method according to Rice Leaf color relative value's Nitrogen Top Dressing |
| CN109089790A (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2018-12-28 | 河北农业大学 | Method for diagnosing water and fertilizer application time by utilizing wheat spring 3 and 4 leaf SPAD values |
| CN109328594A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-02-15 | 大连民族大学 | A method of improving utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer |
| CN109511501A (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2019-03-26 | 山东首印生态环境工程有限公司 | A kind of water of high-yield rice, fertilizer, medicine exempt to discharge implantation methods |
Families Citing this family (1)
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| CN108901288B (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2020-09-18 | 福建农林大学 | Nitrogen fertilizer application method for improving maturing rate and yield of large-ear rice in late stage of grouting |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1010544B (en) * | 1986-12-30 | 1990-11-28 | 航空工业部六○二研究所 | Determination of soil fertility and optimization for manure-applying |
| CN1258659A (en) * | 1998-12-29 | 2000-07-05 | 湖南农业大学 | Once whole-layer fertilizer applying method for double-harvest rice and the special fertilizer compounding process |
-
2005
- 2005-11-09 CN CNB2005100105146A patent/CN100413396C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101558726B (en) * | 2009-05-04 | 2011-11-16 | 马启铧 | Environmentally friendly yield-increasing cultivation method of hybrid middle-season rice |
| CN102603397A (en) * | 2012-02-03 | 2012-07-25 | 六安亿牛乳业有限公司 | Special fertilizer composition for super hybrid rice Y Liangyou No.2 |
| CN103518450B (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2014-11-05 | 湖南省水稻研究所 | Earing fertilizer application method for paddy rice large-area balanced yield increase |
| CN103518450A (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2014-01-22 | 湖南省水稻研究所 | Earing fertilizer application method for paddy rice large-area balanced yield increase |
| CN104094808B (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2016-03-09 | 临沂同德农业科技开发有限公司 | The cultivation method of a kind of more light paddy rice |
| CN104094808A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-10-15 | 临沂同德农业科技开发有限公司 | Cultivation method for Koshihikari rice |
| CN104285573A (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2015-01-21 | 何文 | Crop phosphate fertilizer application technology for improving phosphate fertilizer utilization rate |
| CN104285573B (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2016-09-14 | 何文 | A kind of crops phosphate fertilizer method improving phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency |
| CN106069445A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-11-09 | 苏州市农业科学院 | A kind of fertilizer irrigation method promoting Oryza sativa L. Floret differentiation to reduce degeneration |
| CN106171222A (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2016-12-07 | 扬州大学 | A kind of method according to Rice Leaf color relative value's Nitrogen Top Dressing |
| CN106171222B (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2019-07-19 | 扬州大学 | A method of according to Rice Leaf color relative value Nitrogen Top Dressing |
| CN109089790A (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2018-12-28 | 河北农业大学 | Method for diagnosing water and fertilizer application time by utilizing wheat spring 3 and 4 leaf SPAD values |
| CN109328594A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-02-15 | 大连民族大学 | A method of improving utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer |
| CN109511501A (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2019-03-26 | 山东首印生态环境工程有限公司 | A kind of water of high-yield rice, fertilizer, medicine exempt to discharge implantation methods |
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| CN100413396C (en) | 2008-08-27 |
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