CN107173015A - A kind of vegetable plot nutrient emission reduction and the method for improving vegetables commodity property - Google Patents
A kind of vegetable plot nutrient emission reduction and the method for improving vegetables commodity property Download PDFInfo
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- CN107173015A CN107173015A CN201710451143.8A CN201710451143A CN107173015A CN 107173015 A CN107173015 A CN 107173015A CN 201710451143 A CN201710451143 A CN 201710451143A CN 107173015 A CN107173015 A CN 107173015A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of vegetable plot nutrient emission reduction and the method for improvement vegetables commodity property, belong to agricultural non-point source pollution control and vegetables production technical field.The effect that appropriate wheat straw charcoal technology reaches the emission reduction of vegetable soil runoff nitrogen phosphorus nutrient, vegetables stable yields and improvement vegetables commodity property is applied specifically applying fertilizer and matching somebody with somebody with organic fertilizer by decrement.Vegetable plot runoff water nitrogen, phosphorus concentration can be significantly reduced respectively up to 13.95% 23.68% and 34.81%~52.44% using this technology, nitrogen in vegetables breeding time, phosphorus Loss in Runoff amount is substantially reduced respectively up to 13.95% 23.68% and 34.81%~52.44%.Significantly reduce vegetable plot nitrogen, phosphorus Loss in Runoff risk simultaneously.Further, vegetables stable yields can be maintained using the technology, wilfully force of labor significantly improves 24.39% 28.98% to wild cabbage nitrogen, and cabbage head spherical index significantly improves 6.17%~7.41%, significantly improves vegetables commodity property.
Description
Technical field：
The present invention relates to a kind of vegetable plot nutrient emission reduction and the method for improvement vegetables commodity property, belong to agricultural non-point source pollution control
System and vegetables production technical field.
Background technology：
Vegetable field is one of important Land-Use of Taihu Lake basin.In recent years, with agricultural industry policy energetically
Support the continuous lifting with economic benefit, vegetable cultivation area continuous enlargement.According to statistics, Jiangsu Province's vegetable cultivation area in 2013
About 1.36 × 106hm2, account for cultivated area ratio and weigh about 28.95%, wherein, outdoor vegetable cultivated area accounts for vegetable cultivation area
56.52%.In vegetables production process, vegetable grower often applies excess fertilizer to pursue higher yield of vegetables and economic benefit, no
The significant wastage of nutrients resource is only caused, and fertilizer continues excessive administration and Soil Nutrients in Farmland surplus and load can be caused to increase
Plus, and then the potential risk that soil nutrient is discharged by approach such as rainwash or subrosions to surface water body certainly will be increased.
It is well known that it is to cause the one of the main reasons of body eutrophication that the content of nitrogen and phosphorous is too high, and farmland N and P losses are that its is heavy
Want pollution of area source source.It is estimated that agricultural area source discharges nitrogen, phosphorus element to the contribution rate of Taihu Lake water body respectively up to 37.5% and
15.1%, wherein Agricultural land loss amount opposite source genes’ contamination ratio respectively about 60% and 20%.Further, relevant report shows, too
The industrial crops such as lake basin vegetables, fruit tree and flowers farmland (15%-35% for accounting for the gross area) is to the basin water eutrophication
The field crops such as rice wheat of the contribution rate of change with accounting for the farmland gross area 70% are substantially suitable.It can be seen that, unit area is passed through in the basin
Farmland nutrient Loss in Runoff amount help far above field crops such as rice wheats.Therefore, vegetable field Soil Nutrients in Farmland runoff is set up
Emission-reduction technology system is significant for Taihu Lake basin water body ecological environment sustainable health development.
In recent years, numerous scientific workers develop multiple technologies way for how to mitigate vegetable field agricultural non -point pollution
Footpath, mainly including biological control measure, physical-chemical measure, engineering measure or aggregate measures etc., and has carried out the examination of small range field
Test, also achieve preliminary actively effect.Vegetable plot can effectively be reduced using the technology such as artificial ecology irrigation canals and ditches or vegetation interception/buffer strip
Farmland nitrogen, phosphorus nutrient runoff loss are up to 42%~91% and 30%~92%, but construction and regular maintenance are relatively complicated, and irrigation canals and ditches
Harvest does not have the potential risk of secondary pollution to middle long-term cropping or straw cord crop in time.Change using desulfurated plaster or aluminum sulfate etc.
, may be right if a large amount of or chronic administration although vegetable field soil rainwash phosphorus loss can effectively be reduced by learning additive
Vegetable field soil physicochemical character has undesirable effect, and then influences Quality and biomass of vegetables.Vegetable plot field application charcoal can pass through
Regulation nitration and opposite nitration and nutrients release process etc. extenuate nitrogen loss, but a large amount of even excess applications (up to 4.0 ×
104kg·hm-2) crop nutrition content may be absorbed and farmland ecological environment causes potential negative effect.
The content of the invention：
Technical problem：
The present invention provides a kind of side for reducing vegetable soil nitrogen, phosphorus nutrient runoff loss and improvement vegetables commodity property
Method, the technology can reduce vegetable field soil nitrogen, phosphorus runoff loss, mitigate vegetable plot agricultural non -point pollution, and can maintain vegetables stable yields, change
Kind vegetables commodity property, improves vegetable plot production economy benefit.
Technical scheme：
A kind of vegetable plot nutrient emission reduction and the method for improving vegetables commodity property, it is characterised in that：In vegetables production process, often
Stubble fertilising 2 times, nitrogen fertilizer application 262.65kghm in terms of pure N-2With phosphate fertilizer with P2O5Count 182.55kghm-2, base manure nitrogen amount of application
The 73.73% of anniversary amount of application is accounted for, phosphate fertilizer whole base is applied；On the day of vegetable field site preparation and administration base manure, base manure is organic with pig manure
Fertilizer, composite fertilizer and wheat straw charcoal form apply vegetable plot, are sufficiently mixed with vegetable plot arable layer 0-20cm soil, organic fertilizer and compound
Fertile consumption is respectively 1.13 × 104kg·hm-2And 525kghm-2, wheat straw charcoal amount of application is the 20% of Rate of Organic Fertilizer,
I.e. 2.25 × 103kg·hm-2。
The Swine manure is:Moisture content, 23.8%, N, 1.34%, P2O5, 1.21%, K2O, 1.96%；Composite fertilizer
For:Potassium sulfate type, N, 15%, P2O5, 15%, K2O, 15%；Wheat straw charcoal is:PH, 9.18, N, 0.50%, P2O5,
0.06%th, K2O, 2.60%, organic carbon, 46.70%.
The surface drilling 1 time during vegetables commodity orga- nogenesis, is applied with the form of urea of N >=46%.
Draining during opening " well " type gutter after the fertilising of vegetable plot so as to rainfall, a row is issued in field at interval of 1.5-2.0m
Ditch, draining furrow width 20cm, deep 15cm, prevents vegetable plot ponding.
Ripe forward type spring wild cabbage " spring dormancy " during vegetable variety is used.
In vegetables production process, conventional field management, site preparation, apply fertilizer, ditch, shield of watering educate and the operation of the field such as plant protection with
Peasant household's habituation mode of production is consistent, and is conventional method.
Beneficial effect：
1st, the present invention reaches vegetable with applying appropriate wheat straw charcoal technology by the fertilising of vegetables time of infertility decrement with organic fertilizer
The emission reduction of vegetable field soil runoff nitrogen phosphorus nutrient, the effect for maintaining vegetables stable yields and improvement vegetables commodity property, easy to operate, effect shows
Write.
2nd, vegetable plot is significantly reduced with applying appropriate wheat straw charcoal technology with organic fertilizer using the fertilising of vegetables time of infertility decrement
Runoff water nitrogen, phosphorus concentration are substantially reduced in vegetables breeding time respectively up to 13.95%~23.68% and 34.81%~52.44%
Nitrogen, phosphorus Loss in Runoff amount are respectively up to 13.95%~23.68% and 34.81%~52.44%.Meanwhile, significantly dropped using this technology
Low vegetable field nitrogen, phosphorus balance surplus amount are respectively up to 45.94~62.99 and 54.40~54.50kghm-2, the range of decrease reaches respectively
29.03%~39.81% and 29.80%~29.85%, significantly reduce vegetable plot nitrogen, phosphorus Loss in Runoff risk.Further, use
The technology can maintain vegetables stable yields, and wilfully force of labor significantly improves 24.39%~28.98% to wild cabbage nitrogen, and cabbage head is spherical to be referred to
Number significantly improves 6.17%~7.41%, significantly improves vegetables commodity property.
Embodiment：
By taking Nanjing Lishui area Baima town proving ground vegetables production instance as an example：
This testing site is located at (31 ° of Nanjing Lishui County Baima town Jiangsu Province Agriculture Science Institute plant science base
36 ' N, 119 ° of 11 ' E), positioned at Nanjing Lishui County southeast, belong to transition region of the north subtropical to middle subtropical zone, average annual temperature is about
15.5 DEG C, average annual sunshine 2145.8h, average annual rainfall 1036.9mm, frost-free period in year 237d.Experimental plot soil belongs to Baijiang soil, 0~
The basic physicochemical character of 20cm soil layer soil is：pH(H2O,1:5) 6.21, organic matter (gkg-1) 16.62, full N (gkg-1)
0.87, full P (gkg-1) 0.24, available nitrogen (mgkg-1) 35.16, rapid available phosphorus (mgkg-1) 11.84, available potassium (mg
kg-1)89.23.Test period is the vegetable growth season in October, 2014 in May, 2015, vegetable variety ripe forward type spring in being
Wild cabbage " spring dormancy ", conventional seedbed system is transplanted, and seedling age is mature, and plantation specification is 40cm × 30cm, per 1 plant of cave.Per season experimental plot area
At least 200m2, with peasant household's habituation production (habituation is applied fertilizer) for control.Experiment sets three repetitions.
Peasant household's habituation mode of production is, on the day of vegetable field site preparation, makees using Swine manure and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer
For base manure, organic fertilizer and composite fertilizer's consumption are respectively 1.50 × 104And 750kghm-2.In vegetables production process, 2 are typically applied fertilizer
It is secondary, nitrogen fertilizer application (pure N) about 403.65kghm-2With phosphate fertilizer (with P2O5Meter) 250.54kghm-2, base manure nitrogen amount of application accounts for the anniversary
The 65.81% of amount of application, phosphate fertilizer whole base is applied.Base manure with Swine manure (agriculture and animal husbandry tomorrow Science and Technology Ltd. of Jiangsu Province produce,
Moisture content, 23.8%；N, 1.34%；P2O5, 1.21%；K2O, 1.96%), (Anhui Si Erte Fei Ye Co., Ltds go out for composite fertilizer
Product, potassium sulfate type, N, 15%；P2O5, 15%；K2O, 15%) etc. form apply vegetable plot, with vegetable plot arable layer (0-20cm) soil
Be sufficiently mixed, wild cabbage commodity organ (leaf-head) formation during surface drilling, with urea (Henan XInlianxin Fertiliser Limited Company,
" heart linked to heart " board urea, the form of N >=46%) is applied.According to production size after the fertilising of vegetables season, " well " type is opened in vegetable plot
Gutter so as to rainfall during draining, prevent vegetable plot ponding, and then influence vegetables normal growth and development.General field at interval of
1.5~2.0m issues a bar ditch, draining furrow width about 20cm, deep about 15cm.
The present invention is in vegetable field site preparation and base manure applies the same day, and Swine manure is sufficiently mixed with appropriate wheat straw charcoal
After apply vegetable plot, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is administered simultaneously as base manure, organic fertilizer and composite fertilizer's consumption are produced compared with peasant household's habituation
Reduce 25%, respectively 1.13 × 104kg·hm-2And 525kghm-2, wheat straw charcoal amount of application is Rate of Organic Fertilizer
20%, i.e., 2.25 × 103kg·hm-2。
In vegetables production process, general every batch is applied fertilizer 2 times, nitrogen fertilizer application (pure N) about 262.65kghm-2With phosphate fertilizer (with
P2O5Meter) 182.55kghm-2, base manure nitrogen amount of application accounts for the 73.73% of anniversary amount of application, and phosphate fertilizer whole bases are applied.
With Swine manure, (agriculture and animal husbandry tomorrow Science and Technology Ltd. of Jiangsu Province produces base manure, moisture content, 23.8%；N,
1.34%；P2O5, 1.21%；K2O, 1.96%), composite fertilizer (Anhui Si Erte Fei Ye Co., Ltds produce, potassium sulfate type, N,
15%；P2O5, 15%；K2O, 15%), wheat straw charcoal (the sharp New Energy Corporation's production in Henan three, pH, 9.18；N, 0.50%；
P2O5, 0.06%；K2O, 2.60%；Organic carbon, 46.70%) etc. form apply vegetable plot, with vegetable plot arable layer (0-20cm) soil
It is sufficiently mixed, in cabbage head expanding stage surface drilling, with urea (Henan XInlianxin Fertiliser Limited Company, " heart linked to heart " board urine
Element, the form of N >=46%) is applied.
According to production size after fertilising, draining during " well " type gutter is opened in vegetable plot so as to rainfall prevents vegetable plot
Ponding, and then influence vegetables normal growth and development.A bar ditch are issued in general field at interval of 1.5~2.0m, and draining furrow width is about
20cm, deep about 15cm.
In vegetables production process, site preparation, apply fertilizer, ditch, shield of watering educate and the operation of the field such as plant protection and peasant household habituation it is raw
Production mode is consistent, and is conventional method.
The specific experiment that vegetable field agricultural land soil runoff nitrogen, phosphorus nutrient emission reduction effect, quantitative effect and commodity property improve
As a result it is explained with reference to following instance：
Example 1：Vegetable field agricultural land soil runoff nitrogen, phosphorus nutrient emission reduction effect
By taking 2014~2015 years pilot productions as an example：
Under the conditions of peasant household's habituation production management (habituation fertilising, conventional field management), vegetable field runoff water nitrogen, phosphorus are dense
Degree, nitrogen, phosphorus Loss in Runoff amount and vegetable plot nitrogen, phosphorus balance surplus amount are respectively 27.56mgL-1、0.38mg·L-1、
47.66kg·hm-2、0.66kg·hm-2、158.24kg·hm-2And 182.56kghm-2.Applied using vegetables time of infertility decrement
Fertilizer can substantially reduce vegetable plot nitrogen, phosphorus runoff loss (table 1) with applying appropriate wheat straw charcoal technology with organic fertilizer.Runoff water nitrogen,
Phosphorus nutrient density is the main composition factor of agricultural land soil nitrogen, phosphorus runoff loss, using the fertilising of time of infertility decrement and organic fertilizer
Vegetable plot runoff water nitrogen concentration (runoff in multiple runoff process in the time of infertility can be significantly reduced with appropriate wheat straw charcoal technology is applied
Water nitrogen concentration weighted average) up to 13.95% and 23.68%, significantly reduce vegetable plot runoff water phosphorus concentration (in the time of infertility repeatedly
Runoff water phosphorus concentration weighted average in runoff process) up to 34.81% and 52.44%；Runoff water N and P losses amount is to characterize dish
The key index of ground Soil Nitrogen, phosphorus linear reservoir amount, it is biological with appropriate wheat straw is applied with organic fertilizer using the fertilising of time of infertility decrement
Charcoal technology can substantially reduce vegetables time of infertility N loss by runoff amount up to 13.95% and 23.68%, substantially reduce vegetables and give birth to entirely
Phase phosphorus element Loss in Runoff amount is educated up to 34.81% and 52.44%.Further, nitrogen, phosphorus balance surplus amount are to characterize agricultural land soil
One of nitrogen, leading indicator of phosphorus nutrient loss risk, it is biological with appropriate wheat straw is applied with organic fertilizer using the fertilising of time of infertility decrement
Charcoal technology can substantially reduce vegetable plot Nitrogen balance surplus amount up to 39.81% and 29.03%, substantially reduce vegetable plot phosphate equilibria surplus
Measure up to 29.80% and 29.85%.
The vegetables time of infertility decrement of table 1, which applies fertilizer to match somebody with somebody with organic fertilizer, applies vegetable field soil nitrogen, phosphorus under the conditions of appropriate wheat straw charcoal
Nutrient emission reduction effect
Example 2：Yield of vegetables effect and commodity property improvement
By taking 2014~2015 years pilot productions as an example：
Under the conditions of peasant household's habituation production management (habituation fertilising, conventional field management), vegetables (cabbage head) yield,
Wilfully force of labor, spherical index are respectively 13.03 × 10 for moisture content, leaf-head amount of dry matter, nitrogen4kg·hm-2, 92.63%, 9.60
×103kg·hm-2、322.68kg·kg-1、0.81.Matched somebody with somebody using the fertilising of vegetables time of infertility decrement with organic fertilizer and apply appropriate wheat straw
Although charcoal technology reduces cabbage head up to 16.12%~19.11%, yield of vegetables remains stable substantially, exceedes
10.50×104kg·hm-2(table 2).Wilfully force of labor is to reflect one of index of vegetables nitrogen utilization efficiency to vegetables nitrogen, with vegetable
Dish yield is closely related.Matched somebody with somebody using the fertilising of vegetables time of infertility decrement with organic fertilizer and apply appropriate wheat straw charcoal technology and can significantly carry
High cabbage head nitrogen wilfully force of labor up to 24.39% and 28.98%.Meanwhile, spherical index is reflection cabbage head commodity property
One of key index, matched somebody with somebody using the fertilising of vegetables time of infertility decrement and organic fertilizer and apply appropriate wheat straw charcoal technology and can significantly carry
High cabbage head spherical index significantly improves wild cabbage commodity property up to 6.17% and 7.14%.
Table 2 time of infertility decrement, which applies fertilizer to match somebody with somebody with organic fertilizer, applies yield of vegetables effect and commodity under the conditions of appropriate wheat straw charcoal
Character improvement
Claims (9)
1. a kind of vegetable plot nutrient emission reduction and the method for improving vegetables commodity property, it is characterised in that：In vegetables production process, every batch
Fertilising 2 times, nitrogen fertilizer application 262.65kghm in terms of pure N-2With phosphate fertilizer with P2O5Count 182.55kghm-2, base manure nitrogen amount of application accounts for
Anniversary amount of application 73.73%, phosphate fertilizer whole bases apply；In vegetable field site preparation and apply base manure on the day of, base manure with Swine manure,
Composite fertilizer and wheat straw charcoal form apply vegetable plot, are sufficiently mixed with vegetable plot arable layer 0-20cm soil, organic fertilizer and composite fertilizer
Consumption is respectively 1.13 × 104kg·hm-2And 525kghm-2, wheat straw charcoal amount of application is the 20% of Rate of Organic Fertilizer, i.e.,
2.25×103kg·hm-2。
2. according to claim 1 a kind of vegetable plot nutrient emission reduction and improve vegetables commodity property method, it is characterised in that：Institute
Stating Swine manure is:Moisture content, 23.8%, N, 1.34%, P2O5, 1.21%, K2O, 1.96%；Composite fertilizer is:Potassium sulfate
Type, N, 15%, P2O5, 15%, K2O, 15%；Wheat straw charcoal is:PH, 9.18, N, 0.50%, P2O5, 0.06%, K2O,
2.60%th, organic carbon, 46.70%.
3. a kind of vegetable plot nutrient emission reduction according to claim 1 or claim 2 and the method for improving vegetables commodity property, its feature exist
In：The surface drilling 1 time during vegetables commodity orga- nogenesis, is applied with the form of urea of N >=46%.
4. a kind of vegetable plot nutrient emission reduction according to claim 1 or claim 2 and the method for improving vegetables commodity property, its feature exist
In：A gutter is issued in draining during opening " well " type gutter after the fertilising of vegetable plot so as to rainfall, field at interval of 1.5-2.0m,
Draining furrow width 20cm, deep 15cm, prevent vegetable plot ponding.
5. according to claim 3 a kind of vegetable plot nutrient emission reduction and improve vegetables commodity property method, it is characterised in that：Dish
Draining during opening " well " type gutter after ground fertilising so as to rainfall, a gutter, draining are issued in field at interval of 1.5-2.0m
Furrow width 20cm, deep 15cm, prevent vegetable plot ponding.
6. a kind of vegetable plot nutrient emission reduction according to claim 1 or claim 2 and the method for improving vegetables commodity property, its feature exist
In：Ripe forward type spring wild cabbage " spring dormancy " during vegetable variety is used.
7. according to claim 3 a kind of vegetable plot nutrient emission reduction and improve vegetables commodity property method, it is characterised in that：Vegetable
Ripe forward type spring wild cabbage " spring dormancy " during vegetable kind is used.
8. according to claim 4 a kind of vegetable plot nutrient emission reduction and improve vegetables commodity property method, it is characterised in that：Vegetable
Ripe forward type spring wild cabbage " spring dormancy " during vegetable kind is used.
9. according to claim 5 a kind of vegetable plot nutrient emission reduction and improve vegetables commodity property method, it is characterised in that：Vegetable
Ripe forward type spring wild cabbage " spring dormancy " during vegetable kind is used.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN114711009A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-07-08 | 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所 | Fertilizing scheme screening method based on ammonia emission reduction of soil for southern vegetable planting |
| CN115433043A (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2022-12-06 | 云南师范大学 | Cabbage wheel fertilizer production method for preparing organic fertilizer rich in carbonized fertilizer by using agricultural wastes |
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| CN106165585A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-11-30 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | The method utilizing charcoal preventing and treating region, Rice-rape rotation farmland phosphorus loss |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115433043A (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2022-12-06 | 云南师范大学 | Cabbage wheel fertilizer production method for preparing organic fertilizer rich in carbonized fertilizer by using agricultural wastes |
| CN114711009A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-07-08 | 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所 | Fertilizing scheme screening method based on ammonia emission reduction of soil for southern vegetable planting |
| CN114711009B (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2023-03-24 | 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所 | Fertilizing scheme screening method based on ammonia emission reduction of soil for southern vegetable planting |
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Application publication date: 20170919 |