CN106165585A - The method utilizing charcoal preventing and treating region, Rice-rape rotation farmland phosphorus loss - Google Patents
The method utilizing charcoal preventing and treating region, Rice-rape rotation farmland phosphorus loss Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106165585A CN106165585A CN201610462594.7A CN201610462594A CN106165585A CN 106165585 A CN106165585 A CN 106165585A CN 201610462594 A CN201610462594 A CN 201610462594A CN 106165585 A CN106165585 A CN 106165585A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fertilizer
- charcoal
- rice
- oryza sativa
- brassica campestris
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method utilizing charcoal preventing and treating region, Rice-rape rotation pattern farmland phosphorus loss.This inventive method is in Oryza sativa L., on the basis of rape rotation district conventional fertilizer application amount, a certain amount of chemical fertilizer is executed by subtracting, and join and execute a certain amount of charcoal and can reach the purpose effectively preventing and treating this region, farmland phosphorus loss, wherein chemical fertilizer subtract that the amount of executing is crop Active allelochemical 1/2nd, every mu of Oryza sativa L. adds 2250kg charcoal, Brassica campestris L every mu adds 4500kg charcoal, charcoal used is to use aerial parts corn straw, it is prepared from through pyrolysis charring, the method is through checking, can reach to increase soil available phosphorus content, reduce Oryza sativa L. Soil surface water total phosphorus content, Oryza sativa L. is not resulted in the case of subtracting to fertilize, the Brassica campestris L underproduction, there is higher environment and economic benefit and be worthy to be popularized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture environmental protection technical field, be specifically related to one and utilize charcoal to prevent and treat Rice-rape rotation mould
The method of region, formula farmland phosphorus loss.
Background technology
P elements is one of required nutrient of plant growth, is again the restriction factor of water body in lake eutrophication.
Both at home and abroad numerous studies show, farmland phosphorus loss become one of major reason causing agricultural nonpoint source pollution (superb, Zhang Tao
Woods, Wu Weidong. the risk assessment [J] that the phosphorus in agricultural land soil discharges to water body. ACTA Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2001,21 (3): 344-
348), the total phosphorus loss of agricultural surface runoff occurs mainly in the 6-8 month that rainfall is concentrated, i.e. Rice Cropping season (Liu Hongjiang, Zheng
At the beginning of building, keep root etc. straw-returning is on farmland anniversary rainwash nitrogen, phosphorus, the impact [J] of potassium lost. ecological environment journal,
2012,21 (6): 1031-1036), therefore, the losing issue of region, farmland phosphorus under preventing and treating rice field-upland field rotation pattern, to prevention and control agricultural
Non-point pollution is significant.
At present, straw is utilized to be prepared as charcoal, and by the pattern in charcoal also field, in terms of improving soil environment effect
Research receive more and more attention (Wang Mengmeng, Zhou Qixing. the soil environment effect of charcoal and Mechanism Study [J] thereof. ring
Border chemistry, 2013,32 (5): 768-780), the general grade of lid rosy clouds is shown by indoor cultivation experimental study, adds corn stalk in soil
Stalk charcoal can effectively reduce soil inorganic nitrogen risk of phosphate leaching loss (Gai Xiapu, Liu Hongbin, Zhai Limei etc. cornstalk biological
The charcoal influence research [J] to soil inorganic nitrogen risk of phosphate leaching loss. agro-environment science journal, 2015, (34) 2:310-318).Remove
Be prepared as outside charcoal, straw also can direct returning to farmland, numerous studies show, straw directly returning to field can also reduce farmland phosphorus loss
(Lao Xiurong, Wu Ziyi, Gao Yanchun. the research [J] of Long-Term Straw Soil building effect. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2002,18
(2): 49-52).
A kind of method utilizing charcoal preventing and treating region, Rice-rape rotation farmland phosphorus loss is proposed, especially with corn straw
The method of charcoal preventing and treating region, the Rice-rape rotation farmland phosphorus loss of preparation, to increasing rice oil crop yield and reducing Oryza sativa L. farmland
The impact tool of source, face phosphorus loss risk is of great significance, and provides one to instruct for local Appropriate application corn straw simultaneously
Scheme, and provide theoretical foundation for reducing environmental risk.
Summary of the invention
The defect existed for preventing and treating region, Rice-rape rotation farmland phosphorus loss technical elements or deficiency, the present invention proposes one
Planting the method utilizing charcoal preventing and treating region, Rice-rape rotation farmland phosphorus loss, the method is in original Oryza sativa L., rape rotation pattern
On the basis of, in the fertilising stage, reduce chemical fertilizer sowing amount, and join and execute a certain amount of charcoal, the phosphorus stream in region, farmland can be reduced
Losing, play a great role for protection Rice-rape rotation farmland regional environment, charcoal therein is to use corn straw as former material
Material makes.
In order to realize reducing the target of region, Rice-rape rotation farmland phosphorus loss, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that
First Oryza sativa L., rape rotation district farmland acreage under cultivation and distribution situation are surveyed and drawn；
According to Oryza sativa L., the common fertilizer every mu amount of application of Brassica campestris L crops, utilize Oryza sativa L., the rape rotation agriculture surveyed and drawn
The distribution situation in region, field and acreage under cultivation data, calculate theoretical total amount of application of Oryza sativa L., Brassica campestris L crops common fertilizer, by often
It is standby that 50% standard of the rule total amount of application of chemical fertilizer purchases chemical fertilizer, and fertilizer variety is respectively carbamide (N >=46%), calcium superphosphate (P2O5
>=16%), potassium sulfate (K2O >=50%)；
Charcoal is prepared in processing, and charcoal is made up of the corn straw pyrolysis charring of aerial parts, and corn straw is through water
After washing, drying, pulverize, loading in crucible, seal, be placed in pyrolysis charring in Muffle furnace, pyrolysis temperature 500 DEG C, pyrolysis is held
The continuous time is that 1.5h is prepared as charcoal, and saves backup sealing after cornstalk biological charcoal cooling good for pyrolysis charring；
The basic physical and chemical parameter of charcoal wherein prepared requires see table；
For rice season, select charcoal 2250kg and the 50% of common fertilizer amount of application, according to agriculture requirement, water for every mu
Rice season needs to apply fertilizer twice, a base manure and once topdressing, 2250kg charcoal with base manure (70% nitrogenous fertilizer, 70% potash fertilizer,
100% phosphate fertilizer is as base manure) disposably apply, remain 30% nitrogenous fertilizer, 30% potash fertilizer as after Oryza sativa L. is transplanted seedlings the 7th day of ear manuer
Impose；
For Brassica campestris L season, select charcoal 4500kg and the 50% of common fertilizer amount of application for every mu, according to agriculture requirement, oil
Need in dish season to apply fertilizer three times, a base manure and topdressing for twice, 4500kg charcoal with base manure (nitrogenous fertilizer of 30%, 70% phosphate fertilizer,
70% potash fertilizer is as base manure) disposably apply, 30% nitrogenous fertilizer imposed for the first time in the Brassica campestris L rosette state, remaining 40% nitrogenous fertilizer,
30% phosphate fertilizer, 30% potash fertilizer impose in Brassica campestris L second time in florescence；
Beneficial effects of the present invention, can increase available phosphorus content in soil, significantly reduces Soil surface water total phosphorus content, reduces
The loss of Soil Phosphorus, still further aspect can not result in Oryza sativa L. and the Brassica campestris L underproduction on the premise of reducing chemical fertilizer sowing amount,
And the method has considerable environment and economic benefit, it may be considered that promote the party under rice-rape rotation pattern
Method.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is to use the present invention block diagram that after 2 years, in the soil of field, the content of available phosphorus contrasts with employing additive method；
Fig. 2 is that present invention Oryza sativa L. per mu yield in 2014 and specific implementation process in 2015 contrasts with using additive method
Block diagram；
Fig. 3 is that present invention Brassica campestris L per mu yield in 2014 and specific implementation process in 2015 contrasts with using additive method
Block diagram；
Detailed description of the invention
With specific embodiment, technical scheme is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
It is embodied as with rice village, Feng Yu town, Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province Eryuan County (25 ° 58 ' 51.4 " N, 99 ° 57 ' 34.7 " E, sea
Pull out 2099m) as a example by, Feng Yu river, upstream, genus Erhai, this area small watershed, is the main water head site in Erhai, and basin belongs to north subtropical
Plateau monsoon weather, the four seasons temperature difference is little, average temperature of the whole year 13.9 DEG C, average annual rainfall 745mm, and Winter-Spring arid, Xia Qiu is rainy, rain
Two seasons of drought are clearly demarcated, and rainfall is concentrated mainly on 6-10 month, and this area is rice soil for examination soil types, and the soil texture is sandy loam
Soil, test region, farmland landform is Pingba, and rotation system is Oryza sativa L., Brassica campestris L.
This area's topsoil physicochemical property is as shown in the table:
Prepare charcoal, choose the corn straw of aerial parts, after washing, dry, pulverizing, load in crucible, add
Lid seals, and is placed in pyrolysis charring in Muffle furnace, and pyrolysis temperature is 500 DEG C, and the pyrolysis persistent period is 1.5h, after pyrolysis charring
Cornstalk biological charcoal seals after cooling down and saves backup, and the charcoal physical and chemical parameter wherein prepared is as shown in the table:
Buying Oryza sativa L., Brassica campestris L routine use chemical fertilizer (NPK, local farmers habituation is applied fertilizer), and fertilizer variety selects carbamide (N
>=46%), calcium superphosphate (P2O5>=16%), potassium sulfate (K2O >=50%)；
Controlled trial group is set, for Oryza sativa L., Brassica campestris L season every mu total situation of fertilization, as shown in the table:
For rice season, according to agriculture requirement, rice season needs to apply fertilizer twice, a base manure and once topdressing,
2250kg.hm-2The charcoal of amount disposably applies with base manure (70% nitrogenous fertilizer, 70% potash fertilizer, 100 phosphate fertilizer % are as base manure), surplus
Yu 30% nitrogenous fertilizer, 30% potash fertilizer as ear manuer imposing for the 7th day after Oryza sativa L. is transplanted seedlings；
For Brassica campestris L season, according to agriculture requirement, need in Brassica campestris L season to apply fertilizer three times, a base manure and topdressing for twice,
4500kg.hm-2The charcoal of amount disposably applies, 30% with base manure (30% nitrogenous fertilizer, 70% phosphate fertilizer, 70% potash fertilizer are as base manure)
Nitrogenous fertilizer imposed for the first time in the Brassica campestris L rosette state, and 40% nitrogenous fertilizer, 30% phosphate fertilizer, 30% potash fertilizer impose in Brassica campestris L second time in florescence；
Soil available phosphorus content measuring and plant collecting test after three kinds, trial zone field is gathered in the crops；
Tested by soil available phosphorus after trial zone is gathered in the crops as shown in Figure 1, find different disposal continuous fertilization after 2 years,
Compared with Single fertilizer (NPK) group, execute charcoal (NPK+C) group field and to execute charcoal (1/2NPK+C) group field soil effective
Phosphorus content all notable (P ＜ 0.05) increases, and increase ratio is respectively 60.8% and 68.4%；Use charcoal (NPK+C) group field
Between ground and charcoal (1/2NPK+C) group field, soil available phosphorus content difference is not notable (P ＜ 0.05), i.e. uses charcoal
After, subtract and do not reduce available phosphorus content in soil to fertilize.
As in figure 2 it is shown, at 2014 and 2015, compared with Single fertilizer (NPK) group, execute charcoal (NPK+C) group and
Execute charcoal (1/2NPK+C) group and all Oryza sativa L. is had production-increasing function, under charcoal consumption the same terms, execute charcoal (NPK+C) group
Oryza sativa L. per mu yield organizes Oryza sativa L. per mu yield difference significantly (P ＜ 0.05) with executing charcoal (1/2NPK+C), shows to use this invention
Under the conditions of method, subtract and do not cause the Oryza sativa L. underproduction the most in a short time.
As it is shown on figure 3, compared with Single fertilizer (NPK) group, enrich charcoal (NPK+C) group notable (P ＜ 0.05) and improve
Brassica campestris L per mu yield, executes charcoal (1/2NPK+C) and organizes compared with Single fertilizer (NPK) group, and Brassica campestris L per mu yield does not present significantly
Difference (P ＜ 0.05), under the conditions of showing to use this invention, subtracts after using charcoal and does not the most cause Brassica campestris L significantly to subtract
Produce, do not subtract after using charcoal and can improve Brassica campestris L per mu yield to fertilize.
Can consider to promote the method under rice-rape rotation pattern from the environmental risk angle reducing phosphorus, soil can be increased
Available phosphorus content in earth, significantly reduces Soil surface water total phosphorus content, reduces the loss of Soil Phosphorus, and still further aspect can subtract
On the premise of few chemical fertilizer sowing amount, do not result in Oryza sativa L. and the Brassica campestris L underproduction, and the method has considerable environment and warp
Ji benefit.
Claims (2)
1. the method utilizing charcoal preventing and treating region, Rice-rape rotation pattern farmland phosphorus loss, it is characterised in that concrete steps
As follows:
1) farmland acreage under cultivation and the distribution situation in Rice-rape rotation district are surveyed and drawn；
2) applying chemical fertilizer by the 50% of Oryza sativa L. and Brassica campestris L every mu conventional fertilizer application amount, fertilizer variety is carbamide (N >=46%), peroxophosphoric acid
Calcium (P2O5>=16%) and potassium sulfate (K2O >=50%)；
3) rice season, selects charcoal 2250kg and the chemical fertilizer of former conventional fertilizer application amount 50%, apply fertilizer twice for every mu, base manure with
Once topdressing, charcoal disposably applies with base manure (nitrogenous fertilizer of 70%, 70% potash fertilizer, 100% phosphate fertilizer are as base manure), residue
The nitrogenous fertilizer of 30%, the potash fertilizer of 30% as ear manuer imposing after Oryza sativa L. is transplanted seedlings on the 7th day；
4) Brassica campestris L season, select charcoal 4500kg and former common fertilizer 50% amount of application, apply fertilizer three times for every mu, a base manure and two
Secondary topdressing, charcoal disposably applies, 30% nitrogenous fertilizer with base manure (nitrogenous fertilizer of 30%, 70% phosphate fertilizer, 70% potash fertilizer are as base manure)
Imposing for the first time in the Brassica campestris L rosette state, nitrogenous fertilizer, 30% phosphate fertilizer and 30% potash fertilizer of residue 40% chases after in Brassica campestris L second time in florescence
Execute.
The method utilizing charcoal preventing and treating region, Rice-rape rotation pattern farmland phosphorus loss the most according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be: charcoal, be made up of the corn straw pyrolysis charring of aerial parts, corn straw after washing, dry, pulverizing,
Loading in crucible, seal, be placed in pyrolysis charring in Muffle furnace, pyrolysis temperature 500 DEG C, the pyrolysis persistent period is 1.5h, will
Seal after the cornstalk biological charcoal cooling that pyrolysis charring is good and preserve.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107056505A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-08-18 | 江苏省农业科学院 | One plant vegetables rice crop rotation farmland nutrient emission reduction and maintain stable crop yield method |
| CN107173015A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-09-19 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of vegetable plot nutrient emission reduction and the method for improving vegetables commodity property |
| CN108668585A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-10-19 | 天水市农业科学研究所 | A kind of fertilizing method of Winter Cole-wort |
| CN108892342A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-11-27 | 苏州科技大学 | A kind of preparation method of the fixed composite material of Sediments heavy metal |
| CN109121632A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-01-04 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | A kind of Rice-rape rotation anniversary fertilizing method |
| CN110140616A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-08-20 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | A kind of rice cultivating method that Heilongjiangdistrict carbon fixation and emission reduction increases production and improves productivity |
| CN111837556A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-10-30 | 重庆市农业科学院 | Fertilizing method for rice and vegetable crop rotation planting mode |
| CN113443940A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-09-28 | 青岛理工大学 | Method for improving utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer by combined action of nitrogen fertilizer and biochar |
| CN116082096A (en) * | 2022-12-28 | 2023-05-09 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Preparation and application methods of rice straw carbon-based fertilizer capable of reducing nitrogen loss of rice field |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107056505A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-08-18 | 江苏省农业科学院 | One plant vegetables rice crop rotation farmland nutrient emission reduction and maintain stable crop yield method |
| CN107173015A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-09-19 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of vegetable plot nutrient emission reduction and the method for improving vegetables commodity property |
| CN108668585A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-10-19 | 天水市农业科学研究所 | A kind of fertilizing method of Winter Cole-wort |
| CN108892342A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-11-27 | 苏州科技大学 | A kind of preparation method of the fixed composite material of Sediments heavy metal |
| CN108892342B (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2021-09-07 | 苏州科技大学 | Preparation method of composite material for fixing heavy metals in water body sediment |
| CN109121632A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-01-04 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | A kind of Rice-rape rotation anniversary fertilizing method |
| CN110140616A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-08-20 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | A kind of rice cultivating method that Heilongjiangdistrict carbon fixation and emission reduction increases production and improves productivity |
| CN111837556A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-10-30 | 重庆市农业科学院 | Fertilizing method for rice and vegetable crop rotation planting mode |
| CN113443940A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-09-28 | 青岛理工大学 | Method for improving utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer by combined action of nitrogen fertilizer and biochar |
| CN116082096A (en) * | 2022-12-28 | 2023-05-09 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Preparation and application methods of rice straw carbon-based fertilizer capable of reducing nitrogen loss of rice field |
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