CN101731087A - Method for reducing and controlling losses of nitrogen and phosphorus of rice - Google Patents
Method for reducing and controlling losses of nitrogen and phosphorus of rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN101731087A CN101731087A CN200910216539A CN200910216539A CN101731087A CN 101731087 A CN101731087 A CN 101731087A CN 200910216539 A CN200910216539 A CN 200910216539A CN 200910216539 A CN200910216539 A CN 200910216539A CN 101731087 A CN101731087 A CN 101731087A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reducing and controlling losses of nitrogen and phosphorus of rice, belonging to a method of zero tillage and standard open tillage of the rice and comprising the following steps of: digging a surrounding ditch around the rice; digging a waist ditch and a side ditch for dividing the rice into several side surfaces; flattening the side surfaces; fertilizing enough basic fertilizers; coating films for tightly attaching ground films to clay on the side surfaces; pressing both sides by using the clay; transplanting the rice; keeping water in the ditches rather than in the film surfaces; drying the water in the rice within 15 days before the rice is ripe; and leaving low rice stubble in rice harvest. In the method, irrigation with water saving is realized, the purpose for reducing and controlling the losses of nitrogen and phosphorus of the rice is realized, and a theoretical basis and a realizing mode are supplied for scientifically and reasonably building the environmentally friendly utilization mode of the rice.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the paddy environment close friend and utilize a kind of constructing technology of pattern, is the new method that reduces rice field nitrogen, phosphorus loss.
Background technology
Rice Production is being guaranteed global grain security and is being promoted that the contribution in world's socio-economic development is highly visible.China is maximum in the world rice producing country and country of consumption, and Rice Production ensures for the population of China more than 60% provides grain ration consumption.Except the product supply, prior rice field wetlands ecosystems based on paddy rice are important biotopes of protection environment.
Since half a century, countries in the world are all the important agricultural measures of application fertilizer as the increase rice yield.China is one of country that applying quantity of chemical fertilizer is the highest in the world, excessive or excess fertilising phenomenon ubiquity in the rice field.With external comparison, China's Rice Production unit are nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer amount ratio world average level is high by 75%, 58%, and nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer availability only 30%, 25%.Excessive fertilization can not make crop yield further improve, cause the reduction of chemical fertilizer utilization ratio on the contrary, loss amount increases, bring negative effect to environment, the clean dirty function that rice field itself is had reduces, and causes soil and groundwater contamination, causes the eutrophication of river and lake water quality, harm humans health, the sustainable development of restriction agricultural.Have data to show, there is the nitrogen phosphorus phenomenon that exceeds standard in water body more than 2/3 around the rice field.In 30 years from now on, China's size of population also will continue to increase, and in order to satisfy the demand of population growth and living standard raising to agricultural product, using also of nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer will continue.Therefore, how to keep the sustainability of rice field Wetland ecological function, effectively take into account the agriculture benefit and the environmental benefit of rice field fertilising, improve the nitrogen phosphorus utilization, reduce nitrogen and phosphorus loss, reducing its influence to environment is an important and pressing task.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method for reducing and controlling losses of nitrogen and phosphorus of rice of realizing rice field water-saving irrigation, reducing and controlling losses of nitrogen and phosphorus.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of method for reducing and controlling losses of nitrogen and phosphorus of rice, carry out according to the following steps:
A), no-tillage, standard is opened the railway carriage or compartment:
Ridge 80cm place opens the ditch that encloses of wide 25cm, dark 30cm around in the distance rice field, is advisable to see tillage pan, and the waist ditch of wide 25cm, dark 20cm is together opened in the groove field bigger to area in the center in field;
Article two, the parallel and equidistant setting of railway carriage or compartment ditch with the waist ditch, every railway carriage or compartment furrow width 20cm, dark 15cm, the even dispenser of earth that trench digging scoops up is smashed clod in the railway carriage or compartment face, reach the flat mud in field and melt, and ridge is higher than the railway carriage or compartment face;
B), smooth railway carriage or compartment face:
Adopt the plank of a block length 1.6m, wide 20-30cm, the pocket of 15-20kg earth is equipped with in binding in the above, and a human rope hauls smooth while walking;
C), use sufficient base manure:
Adopt clear fertilization mode one, the disposable holostrome rational application of fertilizers in front in smooth railway carriage or compartment, heavy base fertilizer application is executed farmyard manure more, and fertilizer and railway carriage or compartment face soil fully mix;
D), overlay film:
Select thick 0.004mm, wide 170-200cm for use, quality is the ultra micro film of one-level, and the method overlay film with the rolling film bundle makes mulch film be close to railway carriage or compartment face earth, and the both sides soil compaction is not swept and do not stay any space by wind;
E), control water:
Keep that behind rice transplanting water is arranged in the ditch, face is anhydrous, forbids that string is irritated, deep irrigation, the railway carriage or compartment face water layer of in time draining behind the heavy rain, an amount of for guaranteeing to pour water early stage, establish flat breach in discharge outlet, allow unnecessary field face water in time discharge automatically;
F), take off film:
Reclaim for ease of mulch film, avoid white pollution, the one, put the water of doing Tanaka in preceding 15 days in the paddy rice yellow maturity, the 2nd, the low rice stubble that stays during paddy rice harvesting.
Quite a few nitrogen phosphorus of rice field is present in the field water with solute or particle shape, and mainly loses by rainwash, erosion or seepage, and according to data, the unit are rice field is because the nitrogen and phosphorus load amount that seepage and runoff are produced is more than 4 times of dry land.Therefore, the present invention is the construction method that a kind of paddy environment close friend utilizes pattern, to change traditional paddy field moisture management mode, improve the hydrologic condition in rice field, effectively cut down the rice field and produce and go up the pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus loss that high chemical fertilizer input may cause, realize the sustainable use of rice field wetland resource water environment.
Basic point of the present invention is:
1, van-type is no-tillage
Changing traditional soaked field of turning over, full field transplants seedlings and opens the railway carriage or compartment and transplant seedlings for no-tillage, standard.Ridge 80cm place opens the ditch that encloses of wide 25cm, dark 30cm around in the distance rice field, is advisable to see tillage pan, and the waist ditch of wide 25cm, dark 20cm is together opened in the groove field bigger to area in the center in field.Railway carriage or compartment furrow width 20cm, dark 15cm, railway carriage or compartment face width 145cm, the even dispenser of earth that trench digging scoops up is smashed clod in the railway carriage or compartment face, reaches the flat mud in field and melts.
2, plastic-film-covered cultivation
Changing traditional outdoor cropping is plastic-film-covered cultivation.Select thick 0.004mm, wide 170-200cm for use, quality is the ultra micro film of one-level, and the method overlay film with the rolling film bundle makes mulch film be close to railway carriage or compartment face earth, and the both sides soil compaction is not swept and do not stay any space by wind.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the no-tillage soaked field water of turning over that reduced of van-type, the disturbance that has reduced the rice field tillage pan destroys, and has reduced the seepage loss of moisture, has promoted to pour water in the even distribution in field entirely; Plastic-film-covered cultivation has then suppressed the evaporation loss of field face moisture.The two has realized water-saving irrigation jointly, thereby has reached the purpose of decontrol rice field nitrogen and phosphorus loss: (1) water-saving irrigation makes rice field chance runoff significantly reduce, and nitrogen phosphorus is suppressed the corresponding reduction of output load with the power and the carrier of runoff output; (2) by reducing the hydraulic pressure that duty has reduced the rice field superficial water, weakened the power that oozes under the paddy field moisture, paddy field moisture reduces significantly to the leakage of deep layer and side, has suppressed the leaching loss of nitrogen phosphorus; (3) water-saving irrigation strengthens soil aeration, and redox potential increases, thereby acceleration phosphorus forms insoluble compound and fixes, and reduces by runoff and the plain potential that runs off of soil interflow approach phosphorus thus; (4) thin water layer helps the enhancing of microbial activity in soil and the superficial water thereof and the increase of quantity, thereby helps microorganism acceleration aerobic degradation.
2, the present invention proposes the space structure of reducing and controlling losses of nitrogen and phosphorus of rice technology mode, comprise factors such as enclosing ditch, Yao Gou, railway carriage or compartment ditch, railway carriage or compartment face, for scientific and reasonable structure paddy environment close friend utilizes pattern that theoretical foundation and specific implementation are provided.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a floor map of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is Fig. 1 vertical section schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Shown in Fig. 1 Fig. 2,1, ridge; 2, enclose ditch; 3, railway carriage or compartment face; 4, railway carriage or compartment ditch; 5, Yao Gou.
Referring to Fig. 1,
1, no-tillage, standard is opened the railway carriage or compartment.Ridge 80cm place opens the ditch that encloses of wide 25cm, dark 30cm around in the distance rice field, is advisable to see tillage pan, and the waist ditch of wide 25cm, dark 20cm is together opened in the groove field bigger to area in the center in field.Railway carriage or compartment furrow width 20cm, dark 15cm, railway carriage or compartment face width 145cm, the even dispenser of earth that trench digging scoops up is smashed clod in the railway carriage or compartment face, reaches the flat mud in field and melts.
2, smooth railway carriage or compartment face.Adopt the plank of a block length 1.6m, wide 20-30cm, the pocket of 15-20kg earth is equipped with in binding in the above, and a human rope hauls smooth while walking.
3, use sufficient base manure.Because plastic-film-covered cultivation adopts clear fertilization mode one, so, the disposable holostrome rational application of fertilizers in front in smooth railway carriage or compartment, heavy base fertilizer application is executed farmyard manure more, and fertilizer and railway carriage or compartment face soil fully mix.
4, overlay film.Select thick 0.004mm, wide 170-200cm for use, quality is the ultra micro film of one-level, and the method overlay film with the rolling film bundle makes mulch film be close to railway carriage or compartment face earth, and the both sides soil compaction is not swept and do not stay any space by wind.
5, control water.Keep that behind rice transplanting water is arranged in the ditch, face is anhydrous, forbids that string is irritated, deep irrigation.The railway carriage or compartment face water layer of in time draining behind the heavy rain.For guaranteeing to pour water in right amount early stage, establish flat breach in discharge outlet, allow unnecessary field face water in time discharge automatically.
6, take off film.Because the mulch film that adopts in producing at present almost is nondegradable polyethylene film, therefore, reclaim for ease of mulch film, avoid white pollution, the one, put the water of doing Tanaka in preceding 15 days in the paddy rice yellow maturity, the 2nd, the low rice stubble that stays during paddy rice harvesting.
Rice field shape involved in the present invention can be an Any shape, therefore, encloses the ditch shape and becomes with the rice field shape.
The setting of railway carriage or compartment ditch and waist ditch only need be satisfied the plot that will enclose around the ditch and be divided into the railway carriage or compartment face that is suitable for planting management and get final product, and width, the degree of depth of railway carriage or compartment ditch and waist ditch can be determined as the case may be.
Claims (1)
1. method for reducing and controlling losses of nitrogen and phosphorus of rice is characterized in that: carry out according to the following steps:
A), no-tillage, standard is opened the railway carriage or compartment:
What ridge (1) 80cm place opened wide 25cm, dark 30cm around in the distance rice field encloses ditch (2), is advisable to see tillage pan, and wide 25cm, the waist ditch (5) of 20cm are deeply opened together in the groove field bigger to area in the center in field;
Article two, the parallel and equidistant setting of railway carriage or compartment ditch (4) with the waist ditch, every railway carriage or compartment furrow width 20cm, dark 15cm, the even dispenser of earth that trench digging scoops up is smashed clod in railway carriage or compartment face (3), reach the flat mud in field and melt, and ridge (1) is higher than the railway carriage or compartment face;
B), smooth railway carriage or compartment face:
Adopt the plank of a block length 1.6m, wide 20-30cm, the pocket of 15-20kg earth is equipped with in binding in the above, and a human rope hauls smooth while walking;
C), use sufficient base manure:
Adopt clear fertilization mode one, the disposable holostrome rational application of fertilizers in front in smooth railway carriage or compartment, heavy base fertilizer application is executed farmyard manure more, and fertilizer and railway carriage or compartment face soil fully mix;
D), overlay film:
Select thick 0.004mm, wide 170-200cm for use, quality is the ultra micro film of one-level, and the method overlay film with the rolling film bundle makes mulch film be close to railway carriage or compartment face earth, and the both sides soil compaction is not swept and do not stay any space by wind;
E), control water:
Keep that behind rice transplanting water is arranged in the ditch, face is anhydrous, forbids that string is irritated, deep irrigation, the railway carriage or compartment face water layer of in time draining behind the heavy rain, an amount of for guaranteeing to pour water early stage, establish flat breach in discharge outlet, allow unnecessary field face water in time discharge automatically;
F), take off film:
Reclaim for ease of mulch film, avoid white pollution, the one, put the water of doing Tanaka in preceding 15 days in the paddy rice yellow maturity, the 2nd, the low rice stubble that stays during paddy rice harvesting.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910216539XA CN101731087B (en) | 2009-12-04 | 2009-12-04 | Method for reducing and controlling losses of nitrogen and phosphorus of rice |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910216539XA CN101731087B (en) | 2009-12-04 | 2009-12-04 | Method for reducing and controlling losses of nitrogen and phosphorus of rice |
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| CN101731087A true CN101731087A (en) | 2010-06-16 |
| CN101731087B CN101731087B (en) | 2011-06-08 |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102860207A (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2013-01-09 | 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Ditching and mulching cultivation method for water-bed ridge planting |
| CN103053254A (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2013-04-24 | 广东省生态环境与土壤研究所 | Pollution-reducing fertilization method in rice paddy field |
| CN105265263A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-01-27 | 中国水稻研究所 | Plantation method of paddy rice |
| CN106165585A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-11-30 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | The method utilizing charcoal preventing and treating region, Rice-rape rotation farmland phosphorus loss |
| CN107873162A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-04-06 | 钦州学院 | Using method for reducing and controlling losses of nitrogen and phosphorus of rice after solid fertilizer composite fertilizer |
| CN107889603A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-04-10 | 钦州学院 | Using method for reducing and controlling losses of nitrogen and phosphorus of rice after simple substance mixed fertilizer |
| CN110915582A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-03-27 | 辽宁省农业科学院 | Method for reducing nitrogen and phosphorus loss in northeast single-cropping rice region |
| CN111505240A (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-08-07 | 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所 | Resistance control system and method for slowing down farmland nitrogen loss |
-
2009
- 2009-12-04 CN CN200910216539XA patent/CN101731087B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102860207A (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2013-01-09 | 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Ditching and mulching cultivation method for water-bed ridge planting |
| CN102860207B (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2014-04-02 | 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Ditching and mulching cultivation method for water-bed ridge planting |
| CN103053254A (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2013-04-24 | 广东省生态环境与土壤研究所 | Pollution-reducing fertilization method in rice paddy field |
| CN103053254B (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2014-12-31 | 广东省生态环境与土壤研究所 | Pollution-reducing fertilization method in rice paddy field |
| CN105265263A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-01-27 | 中国水稻研究所 | Plantation method of paddy rice |
| CN106165585A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-11-30 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | The method utilizing charcoal preventing and treating region, Rice-rape rotation farmland phosphorus loss |
| CN107873162A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-04-06 | 钦州学院 | Using method for reducing and controlling losses of nitrogen and phosphorus of rice after solid fertilizer composite fertilizer |
| CN107889603A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-04-10 | 钦州学院 | Using method for reducing and controlling losses of nitrogen and phosphorus of rice after simple substance mixed fertilizer |
| CN110915582A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-03-27 | 辽宁省农业科学院 | Method for reducing nitrogen and phosphorus loss in northeast single-cropping rice region |
| CN111505240A (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-08-07 | 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所 | Resistance control system and method for slowing down farmland nitrogen loss |
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| CN101731087B (en) | 2011-06-08 |
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Granted publication date: 20110608 Termination date: 20111204 |