CN111837556A - Fertilizing method for rice and vegetable crop rotation planting mode - Google Patents
Fertilizing method for rice and vegetable crop rotation planting mode Download PDFInfo
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- CN111837556A CN111837556A CN202010788188.6A CN202010788188A CN111837556A CN 111837556 A CN111837556 A CN 111837556A CN 202010788188 A CN202010788188 A CN 202010788188A CN 111837556 A CN111837556 A CN 111837556A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fertilizing method in a rice-vegetable crop rotation planting mode, which adopts a substitution mode of reducing 20% of nitrogen fertilizer and adding straw organic nitrogen fertilizer. The invention returns the straws to the field and applies the chemical fertilizer in a matching way, can effectively reduce the application amount of the chemical fertilizer, prevent the environmental pollution caused by excessive and partial application of the chemical fertilizer and burning of the straws, improve the ecological environment of the soil and increase the net income of farmers. And the using amount of the fertilizer is reduced, the soil fertility is improved, soil nutrients are supplemented and balanced, the soil is improved, the resource utilization rate is improved, the cost is saved, the efficiency is improved, the stable yield, the high yield and the high efficiency of agriculture are realized, and the ecological, social and economic comprehensive benefits are brought. The fertilizing mode of the invention can increase the yield of rice by 35%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a fertilizing method in a rice-vegetable crop rotation planting mode.
Background
The problem of grain safety is always the greatest of the livelihood, in order to improve the grain yield, the rice and vegetable crop rotation mode is greatly developed in recent years, crops capable of improving economic benefits are introduced into the rice field for production, on the premise of ensuring the grain production stability, the economic benefits of unit area are improved by developing special economic crops, a relatively stable industry development mode is formed, and the dual increase of money and grains is realized.
However, the chemical fertilizer is used in rice planting in a large quantity, so that the pesticide residue in the soil exceeds the standard, the ecological environment of the soil is destroyed, the soil fertility is reduced, and the phenomena of farmland soil pollution and water body pollution are frequently seen. In recent years, food safety problems frequently occur, vegetables cannot be survived as main food which cannot be kept away in daily life of people, various pesticides are not applied according to national or industrial standards, and pesticide residues of the vegetables are seriously out of standard due to excessive pesticide application, so that the physical health and even life safety of eaters are threatened. How to solve the problem of safe eating of vegetables has become a hot issue in the whole society.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a fertilizing method in a rice-vegetable rotation planting mode, so as to solve the problem of pesticide residue, improve the soil fertility and improve the yield of rice and vegetables.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention is specifically realized by the following technical scheme:
a fertilizing method of a rice-vegetable crop rotation planting mode adopts a fertilizing mode of mixing a nitrogen fertilizer and a straw organic fertilizer, wherein the nitrogen content mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the straw organic fertilizer is 3: 5.
Furthermore, the nitrogen content of the nitrogen fertilizer and the straw organic fertilizer is 80% of the application amount of the pure nitrogen fertilizer.
Further, the nitrogen fertilizer comprises a quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, wherein the mass contents of the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer are respectively 40% and 60%.
Furthermore, the straw organic fertilizer is obtained by smashing straws and then stacking and fermenting the smashed straws.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention returns the straws to the field and applies the chemical fertilizer in a matching way, can effectively reduce the application amount of the chemical fertilizer, prevent the environmental pollution caused by excessive and partial application of the chemical fertilizer and straw burning, improve the ecological environment of the soil and increase the net income of farmers. And the fertilizer consumption is reduced, the soil fertility is improved, the soil nutrients are supplemented and balanced, the soil is improved, the resource utilization rate is improved, the cost is saved, the efficiency is improved, the agricultural yield is stable, the yield is high, the efficiency is high, and the ecological, social and economic comprehensive benefits are brought. The fertilizing mode of the invention can increase the yield of rice by 35%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the nitrogen absorption of rice under different fertilization modes provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of rice yield under different fertilization modes provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the organic matter content of paddy field under different fertilization modes provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the amounts of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in soil under different fertilization modes provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the diversity of soil microorganisms in different fertilization modes provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to specific embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1 Effect of different Nitrogen Fertilizer application patterns on nutrient uptake and yield in Rice
In the embodiment of the invention, a field positioning test for two continuous years is carried out in a monitoring base, and 4 nitrogen fertilizer application modes are set: (1) CK: control (no nitrogen fertilizer application); (2) t1: 100% nitrogen fertilizer (100% traditional fertilizer N); (3) t2: a 20% nitrogen fertilizer application reduction mode; (4) t3: nitrogenous fertilizer: organic nitrogen fertilizer is 3:5 (30% nitrogen fertilizer + 50% organic nitrogen) namely: on the basis of reducing the application of 20 percent of nitrogen fertilizer, the traditional fertilizer application mode has the nitrogen content ratio of fertilizer nitrogen to straw organic fertilizer of 3: 5. The fertilization was performed in the manner shown in Table 1, and the nitrogen uptake and yield of the crops treated with different nitrogen applications were measured.
TABLE 1 Rice test design Nitrogen fertilizer usage patterns
As a result, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the total nitrogen uptake of the nitrogen-treated crops was significantly increased as compared with the control without nitrogen application, and it was also found that the nitrogen uptake did not decrease but increased after 20% of the nitrogen application was reduced as compared with 100% of the nitrogen application mode. Wherein the nitrogen fertilizer: the organic nitrogen fertilizer is 3:5 (30% nitrogen fertilizer + 50% organic nitrogen) mode, and the total nitrogen absorption amount is the highest. Compared with the 100% N fertilizer mode, the application of 20% less nitrogen fertilizer does not affect the rice yield, wherein the yield of the fertilizer application mode substituted by organic fertilizer is the highest among the nitrogen fertilizer modes. The experimental results show that: under the current production condition, for traditional fertilization mode, the fertilizer replaces and subtracts fertile mode nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium quantity of applying N and nitrogen fertilizer fortune and plans the mode more reasonable, makes the total nitrogen uptake of rice increase, and output improves.
Example 2 Effect of different modes of Nitrogen fertilization on soil organic matter
In the embodiment of the invention, a field positioning test for two continuous years is carried out in a monitoring base, and 4 nitrogen fertilizer application modes are set: (1) CK: control (no nitrogen fertilizer application); (2) t1: 100% nitrogen fertilizer (100% traditional fertilizer N); (3) t2: a 20% nitrogen fertilizer application reduction mode; (4) t3: nitrogenous fertilizer: organic nitrogen fertilizer is 3:5 (30% nitrogen fertilizer + 50% organic nitrogen) namely: on the basis of reducing the application of 20 percent of nitrogen fertilizer, the traditional fertilizer application mode has the nitrogen content ratio of fertilizer nitrogen to straw organic fertilizer of 3: 5. Fertilization patterns soil organic matter was measured for different nitrogen fertilization patterns as shown in table 1.
The results are shown in fig. 3, and compared with the control, the organic matter content of the soil of the paddy field plough layer is obviously increased by the treatment with different fertilization modes. In each fertilization treatment, the fertilizer was treated with 50% organic fertilizer (T)3) Topsoil organic matter content is highest and significantly higher than other treatments.
Example 3 amounts of soil bacteria, Actinomycetes and fungi in different fertilization modes
In the embodiment of the invention, a field positioning test for two continuous years is carried out in a monitoring base, and 4 nitrogen fertilizer application modes are set: (1) CK: control (no nitrogen fertilizer application); (2) t1: 100% nitrogen fertilizer (100% traditional fertilizer N); (3) t2: a 20% nitrogen fertilizer application reduction mode; (4) t3: nitrogenous fertilizer: organic nitrogen fertilizer is 3:5 (30% nitrogen fertilizer + 50% organic nitrogen) namely: on the basis of reducing the application of 20 percent of nitrogen fertilizer, the traditional fertilizer application mode has the nitrogen content ratio of fertilizer nitrogen to straw organic fertilizer of 3: 5. The fertilization patterns are shown in table 1, and the numbers of soil bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi were measured for different nitrogen fertilizer application patterns.
The results are shown in fig. 4, and the experimental results show that applying nitrogen fertilizer increases the number of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in soil. The number of bacteria in the soil of the rice field is increased to the maximum, and the number of actinomycete fungi is not increased as much as the bacteria, but reaches a remarkable level after the nitrogen fertilizer is applied. And after the 20% N fertilizer is reduced, the number of soil bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi is not reduced but increased, wherein after the organic nitrogen is adopted to replace and reduce the urea nitrogen, the number of the soil bacteria and fungi is obviously increased. The results show that various nitrogen application modes effectively improve the number of soil microorganisms, wherein the combined application of the organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizers is more beneficial to the increase of the number of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the soil.
Example 4 microbial diversity of soil under different fertilization modes
In the embodiment of the invention, a field positioning test for two continuous years is carried out in a monitoring base, and 4 nitrogen fertilizer application modes are set: (1) CK: control (no nitrogen fertilizer application); (2) t1: 100% nitrogen fertilizer (100% traditional fertilizer N); (3) t2: a 20% nitrogen fertilizer application reduction mode; (4) t3: nitrogenous fertilizer: organic nitrogen fertilizer is 3:5 (30% nitrogen fertilizer + 50% organic nitrogen) namely: on the basis of reducing the application of 20 percent of nitrogen fertilizer, the traditional fertilizer application mode has the nitrogen content ratio of fertilizer nitrogen to straw organic fertilizer of 3: 5. The fertilization patterns are shown in table 1, and the soil microbial diversity was determined in different fertilization patterns.
As a result, as shown in FIG. 5, the paddy soil after 2 years of the experiment was subjected to denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis, and the soil microbial diversity index was calculated. The results show that the treated soil without fertilizer application mixed with the inorganic-organic nitrogen had a higher diversity index, while the treated soil with pure nitrogen fertilizer application was lower. Test results show that balanced fertilization has a promoting effect on the diversity of soil microorganisms.
In conclusion, on the basis of reducing the application of 20% of nitrogen fertilizer, the traditional fertilizer application mode with the nitrogen content ratio of the fertilizer nitrogen to the straw organic fertilizer being 3:5 has the best effect. The application of the straw organic fertilizer is not only beneficial to the improvement of the rice yield, but also can increase soil organic matters, study the relation between the straw organic fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer, exert the fertilizing effect of straw returning to the field as much as possible, and provide technical guidance for the reasonable utilization of crop straws and the farmland management and fertilization.
The method provided by the embodiment of the invention can effectively reduce the application amount of the chemical fertilizer, prevent environmental pollution caused by excessive partial application of the chemical fertilizer and straw burning, improve the ecological environment of soil and increase the net income of farmers.
The invention applies the straw returning and the fertilizer distribution to the field test, thereby reducing the using amount of the fertilizer, improving the soil fertility, supplementing and balancing the soil nutrients, improving the soil, improving the resource utilization rate, saving the cost and improving the efficiency, ensuring stable yield, high yield and high efficiency of agriculture, bringing ecological, social and economic comprehensive benefits and being an important way for the sustainable development of roads.
The invention researches the influence of different nitrogen fertilizer application modes on the nutrient absorption and utilization of the crop yield in the rice-tuber mustard crop rotation, the physical and chemical properties of soil, the activity of soil enzyme, soil microorganisms and the diversity thereof by developing nitrogen fertilizer application reduction and organic and inorganic matched application modes. And establishing a database of the fertilization mode of the rice-vegetable rotation system by determining the yield benefit and fertilizer utilization efficiency of the current nitrogen fertilizer.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A fertilizing method of a rice-vegetable crop rotation planting mode is characterized in that a fertilizing mode of mixing a nitrogen fertilizer and a straw organic fertilizer is adopted, and the nitrogen content mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the straw organic fertilizer is 3: 5.
2. The method for fertilizing in rice and vegetable crop rotation planting mode as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nitrogen content of the nitrogen fertilizer and straw organic fertilizer is 80% of the pure nitrogen fertilizer application amount.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer comprises a quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, wherein the mass contents of the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer are respectively 40% and 60%.
4. The fertilizing method for rice and vegetable crop rotation planting mode as claimed in claim 3, wherein the straw organic fertilizer is obtained by crushing straw and then stacking and fermenting.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115104417A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-09-27 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | Fertilizing method for realizing weight-reducing and efficiency-increasing of citrus |
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| CN106165585A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-11-30 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | The method utilizing charcoal preventing and treating region, Rice-rape rotation farmland phosphorus loss |
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2020
- 2020-08-07 CN CN202010788188.6A patent/CN111837556A/en active Pending
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| JP2000026184A (en) * | 1998-07-06 | 2000-01-25 | Mitsubishi Agricult Mach Co Ltd | Coated fertilizer and application method thereof |
| CN104521504A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-22 | 重庆市农业科学院 | Half-drought type rice- ercai alternate culture method |
| CN104938267A (en) * | 2015-06-02 | 2015-09-30 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Rice planting method for efficiently applying nitrogenous fertilizer in quantity reducing mode |
| CN105453881A (en) * | 2016-01-06 | 2016-04-06 | 重庆市农业科学院 | Simple and efficient cultivation method for oilseed rape in rice field |
| CN106165585A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-11-30 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | The method utilizing charcoal preventing and treating region, Rice-rape rotation farmland phosphorus loss |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115104417A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-09-27 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | Fertilizing method for realizing weight-reducing and efficiency-increasing of citrus |
| CN115104417B (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2023-08-22 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | Fertilizing method for realizing weight-losing synergy of citrus |
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