CN115104417B - Fertilizing method for realizing weight-losing synergy of citrus - Google Patents

Fertilizing method for realizing weight-losing synergy of citrus Download PDF

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CN115104417B
CN115104417B CN202210930686.9A CN202210930686A CN115104417B CN 115104417 B CN115104417 B CN 115104417B CN 202210930686 A CN202210930686 A CN 202210930686A CN 115104417 B CN115104417 B CN 115104417B
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fertilizer
controlled
potassium
release
proportion
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CN115104417A (en
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冀建华
刘秀梅
候红乾
吕真真
蓝贤瑾
夏文建
刘增兵
刘益仁
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Institute of Soil Fertilizer Resources and Environment of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Institute of Soil Fertilizer Resources and Environment of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

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  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a fertilization method for realizing weight-losing and synergy of citrus. The method comprises the following steps: (1) determining a citrus fertilization basic formula; (2) formulating nutrient-reducing embodiments; (3) And (3) calculating the corresponding fertilization amount to fertilize according to the nutrient subtracting scheme in the step (2) and the citrus fertilization basic formula in the step (1). The fertilization method can enable a planter to design a fertilizer formula according to local climate and soil conditions according to local conditions, can improve the yield and nutrient agronomic utilization rate of oranges under the condition of greatly reducing the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, remarkably improve the quality of oranges, effectively improve the soil of a citrus orchard, improve the fertility of the oranges, reduce the fertilizer consumption, improve the utilization rate of the fertilizers, greatly reduce the input cost and reduce the environmental pollution, and has good guiding effect and reference value for farms, cooperatives, households and enterprises.

Description

Fertilizing method for realizing weight-losing synergy of citrus
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of citrus fertilization, and particularly relates to a fertilization method for realizing weight losing and synergy of citrus.
Background
Citrus is one of the most economically valuable and widely cultivated fruits in the world. China is the leading citrus production area in the world. However, in recent years, citrus quality and orchard soil quality have drastically decreased due to improper fertilization and improper agricultural management measures.
Changing the traditional fertilization mode, improving the fertilizer utilization rate, improving the orchard soil and improving the quality of oranges becomes urgent. The controlled release fertilizer and the soil conditioner provide a new idea and way for solving the problems of low fertilizer utilization rate, soil quality reduction and environmental pollution. The controlled release fertilizer is synchronized with the fertilizer requirement rule of the fruit trees by changing the nutrient release time, so that the purposes of improving the fertilizer utilization rate and reducing the environmental pollution are achieved; the soil conditioner achieves the purposes of regulating the acidity of soil, improving the soil structure and fertility by slow release of medium trace elements, continuous decomposition of organic substances and continuous optimization of a microorganism system, and the medium trace elements and the organic substances are reasonably matched for long-term large-area popularization and application, so that obvious economic benefit and social benefit can be obtained.
However, most of the existing controlled release fertilizer technologies solve the problem of one-time fertilization of fruit trees in a focusing way, the related technologies of how to realize scientific proportioning of the controlled release fertilizer and the common fertilizer and how to optimize the reduced fertilization proportion of nutrients on the basis of the scientific proportioning are relatively less; conditioning agents mainly focus on the problem of poor conditioning of soil, and little is known about how to reduce the amount of major elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in conditioning agents containing medium and trace elements. Therefore, how to formulate the scheme of reducing the nutrient elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium aiming at different dispensing ratios of the controlled release fertilizer and the dosage of the conditioner becomes a main problem in the current fertilization process of fruit farmers.
At present, the special controlled release fertilizer and the soil conditioner for citrus circulated in the market are finished products, and fruit growers are difficult to adjust the formula according to the conditions of the fruit growers, even if manufacturers mark the fertilizing amount, the accurate weight loss is difficult to achieve, and the existing controlled release fertilizer has relatively high price and is a large burden for the fruit growers. If the fertilizer consumption can be effectively reduced according to the related technology or method, the formula can be designed according to local conditions by purchasing raw materials and adjusting the formula of the fertilizer and the consumption of the conditioner in real time, the fertilizer utilization efficiency can be improved, the soil quality can be improved, the input cost can be greatly reduced, and the environmental pollution can be reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art, and provides a fertilization method for realizing weight-losing synergy of citrus, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a fertilizing method for realizing weight-losing synergy of citrus comprises the following steps:
(1) Determining a citrus fertilization basic formula;
(2) Formulating a nutrient-reducing regimen comprising one of regimen S1, regimen S2 and regimen S3;
in the scheme S1, the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is applied in a proportion of 35-40%, the controlled-release potassium fertilizer is applied in a proportion of 30-80%, the soil conditioner is used in an amount of 100-200 kg/mu, the nitrogen is applied in a proportion of 10-15%, the phosphorus is applied in a proportion of 30-50%, and the potassium is applied in a proportion of 10-45%;
in the scheme S2, the proportion of the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is 55-60%, the proportion of the controlled-release potassium fertilizer is 30-80%, the dosage of the soil conditioner is 100-200 kg/mu, the proportion of the nitrogen is 20-30%, the proportion of the phosphorus is 30-50%, and the proportion of the potassium is 10-45%;
in the scheme S3, the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is applied at a ratio of 75-80%, the controlled-release potassium fertilizer is applied at a ratio of 30-80%, the soil conditioner is used at an amount of 100-200 kg/mu, the nitrogen is applied at a ratio of 30-40%, the phosphorus is applied at a ratio of 30-50%, and the potassium is applied at a ratio of 10-45%;
(3) And (3) calculating the corresponding fertilization amount to fertilize according to the nutrient subtracting scheme in the step (2) and the citrus fertilization basic formula in the step (1).
The fertilization method can still improve the yield and the agronomic utilization rate of nutrients of the oranges under the condition of reducing the amount of hypertrophy of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, remarkably improve the quality of the oranges, effectively improve the soil of the citrus orchard, and greatly reduce the fertility of the fertilization, and is particularly suitable for long-term continuous use.
In addition, at present, farmers generally purchase compound fertilizers, the formulas are fixed, and even if conditional enterprises, households, cooperation or medium and large fruit farms can adjust the fertilizer proportion according to the formulas, a controlled-release fertilizer application method is basically not provided, so that the blending proportion of the controlled-release fertilizer is difficult to accurately design under the condition of reducing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients.
One of the biggest characteristics of the invention is that the fertilizer formula which accords with the local climate and soil conditions can be designed independently according to local conditions. Farms, cooperatives, households and enterprises can design the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient reducing scheme based on the controlled-release fertilizer and the conditioner on site according to the local original formula and the technology provided by the invention, and the method is simple and convenient to operate. The method not only can design a formula according to local conditions, reduce the dosage of chemical fertilizers and improve the utilization rate of the chemical fertilizers, but also can greatly reduce the input cost and reduce the environmental pollution. In addition, the method has good guiding effect and reference value for fertilizer production enterprises, and the fertilizer production enterprises can adjust the formula according to the method, so that the special fertilizer suitable for different climatic conditions and soil fertility levels can be produced, and the production cost of the enterprises can be effectively reduced.
In the invention, in the establishment of a nutrient reducing scheme, the proportion of the controlled release fertilizer is set to be more than or equal to 30 percent; the reduction ratio of nitrogen nutrient and potassium nutrient is set to 10% -45%. The arrangement is to seek the balance between the proportion of the controlled release fertilizer and the proportion of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients reduced application under the condition of considering meeting the nutrition requirement of the citrus on the basis of a large number of experiments. In other words, if the proportion of the controlled release fertilizer is too low, the controlled release fertilizer basically does not have a reduced space, and if the proportion of the nitrogen and potassium nutrients is too high, the nutrient requirements of oranges are difficult to meet, so that the accuracy and the reliability of the method can be ensured, and the weight loss without yield reduction is really realized.
In addition, the dosage of the soil conditioner product is 100-200 kg/mu, and the soil conditioner product containing nutrient elements such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, silicon and the like can not only effectively supplement trace elements in soil and remarkably improve the acidity of the soil, but also can generate interaction effect with controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer when the dosage is more than 100 kg/mu so as to remarkably reduce the dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer.
Preferably, the controlled release nitrogen fertilizer and the controlled release potassium fertilizer are respectively and independently designed into two types of 50-90d and 150-210d according to the length of the controlled release period; in the controlled release nitrogen fertilizer, the mass ratio of the two is (60-70): (30-40); in the controlled-release potash fertilizer, the mass ratio of the two is (30-40): (60-70). The invention is designed in such a way that the growth period of the citrus is longer, and the fertilizer-requiring period mainly comprises three periods of flower bud differentiation-bud setting period, flowering and fruit setting period and fruit expanding period, so that the controlled release fertilizer is designed into two controlled release periods according to the nutrient requirement rule of the citrus, the aim is to meet the requirement of the flowering and fruit setting period and the fruit expanding period on nitrogen and potassium nutrition, the designed controlled release period cannot be too short, otherwise, the nutrition requirement of the citrus in the whole growth period is difficult to meet, and the later period of the citrus growth is possibly caused to remove fertilizer; the controlled release period cannot be too long, otherwise, nutrients cannot be released, so that the nutrients are not supplied enough in the early stage of citrus growth, and the fertilizer efficiency is affected.
Preferably, in the nutrient reducing scheme, when the controlled-release potash fertilizer is prepared at a ratio of 30-40%, the potassium reducing ratio is 10-20%; when the proportion of the controlled-release potash fertilizer is 50-60%, the proportion of potassium is reduced to 20-35%; when the proportion of the controlled-release potash fertilizer is 70-80%, the proportion of potassium is 35-45%.
Preferably, the controlled release nitrogen fertilizer is at least one of resin or sulfur resin coated urea, resin or sulfur resin coated ammonium phosphate, resin or sulfur resin coated potassium nitrate, resin or sulfur resin coated ammonium sulfate and resin or sulfur resin coated ammonium chloride. The controlled-release potash fertilizer is at least one of resin or sulfur resin coated potassium sulfate, resin or sulfur resin coated potassium chloride and resin or sulfur resin coated potassium nitrate.
Preferably, the soil conditioner is a calcium silicate potassium magnesium fertilizer. Conditioner products which meet the national standard (GBT 36207-2018) or are produced according to the invention patent (CN 111732478B) or soil conditioner products which contain nutrient elements such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, silicon and the like.
Preferably, the fertilization is carried out according to the fertilization amount calculated in the step (3), and the fertilization mode is as follows: the base application or the cave application is carried out along the drip line at one time. The number of the hole application is more than or equal to 5 holes/plant or uniformly spread on the ground surface, and then 10 cm to 20cm of soil is ploughed to uniformly mix the fertilizer with the soil. The optimal fertilization period is bud differentiation-bud emergence period.
Preferably, the citrus fertilisation base formulation of step (1) is: n0.3-0.75 kg/strain, P 2 O 5 0.15-0.45 kg/strain, K 2 O0.25-0.7 kg/strain. The fertilizer is preferably determined according to the soil testing prescription fertilization technical specification (2011 revised edition) or the fruit fertilizer method.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the fertilization method can enable a planter to design a fertilizer formula according to local climate and soil conditions according to local conditions, can improve the yield and nutrient agronomic utilization rate of oranges under the condition of greatly reducing the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, remarkably improve the quality of oranges, effectively improve the soil of a citrus orchard, improve the fertility of the oranges, reduce the fertilizer consumption, improve the utilization rate of the fertilizers, greatly reduce the input cost and reduce the environmental pollution, and has good guiding effect and reference value for farms, cooperatives, households and enterprises.
Detailed Description
The conception and technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with examples below to fully understand the objects, aspects and effects of the present invention.
Example 1:
the fertilizing method provided by the invention can be used for large households of seed fruits, cooperation companies or citrus planting enterprises, and mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) Determining a citrus fertilization basic formula; the method can be specifically determined according to the soil testing formula fertilization technical specification (2011 revised edition) or the fruit fertilizer fixing method.
Specifically, the amount of nitrogen (N) applied to citrus according to the fruit fertilizer method is 0.3-0.75 kg/plant, shi Lin (P 2 O 5 ) The amount is 0.15-0.45 kg/strain, shi Jia (K) 2 O) is 0.25-0.7 kg/strain, and in this example, N is 0.65 kg/strain, shi Lin (P) 2 O 5 ) The amount was 0.3 kg/strain, shi Jia (K) 2 O) of 0.5 kg/strain, i.e. the basic formula is N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O=6.5-3-5。
(2) Specifically, according to the local climate, soil condition and cost budget, an NPK nutrient reducing proportion table is determined according to the proportion of the controlled release fertilizer and the dosage of the conditioner to formulate a reducing scheme.
Specifically, in this example, the climate is a typical subtropical climate in the middle and downstream of Yangtze river, precipitation is mainly concentrated in the last half year, rain and heat are the same season, the content of sand grains in the soil is equal to or greater than 50%, the content of organic matters is equal to or less than 1%, the content of organic matters is 0.68%, the soil is relatively barren and is unfavorable for preserving fertilizer and water, therefore, the proportion of the controlled release fertilizer is preferably over 50%, but is not limited to the proportion of the controlled release fertilizer is over 50%, and the proportion of the NPK nutrient is determined according to the proportion of the controlled release fertilizer and the amount of the conditioner, so that the proportion of the NPK nutrient is reduced according to the proportion of the controlled release fertilizer, and an embodiment is formulated as shown in table 1.
Table 1 navel orange Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient reducing scheme
(3) And (3) calculating the corresponding fertilization amount according to the reduced implementation scheme in the step (2) and the basic fertilization formula in the step (1).
Particularly in this embodiment. The implementation scheme of the step (2) is as follows:
1. the mixing proportion of the controlled-release urea is 55%, the mixing proportion of the controlled-release potassium sulfate is 50%, and the dosage of the soil conditioner is 180 kg/mu, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) 2 O 5 ) And potassium element (K) 2 O) nutrient reduction rates are 25%, 40% and 25%, the corresponding nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient reduction rates are 0.16, 0.12 and 0.12 kg/plant, and the actual applied nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient reduction rates are 0.49, 0.18 and 0.38 kg/plant (marked as D1), respectively.
2. Under the conditions that the mixing proportion of the controlled-release urea is 55%, the mixing proportion of the controlled-release potassium sulfate is 70% and the dosage of the soil conditioner is 180 kg/mu, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) 2 O 5 ) And potassium element (K) 2 O) nutrient reduction rates are 25%, 40% and 40%, respectively, the corresponding nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient reduction rates are 0.16, 0.12 and 0.2 kg/plant, and the actual applied nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient reduction rates are 0.49, 0.18 and 0.3 kg/plant (marked as D2), respectively.
3. Under the conditions that the mixing proportion of the controlled-release urea is 75%, the mixing proportion of the controlled-release potassium sulfate is 50% and the dosage of the soil conditioner is 180 kg/mu, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) 2 O 5 ) And potassium element (K) 2 O) nutrient reduction rates are 35%, 40% and 25%, respectively, the corresponding nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient reduction rates are 0.23, 0.12 and 0.12 kg/plant, and the actual applied nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient amounts are 0.42, 0.18 and 0.38 kg/plant (marked as D3), respectively.
4. Under the conditions that the mixing proportion of the controlled-release urea is 75%, the mixing proportion of the controlled-release potassium sulfate is 70% and the dosage of the soil conditioner is 180 kg/muNitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) 2 O 5 ) And potassium element (K) 2 O) nutrient reduction rates are 35%, 40% and 40%, respectively, the corresponding nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient reduction rates are 0.23, 0.12 and 0.2 kg/plant, and the actual applied nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient amounts are 0.42, 0.18 and 0.3 kg/plant (marked as D4), respectively.
Finally, the physical application amount of the fertilizer is calculated according to the pure nutrient content of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (see table 3), and the fertilizing scheme is subjected to Gannan navel orange planting field test, and specific navel orange yield and quality data are shown in tables 4-5. The invention also calculates economic benefits, and the specific results are shown in Table 8.
The method provided by the invention can be used for guiding fertilizer production enterprises to produce fertilizers with different specifications, the fertilizer production enterprises can directly determine the NPK nutrient reduction proportion table according to the distribution proportion of the controlled-release fertilizer and the using amount of the conditioner according to the requirements of users to carry out formula adjustment, and the fertilizer meeting the requirements of the proportion can be directly applied to fruit farmers.
At present, most fertilizer production enterprises have mastered the production technology and method of common special compound fertilizers for citrus. If the special compound fertilizer is added with the coated controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer, the coated controlled-release potassium fertilizer and the soil conditioner (particles), the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium nutrient can be adjusted by determining the NPK nutrient decreasing proportion table according to the proportion of the controlled-release fertilizer and the dosage of the conditioner on the basis of the original formula. For example, the formula of the common special compound fertilizer for citrus is 24-10-16, and the mixing proportion of controlled-release urea is 55%, the mixing proportion of controlled-release potassium sulfate is 50% and the dosage of soil conditioner is 180 kg/mu, and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) 2 O 5 ) And potassium element (K) 2 O) the nutrient reduction ratio is calculated to be 25%, 40% and 25%, respectively, then the citrus formulation can be adjusted to 18-6-12; according to the mixing proportion of 55 percent of controlled-release urea, 70 percent of controlled-release potassium sulfate and 180 kg/mu of soil conditioner dosage, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) 2 O 5 ) And potassium element (K) 2 O) the nutrient reduction ratio is calculated to be 25%, 40% and 40%, respectively, then the citrus formulation can be adjusted to 18-6-10; according to the mixing proportion of 75 percent of controlled-release urea, the controlled-release urea is controlledUnder the conditions that the mixing proportion of the potassium sulfate is 50 percent and the dosage of the soil conditioner is 130 kg/mu, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) 2 O 5 ) And potassium element (K) 2 O) the nutrient reduction ratio is 35%, 35% and 25%, respectively, then the citrus formulation can be adjusted to 16-7-12; according to the mixing proportion of 75 percent of the controlled-release urea, 70 percent of the controlled-release potassium sulfate and 130 kg/mu of the soil conditioner, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) 2 O 5 ) And potassium element (K) 2 O) nutrient reduction rates of 35%, 35% and 40%, respectively, then the citrus formulation can be adjusted to 16-7-10.
Enterprises can completely produce according to the formula when producing fertilizers, so that the production cost of the enterprises can be reduced, and the nutrient input can be effectively reduced, the fertilizer utilization rate can be improved, the soil acidity can be improved, and the nutrient content of the soil can be increased under the condition that the fertilizing amount (except the soil conditioner amount) is the same as that of the common special compound fertilizer.
Example 2:
the citrus light simplified fertilization method for realizing weight losing and efficiency increasing provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) Determining a citrus fertilization basic formula; the method can be specifically determined according to the soil testing formula fertilization technical specification (2011 revised edition) or the fruit fertilizer fixing method.
Specifically, the amount of nitrogen (N) applied to citrus according to the fruit fertilizer method is 0.3-0.75 kg/plant, shi Lin (P 2 O 5 ) The amount is 0.15-0.45 kg/strain, shi Jia (K) 2 O) is 0.25-0.7 kg/plant, in this example, nanfeng orange (N) is 0.5 kg/plant, shi Lin (P) 2 O 5 ) The amount was 0.3 kg/strain, shi Jia (K) 2 O) of 0.4 kg/strain, i.e. the basic formula is N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O=5-3-4。
(2) Nutrient-reducing regimens are formulated, specifically based on local soil and climate conditions and cost budgets.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the climate is a typical subtropical climate in the middle and downstream of the Yangtze river, the precipitation is mainly concentrated in the last half year, the rain and heat are the same season, the content of soil clay is not less than 40%, the content of organic matters is not less than 1%, the content of organic matters is 1.44%, the soil is rich, fertilizer and water are maintained, the controlled release fertilizer application proportion is preferably less than 50% under the condition of considering the cost, but is not limited to the controlled release fertilizer application proportion being less than 50%, the NPK nutrient application reduction proportion table is determined according to the controlled release fertilizer application proportion and the conditioner dosage, and the scheme of reducing the NPK nutrient is formulated as shown in table 2.
Table 2 mandarin orange nitrogen phosphorus potassium nutrient reducing regimen
(3) And (3) calculating the corresponding fertilization amount according to the reduced-fertilization scheme formulated in the step (2) and the basic fertilization formula determined in the step (1).
Particularly in this embodiment. The implementation scheme of the step (2) is as follows:
1. under the conditions that the mixing proportion of the controlled-release urea is 35 percent, the mixing proportion of the controlled-release potassium sulfate is 30 percent and the dosage of the soil conditioner is 150 kg/mu, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) 2 O 5 ) And potassium element (K) 2 O) nutrient reduction ratios are respectively 10%, 40% and 15%, corresponding nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient reduction amounts are respectively 0.05 kg/plant, 0.12 kg/plant and 0.06 kg/plant, and actual nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient reduction amounts are respectively 0.45 kg/plant, 0.18 kg/plant and 0.34 kg/plant (marked as H1).
2. Under the conditions that the mixing proportion of the controlled-release urea is 35 percent, the mixing proportion of the controlled-release potassium sulfate is 50 percent and the dosage of the soil conditioner is 150 kg/mu, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) 2 O 5 ) And potassium element (K) 2 O) nutrient reduction rates are respectively 10%, 40% and 30%, corresponding nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient reduction rates are respectively 0.05 kg/plant, 0.12 kg/plant and 0.12 kg/plant, and actual nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient reduction rates are respectively 0.45 kg/plant, 0.18 kg/plant and 0.28 kg/plant (marked as H2).
3. Under the conditions that the mixing proportion of the controlled-release urea is 35 percent, the mixing proportion of the controlled-release potassium sulfate is 70 percent and the dosage of the soil conditioner is 150 kg/mu, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) 2 O 5 ) And potassium element (K) 2 O) nutrient reduction ratio is respectively 10%, 40% and 40%, and the corresponding nitrogenThe reduced amounts of the elements, phosphorus and potassium were 0.05, 0.12 and 0.16 kg/plant, and the actual amounts of the elements, phosphorus and potassium were 0.45, 0.18 and 0.24 kg/plant (marked as H3), respectively.
4. The mixing proportion of the controlled-release urea is 55%, the mixing proportion of the controlled-release potassium sulfate is 30%, and the dosage of the soil conditioner is 150 kg/mu, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) 2 O 5 ) And potassium element (K) 2 O) nutrient reduction rates are 25%, 40% and 15%, the corresponding nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient reduction rates are 0.12, 0.12 and 0.06 kg/plant, and the actual applied nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient amounts are 0.38, 0.18 and 0.34 kg/plant (marked as H4), respectively.
5. Under the conditions that the mixing proportion of the controlled-release urea is 75%, the mixing proportion of the controlled-release potassium sulfate is 30% and the dosage of the soil conditioner is 150 kg/mu, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) 2 O 5 ) And potassium element (K) 2 O) nutrient reduction rates are 35%, 40% and 15%, the corresponding nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient reduction rates are 0.18, 0.12 and 0.06 kg/plant, and the actual applied nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient amounts are 0.32, 0.18 and 0.34 kg/plant (marked as H5), respectively. Finally, the physical application amount of the fertilizer is calculated according to the pure nutrient content of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (see table 9 in detail), and the fertilization scheme is subjected to a Nanfeng orange planting field test, and the specific orange yield and quality data are shown in tables 10-11. The invention also calculates economic benefits, and the specific results are shown in Table 14.
The method provided by the invention can be used for guiding fertilizer production enterprises to produce fertilizers with different specifications, the fertilizer production enterprises can directly determine the NPK nutrient reduction proportion table according to the distribution proportion of the controlled-release fertilizer and the using amount of the conditioner according to the requirements of users to carry out formula adjustment, and the fertilizer meeting the requirements of the proportion can be directly applied to fruit farmers.
At present, most fertilizer production enterprises have mastered the production technology and method of common special compound fertilizers for citrus. If the special compound fertilizer is added with the coated controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer, the coated controlled-release potassium fertilizer and the soil conditioner (particles), the NPK nutrient reducing proportion table is only required to be used for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium according to the controlled-release fertilizer proportion and the conditioner dosage on the basis of the original formulaThe literacy is adjusted. For example, the formula of the common special compound fertilizer for citrus is 24-10-16, and under the conditions that the mixing proportion of controlled-release urea is 35%, the mixing proportion of controlled-release potassium sulfate is 30% and the dosage of soil conditioner is 150 kg/mu, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) 2 O 5 ) And potassium element (K) 2 O) the nutrient reduction ratio is calculated to be 10%, 40% and 15%, respectively, then the citrus formulation can be adjusted to 22-6-14; according to the mixing proportion of 35 percent of the controlled-release urea, 50 percent of the controlled-release potassium sulfate and 150 kg/mu of the soil conditioner, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) 2 O 5 ) And potassium element (K) 2 O) the nutrient reduction ratio is calculated to be 10%, 40% and 30%, respectively, then the citrus formulation can be adjusted to 22-6-11; according to the mixing proportion of 35 percent of the controlled-release urea, 70 percent of the controlled-release potassium sulfate and 150 kg/mu of the soil conditioner, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) 2 O 5 ) And potassium element (K) 2 O) the nutrient reduction ratio is 10%, 40% and 40% respectively, and the citrus formulation can be adjusted to 22-6-10; according to the mixing proportion of 55 percent of controlled-release urea, 30 percent of controlled-release potassium sulfate and 150 kg/mu of soil conditioner dosage, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) 2 O 5 ) And potassium element (K) 2 O) the nutrient reduction ratio is 25%, 40% and 15%, respectively, then the citrus formulation can be adjusted to 18-6-14; according to the mixing proportion of 75 percent of controlled-release urea, 30 percent of controlled-release potassium sulfate and 150 kg/mu of soil conditioner dosage, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) 2 O 5 ) And potassium element (K) 2 O) nutrient reduction rates of 35%, 40% and 15%, respectively, then the citrus formulation can be adjusted to 16-6-14.
Enterprises can completely produce according to the formula when producing fertilizers, so that the production cost of the enterprises can be reduced, and the nutrient input can be effectively reduced, the fertilizer utilization rate can be improved, the soil acidity can be improved, and the nutrient content of soil can be increased under the condition that the fertilizing amount (except for soil conditioner) is the same as that of common special compound fertilizers.
Test example 1:
test site: ganzhou city, ganzhou county, jiangkou Cana Lin Cunfan fruit industry Co-ordinates.
Test varieties: navel orange variety: newhol; age of tree: for 10 years.
And (3) test design: the test uses common chemical fertilizer, no decrement and three times as control treatment (CK), test examples D1, D2, D3 and D4 are test treatments, total 5 treatments are repeated for 3 times, 15 cells are provided, 5 navel orange trees are provided in each cell, each cell adopts random group arrangement, and the first tree and the last tree of each cell are marked correspondingly. Each mu is counted by 42 strains. The test was continuously conducted for 3 years.
The fertilization method comprises the following steps: the controlled release BB fertilizer and the soil conditioner are uniformly spread on the ground along the water dripping line when the base fertilizer is applied every year, and then ploughed for 10-20cm to uniformly mix the fertilizer with the soil, and specific fertilization amounts are formulated according to Table 1, and are shown in Table 3.
The sampling method comprises the following steps: 3 trees with uniform growth vigor are selected in each district for measuring and sampling every year in the mature period of the navel orange, each tree is independently produced in a counting mode, 5 navel orange fruits with uniform sizes are collected in 4 different directions of each tree to be mixed into one sample, and quality indexes are measured.
Table 3 navel orange fertilizing amount
Note that: the nitrogen content of the controlled release urea is more than or equal to 40 percent, and the controlled release period is 65d and 160d according to 65 percent: 35% of the components are mixed; controlled release potassium sulfate containing potassium (K) 2 O) is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the controlled release period is 60d and 180d according to 30 percent: 70% of the components are mixed together to form the product.
TABLE 4 navel orange yield
Treatment of First year (kg/plant) Second year (kg/plant) Third year (kg/plant)
CK 56.2 43.6 61.1
D1 56.4 47.2 62.8
D2 57.1 48.8 63.6
D3 56.7 50.4 65.2
D4 58.5 47.9 64.3
TABLE 5 navel orange quality
Table 6 agronomic utilization of navel orange nutrient
TABLE 7 navel orange garden soil nutrient content and acidification characterization
Table 8 navel orange economic benefits accounting
Test example 2:
test site: and (3) a village water conservancy bureau garden farm in Qingzhou nan Feng county in white house.
Test varieties: nanfeng orange; age of tree: for 7 years.
And (3) test design: the test uses common chemical fertilizer, no decrement and three times as control treatment (CK), test examples H1, H2, H3, H4 and H5 are 6 treatments, each treatment is repeated for 3 times, 18 cells are total, 4 Nanfeng orange trees are arranged in groups, each cell adopts random group arrangement, the first tree and the last tree of each cell are marked correspondingly, and 35 plants are counted per mu. The test was continuously conducted for 3 years.
The fertilization method comprises the following steps: the controlled release BB fertilizer and the soil conditioner are uniformly spread on the ground surface along the water dripping line when the base fertilizer is applied every year, and then ploughed for 10-20cm to uniformly mix the fertilizer with the soil. Specific fertilization amounts were formulated according to table 2, see table 9.
The sampling method comprises the following steps: 3 trees with uniform growth vigor are selected in each district for measuring and sampling every year in the mature period of the mandarin orange, each tree is independently produced, 5 mandarin orange fruits with uniform size are collected in 4 different directions and mixed into one sample, and quality indexes are measured.
Table 9 fertilizing amount of honey orange
Note that: the nitrogen content of the controlled release urea is more than or equal to 40 percent, and the controlled release period is 65d and 160d according to 65 percent: 35% of the components are mixed; controlled release potassium sulfate containing potassium (K) 2 O) is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the controlled release period is 60d and 180d according to 30 percent: 70% of the components are mixed together to form the product.
TABLE 10 yield of mandarin orange
Treatment of First year (kg/plant) Second year (kg/plant) Third year (kg/plant)
CK 71.3 97.5 78.6
H1 72.6 102.0 81.3
H2 74.2 99.3 82.7
H3 70.1 104.2 84.6
H4 73.9 109.6 87.4
H5 75.7 113.3 89.5
Table 11 quality of honey orange
Table 12 agronomic utilization of mandarin orange nutrients
Table 13 nutrient content and acidification characteristics of the mandarin orange garden soil
Table 14 accounting of economic benefits of mandarin orange
In conclusion, the fertilization method provided by the invention can improve the yield of navel oranges and Nanfeng oranges under the condition of reducing the amount of hypertrophy of nitrogen and phosphorus and application, the continuous application yield increasing effect is relatively more obvious, the agronomic utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients is greatly increased, the solid acid ratio and Vc content of the navel oranges and Nanfeng oranges are obviously improved, the quality of the fruits of the navel oranges and Nanfeng oranges is obviously improved, the pH value, the salt-based saturation, the content of available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium in the soil of the navel oranges and orange gardens are greatly improved, the acid content of the soil of the navel oranges and orange gardens is reduced, and the fertility is improved.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but is merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention should be construed as being limited to the above embodiments as long as the technical effects of the present invention are achieved by the same means. Various modifications and variations are possible in the technical solution and/or in the embodiments within the scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. The fertilizing method for realizing weight-losing synergy of citrus is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Determining a citrus fertilization basic formula;
(2) Formulating a nutrient-reducing regimen comprising one of regimen S1, regimen S2 and regimen S3;
in the scheme S1, the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is applied in a proportion of 35%, the controlled-release potassium fertilizer is applied in a proportion of 30-70%, the soil conditioner is used in an amount of 150 kg/mu, the nitrogen is applied in a proportion of 10%, the phosphorus is applied in a proportion of 40%, and the potassium is applied in a proportion of 15%;
in the scheme S2, the proportion of the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is 55%, the proportion of the controlled-release potassium fertilizer is 30-70%, the dosage of the soil conditioner is 150-180 kg/mu, the proportion of the nitrogen element is 25%, the proportion of the phosphorus element is 40%, and the proportion of the potassium element is 25-40%;
in the scheme S3, the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is applied at a ratio of 75%, the controlled-release potassium fertilizer is applied at a ratio of 30-70%, the soil conditioner is used at an amount of 150-180 kg/mu, the nitrogen is applied at a ratio of 35%, the phosphorus is applied at a ratio of 40%, and the potassium is applied at a ratio of 15-40%;
(3) And (3) calculating the corresponding fertilization amount to fertilize according to the nutrient subtracting scheme in the step (2) and the citrus fertilization basic formula in the step (1).
2. The method of fertilizing as recited in claim 1, wherein the controlled release nitrogen fertilizer is at least one of resin or sulfur resin coated urea, resin or sulfur resin coated ammonium phosphate, resin or sulfur resin coated potassium nitrate, resin or sulfur resin coated ammonium sulfate and resin or sulfur resin coated ammonium chloride.
3. The method of fertilizing according to claim 1, wherein the controlled-release potash fertilizer is at least one of resin or sulfur-plus-resin coated potassium sulfate, resin or sulfur-plus-resin coated potassium chloride and resin or sulfur-plus-resin coated potassium nitrate.
4. The fertilizing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer and the controlled-release potassium fertilizer are respectively 50-90d and 150-210d according to the controlled-release period; in the controlled release nitrogen fertilizer, the mass ratio of the two is (60-70): (30-40); in the controlled-release potash fertilizer, the mass ratio of the two is (30-40): (60-70).
5. The fertilizing method as recited in claim 1, wherein the soil conditioner is a silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer.
6. The fertilizing method as recited in claim 1, wherein the fertilizing is performed according to the fertilizing amount calculated in the step (3), in the manner of: the base application or the cave application is carried out along the drip line at one time.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the citrus fertilization base formula of step (1) is: n0.3-0.75 kg/strain, P 2 O 5 0.15-0.45 kg/strain, K 2 O0.25-0.7 kg/strain.
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