CN103787742A - Special compound fertilizer for tobacco and application method thereof - Google Patents
Special compound fertilizer for tobacco and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103787742A CN103787742A CN201410007449.0A CN201410007449A CN103787742A CN 103787742 A CN103787742 A CN 103787742A CN 201410007449 A CN201410007449 A CN 201410007449A CN 103787742 A CN103787742 A CN 103787742A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special compound fertilizer for tobacco and an application method thereof. A granular compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing, stirring and crushing 2 to 10 mass percent of urea, 5 to 20 mass percent of ammonium phosphate fertilizer, 5 to 15 mass percent of potassium nitrate, 10 to 30 mass percent of potassium sulfide, 0 to 15 mass percent of lignosulfonate, 0 to 20 mass percent of coal, 5 to 20 mass percent of attapulgite and 0 to 2 mass percent of borax and performing granulation, drying, cooling and screening, and is doped and uniformly mixed with 0 to 5 mass percent of granular lime nitrogen to prepare a special compound fertilizer finished product for tobacco, and the compound fertilizer finished product is matched with other fertilizers for application 5 to 15 days before the transplantation of tobacco seedlings. The formula of the special compound fertilizer for tobacco has high practicability for southern tobacco areas, and the serious problems of soil acidification and the like caused by conventional fertilizer application formula can be solved; in addition, certain amounts of medium trace elements and synergist are added in the formula, so that requirements on mineral nutrition in a tobacco plant development process can be met, the utilization rate of nutrition is increased, the number of fertilizer application times is reduced, and the yield of tobacco plants and the quality of tobacco leaves are remarkably improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, be specifically related to grow tobacco compound fertilizer special and an application method thereof.
Background technology
Tobacco is the crop that a kind of economic worth is higher, all has plantation all over the world.According to statistics, nearly 4,000,000 hm of the existing tobacco planting area in the whole world
2, wherein China reaches 141.2 ten thousand hm
2, account for 1/3rd of world's total area.Simultaneously, the economic benefit of tobacco relies on the quality of tobacco leaf to realize to a great extent, but compared with other crop, tobacco has its singularity on its nutrient characteristics, as the demand of nitrogenous fertilizer presented to low trend after front height, the absorbing rule of phosphorus, potassium is shown as to seedling stage demand few, the middle and later periods demand of nourishing and growing is large.Therefore, the rational application of fertilizer is particularly important on the impact of cigarette quality.A lot of scholars have done a large amount of work from aspects such as rate of fertilizer, fertilizer variety and fertilizing methods, and have made significant headway.
But, at present the most tobacco blend fertilizer in south causes the serious phenomenon of soil acidification because using in a large number potassium sulfate for a long time for local Zhi Yan district before alleviating, and the proportion that constantly increases saltpetre in tobacco blend fertilizer has caused significantly lifting and the utilization rate of fertilizer decline of fertilizer cost.In addition, the research of the absorbing rule to tobacco different shape nitrogen in existing tobacco blend fertilizer is also relatively short of, and seldom relates to the proportioning of different shape nitrogen nutrient, affects balance and the utilization of nitrogen nutrient.Therefore, for China particularly the soil of Main Tobacco-growing Regions In South started to occur acidifying in various degree, organic and full potassium content declines, the phenomenon of part soil nitrogen accumulation, must start with from the selection in different nitrogen potassium nutritions source, suitably control using of nitrogenous fertilizer, focus on the proportioning of Fertilizer N Forms, rationally adjust the proportioning in different potassium source, develop a kind of efficient tobacco composite fertilizer special of applicable locality.And owing to thinking little of for a long time the absorption of centering trace element, Main Tobacco-growing Regions In South most of soils all presents middle trace element deficiency in various degree, the necessary middle micro-nutrient absorbing rule for tobacco and China's cigarette district soil nutrient Condition of abundance or deficiency, trace element in suitably adding in tobacco composite fertilizer special.Meanwhile, conventional smoke grass planting process fertilizer application frequency is more, generally needs 4-5 time, and labour intensity is large.Therefore, how to simplify fertilization program, reduce labour intensity, improve fertilising efficiency also become problem in the urgent need to address in current production.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides grow tobacco compound fertilizer special and an application method thereof, in conjunction with southern Zhi Yan district soil physico-chemical property change, tobacco regulation of fertilizer requirement and field experiment result, prepare tobacco compound fertilizer special.Carry out science apolegamy by the nitrogenous source to different shape, different potassium source, trace element and synergistic agent in interpolation, make this fertilizer there is the function that slows down nutrient releasing speed, can significantly improve plant recovery of nutrient, meet the demand of tobacco to nutrient, reduce the number of times that topdresses, reduce labour intensity and improve yield of tobacco and quality.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
One compound fertilizer special that grows tobacco, in its composition of raw materials, each component and massfraction thereof are as follows:
Urea 2～10%;
Lime nitrogen 0～5%;
Ammonium phosphate fertilizers 5～20%;
Saltpetre 5～15%;
Potassium sulfate 10～30%;
Sulfonated lignin 0～15%;
Coal 0～20%;
Attapulgite 5～20%;
Borax 0～2%;
The massfraction sum of above-mentioned each component is 100%.
The preparation method of tobacco compound fertilizer special is by urea, ammonium phosphate fertilizers, saltpetre, potassium sulfate, sulfonated lignin, coal, Attapulgite and borax mix and blend, pulverizing, granulation, oven dry, cooling, sub-sieve, the Chemical Mixed Fertilizer of granulation shape, mix again particulate state lime nitrogen and mix, make tobacco compound fertilizer special finished product.
Described ammonium phosphate fertilizers comprises monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, ammonium metaphosphate, ammonium pyrophosphate or ammonium polyphosphate.
Described sulfonated lignin comprise ammonium lignosulphonate, sodium lignosulfonate, lignosulfonic acid potassium, calcium lignin sulphonate or magnesium lignosulfonate.
Described coal comprises peat, brown coal or weathered coal.
The fineness of described coal is at 40 order ~ 100 orders; The fineness of described Attapulgite is at 40 order ~ 100 orders.
The particle diameter of gained tobacco compound fertilizer special is 3 ~ 5 mm.
The application method of tobacco compound fertilizer special, is 5-15 days application of organic fertilizers before cigarette transplantation of seedlings, and uses magnesium hydroxide by 10kg/ mu, use tobacco compound fertilizer special by 60-80 kg/ mu, overlay film is waited to transplant simultaneously; Within 15-20 after cigarette transplantation of seedlings days, use saltpetre as carrying seed manure by 3 kg/ mus, and after transplanting 25-35 days every mu use 8-10 kg potassium sulfate and 12-15 kg saltpetre as topdressing.
remarkable advantage of the present invention is:
(1) nitrogen nutrient in tobacco compound fertilizer special of the present invention comprises cyanamide state nitrogen, amidonitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitric nitrogen; Potassium attainment subpackage sulfur acid potassium and saltpetre; Middle trace element in component comprises calcium, magnesium, sulphur and boron.Trace element and synergistic agent in rationally adding by the regulation and control of different nitrogen sources and potassium source proportioning and in formula, can improve plant recovery of nutrient and meet the requirement to mineral nutrition in cigarette strain growth course, obviously improves the quality of cigarette strain output and tobacco leaf.
(2) tobacco compound fertilizer special of the present invention is take sulfonated lignin, coal and Attapulgite as synergistic agent, and added the long-acting nitrogen fertilizers such as lime nitrogen, and can slow down to a certain extent fertilizer nutrient release rate, improve plant recovery of nutrient, reduce the number of times that topdresses, reduce labour intensity.
(3) preparation of tobacco compound fertilizer special of the present invention is nutrient Condition of abundance or deficiency, tobacco regulation of fertilizer requirement and the field experiment result in conjunction with southern Zhi Yan district soil, a large amount of nutrient element proportionings and selecting of nutrient form have theoretical property and practicality, can overcome the problems such as soil acidification that existing fertilizer application formula brings, make formula there is stronger specificity.
(4) production technique of tobacco compound fertilizer special of the present invention is simple, and production cost is lower, uses conveniently, compared with conventional tobacco fertilising scheme, has increased the amount of application of base manure, has reduced topdressing amount and the number of times that topdresses, and can significantly reduce fertilizer and labor cost.
Embodiment
embodiment mono-
One compound fertilizer special that grows tobacco, is to be 4% urea by massfraction, 17% diammonium phosphate, 10% saltpetre, 30% potassium sulfate, 10% ammonium lignosulphonate, 14% weathered coal, 14% Attapulgite, 1% borax, mix and blend, pulverizing, granulation, oven dry, cooling, sub-sieve, making diameter is the granular tobacco compound fertilizer special finished product of 3mm, further dry again, cooling, pack.
The fineness of described weathered coal is at 40 orders; The fineness of described Attapulgite is at 40 orders.
The application method of tobacco compound fertilizer special: at first 5 days application of organic fertilizers of cigarette transplantation of seedlings, and use magnesium hydroxide by 10kg/ mu, use tobacco compound fertilizer special simultaneously by 60 kg/ mus, overlay film is waited to transplant; Within 15 days after cigarette transplantation of seedlings, use saltpetre as carrying seed manure by 3 kg/ mus, and after transplanting 25 days every mu use 8 kg potassium sulfate and 12 kg saltpetre as topdressing.
embodiment bis-
One compound fertilizer special that grows tobacco, is to be 2% urea by massfraction, 20% monoammonium phosphate, 5% saltpetre, 29% potassium sulfate, 20% brown coal, 20% Attapulgite, 2% borax, mix and blend, pulverizing, granulation, oven dry, cooling, sub-sieve, the Chemical Mixed Fertilizer of granulation shape, mix granular 2% lime nitrogen again and mix, making diameter is the granular tobacco compound fertilizer special finished product of 4mm, more further dries, cooling, pack.
The fineness of described brown coal is at 60 orders; The fineness of described Attapulgite is at 60 orders.
The application method of tobacco compound fertilizer special: at first 10 days application of organic fertilizers of cigarette transplantation of seedlings, and use magnesium hydroxide by 10kg/ mu, use tobacco compound fertilizer special simultaneously by 70 kg/ mus, overlay film is waited to transplant; Within 18 days after cigarette transplantation of seedlings, use saltpetre as carrying seed manure by 3 kg/ mus, and after transplanting 30 days every mu use 9 kg potassium sulfate and 13 kg saltpetre as topdressing.
embodiment tri-
One compound fertilizer special that grows tobacco, is to be 10% urea by massfraction, 5% ammonium polyphosphate, 15% saltpetre, 10% potassium sulfate, 15% magnesium lignosulfonate, 20% peat, 20% Attapulgite, mix and blend, pulverizing, granulation, oven dry, cooling, sub-sieve, the Chemical Mixed Fertilizer of granulation shape, mix granular 5% lime nitrogen again and mix, making diameter is the granular tobacco compound fertilizer special finished product of 5mm, more further dries, cooling, pack.
The fineness of described peat is at 100 orders; The fineness of described Attapulgite is at 100 orders.
The application method of tobacco compound fertilizer special: at first 15 days application of organic fertilizers of cigarette transplantation of seedlings, and use magnesium hydroxide by 10kg/ mu, use tobacco compound fertilizer special simultaneously by 80 kg/ mus, overlay film is waited to transplant; Within 20 days after cigarette transplantation of seedlings, use saltpetre as carrying seed manure by 3 kg/ mus, and after transplanting 35 days every mu use 10 kg potassium sulfate and 15 kg saltpetre as topdressing.
embodiment tetra-
One compound fertilizer special that grows tobacco, is to be 9% urea by massfraction, 20% ammonium metaphosphate, 15% saltpetre, 30% potassium sulfate, 15% sodium lignosulfonate, 5% Attapulgite, 2% borax, mix and blend, pulverizing, granulation, oven dry, cooling, sub-sieve, the Chemical Mixed Fertilizer of granulation shape, mix granular 4% lime nitrogen again and mix, making diameter is the granular tobacco compound fertilizer special finished product of 4mm, more further dries, cooling, pack.
The fineness of described Attapulgite is at 100 orders.
The application method of tobacco compound fertilizer special: at first 10 days application of organic fertilizers of cigarette transplantation of seedlings, and use magnesium hydroxide by 10kg/ mu, use tobacco compound fertilizer special simultaneously by 75 kg/ mus, overlay film is waited to transplant; Within 16 days after cigarette transplantation of seedlings, use saltpetre as carrying seed manure by 3 kg/ mus, and after transplanting 28 days every mu use 9 kg potassium sulfate and 14 kg saltpetre as topdressing.
embodiment five
One compound fertilizer special that grows tobacco, is to be 5% urea by massfraction, 12% ammonium pyrophosphate, 8% saltpetre, 26% potassium sulfate, 13% lignosulfonic acid potassium, 16% weathered coal, 16% Attapulgite, 1% borax, mix and blend, pulverizing, granulation, oven dry, cooling, sub-sieve, the Chemical Mixed Fertilizer of granulation shape, then mix granular 3% lime nitrogen and mix, making diameter is the granular tobacco compound fertilizer special finished product of 3mm, further dry again, cooling, pack.
The fineness of described weathered coal is at 80 orders; The fineness of described Attapulgite is at 100 orders.
The application method of tobacco compound fertilizer special: at first 8 days application of organic fertilizers of cigarette transplantation of seedlings, and use magnesium hydroxide by 10kg/ mu, use tobacco compound fertilizer special simultaneously by 65 kg/ mus, overlay film is waited to transplant; Within 19 days after cigarette transplantation of seedlings, use saltpetre as carrying seed manure by 3 kg/ mus, and after transplanting 26 days every mu use 8 kg potassium sulfate and 13 kg saltpetre as topdressing.
embodiment six
One compound fertilizer special that grows tobacco, is to be 8% urea by massfraction, 18% diammonium phosphate, 14% saltpetre, 24% potassium sulfate, 14% calcium lignin sulphonate, 11% peat, 10% Attapulgite, mix and blend, pulverizing, granulation, oven dry, cooling, sub-sieve, the Chemical Mixed Fertilizer of granulation shape, mix granular 1% lime nitrogen again and mix, making diameter is the granular tobacco compound fertilizer special finished product of 5mm, more further dries, cooling, pack.
The fineness of described peat is at 60 orders; The fineness of described Attapulgite is at 80 orders.
The application method of tobacco compound fertilizer special: at first 12 days application of organic fertilizers of cigarette transplantation of seedlings, and use magnesium hydroxide by 10kg/ mu, use tobacco compound fertilizer special simultaneously by 69 kg/ mus, overlay film is waited to transplant; Within 17 days after cigarette transplantation of seedlings, use saltpetre as carrying seed manure by 3 kg/ mus, and after transplanting 32 days every mu use 10 kg potassium sulfate and 12 kg saltpetre as topdressing.
2007-2013, the fertilising scheme that local tobacco department of the Main Tobacco Planting districts such as tobacco compound fertilizer special of the present invention and Sanming City, Nan Ping and Longyan is recommended is compared:
1) test site: Sanming City Qiangyue County
Test period: 2007
Tobacco bred: dark green
Testing program: embodiment 1～2 fertilizer sample is chosen in this test and two comparative examples are processed.Comparative example is local fertilizer special for tobacco formula, within first 10 days, applies and fertilizer and the magnesium hydroxide of embodiment equivalent in cigarette transplantation of seedlings, and every mu, base manure is used Chemical Mixed Fertilizer (12-7-22) 58 kg, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 20 kg, and overlay film is waited to transplant; And impose saltpetre 3kg every mu of latter 20 days of transplanting, transplant latter 30 days every mu impose 5kg saltpetre and 5kg potassium sulfate, transplant latter 45 days every mu impose 5kg saltpetre, after pinching again every mu impose 5kg potassium sulfate.Test-results is shown in Table 1.
The manure trial of table 1 Sanming City
2) test site: Nanping City's Shaowu City
Test period: 2009
Tobacco bred: K326
Testing program: embodiment 3～4 fertilizer samples are chosen in this test and two comparative examples are processed.Comparative example is local fertilizer special for tobacco formula, within first 10 days, applies and fertilizer and the magnesium hydroxide of embodiment equivalent in cigarette transplantation of seedlings, applies respectively Chemical Mixed Fertilizer (12.5-8-22.5) and fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate by the consumption of every mu of 30 kg and 25kg simultaneously, and overlay film is waited to transplant; And impose saltpetre 3kg every mu of latter 20 days of transplanting, transplant latter 30 days every mu impose 15kg saltpetre and 5kg potassium sulfate, transplant latter 45 days every mu impose 5kg saltpetre, after pinching again every mu impose 10kg potassium sulfate.Test-results is shown in Table 2.
The manure trial of table 2 Nanping City
3) test site: Xinluo District, Longyan
Test period: 2013
Tobacco bred: cloud and mist 87
Testing program: embodiment 5～6 fertilizer samples are chosen in this test and two comparative examples are processed.Comparative example is local fertilizer special for tobacco formula, within first 10 days, applies and fertilizer and the magnesium hydroxide of embodiment equivalent in cigarette transplantation of seedlings, applies respectively Chemical Mixed Fertilizer (12.5-8-22.5) and fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate by the consumption of every mu of 30 kg and 25kg simultaneously, and overlay film is waited to transplant; And impose saltpetre 3kg every mu of latter 20 days of transplanting, transplant latter 30 days every mu impose 15kg saltpetre and 5kg potassium sulfate, transplant latter 45 days every mu impose 5kg saltpetre, after pinching again every mu impose 10kg potassium sulfate.Test-results is shown in Table 3.
The manure trial of table 3 Longyan
Show through manure trial, tobacco compound fertilizer special of the present invention can obviously improve yield of tobacco and quality, and average volume increase can reach 5.5%～11.3%, improves 7.2～11.6 percentage points of first-class tobacco ratios, and every mu increases income 210～436 yuan.In addition, this fertilizer can also slow down fertilizer nutrient release rate to a certain extent, improves plant recovery of nutrient 4.64～10.11%, reduce and topdress for 2 times, average every mu of extra human cost of saving drops into 120～150 yuan, therefore, has good economy, ecology and social benefit.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, all equalizations of doing according to the present patent application the scope of the claims change and modify, and all should belong to covering scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the compound fertilizer special that grows tobacco, is characterized in that: in the composition of raw materials of described compound fertilizer special, each component and massfraction thereof are as follows:
Urea 2～10%;
Lime nitrogen 0～5%;
Ammonium phosphate fertilizers 5～20%;
Saltpetre 5～15%;
Potassium sulfate 10～30%;
Sulfonated lignin 0～15%;
Coal 0～20%;
Attapulgite 5～20%;
Borax 0～2%;
The massfraction sum of above-mentioned each component is 100%.
2. tobacco compound fertilizer special according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: its preparation method is by urea, ammonium phosphate fertilizers, saltpetre, potassium sulfate, sulfonated lignin, coal, Attapulgite and borax mix and blend, pulverizing, granulation, oven dry, cooling, sub-sieve, the Chemical Mixed Fertilizer of granulation shape, mix again particulate state lime nitrogen and mix, make tobacco compound fertilizer special finished product.
3. tobacco compound fertilizer special according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described ammonium phosphate fertilizers comprises monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, ammonium metaphosphate, ammonium pyrophosphate or ammonium polyphosphate.
4. tobacco compound fertilizer special according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described sulfonated lignin comprise ammonium lignosulphonate, sodium lignosulfonate, lignosulfonic acid potassium, calcium lignin sulphonate or magnesium lignosulfonate.
5. tobacco compound fertilizer special according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described coal comprises peat, brown coal or weathered coal.
6. tobacco compound fertilizer special according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the fineness of described coal is at 40 order ~ 100 orders; The fineness of described Attapulgite is at 40 order ~ 100 orders.
7. tobacco compound fertilizer special according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the particle diameter of gained tobacco compound fertilizer special is 3 ~ 5 mm.
8. the application method of a tobacco compound fertilizer special as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: 5-15 days application of organic fertilizers before cigarette transplantation of seedlings, and use magnesium hydroxide by 10kg/ mu, and use tobacco compound fertilizer special with 60-80 kg/ mu simultaneously, overlay film is waited to transplant; Within 15-20 after cigarette transplantation of seedlings days, use saltpetre as carrying seed manure by 3 kg/ mus, and after transplanting 25-35 days every mu use 8-10 kg potassium sulfate and 12-15 kg saltpetre as topdressing.
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| CN103980055A (en) * | 2014-05-31 | 2014-08-13 | 重庆市中绿农业开发有限责任公司 | Special organic/inorganic compound fertilizer for tobacco |
| CN104163739A (en) * | 2014-08-12 | 2014-11-26 | 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Special fertilizer for flue-cured tobaccos in alkalescent tobacco-planting soil as well as preparation method and application of special fertilizer |
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| CN106717421A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-05-31 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | One soil testing and formulated fertilization method for growing tobacco |
| CN107586217A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2018-01-16 | 安徽国祯生态科技股份有限公司 | A kind of gramineous crop xanthohumic acid kind biomass fertilizers and its application |
| CN107353156A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2017-11-17 | 广西中烟工业有限责任公司 | A kind of tobacco multicomponent fertilizer containing humus and preparation method thereof |
| CN107445709A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2017-12-08 | 湖南金叶众望科技股份有限公司 | A kind of high magnesium low-sulfur special base fertilizer for tobacco |
| CN110294654A (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2019-10-01 | 金华万里神农农业科技有限公司 | A kind of fertilizer special for tobacco and its preparation method and application |
| CN110294654B (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2021-10-22 | 金华万里神农农业科技有限公司 | Special fertilizer for tobacco and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN110651580A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2020-01-07 | 湖南农业大学 | Fertilizing method for tobacco in rice-crop tobacco area |
| CN110651580B (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2022-10-18 | 湖南农业大学 | Fertilizing method for tobacco in rice-crop tobacco area |
| CN116606180A (en) * | 2023-05-25 | 2023-08-18 | 广东省科学院南繁种业研究所 | Combined fertilizer for tobacco and fertilizing method thereof |
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