CN110606791A - Special slow release fertilizer for rice and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special slow release fertilizer for rice and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110606791A CN110606791A CN201910875695.0A CN201910875695A CN110606791A CN 110606791 A CN110606791 A CN 110606791A CN 201910875695 A CN201910875695 A CN 201910875695A CN 110606791 A CN110606791 A CN 110606791A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special slow release fertilizer for rice, which comprises 90-110 parts of coated urea, 90-110 parts of large-particle urea, 780-activated 820 parts of compound fertilizer and 20-30 parts of soil conditioner in parts by weight. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the special slow release fertilizer for rice, which comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing dispersion liquid of a coating material; spraying the redispersion liquid on the surface of the granular urea, and drying to prepare coated urea; and finally, mixing the coated urea, the granular urea, the compound fertilizer and the soil conditioner to prepare the special slow-release fertilizer for the rice. The slow release fertilizer is manufactured according to the fertilizer requirement rule of crops, the requirement of the rice in the whole growth period on nutrition can be met, the slow release fertilizer can release the nutrients only by applying 35-40 kg/mu of fertilizer at one time during soil preparation, the nutrients of the fertilizer are not easy to lose, the utilization rate is high, the purposes of reducing labor and cost can be achieved, and soil hardening and environmental pollution caused by fertilizer loss can be reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural fertilizers, and particularly relates to a special slow release fertilizer for rice and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The rice is an important grain crop in China, and is divided into indica rice and japonica rice, early rice and middle and late rice, glutinous rice and non-glutinous rice according to the types of rice; dividing into paddy rice and floating rice according to whether soilless culture is performed or not; dividing season rice and 'lazy rice' (overyear ratoon rice) according to the survival cycle; the rice is divided into common rice and giant rice about 2 meters according to the height; the method is divided into common light rice and sea rice according to saline-alkali tolerance. The planting area of the rice accounts for 26.6 percent of the sowing area of the whole grain, and the rice accounts for 43.6 percent of the total grain yield. Every 100 g of the health food contains 12.9 g of water, 346 kcal of energy, 1448 kj of energy, 12.7 g of protein, 0.9 g of fat, 72.4 g of carbohydrate, 0.6 g of dietary fiber, 1.1 g of ash, 0.08 mg of riboflavin, 2.6 mg of nicotinic acid, 0.7 mg of vitamin E (T), 8 mg of calcium, 106 mg of phosphorus, 49 mg of potassium, 21.5 mg of sodium, 12 mg of magnesium, 5.1 mg of iron, 0.69 mg of zinc, 4.6 mg of selenium, 0.52 mg of copper, 1.75 mg of manganese and 2.3 mg of iodine.
Rice is one of crops with more fertilizer, and generally, every 100kg of rice is produced, 1.6-2.5kg of nitrogen, 0.8-1.2kg of phosphorus and 2.1-1.3kg of potassium are needed. The yield per mu of the rice is large, so the requirement of the rice planting on chemical fertilizer is large, and the large amount of the applied common chemical fertilizer can meet the growth of the rice, but the release speed is high, so the requirement of the rice on nutrition in the whole growth period can not be ensured. Meanwhile, the requirement of the rice on the continuity and uniformity of nitrogen requirement is higher, the absorption amount of the rice on nitrogen reaches the peak in the tillering vigorous period and the heading and flowering period, the yield of starch can be improved by applying the nitrogen fertilizer, and the yield of the starch is positively correlated with the size of rice grains, the yield is low and the quality of rice is high. Common chemical fertilizers commonly used for rice have short fertilizer efficiency, low utilization rate and large using amount, and the requirement of crops on nutrients in the whole growth period can be met only by applying additional fertilizers for multiple times in the production process, so that the limitations of large fertilizing times, labor and time waste, low labor production efficiency and the like exist all the time. The slow release fertilizer for rice on the market has longer fertilizer efficiency than common fertilizers, the fertilizer utilization rate is high, the fertilizing times are slightly reduced, but fertilizer supplement is needed at the later stage.
The economy of China develops rapidly in recent decades, but the economy brings very serious problems at the same time. On one hand, the discharge of three wastes and the unreasonable application of fertilizers, pesticides, fertilizers and the like lead the total farmland area polluted by heavy metals to increasingly occupy the whole cultivated land in China. Heavy metal pollution not only causes the soil fertility to be reduced, but also probably causes the heavy metal content of agricultural products to exceed the national standard, harms human and livestock health, and seriously influences the environmental quality and economic sustainable development. On the other hand, most slow release fertilizer series products on the market can hardly reach the biodegradation standard, not only increase the soil burden, but also have certain influence on crops.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the defects and the defects mentioned in the background technology are overcome, and the special slow-release fertilizer for the rice is provided, the slow-release effect of nutrients can be achieved according to the proportion of the requirements of the rice in the whole growth period on the nutrients, the requirements of the rice in any period of growth on the nutrients can be guaranteed, the utilization rate can be improved, the fertilizing frequency and labor force can be reduced, and the soil hardening and the environmental pollution caused by fertilizer loss can be reduced.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a special slow release fertilizer for rice comprises, by weight, 90-110 parts of coated urea, 90-110 parts of large-particle urea (2.8-4.0 mm), 780-doped 820 parts of compound fertilizer and 20-30 parts of soil conditioner.
Preferably, the soil conditioner mainly comprises 50-60 wt% (20-25 wt%) biochar, bamboo ash and a compound microbial agent in a mass ratio of (5-8). The compound microbial agent is purchased from Biochemical engineering science and technology of Yangshao in Henan province, and comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bifidobacterium and silicate bacteria. The biochar contains alkaline substances, and the alkaline substances can be quickly released after the biochar is added into acid soil, so that the acidity of part of the soil is neutralized, the pH of the soil is increased, and the pH can be generally increased by 0.18-0.66 unit; meanwhile, the biochar has more gaps and large specific surface area, and can adsorb basic ions such as potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium and the like in soil; the bamboo ash contains higher organic components, so that the water holding capacity of soil can be improved; the addition of the compound microorganism can activate soil and improve the microbial environment of the soil.
The slow release fertilizer special for rice is preferably composed of urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, borax, humic acid, liquid ammonia, plant nutrient, chitosan oligosaccharide and anticaking agent according to the mass ratio of (320) -350: (270) -300: 320-350: 1-3: 2-4: 20-30: 8-12: 0.5-1: 5-10: 1-4. The chitosan oligosaccharide can change soil flora, promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms, induce the disease resistance of plants, and have the effects of immunizing and killing various fungi, bacteria and viruses.
Preferably, the humic acid is mineral source humic acid.
Preferably, the plant nutrient consists of trinexapac-ethyl, active amino acid, potassium indolebutyrate and plant source auxiliary material straw powder in a mass ratio of (10-12) to (9-11) to (5-7) to (30-40). The plant nutrient can enhance the lodging resistance of rice, improve the disease resistance of a fertilization object, promote cell division and cell proliferation, promote the meristem of plant roots and supplement essential amino acids for plants.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the coated material in the coated urea to the urea is 1:5-8, and the coated material is composed of cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane and pigment in the mass ratio of (6-12) - (8-18) - (10-16) - (0-0.5).
Preferably, the total nutrient in the special slow release fertilizer for rice is more than or equal to 50%, and N: p2O5：K2O (24-25): (9-10): (16-16.5), slow release nitrogen/total nitrogen is more than or equal to 15%.
As a general inventive concept, the invention also provides a preparation method of the special slow-release fertilizer for rice, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane, cellulose and pigment, adding the mixture into an organic solvent, continuously stirring the mixture to dissolve the mixture, and heating the mixture to prepare dispersion liquid of the coating material;
(2) spraying the dispersion liquid obtained in the step (1) on the surface of granular urea, and finally removing the organic solvent by using a drying method to prepare coated urea;
(3) the coated urea, the granular urea, the compound fertilizer and the soil conditioner are mixed to prepare the special slow-release fertilizer for the rice.
In the above preparation method, preferably, the heating temperature is 100-110 ℃.
In the above preparation method, preferably, the organic solvent is tetrachloroethylene.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the slow release fertilizer is manufactured according to the fertilizer requirement rule of rice crops, the reasonable proportion of the nutrition requirement in the whole growth period of rice can be met (generally, every 1000kg of rice is produced, 16-25kg of nitrogen, 6-13kg of phosphorus and 14-38kg of potassium are absorbed from soil), the phosphorus element absorption peak period is about 20 days after seedling transplantation (tillering period), the potassium absorption of rice is early, the potassium element absorption is basically completed before the ear emergence and flowering of rice, but the nitrogen element absorption peak period is in the rice tillering period and the rice young ear differentiation period and basically runs through the whole growth period of rice; therefore, the invention only needs to apply 35-40 kg/mu of fertilizer once during land preparation to slowly release nutrients, the nutrients of the fertilizer are not easy to lose, the utilization rate is high, the purposes of reducing labor and cost can be achieved, and soil hardening and environmental pollution caused by fertilizer loss can be reduced.
(2) The slow release fertilizer contains mineral source humic acid, chitosan oligosaccharide and a soil conditioner, can improve soil flora, increase soil nutrition, reduce soil acidification degree and total amount of water-soluble salt, improve soil water holding capacity, remove soil heavy metal, improve plant disease and insect pest resistance and improve soil environment; the addition of medium and trace elements and plant nutrients in the fertilizer can promote protein metabolism in rice, promote the growth of rice reproductive organs and raise stress resistance, and promote the growth of plant cell and root system.
(3) The slow release fertilizer has high nitrogen content and contains slow release nitrogen; as for the fertilizer, the monoammonium phosphate and the urea can form a macromolecular polymer to form a slow release fertilizer, but the slow release fertilizer is greatly influenced by weather and temperature and has poor uniformity and stability, and the slow release fertilizer is effectively formed by matching with the coated urea, so that the uniformity, the continuity and the stability are greatly enhanced, and the nutrient shortage in a certain growth period caused by too fast or too slow nutrient release is effectively avoided.
(4) The slow release urea adopts a novel coating process, the membrane shell can achieve biodegradation of more than 15% in a limited period, and the pollution to soil is reduced.
(5) The preparation method of the special slow release fertilizer for rice has simple and effective preparation process and is beneficial to industrial production; meanwhile, the stability and the uniformity of the coated urea are promoted, and the slow release effect of the coated urea is enhanced.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully and in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments below.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms of art used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
Example 1:
a special slow release fertilizer for rice comprises 100 parts of coated urea, 110 parts of large-particle urea, 780 parts of particle compound fertilizer and 20 parts of particle soil conditioner; wherein the granular compound fertilizer consists of urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, borax, humic acid, liquid ammonia, a plant nutrient, chitosan oligosaccharide and an anti-caking agent in a mass ratio of 330:275:350:1:2:20:10:0.5:5: 1; the plant nutrient is composed of trinexapac-ethyl, active amino acid, potassium indolebutyrate and plant source auxiliary material straw powder in a mass ratio of 11:10:5: 35; the soil conditioner consists of biochar, bamboo ash and compound microorganisms (purchased from Henan Yangshao Biochemical engineering science and technology company) in a mass ratio of 55:23: 7.
N in the special slow release fertilizer for rice is as follows: p2O5：K2O is 24.2:9.5:16.4, total nutrient is more than or equal to 50.1%, slow-release nitrogen/total nitrogen is about 18.2%, chlorine is contained, zinc, boron and humic acid are contained.
The preparation method of the special slow release fertilizer for rice comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 6 parts of cellulose, 8 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 10 parts of polyurethane and 0.1 part of pigment into tetrachloroethylene, heating to 110 ℃ to prepare dispersion liquid of the coating material, and spraying the dispersion liquid on the surface of granular urea to form a coating-urea composite material, wherein the ratio of the coating to the urea is 1:5, finally drying and removing the organic solvent to prepare coated urea;
(2) and then the coated urea, the large-particle urea, the particle compound fertilizer and the particle soil regulator are mixed in proportion to prepare the special slow-release fertilizer for the rice.
Example 2:
a special slow release fertilizer for rice comprises 105 parts of coated urea, 100 parts of large-particle urea, 790 parts of particle compound fertilizer and 30 parts of particle soil conditioner; wherein the granular compound fertilizer consists of urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, borax, humic acid, liquid ammonia, a plant nutrient, chitosan oligosaccharide and an anti-caking agent in a mass ratio of 340:280:340:3:4:30:8:1:10: 4; the plant nutrient is composed of trinexapac-ethyl, active amino acid, potassium indolebutyrate and plant source auxiliary material straw powder in a mass ratio of 12:9:7: 37; the soil conditioner consists of biochar, bamboo ash and compound microorganisms (purchased from Henan Yangshao Biochemical engineering science and technology company) in a mass ratio of 57:22: 6.
In the special slow release fertilizer for rice, N: p2O5：K2O is 24.4:9.8:16.1, total nutrient is more than or equal to 50.3%, slow-release nitrogen/total nitrogen is 18.9%, chlorine is contained, zinc, boron and humic acid are contained.
The preparation method of the special slow release fertilizer for rice comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 12 parts of cellulose, 18 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 16 parts of polyurethane and 0.5 part of pigment into tetrachloroethylene (the ratio of the coating material to the organic solvent is 50g/L), heating to 110 ℃ to prepare dispersion liquid of the coating material, and spraying the dispersion liquid on the surface of granular urea to form a coating-urea mixture with the ratio of 1: 8, finally drying and removing the organic solvent to prepare coated urea;
(2) and then the coated urea, the large-particle urea, the particle compound fertilizer and the particle soil regulator are mixed in proportion to prepare the special slow-release fertilizer for the rice.
Table 1: agronomic character data of rice (row spacing 15 x 30 cm)2)
As can be seen from the above table 1, the agronomic characters of the rice show that the average plant height of the test group applying the special fertilizer for the rice is increased by 3.6cm, the number of ears is increased by 0.4, the number of ears is increased by 4.6, the maturing rate is increased by 0.3 percentage point, and the yield per mu is increased by 61.56 kg.
Analysis of economic benefits
The test results show (table 2) that the two treatment input cost test groups per mu are 100 yuan, the control group is 126.18 yuan, the output value test group per mu is 1698.72 yuan, the control group is 1550.98 yuan, and the output and input ratios are respectively as follows: 16.99:1, 12.29: 1.
table 2: economic benefit analysis meter
Note: the price of the paddy is 2.4 yuan/kg, the price of the urea is 2.2 yuan/kg, the price of the calcium superphosphate is 0.8 yuan/kg, the price of the potassium chloride is 3.2 yuan/kg, the special formula compound fertilizer (19-12-17) (2.5 yuan/kg) and the slow controlled release fertilizer (25:9:16) is 2.5 yuan/kg.
According to the tracking of the test condition, the slow release fertilizer special for the rice is applied, compared with the conventional slow release fertilizer, the slow release fertilizer has the advantages of low investment, high yield and high yield-to-yield ratio, and meanwhile, the yellowing phenomenon does not occur in the later growth stage of the rice, so that the cost is reduced and the yield is increased in the production, and the slow release fertilizer plays a good role in guiding farmers to apply fertilizer reasonably.
Analyzing the cadmium content in the rice:
the cadmium content in the rice straws, rice and rice hulls in the control group and the example 2 group is tested, and the result shows that the cadmium enrichment in the rice can be reduced by applying the rice slow release fertilizer.
TABLE 3 data on cadmium content in rice
Claims (10)
1. A special slow release fertilizer for rice is characterized by comprising 90-110 parts of coated urea, 90-110 parts of large-particle urea, 780-820 parts of compound fertilizer and 20-30 parts of soil conditioner in parts by weight.
2. The slow release fertilizer special for rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil conditioner mainly comprises biochar, bamboo ash and a compound microbial agent in a mass ratio of (50-60) to (20-25) to (5-8).
3. The slow release fertilizer special for rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound fertilizer mainly comprises urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, borax, humic acid, liquid ammonia, plant nutrient, chitosan oligosaccharide and anticaking agent in the mass ratio of (320) -350: (270) -300: 320-350: (1-3): 2-4: 20-30: 8-12: 0.5-1: 5-10: 1-4.
4. The slow release fertilizer special for rice as claimed in claim 3, wherein the humic acid is mineral source humic acid.
5. The slow release fertilizer special for rice as claimed in claim 3, wherein the plant nutrient mainly comprises trinexapac-ethyl, active amino acid, potassium indolebutyrate and plant-derived adjuvant straw powder in a mass ratio of (10-12) to (9-11) to (5-7) to (30-40).
6. The slow release fertilizer special for rice as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the mass ratio of the coated material in the coated urea to the urea is 1:5-8, and the coated material is composed of cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane and pigment in the mass ratio of (6-12) to (8-18) to (10-16) to (0-0.5).
7. The slow release fertilizer special for rice as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein N: p2O5：K2O (24-25): (9-10): (16-16.5), slow release nitrogen/total nitrogen is more than or equal to 15%.
8. The preparation method of the special slow release fertilizer for rice as claimed in any one of claims 1-7, comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane, cellulose and pigment, adding the mixture into an organic solvent, continuously stirring the mixture to dissolve the mixture, and heating the mixture to prepare dispersion liquid of the coating material;
(2) spraying the dispersion liquid obtained in the step (1) on the surface of granular urea, and drying to prepare coated urea;
(3) the coated urea, the granular urea, the compound fertilizer and the soil conditioner are mixed to prepare the special slow-release fertilizer for the rice.
9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the heating temperature is 100-110 ℃.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the organic solvent is tetrachloroethylene.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111187122A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-05-22 | 湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所 | Preparation method of organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer special for rice based on organic waste |
| CN111848293A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-10-30 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | Special controlled-release formulated fertilizer for ratoon rice and lateral deep accurate fertilization method thereof |
| CN111848268A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-10-30 | 嘉施利（平原）化肥有限公司 | Urea slow-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN116003026A (en) * | 2022-12-01 | 2023-04-25 | 交通运输部公路科学研究所 | Ecological vegetation concrete base material and preparation method thereof |
| WO2023115323A1 (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2023-06-29 | 江苏省农业科学院 | One-step fertilization and industrial seedling raising method for rice |
| GB2616332A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2023-09-06 | Jiangsu Acad Agricultural Sci | One-step fertilization and industrial seedling raising method for rice |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111187122A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-05-22 | 湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所 | Preparation method of organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer special for rice based on organic waste |
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| CN111848268A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-10-30 | 嘉施利（平原）化肥有限公司 | Urea slow-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN111848293A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-10-30 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | Special controlled-release formulated fertilizer for ratoon rice and lateral deep accurate fertilization method thereof |
| WO2023115323A1 (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2023-06-29 | 江苏省农业科学院 | One-step fertilization and industrial seedling raising method for rice |
| GB2616332A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2023-09-06 | Jiangsu Acad Agricultural Sci | One-step fertilization and industrial seedling raising method for rice |
| CN116003026A (en) * | 2022-12-01 | 2023-04-25 | 交通运输部公路科学研究所 | Ecological vegetation concrete base material and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20191224 |