CN111187122A - Preparation method of organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer special for rice based on organic waste - Google Patents
Preparation method of organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer special for rice based on organic waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN111187122A CN111187122A CN202010054369.6A CN202010054369A CN111187122A CN 111187122 A CN111187122 A CN 111187122A CN 202010054369 A CN202010054369 A CN 202010054369A CN 111187122 A CN111187122 A CN 111187122A
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004831 Hot glue Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[K] Chemical compound [P].[K] RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011527 polyurethane coating Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 14
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007320 rich medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001477 organic nitrogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010803 wood ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers and discloses a preparation method of an organic-inorganic long-acting special fertilizer for rice based on organic waste materials, wherein a mixed material A is prepared from amino acid downstream products, thermal power plant chicken manure plant ash, humic acid, biochar and a microbial agent; carrying out polyurethane and hot melt adhesive layered coating on urea to obtain premix B; the premix A and the premix B are mixed according to the proportion according to the soil nutrient conditions and the yield requirements of different regions to form the organic-inorganic long-acting rice special compound fertilizer with different proportions. According to the invention, acidic amino acid downstream products are mixed with alkaline chicken manure plant ash, acid and alkali are neutralized, meanwhile, citric soluble phosphorus in the plant ash is converted into part of water soluble phosphorus by utilizing the acidity of the amino acid, so that the utilization efficiency of the phosphorus is improved, and the humic acid or biochar is added, so that a certain complexing effect on medium and trace elements in the fertilizer is achieved, and the utilization rate of nutrients in the fertilizer is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer special for rice based on organic waste.
Background
Currently, the closest prior art: after the acid hydrolysis method is used for producing qualified medical and edible amino acid, a large amount of low-content amino acid products can be formed, the utilization value is low, a large amount of acid is contained, the utilization is limited, most of the low-content amino acid products can only become waste which needs to be specially stored, and a small amount of the low-content amino acid products can be used for producing amino acid foliar fertilizers and can be used as organic fertilizer raw materials.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows: the downstream product of the acid hydrolysis amino acid contains a large amount of hydrochloric acid, the pH value is very low, the direct utilization of the downstream product can affect the growth of crops, the downstream product serving as the amino acid foliar fertilizer has too little utilization amount, and the downstream product serving as the amino acid foliar fertilizer is used as a raw material of an organic fertilizer, if the consumption is too large, the conductivity in the organic fertilizer is very easy to cause high, the root growth, the seedling death and the fertilizer damage of the crops are affected, the problems in facility cultivation are more prominent, the chicken manure plant ash is used as an acid soil modifier mainly at the present stage because the alkalinity is too strong, the economic value is not high, the application is.
The difficulty of solving the technical problems is as follows: the downstream product of the acidic amino acid has high salt content and contains more chloride ions (about 16 percent), the application range is limited when the downstream product is applied to chlorine-avoiding crops, the influence of the growth of the crops can be caused, the pH value is too low, the soil acidification can be accelerated when the downstream product is directly applied, the chicken manure plant ash cannot be directly applied due to high pH value, the water content is low, the ash is easily raised, and the application is very inconvenient.
The significance of solving the technical problems is as follows: the fertilizer neutralizes acidic amino acid downstream products by utilizing the alkalinity of the chicken manure plant ash, adjusts the pH value of the fertilizer to be neutral, and solves the problem that the two raw materials can not be independently used; humic acid and biochar are added, so that the harm of salt to crops is further eliminated, and meanwhile, the effectiveness of nutrient elements in the fertilizer can be improved; the microbial bacteria are added, so that the fertilizer activity is increased, and the stress resistance of crops can be improved; the inorganic nitrogen fertilizer adopts the sustained and controlled release coated urea, so that one-time fertilization in the whole growth period of the nitrogen fertilizer can be realized, and the fertilization times and labor are reduced; meanwhile, the effective components in the organic waste are utilized in a targeted manner, so that a good way for realizing resource utilization is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of an organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer special for rice based on organic waste.
The invention is realized in such a way that a preparation method of organic-inorganic long-acting special fertilizer for rice based on organic waste comprises the following steps:
firstly, adding an amino acid downstream product, chicken manure plant ash, humic acid, biochar, and a microbial bacterium into a binder, granulating in a disc granulator at a rotation speed of 30 revolutions per minute for 5 minutes, drying at 80 ℃, cooling, and screening to obtain a mixed material A with a particle size of 1-4 mm;
step two, putting urea into a disc granulator, heating to 65-70 ℃, uniformly spraying a polyurethane coating liquid on the surface of the urea in a secondary mode, rotating at the speed of 35 r/min for 10min, then heating a hot melt adhesive to 140 ℃, uniformly spraying the hot melt adhesive on the surface of urea granules coated with polyurethane, after coating for 2min, stopping heating, cooling and coating the urea granules, and discharging to obtain a premix B, wherein the coating amount is 6.5-7%;
and step three, mixing the premix A and the premix B according to the proportion according to the soil nutrient conditions and the yield requirements of different regions to form the organic-inorganic long-acting compound fertilizer special for rice with different proportions.
Further, in the first step, the preparation method of the blend A comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the downstream amino acid product with the chicken manure plant ash according to the ratio of 4:6, standing for 15 days, and turning for multiple times; according to the nutrient content in amino acid and plant ash, proper addition of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer can be made into different N-P2O5-K2The proportion of O;
(2) adding humic acid 10-15% or biochar 10-15% and Bacillus subtilis 0.2-0.4%, and mixing;
(3) putting the raw materials into a disk granulator, rotating the disk at the rotating speed of 30 r/min, spraying organic fertilizer granulating adhesive, granulating, and drying at the temperature of about 80 ℃ to obtain a blended material A for later use.
Further, in the second step, the method further includes: the release period is determined according to the growth periods of different varieties of rice, the release period is adjusted within 60-90 days, the release period is adjusted mainly by adjusting the coating thickness of coated urea, the coating amount of polyurethane is 2.5-3%, and the coating thickness of hot melt adhesive accounts for 4% of the total thickness.
In the second step, the amount of coated urea is added according to the actual required amount of the nitrogen of the rice.
In the third step, 0.5% of adhesive is added for material preparation.
The invention also aims to provide the long-acting special fertilizer for rice cultivation prepared by the preparation method of the organic and inorganic long-acting special fertilizer for rice based on the organic waste.
In summary, the advantages and positive effects of the invention are: the organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer special for rice contains not less than 20% of organic matter and N-P2O5-K2O is not less than 25 percent, the product contains 3 percent of amino acid, 0.2 hundred million/g of microbial bacteria and a certain amount of medium and trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese and zinc, the pH value of the fertilizer is 6.9, 3-4 percent of nitrogen is organic nitrogen, and the rest of nitrogen is slow-release nitrogen with the release period of 60-90 days, so that one-time fertilization is realized, the organic and inorganic microorganisms are matched, the light fertilization is realized, and the waste can be comprehensively utilized.
The fertilizer of the invention consists of amino acid downstream products and chicken manure grass woodAsh, humic acid, microorganism bacteria, biochar and coated urea; wherein the content of amino acid in downstream amino acid products can reach about 14 percent, and simultaneously, the downstream amino acid products also contain 40 percent of organic matters, are relatively high-quality fertilizer resources and have a pH value of about 3; the heat-engine plant chicken manure plant ash has high phosphorus and potassium contents respectively reaching 10-11 percent and 11-13 percent, rich medium and trace elements and Ca (calcium)>20.84 percent; MgO (magnesium)>5.27％；SO3(Sulfur)>11.04 percent; CL (chlorine)>7.47%; NaO (sodium)>3.39％；SiO2(silicon)>2.48％；Fe2O3(iron)>0.74％；Al2O3(aluminum)>0.52 percent; MnO (manganese)>0.26 percent; ZnO (Zinc)>0.24 percent; CuO (copper)>0.05 percent. Is a relatively good resource of phosphorus, potassium and medium trace elements.
According to the invention, acidic amino acid downstream products are mixed with alkaline chicken manure plant ash, acid and alkali are neutralized, so that the harm of the acid and alkali to crops is eliminated, meanwhile, citric soluble phosphorus in the plant ash is converted into part of water soluble phosphorus by utilizing the acidity of the amino acid, the utilization efficiency of the phosphorus is improved, and the humic acid or biochar is added, so that a certain complexing effect on medium and trace elements in the fertilizer is realized, and the utilization rate of nutrients in the fertilizer is improved.
The invention also adds the coated controlled release urea. Years of experiments prove that the coated controlled-release urea can reduce the nitrogen fertilizer dosage by 20 percent, reduce the fertilization times, reduce the labor cost and continuously provide the required nitrogen nutrition for crops compared with the common urea.
The invention is different from the existing organic and inorganic fertilizers which mainly use livestock and poultry manure and chemical fertilizers, and mainly utilizes amino acid, high-phosphorus and high-potassium nutrients and rich medium and trace elements which have the effect of promoting the growth of crops in organic waste materials to comprehensively utilize wastes, and utilizes the slow release effect of coated urea on nitrogen fertilizer to develop an organic and inorganic long-acting special fertilizer suitable for the growth characteristics of rice.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation method of an organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer special for rice based on organic waste materials, which is provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of an organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer special for rice based on organic waste, and the invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The organic and inorganic long-acting special fertilizer for rice based on organic waste provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises amino acid downstream products, chicken manure plant ash, humic acid, microorganism bacteria, biochar and coated urea.
As shown in fig. 1, the preparation method of the organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer special for rice based on organic waste provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101, preparing a mixed material A by using an amino acid downstream product, chicken manure plant ash, humic acid, biochar and a microbial agent.
S102, carrying out polyurethane and hot melt adhesive layered coating on urea at 65-70 ℃, wherein the coating amount is 6.5% -7%, and obtaining premix B.
S103, mixing the premix A and the premix B according to the proportion according to the soil nutrient conditions and the yield requirements of different regions to form the organic-inorganic long-acting compound fertilizer special for rice with different proportions.
In step S101, the preparation method of the blend a provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
(1) mixing the downstream product of the acidic amino acid with the chicken manure plant ash according to the ratio of 4:6, standing for 15 days, and turning for multiple times; according to the nutrient content in amino acid and plant ash, proper addition of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer can be made into different N-P2O5-K2And (4) the proportion of O.
(2) Adding humic acid 10-15% or biochar 10-15% and Bacillus subtilis 0.2-0.4%.
(3) Adding organic fertilizer adhesive, granulating, and drying at about 80 deg.C to obtain mixture A.
In the second step provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes: the release period is determined according to the growth period of different varieties of rice, and is adjusted within 60-90 days.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1:
the middle rice pot experiment is provided with three treatments: no fertilizer application (CK); organic and inorganic long-acting fertilizer special for rice; chemical fertilizers (urea, superphosphate, potassium chloride). The fertilizer dosage is applied according to the application of 0.1g of pure nitrogen per 1kg of soil, and the proportion is as follows: N-P2O5-K212-5-8 percent of O, three times of chemical fertilizer urea, one time of organic and inorganic long-acting special fertilizer for rice, and one time of phosphorus and potassium as base fertilizer. The yield results show that: the yield of the organic and inorganic long-acting special fertilizer for rice is increased by more than 8 percent compared with the chemical fertilizer, the plant height is lower than that of the chemical fertilizer, and the effective spike number is higher than that of the chemical fertilizer, which shows that the organic and inorganic long-acting special fertilizer for rice has a stable growth effect, especially the continuous stable growth of nitrogen fertilizer, can prevent rice from overgrowing, and has an obvious lodging prevention effect.
Example 2:
the field test of late rice, the test is provided with three treatments and three growth repetitions, and the area of a cell is 30M2And (3) test treatment: no fertilizer application (CK); chemical fertilizers (urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride are applied in a matching way); the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratios of the organic and inorganic long-acting fertilizer special for rice are as follows: N-P2O5-K212-6-8 percent of O, 20 percent of organic matters, three times of application of chemical fertilizer nitrogen, one time of application of phosphorus and potassium as base fertilizer and one time of application of organic and inorganic long-acting special fertilizer for paddy rice, and the result shows that: the yield of the organic and inorganic long-acting fertilizer special for rice is increased by 20.4 percent compared with the yield of the chemical fertilizer, the grain-straw ratio is reduced by 5.4 percent, and the ear length and the weight average of thousand grains are higher than those of the chemical fertilizer. Shows that the fertilizer effect of the organic and inorganic long-acting fertilizer special for rice is stable and long-acting, and can form effective crop productsAmount of the compound (A).
Example 3:
the direct seeding germination test of rice is carried out by setting three times of treatment: no fertilizer application (CK); organic and inorganic long-acting fertilizer special for rice; chemical fertilizer (urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride) with fertilizing amount of N-P2O5-K212-5-8 percent of O, 50 percent of urea is applied, phosphorus and potassium are applied as base fertilizers at one time, organic and inorganic long-acting special fertilizers for rice are applied at one time, and the results show that: the bacterial emergence rates of the three treated paddy rice are respectively 86.4%, 87.67% and 86.33%, and the application of the chemical fertilizer and the organic-inorganic long-acting paddy rice fertilizer has no influence on the direct seeding emergence rate of the paddy rice and can be safely applied.
Example 4
The mixed reaction material of the downstream product of the acidic amino acid and the chicken manure plant ash is detected in a microorganism product detection center in the rural area of agriculture, wherein the content of organic matters is 19.6 percent, the total nitrogen is 6.51 percent, and the P content is2O55.06% (wherein the water solubility is 69.1%), K2O8.93%, Pb6.8mg/kg, no Cr, Hg, As were detected, Cd8.2mg/kg.
The organic-inorganic long-acting special fertilizer for rice based on organic waste materials, provided by the invention, is composed of acidic amino acid downstream products, thermal power plant chicken manure and plant ash, humic acid, microbial bacteria, biochar and coated urea, is different from the existing organic-inorganic fertilizer mainly comprising livestock manure and chemical fertilizer, and is developed by mainly utilizing amino acid and high-phosphorus and high-potassium nutrients which have a promoting effect on crop growth in the organic waste materials for comprehensive utilization of wastes and utilizing the slow release effect of the coated urea on nitrogen fertilizer, wherein the specific proportion of the organic-inorganic long-acting special fertilizer is that the acidic amino acid downstream products are used as follows: mixing the chicken manure and plant ash of a thermal power plant in a weight ratio of 4:6, carrying out neutralization reaction, raising the reaction temperature to about 40 ℃, reacting for 15 days, turning the middle part for several times to facilitate the uniform and thorough reaction, preparing a mixture, crushing and sieving the raw materials, adding 10-15% of humic acid, 10-15% of charcoal, 0.2-0.4% of bacillus subtilis and 0.5% of an adhesive by mass of the mixture, granulating, and adding the amount of coated urea according to the required amount of medium rice nitrogen. The coating amount of the polyurethane is 2.5-3%, and the coating thickness of the hot melt adhesive accounts for 4% of the total thickness.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of an organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer special for rice based on organic waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, adding an adhesive into an amino acid downstream product, chicken manure plant ash, humic acid, biochar and microbial bacteria, granulating, drying, cooling and screening to prepare a mixed material A;
step two, heating urea to 65-70 ℃, uniformly spraying a polyurethane coating liquid on the surface of the urea, coating, heating a hot melt adhesive, uniformly spraying the hot melt adhesive on the surface of urea particles coated with polyurethane, coating, stopping heating, cooling while coating, and discharging to obtain a premix B;
and step three, mixing the premix A and the premix B according to different soil nutrient conditions and yield requirements to form the organic-inorganic long-acting rice special compound fertilizer with different proportions.
2. The preparation method of organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer special for rice based on organic waste material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, the preparation method of the admixture A comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the downstream amino acid product with the chicken manure plant ash according to the ratio of 4:6, standing for 15 days, and turning for multiple times; according to the nutrient content in amino acid and plant ash, proper addition of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer can be made into different N-P2O5-K2The proportion of O;
(2) adding humic acid 10-15% or biochar 10-15% and Bacillus subtilis 0.2-0.4%, and mixing;
(3) putting the raw materials into a disk granulator, rotating the disk at the rotating speed of 30 r/min, spraying organic fertilizer granulating adhesive, granulating, and drying at 80 ℃ to obtain a blended material A for later use.
3. The method for preparing organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer special for rice based on organic waste material as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step (3), the mixture is made for 5 minutes, and then is dried at 80 ℃, cooled and sieved, and the particle size is 1-4mm, so that the admixture A is prepared.
4. The method for preparing the organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer special for rice based on organic waste materials according to claim 1, wherein the second step further comprises: putting urea into a disc granulator, heating to 65-70 ℃, uniformly spraying a polyurethane coating liquid on the surface of the urea twice, rotating at the speed of 35 r/min for 10min, heating a hot melt adhesive to 140 ℃, uniformly spraying the hot melt adhesive on the surface of urea granules coated with polyurethane, after coating for 2min, stopping heating, cooling while coating, wherein the coating amount is 6.5-7%, reducing the temperature of coated urea to 35 ℃, and discharging to obtain the premix B.
5. The method for preparing the organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer special for rice based on organic waste materials according to claim 1, wherein the second step further comprises: the release period is determined according to the growth periods of different varieties of rice, the release period is adjusted within 60-90 days, the release period is adjusted by adjusting the coating thickness of coated urea, the coating amount of polyurethane is 2.5-3%, and the coating thickness of hot melt adhesive accounts for 4% of the total thickness.
6. The method for preparing organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer special for rice based on organic waste material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, the amount of coated urea is added according to the actual requirement of nitrogen in rice.
7. The method for preparing organic-inorganic long-acting fertilizer special for rice based on organic waste material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the third step, 0.5% of binder is added for material preparation.
8. The long-acting special fertilizer for rice cultivation, which is prepared by the preparation method of the organic and inorganic long-acting special fertilizer for rice based on organic waste materials as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.
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