CN111217642A

CN111217642A - Compound fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN111217642A
Application number: CN201811326249.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 房钦飞; 阚学飞; 刘法安; 苏盈盈
Original assignee: Shenzhen Batian Ecotypic Engineering Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shenzhen Batian Ecotypic Engineering Co Ltd
Priority date: 2018-11-08
Filing date: 2018-11-08
Publication date: 2020-06-02

Abstract

The invention relates to a compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. A compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-50 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer; 10-20 parts of phosphate fertilizer; 15-45 parts of potash fertilizer; 1-5 parts of medium trace element fertilizer; 0.1 to 0.3 portion of polyglutamic acid; and 0.1 to 0.3 portion of alginate; wherein the medium trace element fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 to 2 parts of magnesium-containing compound, 0.05 to 0.25 part of zinc-containing compound and 0.05 to 0.25 part of boron-containing compound. When the compound fertilizer is used for citrus crops, the yield and the quality of the citrus crops are favorably improved; the polyglutamic acid can chelate medium trace elements, improve the absorption efficiency of the medium trace elements and provide a good environment for the root system of the citrus crops to absorb nutrition; experiments prove that the application of the special functional compound fertilizer for citrus to citrus crops can increase the weight of single fruit, the total yield and the sugar degree of the fruit.

Description

Compound fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a compound fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

The method has the advantages of wide range of people in China, three zones of cold, warm and hot areas, rich citrus resources and various varieties, and is one of the biggest citrus origins in the world. The cultivation history of oranges is long, the source of garden skills is long, and the oranges are well known as the reputations of 'garden mothers' in the world. From 1993 to date, the total area and yield of fruits have been the first place in the world. Meanwhile, the quality and industrialization level of the fruit are continuously developed and improved. At present, the citrus industry becomes the third major agricultural planting industry after grains and vegetables, is a dominant agricultural industry with wide market prospects and strong international competitiveness at home and abroad, and is also one of bright spots of economic development in many places and a post industry for leading farmers to become rich.

As the economic benefit is driven, fruit growers pay great attention to orchard management in China, but due to the limitation of the technological level and the illusion of thought recognition, great blindness and randomness are brought to management, and generally fruit growers are mainly used for managing light underground management. At present, the citrus crops are generally mixed with urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate to obtain a mixed fertilizer, the fertilizer efficiency of the applied fertilizer is poor, the yield of the citrus crops is not obviously increased, and the fruit quality of the citrus crops is not high.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the above, there is a need for a compound fertilizer which has a good fertilizer effect for citrus crops and can significantly improve the yield of citrus crops and the quality of fruits.

In addition, a preparation method and application of the compound fertilizer are also provided.

A compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:

wherein the medium trace element fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 to 2 parts of magnesium-containing compound, 0.05 to 0.25 part of zinc-containing compound and 0.05 to 0.25 part of boron-containing compound.

In one embodiment, the medium trace element fertilizer further comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 to 2 parts of calcium-containing compound, 0.5 to 1 part of sulfur-containing compound, 0.05 to 0.25 part of copper-containing compound, 0.05 to 0.25 part of manganese-containing compound, 0.05 to 0.25 part of molybdenum-containing compound and 0.05 to 0.25 part of iron-containing compound.

In one embodiment, the magnesium-containing compound is selected from at least one of magnesium oxide, magnesium sulfate, magnesium nitrate, and magnesium chloride;

and/or, the zinc-containing compound is at least one selected from zinc sulfate, zinc oxide, zinc chloride and zinc carbonate;

and/or, the boron-containing compound is selected from at least one of borax and boric acid;

and/or, the calcium-containing compound is selected from at least one of calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate;

and/or the sulfur-containing compound is selected from at least one of calcium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate and ferrous sulfate;

and/or, the copper-containing compound is selected from at least one of copper sulfate, NaCu-EDTA, copper oxide and copper slag;

and/or the manganese-containing compound is selected from at least one of manganese sulfate and manganese nitrate;

and/or, the molybdenum-containing compound is selected from at least one of ammonium molybdate and sodium molybdate;

and/or the iron-containing compound is at least one selected from ferrous sulfate and ferrous chloride.

In one embodiment, the nitrogen fertilizer is selected from at least one of urea, nitrophosphate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate and potassium nitrate;

and/or the potash fertilizer is at least one of potassium sulfate, potassium carbonate and potassium chloride;

and/or the alginate is selected from at least one of sodium alginate, ammonium alginate and potassium alginate.

In one embodiment, the phosphate fertilizer comprises polyphosphoric acid.

In one embodiment, the phosphate fertilizer further comprises at least one of ammonium polyphosphate, a compound fertilizer of phosphorus nitrate, monoammonium phosphate, a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and calcium superphosphate.

In one embodiment, the compound fertilizer further comprises 1 to 5 parts by weight of auxiliary materials, wherein the auxiliary materials comprise: 1.5 to 3 portions of lime powder, 0.5 to 1 portion of ferric oxide, 0.25 to 0.5 portion of forming agent and 0.05 to 0.25 portion of anti-caking agent.

In one embodiment, the forming agent is selected from at least one of carbon black, clay, and xanthan gum;

and/or the anti-caking agent is at least one selected from talcum powder and vegetable oil.

The preparation method of the compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:

heating and melting the nitrogenous fertilizer, and then adding the phosphate fertilizer to react to obtain molten slurry;

reducing the temperature of the molten slurry to 150-160 ℃, and then adding the medium-trace element fertilizer, the polyglutamic acid and the alginate into the molten slurry to react to obtain a pre-product; and

and adding the rest components into the pre-product at the temperature of 150-160 ℃ to obtain the compound fertilizer.

The compound fertilizer or the compound fertilizer prepared by the preparation method of the compound fertilizer is applied to citrus crops.

The compound fertilizer takes a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer as basic fertilizers, and is added with a medium trace element fertilizer, wherein the medium trace element fertilizer comprises a magnesium-containing compound, a zinc-containing compound and a boron-containing compound in a certain ratio, and is beneficial to improving the yield and the quality of citrus crops when being used for the citrus crops; adding a proper amount of polyglutamic acid into the compound fertilizer, wherein the polyglutamic acid can chelate medium trace elements, so that the absorption efficiency of the medium trace elements is improved, the effects of conditioning soil, loosening the soil and keeping the water of the soil are achieved, and a good environment is provided for the root system of citrus crops to absorb nutrition; meanwhile, the alginate is added to be matched with the components, so that the yield of citrus crops can be improved; the compound fertilizer is used in different periods of the citrus crops, and the fertilizer can be effectively absorbed and utilized by the citrus crops, so that the residual fertilizer on the planting soil is reduced, the soil hardening can be prevented, and the fertilizer utilization rate is higher; experiments prove that the application of the special functional compound fertilizer for citrus to citrus crops can increase the weight of single fruit, the total yield and the sugar degree of the fruit.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method for preparing a compound fertilizer according to an embodiment.

Detailed Description

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather should be construed as broadly as the present invention is capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

The compound fertilizer of an embodiment comprises the following components in parts by weight:

in one embodiment, the medium trace element fertilizer comprises, by mass, 1 to 2 parts of a magnesium-containing compound, 0.05 to 0.25 part of a zinc-containing compound, 0.05 to 0.25 part of a boron-containing compound, 1 to 2 parts of a calcium-containing compound, 0.5 to 1 part of a sulfur-containing compound, 0.05 to 0.25 part of a copper-containing compound, 0.05 to 0.25 part of a manganese-containing compound, 0.05 to 0.25 part of a molybdenum-containing compound, and 0.05 to 0.25 part of an iron-containing compound.

Further, the magnesium-containing compound is at least one selected from magnesium oxide, magnesium sulfate, magnesium nitrate and magnesium chloride.

Further, the zinc-containing compound is at least one selected from zinc sulfate, zinc oxide, zinc chloride and zinc carbonate.

Further, the boron-containing compound is at least one selected from borax and boric acid.

Further, the calcium-containing compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate.

Further, the sulfur-containing compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and ferrous sulfate.

Further, the copper-containing compound is selected from at least one of copper sulfate, NaCu-EDTA, copper oxide, and copper slag.

Further, the manganese-containing compound is at least one selected from manganese sulfate and manganese nitrate.

Further, the molybdenum-containing compound is at least one selected from ammonium molybdate and sodium molybdate.

Further, the iron-containing compound is at least one selected from ferrous sulfate and ferrous chloride.

By selecting a proper medium-trace element fertilizer and matching with a certain proportion, the compound fertilizer is more suitable for the growth demand of citrus crops, and further promotes the improvement of the yield and the quality of the citrus crops.

In other embodiments, the medium trace element fertilizer only comprises a magnesium-containing compound, a zinc-containing compound and a boron-containing compound, other components can be omitted, and the magnesium element, the zinc element and the boron element are matched with each other to promote the yield and the quality of the citrus crops to be improved.

In one embodiment, the nitrogen fertilizer is selected from at least one of urea, nitrophosphate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate and potassium nitrate. Furthermore, the content of nitrogen nutrients in the nitrogen fertilizer is more than or equal to 45 percent in terms of N. Further, the nitrogen fertilizer may be used in an amount of 30 parts, 31.22 parts, 38.2 parts, 42.6 parts or 46.41 parts.

Further, the nitrogen fertilizer is a mixture of a compound fertilizer of nitrate and phosphate, a nitrophosphate fertilizer, ammonium sulfate and urea.

In one embodiment, the potash fertilizer is at least one selected from potassium sulfate, potassium carbonate, and potassium chloride. Further, with K₂And (4) the content of potassium nutrients in the potassium fertilizer is more than or equal to 45 percent calculated by O. Further, the amount of the potash fertilizer may be 35 parts, 36 parts, 37.66 parts or 40 parts.

Further, the potash fertilizer is a mixture of potassium sulfate and potassium chloride, and the mass ratio of the potassium sulfate to the potassium chloride is 9: 1-6: 1.

In one embodiment, the phosphate fertilizer comprises polyphosphoric acid. The phosphate fertilizer further comprises at least one of ammonium polyphosphate, a nitro-phosphate compound fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate, a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and calcium superphosphate. Furthermore, the content of phosphorus in the phosphate fertilizer is more than or equal to 45 percent in terms of P2O 5. Further, the amount of the phosphate fertilizer may be 14.72 parts, 15 parts per 15.5 parts, 16.12 parts, 16.8 parts or 18 parts. The polyphosphoric acid has the function of chelating the trace elements, and can improve the absorption efficiency of the trace elements from soil to plant bodies. The polyphosphate obtained by chelating the polyphosphoric acid and the medium trace elements can be used as a long-acting slow-release phosphate fertilizer, so that the utilization rate of the phosphate fertilizer is improved.

Polyglutamic acid (gamma-PGA), also called natto gum and polyglutamic acid, is a water-soluble, biodegradable and nontoxic biological polymer prepared by using a microbial fermentation method. Gamma-PGA polyglutamic acid is a viscous substance, and is found for the first time in 'natto' -fermented beans, and the moisturizing and water locking effects of the gamma-PGA polyglutamic acid are 500 times of those of hyaluronic acid. The polyglutamic acid can chelate part of medium and trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, zinc and the like, can further improve the absorption efficiency of the medium and trace elements, and can condition soil, loosen the soil and keep the water of the soil at the same time, thereby providing a good environment for root systems to absorb nutrition.

In one embodiment, the alginate is selected from at least one of sodium alginate, ammonium alginate and potassium alginate. The alginate contains disease-resistant factors and special components, has remarkable antibacterial, antiviral and anthelmintic effects, has double effects of fertilizer and pesticide, and remarkably enhances the stress resistance and disease resistance of citrus crops after application. Further, the alginate is selected from sodium alginate. The sodium alginate is a natural soil conditioner, can promote the formation of a soil granular structure, improve the internal pore space of soil, coordinate the proportion of solid, liquid and gas in the soil, recover the balance of natural colloid lost due to the over-burden of the soil and chemical pollution, increase the biological activity of the soil, promote the release of available nutrients, facilitate the growth of root systems and improve the stress resistance and continuous cropping resistance of oranges.

In one embodiment, the auxiliary materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 1.5 to 3 portions of lime powder, 0.5 to 1 portion of ferric oxide, 0.25 to 0.5 portion of forming agent and 0.05 to 0.25 portion of anti-caking agent.

Further, the forming agent is at least one selected from carbon black, clay and xanthan gum.

Further, the anti-hardening agent is at least one selected from talcum powder and vegetable oil. The anti-hardening agent is neutral vegetable oil, and is at least one selected from coconut oil, palm oil and mineral oil.

In one embodiment, the compound fertilizer is granules with the grain diameter of 2 mm-3.6 mm, and the anti-caking agent is attached to the surfaces of the granules.

In one embodiment, the compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:

Referring to fig. 1, the preparation method of the compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:

s110, heating and melting a nitrogen fertilizer, and adding a phosphate fertilizer to react to obtain molten slurry.

In one embodiment, the nitrogen fertilizer is melted by heating to 170 ℃ to 180 ℃.

When the nitrogen fertilizer comprises urea and other nitrogen fertilizers, the other nitrogen fertilizers except urea are heated and melted, and then the urea and the phosphate fertilizer are added for reaction to obtain melted slurry.

When the phosphate fertilizer comprises polyphosphoric acid and gas phosphate fertilizer, polyphosphoric acid is added into the heated and melted nitrogen fertilizer, then the temperature is reduced to 160-170 ℃, and other phosphate fertilizers except polyphosphoric acid are added for reaction to obtain melted slurry.

When the nitrogen fertilizer comprises urea and the phosphate fertilizer comprises polyphosphoric acid, heating and melting the nitrogen fertilizer except urea, adding the urea and the polyphosphoric acid, fully reacting, reducing the temperature to 160-170 ℃, adding the phosphate fertilizer except the polyphosphoric acid, and uniformly stirring to obtain molten slurry. Further, the time for full reaction is 20 min-30 min, and the time for stirring is 10 min-15 min. It should be noted that, if the phosphate fertilizer is only polyphosphoric acid, the other nitrogen fertilizers except urea are heated and melted, then urea and polyphosphoric acid are added, and the molten slurry is obtained after full reaction. In the step, the nitrogen fertilizer and polyphosphoric acid are fully polymerized to obtain ammonium polyphosphate.

S120, reducing the temperature of the molten slurry to 150-160 ℃, and adding a medium trace element fertilizer, polyglutamic acid and alginate into the molten slurry to react to obtain a pre-product.

In one embodiment, the molten slurry is reacted with medium trace element fertilizer, polyglutamic acid and alginate by stirring to obtain a pre-product. The stirring time is 10min to 15 min.

S130, adding the rest components into the pre-product at the temperature of 150-160 ℃ to obtain the compound fertilizer.

In one embodiment, the other components comprise a potassium fertilizer and auxiliary materials, at this time, the potassium fertilizer and the auxiliary materials except the anti-board binding agent are added into the pre-product, uniformly stirred and granulated to obtain granules, and then the anti-board binding agent is attached to the surfaces of the granules to obtain the compound fertilizer.

The preparation method of the compound fertilizer is simple to operate, and the prepared compound fertilizer has good fertilizer efficiency when being used for citrus crops.

The following are descriptions of specific examples, and unless otherwise specified, the following examples contain no other components not specifically mentioned except for inevitable impurities.

Examples 1 to 8

The compound fertilizer of the embodiment 1-8 is prepared by the following compound fertilizer preparation method, the specific preparation parameters are shown in table 1, and the specific steps are as follows:

heating a nitrogen fertilizer to 175 ℃ to melt the nitrogen fertilizer, adding a phosphate fertilizer into the nitrogen fertilizer, fully reacting for 20min, and stirring for 15min to obtain molten slurry; reducing the temperature of the molten slurry to 160 ℃, adding a trace element fertilizer, polyglutamic acid and alginate into the molten slurry, and stirring for 15min to obtain a pre-product; adding a potassium fertilizer and auxiliary materials into the pre-product to obtain the compound fertilizer.

TABLE 1

Example 9

1. Materials and methods

1.1 test overview:

the method is carried out in much township in Huidong county of Guangdong province, and the basic physicochemical properties of the soil are shown in Table 2:

TABLE 2

pH value	Organic matter (g/kg)	Total nitrogen (g/kg)	Available phosphorus (mg/kg)	Quick-acting potassium (rng/kg)
					5.3	20.2	0.86	42.6	75.8

1.2 test varieties

Emperor orange.

1.3 test time

20 days 2 months in 2017 to 20 days 10 months in 2017.

1.4 design of the experiment

The method comprises the following steps of setting a first test group, a second test group, a third test group, a fourth test group, a fifth test group, a sixth test group, a seventh test group and an eighth test group, wherein each test group is provided with three repeated groups, and each repeated group comprises 10 trees. Each test group selected emperor oranges of approximately the same growth vigor and tree age.

The same management was applied to the first to eighth test groups, the first test group applied with the compound fertilizer of example 1, the second test group applied with the compound fertilizer of example 2, the third test group applied with the compound fertilizer of example 3, and so on.

Fertilizing in No. 2 month and No. 20 in the first test group to the eighth test group, wherein the fertilizing amount is 0.5kg per plant, and the fertilizing mode is broadcast application; fertilizing at No. 4/15 with a fertilizing amount of 0.75 kg/plant, wherein the fertilizing mode is broadcast application; fertilizing is carried out in No. 6 and No. 20, the fertilizing amount is 1 kg/plant, and the fertilizing mode is broadcasting application. The other water and fertilizer management of the first test group to the eighth test group is the same.

The emperor oranges in the first test group to the eighth test group were harvested in 2017, 10 months and 20 days. The method is characterized in that 10 fruits are randomly selected from each tree, the fruits of 30 citrus plants in each group are respectively tested and then are subjected to average value detection, the weight and sugar degree of each single fruit of the obtained emperor oranges are shown in table 3, and the total yield obtained by averaging the total yield of 30 trees in each group is shown in table 3.

TABLE 3

The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. The compound fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:

2. The compound fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the medium trace element fertilizer further comprises, in parts by mass: 1 to 2 parts of calcium-containing compound, 0.5 to 1 part of sulfur-containing compound, 0.05 to 0.25 part of copper-containing compound, 0.05 to 0.25 part of manganese-containing compound, 0.05 to 0.25 part of molybdenum-containing compound and 0.05 to 0.25 part of iron-containing compound.

3. The compound fertilizer according to claim 2, wherein the magnesium-containing compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, magnesium sulfate, magnesium nitrate and magnesium chloride;

4. The compound fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is at least one selected from the group consisting of urea, nitrophosphate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate and potassium nitrate;

5. The compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the phosphate fertilizer comprises polyphosphoric acid.

6. The compound fertilizer according to claim 5, wherein the phosphate fertilizer further comprises at least one of ammonium polyphosphate, a compound fertilizer of nitro-phosphorus, monoammonium phosphate, a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and superphosphate.

7. The compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the compound fertilizer further comprises 1 to 5 parts by weight of auxiliary materials, and the auxiliary materials comprise: 1.5 to 3 portions of lime powder, 0.5 to 1 portion of ferric oxide, 0.25 to 0.5 portion of forming agent and 0.05 to 0.25 portion of anti-caking agent.

8. The compound fertilizer according to claim 7, wherein the forming agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon black, clay and xanthan gum;

9. The method for preparing a compound fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:

10. Use of a compound fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 8 or a compound fertilizer prepared by the method of claim 9 in citrus crops.