CN110922258A - Functional stable bulk blend fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly discloses a functional stable bulk blend fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof. The functional stable bulk blended fertilizer comprises: mixed fertilizer, compound inhibitor, filler, functional auxiliary agent and potassium chloride; the mixed fertilizer consists of urea, calcium superphosphate and diammonium phosphate; the composite inhibitor consists of o-phenyl phosphorodiamidate, thiophosphoryl triamide, 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, dicyandiamide and chloromethyl pyridine; the compound inhibitor is coated on the surface of the mixed fertilizer; the functional auxiliary agent consists of biochar, humic acid, polyglutamic acid, ammonium polyphosphate, arginine, polyacrylamide, 1, 2-hexanediol, dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, a phyllocladium vesiculosum extract and chitosan; the functional assistant is coated on the surface of the filler. The invention also provides a method for preparing the fertilizer and application thereof. The fertilizer improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer and can improve the quality and increase the yield of crops.

Description

Functional stable bulk blend fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a functional stable bulk blend fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

The bulk blended fertilizer is prepared by simply mechanically blending more than two simple-substance fertilizers or compound fertilizers with similar particle sizes as raw materials according to a certain proportion. The blended fertilizer has the advantages of comprehensive nutrients, flexible formula adjustment, simple and convenient production process and the like, is widely applied along with the continuous development of the fertilizer industry, and is one of the most important solid fertilizer varieties.

However, the blended fertilizer also has the problems of low nutrient utilization rate, serious nutrient resource waste, unstable effect, single variety, lack of functions and the like in agricultural production, and greatly limits popularization and application.

In order to solve the problems of low absorption utilization rate, serious loss and fertilizer efficiency stability of nitrogen in the fertilizer and realize high-efficiency management and utilization of nutrient resources in the prior art, a method for realizing high-efficiency utilization of a nitrogen fertilizer by regulating and controlling the conversion of nitrogen in soil by adding a urease inhibitor and/or a nitrification inhibitor is provided, the method can effectively regulate and control the conversion of the nitrogen and improve the fertilizer efficiency of the nitrogen, but the problems of single type of the inhibitor, unstable effect, single function of the fertilizer and the like exist.

Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new functional stable blended fertilizer, a preparation method and an application thereof to solve the above problems.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a novel functional stable blended fertilizer which is high in fertilizer utilization rate, stable in fertilizer efficiency and rich in functions.

In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a functional, stable bulk blend fertilizer, comprising: mixed fertilizer, compound inhibitor, filler, functional auxiliary agent and potassium chloride;

the mixed fertilizer consists of urea, calcium superphosphate and diammonium phosphate; the composite inhibitor is composed of o-phenyl phosphorodiamidate, thiophosphoric triamide, 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, dicyandiamide and chloromethyl pyridine, and the mass ratio of the o-phenyl phosphorodiamidate to the thiophosphoric triamide is (1.8-2.2): 1; the mass ratio of the 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate to the dicyandiamide to the chloromethylpyridine is (1.8-2.2): (1.8-2.2): 1; the compound inhibitor is coated on the surface of the mixed fertilizer;

the functional auxiliary agent comprises biochar, humic acid, polyglutamic acid, ammonium polyphosphate, arginine, polyacrylamide, 1, 2-hexanediol, dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, a phyllocladium japonicum extract and chitosan, wherein the mass ratio of the biochar, the humic acid, the polyglutamic acid, the ammonium polyphosphate, the arginine, the polyacrylamide, the 1, 2-hexanediol, the dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, the phyllocladium japonicum extract and the chitosan is (0.8-1.2): (0.8-1.2): (0.8-1.2): (0.8-1.2): (0.8-1.2): (0.8-1.2): (0.8-1.2): (0.8-1.2): (0.8-1.2): (0.8 to 1.2); the functional assistant is coated on the surface of the filler.

Aiming at the combination characteristics of a specific mixed fertilizer, the invention particularly selects a mixture of o-phenylphosphoric acid diamine, thiophosphoric triamide, 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, dicyandiamide and chloromethylpyridine as a composite inhibitor, and finds that when the o-phenylphosphoric acid diamine and the thiophosphoric triamide are compounded in a specific proportion and the 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, dicyandiamide and chloromethylpyridine are compounded in a specific proportion, the conversion of amide nitrogen in urea to ammonium nitrogen and the conversion of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen can be effectively inhibited, the nitrification and denitrification losses of nitrogen are reduced, the fertilizer effect period of nitrogen fertilizers is prolonged, the absorption of calcium, phosphorus and potassium in calcium superphosphate, diammonium phosphate and potassium chloride by crops (especially corns) is promoted, and the utilization rate of the fertilizers is improved. In addition, the functional auxiliary agent provided by the invention not only provides various nutrient components required by the growth of crops (especially corns) but also improves the absorption and utilization of the nutrients by the crops and ensures the improvement of the comprehensive performance of the fertilizer by the combination of specific components and proportions.

Furthermore, the compound inhibitor is coated on the surface of the mixed fertilizer, so that the effect of the compound inhibitor is improved, the nutrient supply of the nitrogen of the fertilizer is prolonged, and the loss of the nitrogen of the fertilizer is reduced; in addition, the functional auxiliary agent is coated on the surface of the filler, so that the fertilizer effect can be further enriched, the nutrient absorption of crops can be promoted, and the soil nutrient environment can be improved.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the o-phenyl phosphorodiamidate to the thiophosphoric triamide is 2: 1; the mass ratio of the 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate to the dicyandiamide to the chloromethylpyridine is 2: 2: 1.

preferably, the biochar, the humic acid, the polyglutamic acid, the ammonium polyphosphate, the arginine, the polyacrylamide, the 1, 2-hexanediol, the dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, the Ascophyllum nodosum extract and the chitosan have the same mass.

Preferably, the urea is large granular urea, wherein the nitrogen content is 46% (mass percent); the calcium superphosphate is granular, wherein the content of phosphorus pentoxide is 14% (mass percentage); the diammonium phosphate is granular, wherein the nitrogen content is 18%, and the phosphorus pentoxide content is 46% (by mass); the potassium chloride is granular, wherein the content of potassium oxide is 60 percent (mass percentage).

Preferably, the raw materials of the composite inhibitor, the functional assistant and the filler are all powder.

In the fertilizer, the filler is one or a mixture of more of biochar, kaolin, clay, talcum powder, bentonite and diatomite.

The fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:

in the fertilizer, the composite inhibitor comprises the following components in parts by weight:

in the fertilizer, the functional auxiliary agent comprises the following components in parts by weight:

when the using amount of each component is within the limited range of the invention, the stable fertilizer efficiency of mineral nutrient elements in the fertilizer, which are necessary for the normal growth and development of plants, in soil can be ensured, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, the absorption of the plants to nutrients is promoted, the functions of improving quality and increasing yield are realized, and the pollution of the fertilizer to the soil is reduced.

As a preferred embodiment, the fertilizer of the present invention comprises, in parts by weight:

the composite inhibitor comprises the following components in parts by weight:

the functional auxiliary agent comprises the following components in parts by weight:

another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above fertilizer.

The method comprises the following steps:

(1) mixing the urea, the calcium superphosphate and the diammonium phosphate to obtain the mixed fertilizer, and spraying the compound inhibitor on the surface of the mixed fertilizer to obtain mixed particles A;

(2) preparing the filler into granules;

(3) mixing the biochar, the humic acid, the polyglutamic acid, the ammonium polyphosphate, the arginine, the polyacrylamide, the 1, 2-hexanediol, the dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, the Ascophyllum nodosum extract and the chitosan, and spraying the mixture on the surface of the particles prepared in the step (2) to obtain particles B;

(4) and (2) mixing the mixed particle A obtained in the step (1) and the particle B obtained in the step (3) with potassium chloride, and drying.

The invention further aims to provide application of the fertilizer or the method in corn planting.

The functional stable bulk blended fertilizer has the following advantages:

according to the invention, the effects of the stable fertilizer and the blended fertilizer are successfully combined together, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer nutrients is improved, and the nitrogen nutrient fertilizer efficiency period is long; has the functions of improving soil, enhancing crop stress resistance, improving nutrient absorption and utilization of crops, improving quality, increasing yield and the like; the production process is simple and convenient, and is suitable for large-scale production.

Detailed Description

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples. It is to be understood that the following examples are given for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and alterations of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention.

The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified. Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified. The Ascophyllum nodosum extract used in the embodiment of the invention is a commercially available product, and the manufacturer is Saanerary biotechnology Co.

Example 1

The functional stable bulk blended fertilizer is prepared by the following specific method:

(1) weighing and uniformly mixing 525 parts of urea, 100 parts of calcium superphosphate and 100 parts of diammonium phosphate; respectively and accurately weighing 2 parts of o-phenylphosphoryl diamine, 1 part of thiophosphoryl triamide, 2 parts of 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, 2 parts of dicyandiamide and 1 part of chloromethyl pyridine, fully mixing uniformly, and uniformly spraying the mixture on the surfaces of the 3 granular fertilizers to obtain mixed granules A for later use;

(2) accurately weighing 50 parts of biochar and 44 parts of clay, and preparing the biochar and the clay into filler particles for later use by a disc granulation method;

(3) accurately weighing biochar, humic acid, polyglutamic acid, ammonium polyphosphate, arginine, polyacrylamide, 1, 2-hexanediol, dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, Ascophyllum nodosum extract and chitosan 0.8 part respectively, uniformly mixing, and uniformly spraying the mixture on the surfaces of the filler particles prepared in the step (2) to obtain particles B for later use;

(4) and (3) accurately weighing 165 parts of potassium chloride particles, uniformly mixing the mixed particles A and B prepared in the steps (1) and (3) with potassium chloride, and drying to obtain a functional stable bulk blended fertilizer finished product.

Example 2

The functional stable bulk blended fertilizer is prepared by the following specific method:

(1) weighing and uniformly mixing 525 parts of urea, 100 parts of calcium superphosphate and 100 parts of diammonium phosphate; accurately weighing 1 part of o-phenylphosphoryl diamine, 0.5 part of thiophosphoryl triamide, 1 part of 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, 1 part of dicyandiamide and 0.5 part of chloromethyl pyridine respectively, fully mixing uniformly, and uniformly spraying on the surface of the 3 granular fertilizers to obtain mixed granules A for later use;

(2) accurately weighing 50 parts of biochar and 52 parts of clay, and preparing the biochar and the clay into filler particles for later use by a disc granulation method;

(3) accurately weighing biochar, humic acid, polyglutamic acid, ammonium polyphosphate, arginine, polyacrylamide, 1, 2-hexanediol, dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, Ascophyllum nodosum extract and chitosan 0.4 part respectively, uniformly mixing, and uniformly spraying the mixture on the surfaces of the filler particles prepared in the step (2) to obtain particles B for later use;

(4) and (3) accurately weighing 165 parts of potassium chloride particles, uniformly mixing the mixed particles A and B prepared in the steps (1) and (3) with potassium chloride, and drying to obtain a functional stable bulk blended fertilizer finished product.

Example 3

The functional stable bulk blended fertilizer is prepared by the following specific method:

(1) weighing and uniformly mixing 525 parts of urea, 100 parts of calcium superphosphate and 100 parts of diammonium phosphate; respectively and accurately weighing 0.5 part of o-phenylphosphoryl diamine, 0.25 part of thiophosphoryl triamide, 0.5 part of 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, 0.5 part of dicyandiamide and 0.25 part of chloromethylpyridine, fully and uniformly mixing, and uniformly spraying the mixture on the surfaces of the 3 granular fertilizers to obtain mixed granules A for later use;

(2) accurately weighing 50 parts of biochar and 56 parts of clay, and preparing the biochar and the clay into filler particles for later use by a disc granulation method;

(3) accurately weighing biochar, humic acid, polyglutamic acid, ammonium polyphosphate, arginine, polyacrylamide, 1, 2-hexanediol, dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, Ascophyllum nodosum extract and chitosan 0.2 part respectively, uniformly mixing, and uniformly spraying the mixture on the surfaces of the filler particles prepared in the step (2) to obtain particles B for later use;

(4) and (3) accurately weighing 165 parts of potassium chloride particles, uniformly mixing the mixed particles A and B prepared in the steps (1) and (3) with potassium chloride, and drying to obtain a functional stable bulk blended fertilizer finished product.

Comparative example 1

The fertilizer is prepared according to the comparative example in the following specific mode:

(1) weighing and uniformly mixing 525 parts of urea, 100 parts of calcium superphosphate and 100 parts of diammonium phosphate for later use;

(2) accurately weighing 50 parts of biochar and 60 parts of clay, and preparing the biochar and the clay into granules for later use by a disc granulation method;

(3) and (3) accurately weighing 165 parts of potassium chloride particles, uniformly mixing the particles prepared in the steps (1) and (2) with potassium chloride, and drying to obtain a finished product of the common bulk blend fertilizer.

Comparative example 2

This comparative example prepared a fertilizer, which was the same as the preparation of example 1, except that:

in the step (1), 1 part of o-phenyl phosphorodiamidate, 1 part of thiophosphoric triamide, 2 parts of 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, 2 parts of dicyandiamide and 2 parts of chloromethyl pyridine are taken.

Comparative example 3

This comparative example prepared a fertilizer, which was the same as the preparation of example 1, except that:

in the step (1), 2 parts of o-phenyl phosphorodiamidate, 2 parts of thiophosphoric triamide, 2 parts of 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, 1 part of dicyandiamide and 1 part of chloromethyl pyridine are taken.

Comparative example 4

This comparative example prepared a fertilizer, which was the same as the preparation of example 1, except that:

in the step (3), 2 parts of biochar, 1 part of humic acid, 1 part of polyglutamic acid, 1 part of ammonium polyphosphate, 0.5 part of arginine, 0.5 part of polyacrylamide, 0.5 part of 1, 2-hexanediol, 0.5 part of dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, 0.5 part of Ascophyllum nodosum extract and 0.5 part of chitosan are taken.

Comparative example 5

This comparative example prepared a fertilizer, which was the same as the preparation of example 1, except that:

in the step (3), 2 parts of biochar, 2 parts of humic acid, 1 part of polyglutamic acid, 1 part of ammonium polyphosphate, 0.6 part of arginine, 0.6 part of polyacrylamide, 0.2 part of 1, 2-hexanediol, 0.2 part of dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, 0.2 part of Ascophyllum nodosum extract and 0.2 part of chitosan are taken.

Experimental example 1

This experimental example soil culture tests were performed on the fertilizers of example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 5 to test the fertilizer efficiency of each fertilizer.

Adopting an indoor soil culture experiment method, taking the soil to be tested from a test field of a modern agriculture demonstration garden in a country in Zhi county, Zhou village and Shi Li in Shandong province, wherein the soil is brown soil, and the physicochemical properties of the soil to be tested are as follows: pH6.16, 18.80g/kg of organic matters, 116.56mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, 18.20mg/kg of available phosphorus and 108.55mg/kg of quick-acting potassium.

The test method comprises the following steps: experiment a total of 6 treatments, example 1 and comparative examples 1-5, were repeated 3 times each. Air-drying the soil, removing impurities, sieving with a 2mm sieve, weighing sieved soil 10kg and 30g fertilizer granules, mixing uniformly, placing into a cylindrical PE plastic bottle (the bottle height is 20cm, the radius of the bottle mouth and the bottle bottom is 8cm, the bottle bottom is sealed, and the bottle mouth is open), culturing at normal temperature for 30 days, and keeping the soil water content at 70% of the field water capacity. And taking the soil after culture to measure the related soil nutrient property indexes. The test results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1

From the above results, it can be seen that: compared with the treatment of the comparative example 1, the nutrient properties of the soil treated by the example 1 and the soil treated by other comparative examples 2-5 are improved to different degrees, wherein the fertilizer efficiency of the functional stability blended fertilizer (the treatment of the example 1) is better than that of the blended fertilizer (the treatment of the comparative examples 2-5) prepared by mixing the components of the composite inhibitor and the functional auxiliary agent according to other proportions. When the ratio of the complex inhibitor and the functional adjuvant component is not within the limits of the present invention (comparative examples 2 to 5), the fertilizer efficiency of the prepared functional stability bulk fertilizer is weaker than that of example 1, which shows that the ratio of the complex inhibitor and the functional adjuvant component of the present invention can further improve the fertilizer efficiency.

Experimental example 2

This experimental example the fertilizers of examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 were subjected to a planting test to test the fertilizer efficiency of each fertilizer.

The test is carried out in a modern agriculture demonstration garden in Shu county, Mandarin province, Shandong province, the soil type is brown soil, and the basic properties of the soil are as follows: pH 6.22, organic matter 16.8g/kg, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen 106mg/kg, quick-acting phosphorus 12.2mg/kg and quick-acting potassium 102.6 mg/kg. The crop tested was maize and the variety was denghai 618.

The test is carried out by adopting a cell test design, setting 4 treatments (comparative example 1 and examples 1-3), repeating for 3 times, arranging in random blocks, and setting the area of a test cell to be 36m²Peripheral protection rows and random block arrangement. The planting density of the corn is 6.5 ten thousand plants/hm²The sowing depth is 3-5 cm, the row spacing of the corn is 75cm multiplied by 45cm, the fertilizers are all primary base application, the fertilizing amount is 50 kg/mu, and field management is carried out according to local habits. Seeding is carried out 6 months and 5 days in 2018, and harvesting is carried out 9 months and 12 days.

The average results of the tests are shown in Table 2. As can be seen from table 2, the application of different types of fertilizers had different effects on corn growth and yield. In general, the corn treated in examples 1-3 had higher growth and yield than the control 1 treatment, which indicates that the fertilizer efficiency is better when the functional stable bulk fertilizer of the present invention is applied; in the example treatment, the index of the corn treated in the example 1 is higher than that of the corn treated in the example 2, and the index of the corn treated in the example 3 is the minimum, which shows that the fertilizer efficiency can be further improved and the corn growth can be promoted by increasing the dosage of the compound inhibitor and the functional auxiliary agent within the limit range of the invention.

TABLE 2 agronomic traits and yields of maize treated with different kinds of fertilizers

In conclusion, compared with the common bulk blend fertilizer, the functional stable bulk blend fertilizer prepared by the invention has better fertilizer efficiency, promotes the quality improvement and the yield increase of crops, and has wide popularization and application prospects.

Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims (9)

1. A functional, stable bulk blend fertilizer, comprising: mixed fertilizer, compound inhibitor, filler, functional auxiliary agent and potassium chloride;

the mixed fertilizer consists of urea, calcium superphosphate and diammonium phosphate; the composite inhibitor is composed of o-phenyl phosphorodiamidate, thiophosphoric triamide, 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, dicyandiamide and chloromethyl pyridine, and the mass ratio of the o-phenyl phosphorodiamidate to the thiophosphoric triamide is (1.8-2.2): 1; the mass ratio of the 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate to the dicyandiamide to the chloromethylpyridine is (1.8-2.2): (1.8-2.2): 1; the compound inhibitor is coated on the surface of the mixed fertilizer;

the functional auxiliary agent comprises biochar, humic acid, polyglutamic acid, ammonium polyphosphate, arginine, polyacrylamide, 1, 2-hexanediol, dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, a phyllocladium japonicum extract and chitosan, wherein the mass ratio of the biochar, the humic acid, the polyglutamic acid, the ammonium polyphosphate, the arginine, the polyacrylamide, the 1, 2-hexanediol, the dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, the phyllocladium japonicum extract and the chitosan is (0.8-1.2): (0.8-1.2): (0.8-1.2): (0.8-1.2): (0.8-1.2): (0.8-1.2): (0.8-1.2): (0.8-1.2): (0.8-1.2): (0.8 to 1.2); the functional assistant is coated on the surface of the filler.

2. The fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the o-phenyl phosphorodiamidate to the thiophosphoric triamide is 2: 1, the mass ratio of the 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate to the dicyandiamide to the chloromethylpyridine is 2: 2: 1; the biochar, the humic acid, the polyglutamic acid, the ammonium polyphosphate, the arginine, the polyacrylamide, the 1, 2-hexanediol, the dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, the Ascophyllum nodosum extract and the chitosan have the same mass.

3. The fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the filler is a mixture of one or more of biochar, kaolin, clay, talc, bentonite, and diatomaceous earth.

4. A fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising in parts by weight:

5. the fertilizer according to claim 4, wherein the composite inhibitor comprises the following components in parts by weight:

6. the fertilizer as claimed in claim 4 or 5, wherein the functional adjuvant consists of the following components in parts by weight:

7. the fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising in parts by weight:

the composite inhibitor comprises the following components in parts by weight:

the functional auxiliary agent comprises the following components in parts by weight:

8. a method of preparing a fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:

(1) mixing the urea, the calcium superphosphate and the diammonium phosphate to obtain the mixed fertilizer, and spraying the compound inhibitor on the surface of the mixed fertilizer to obtain mixed particles A;

(2) preparing the filler into granules;

(3) mixing the biochar, the humic acid, the polyglutamic acid, the ammonium polyphosphate, the arginine, the polyacrylamide, the 1, 2-hexanediol, the dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, the Ascophyllum nodosum extract and the chitosan, and spraying the mixture on the surface of the particles prepared in the step (2) to obtain particles B;

(4) and (2) mixing the mixed particle A obtained in the step (1) and the particle B obtained in the step (3) with potassium chloride, and drying.

9. Use of a fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-7 or a method according to claim 8 in corn planting.