CN116003026A - Ecological vegetation concrete base material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Ecological vegetation concrete base material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN116003026A
CN116003026A CN202211538914.4A CN202211538914A CN116003026A CN 116003026 A CN116003026 A CN 116003026A CN 202211538914 A CN202211538914 A CN 202211538914A CN 116003026 A CN116003026 A CN 116003026A
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weight
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base material
vegetation concrete
ecological vegetation
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CN116003026B (en
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张东
邵社刚
马建荣
赵溦
赵森
孙伯唯
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Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport
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Abstract

The invention provides an ecological vegetation concrete base material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the base material comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: planting soil, 100-120 parts by weight; 18-26 parts of cement; 0.3 to 0.5 weight portion of micro silicon powder; 35-40 parts of biomass scraps; 1-2 parts by weight of short fibers; 1-2 parts by weight of a long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer; 0.1 to 0.15 weight portion of mineral source potassium fulvate; 4-6 parts by weight of biochar particles; 0.009-0.01 weight parts of composite microbial inoculum; 6-7 parts of organic fertilizer; plant seeds 0.03-0.5 weight portions. The ecological vegetation concrete base material realizes resource utilization by adopting the forest waste generated by highway construction, and is ecological and environment-friendly; the ecological restoration method can improve plant rhizosphere microecology, promote the corrosion resistance and growth promotion capability of the base material, enhance the drought resistance of plants, improve the condition of the ground, construct stable habitat and effectively solve the ecological restoration problem of the highway rock slope.

Description

Ecological vegetation concrete base material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration of side slopes, in particular to an ecological vegetation concrete base material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The highway construction of China rapidly develops, the road network density is gradually increased, the line position of highway engineering gradually develops from plain areas with superior geographical conditions to mountain areas with complex topography and areas with sensitive environments, the engineering construction causes a large number of engineering wound surfaces of high, large, steep and vertical surfaces and special rock-soil slopes, the traditional slope protection measures are difficult to effectively solve the problems of safety protection and ecological restoration, and great potential safety hazards and ecological restoration problems are brought to the highway construction. Therefore, aiming at solving the current common problems of slope protection and ecological restoration of the highway slope, the method is a necessary condition for implementing ecological protection and restoration.
The vegetation concrete technology is a technology for protecting and greening the slope by doping plant seeds into a concrete material with a specific formula. The vegetation concrete technology has the effects of slope stability protection and vegetation habitat reconstruction, and is widely applied to slope vegetation restoration projects of mines and hydraulic engineering at present. The current vegetation concrete construction mode mainly comprises spraying vegetation concrete, namely mixing the concrete and plant seeds into a spraying base material, and spraying the mixture onto a side slope, so that ecological restoration is carried out on the side slope. However, such shotcrete is generally disadvantageous in that it has low soil layer strength, poor corrosion resistance, is liable to cause salinization of the substrate, is difficult to maintain plant growth for a long period of time, causes vegetation degradation, and is difficult to develop benign in site conditions.
Under the background, a vegetation concrete base material which has strong corrosion resistance and growth promotion capability, can improve the site condition to construct stable habitat, is ecological and environment-friendly in material, has economical and efficient process, can effectively solve the ecological restoration problem of the rock slope of the highway, and is a technical problem which needs to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems that vegetation concrete in the prior art has poor corrosion resistance, is easy to cause matrix salinization, is difficult to maintain vegetation degradation caused by plant growth for a long time and is difficult to benign evolution of site conditions, and further provides an ecological vegetation concrete base material which has strong corrosion resistance and can improve site conditions to construct stable habitats.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
an ecological vegetation concrete base material is prepared from at least the following raw materials:
planting soil, 100-120 parts by weight;
18-26 parts of cement;
0.3 to 0.5 weight portion of micro silicon powder;
35-40 parts of biomass scraps; 1-2 parts by weight of short fibers; 1-2 parts by weight of a long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer; 0.1 to 0.15 weight portion of mineral source potassium fulvate; 4-6 parts by weight of biochar particles; 0.009-0.01 weight parts of composite microbial inoculum; 6-7 parts of organic fertilizer; plant seeds 0.03-0.5 weight portions.
The long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer is formed by mixing large-particle urea, polyurethane coated urea, potassium sulfate and monoammonium phosphate.
In the long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer, the addition ratio of the large-particle urea, the polyurethane coated urea, the potassium sulfate and the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is (1.1-1.2) 1 (1.4-1.6) 1.3-1.4.
The composite microbial inoculum comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus mucilaginosus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
The ratio of the addition amounts of the bacillus subtilis, the paenibacillus mucilaginosus and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 2:2:5 by weight.
The grain diameter of the planting soil is smaller than 1cm, and the water content is smaller than or equal to 25%.
The grain diameter range of the micro silicon powder is 1250-2500 meshes, and the silicon content of the micro silicon powder is more than 90%.
The biomass scraps are scraps formed by crushing arbor and shrub wastes, and the length of the scraps is smaller than 2cm.
The preparation method of the ecological vegetation concrete base material comprises the following steps:
(1) Uniformly stirring and mixing 35-40 parts by weight of biomass scraps and 1-2 parts by weight of short fibers, fully opening the fibers to prepare a mixture, and uniformly mixing the mixture with 1-2 parts by weight of the long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer to obtain a mixed organic material;
(2) Adding water into 0.1-0.15 weight part of mineral source potassium fulvate to prepare a solution, adding 0.009-0.01 weight part of composite microbial inoculum, carrying out shake culture under the condition of 100-200r/min to prepare a mixed solution, uniformly scattering the mixed solution into 4-6 weight parts of biochar particles for full adsorption, adding 6-7 weight parts of organic fertilizer, and fully and uniformly stirring to prepare a soil activator; and (3) uniformly mixing and stirring the mixed organic material prepared in the step (1) with the soil activator, 100-120 parts by weight of planting soil, 18-25 parts by weight of cement and 0.3-0.5 part by weight of silica fume, adding the plant seeds and water, and uniformly stirring again to obtain the ecological vegetation concrete base material.
The composite microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing bacillus subtilis, bacillus mucilaginosus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
The ecological vegetation concrete base material and the preparation method thereof have the advantages that:
(1) According to the ecological vegetation concrete base material, short fibers and plant scraps are added, after the ecological vegetation concrete base material is fully mixed, the ecological vegetation concrete base material is observed through a Leica modularized stereo microscope, the materials form an interlocking structure which is vertically and horizontally interwoven, and a pressure experiment and a scour prevention experiment show that the ecological vegetation concrete base material plays a role in reinforcing vegetation concrete and improves the cracking resistance and the scour prevention capability of vegetation concrete revetments. Meanwhile, the micro silicon powder is added into the ingredients, and the adhesion and the cohesiveness of the vegetation concrete can be improved, the strength is improved, and the erosion resistance of the vegetation concrete is further enhanced by mixing the micro silicon powder into the concrete.
The long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer in the substrate raw material can provide long-acting nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer for vegetation growth through effective proportion and polyurethane coating, and promote vegetation growth. The compound microbial agent is added into the batching soil activator, and the transformation of nutrient substances can be accelerated through the effect of microorganisms and plant rhizosphere, so that the soil structure and the soil air permeability are improved, and the drought resistance of plants is improved. The polysaccharide metabolized by the microorganism can activate soil microorganisms in the genus area, improve plant rhizosphere microecology, protect root system development, promote the absorption of plant to soil nutrient substances, and promote ecological restoration effect. The bacillus subtilis can enhance the stress resistance of vegetation and immunity to pathogenic bacteria, protect roots and strengthen seedlings, and improve the plant growth capacity; the bacillus mucilaginosus can decompose phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, so that the absorption capacity of plants to the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is improved; the paenibacillus amyloliquefaciens can inhibit the growth of soil pathogenic bacteria and nematodes, promote the stress resistance of plants and promote the growth of plants.
(2) The ecological vegetation concrete base material is preferably prepared by crushing the arbor and shrub waste, so that the forest waste generated in the earlier-stage site leveling of highway construction can be fully utilized, the forest waste can be directly used as the ingredient of vegetation concrete by crushing, organic nutrient substances are provided for slope ecological restoration, and the solid waste is recycled.
(3) The ecological vegetation concrete base material, preferably the soil activator, comprises the mineral source potassium fulvate, and the mineral source potassium fulvate can improve the soil structure, promote the stress resistance of plants and effectively regulate and control the plant growth. Meanwhile, the compound microbial inoculum is added into the batching soil activator, and the transformation of nutrient substances can be accelerated through the effect of microorganisms and plant rhizosphere, so that the soil structure and the soil air permeability are improved, and the drought resistance of plants is improved. The polysaccharide metabolized by the microorganism can activate soil microorganisms in the genus area, improve plant rhizosphere microecology, protect root system development, promote the absorption of plant to soil nutrient substances, and promote ecological restoration effect. The bacillus subtilis can enhance the stress resistance of vegetation and immunity to pathogenic bacteria, protect roots and strengthen seedlings, and improve the plant growth capacity; the bacillus mucilaginosus can decompose phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, so that the absorption capacity of plants to the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is improved; the paenibacillus amyloliquefaciens can inhibit the growth of soil pathogenic bacteria and nematodes, promote the stress resistance of plants and promote the growth of plants.
(4) The preparation method of the ecological vegetation concrete base material has simple process flow, low requirements on processing environment and operation means, convenient large-scale generation and simple and easily-controlled production flow; the component materials and the manufacturing cost of the ecological vegetation concrete base material are low, and the manufactured product is convenient for large-scale popularization in engineering application.
In order to make the technical scheme of the ecological vegetation concrete base and the preparation method thereof more clear, the invention is further described below by combining specific embodiments.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The embodiment provides an ecological vegetation concrete base material, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 120kg of planting soil, wherein the grain diameter of the planting soil is smaller than 0.5cm, and the water content is 16%; 26kg of cement; 0.3kg of micro silicon powder, wherein the grain size range of the micro silicon powder is 1250-2500 meshes, and the silicon content is more than 90%; 0.12kg of potassium fulvate as a mineral source; 40kg of biomass scraps, wherein the biomass scraps are scraps formed by crushing arbor and shrub wastes, and the length range of the scraps is 0.5-1.5cm and less than 2cm; 1.5kg of short fibers, wherein the short fibers are polypropylene fibers with the length ranging from 10 mm to 20 mm; 6kg of biochar particles; 9g of composite microbial inoculum; organic fertilizer, 7kg; 2kg of long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer; plant seeds 0.035kg.
The method for preparing the ecological vegetation concrete base material comprises the following steps:
(1) 40kg of biomass scraps and 1.5kg of short fibers are uniformly mixed by a stirrer, and the mixture is stirred for 2 to 5 minutes to fully disperse the fibers, so that a mixed ingredient A is prepared.
Uniformly mixing 0.46kg of large-particle urea, 0.40kg of polyurethane coated urea, 0.60kg of potassium sulfate and 0.54kg of monoammonium phosphate to prepare the long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer; and adding the prepared slow-release compound fertilizer into the mixture A, and stirring for 1 minute to prepare a mixed ingredient B.
(2) And uniformly mixing 2g of bacillus subtilis, 2g of bacillus mucilaginosus and 5g of bacillus amyloliquefaciens to prepare the composite microbial inoculum. Adding 0.12kg of potassium fulvate serving as a mineral source into 1kg of water, stirring to obtain a solution, scattering a composite microbial inoculum into the solution, and performing shake culture for 4 hours according to 100-200r/min to obtain a mixed solution; and stirring the biochar particles in a stirrer, uniformly spraying the mixed solution into the biochar particles by using a spray pot to fully adsorb, thereby being beneficial to long-acting culture of microbial flora, and adding 7kg of organic fertilizer to fully stir uniformly to prepare the soil activator, wherein the organic fertilizer adopts humic acid organic fertilizer. 120kg of planting soil, 26kg of cement, 0.3kg of silica fume, the mixed ingredient B and the soil activator are mixed and stirred by a stirrer for 15 minutes, then 0.035kg of plant seeds and 25kg of water are added, and the mixture is stirred again for 10 minutes and mixed uniformly to prepare the ecological vegetation concrete base material.
Example 2
The embodiment provides an ecological vegetation concrete base material, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100kg of planting soil, wherein the grain diameter of the planting soil is smaller than 1cm, and the water content is 20%; 20kg of cement; 0.4kg of micro silicon powder, wherein the grain size range of the micro silicon powder is 1250-2500 meshes, and the silicon content is more than 90%; 0.1kg of potassium fulvate as a mineral source and 35kg of biomass scraps; 1kg of short fibers, wherein the short fibers are polypropylene fibers with the length ranging from 10 mm to 20 mm; 4.5kg of biochar particles; 1.5kg of long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer; 9g of composite microbial inoculum; 6kg of organic fertilizer, wherein the organic fertilizer is humic acid organic fertilizer; plant seeds 0.07kg.
The method for preparing the ecological vegetation concrete base material comprises the following steps:
(1) Uniformly mixing 35kg of biomass scraps and 1kg of short fibers by using a stirrer, and stirring for 2-5 minutes to fully disperse the fibers to prepare a mixed ingredient A.
Uniformly mixing 0.34kg of large-particle urea, 0.30kg of polyurethane coated urea, 0.45kg of potassium sulfate and 0.41kg of monoammonium phosphate to prepare a long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer; and adding the prepared long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer into the mixture A, and stirring for 1 minute to prepare a mixed ingredient B.
(2) Uniformly mixing 2g of bacillus subtilis, 2g of paenibacillus mucilaginosus and 5g of bacillus amyloliquefaciens to prepare a composite microbial inoculum; adding 0.1kg of potassium fulvate serving as a mineral source into 1kg of water, stirring to obtain a solution, scattering a composite microbial inoculum into the solution, and shake-culturing for 4 hours according to 100-200r/min to obtain a mixed solution. 4.5kg of biochar particles are stirred in a stirrer, and the mixed solution is uniformly sprayed in the biochar particles by using a spray can to be fully adsorbed, and 6kg of humic acid organic fertilizer is added to be fully stirred uniformly, so that the soil activator is prepared.
Mixing and stirring 100kg of planting soil, 20kg of cement, 0.4kg of silica fume, the mixed ingredient B and the soil activator for 10 minutes by using a stirrer, adding plant seeds and 30kg of water, and stirring for 12 minutes uniformly to prepare the ecological vegetation concrete substrate of the highway side slope.
Experimental example
The ecological vegetation concrete base material prepared in the embodiment 1 is used for a highway ash shale excavation side slope in the southwest of Yunnan, and the ecological vegetation concrete base material is laid on the side slope in construction, and the thickness of the slope is 15cm. Plant growth parameter indicators and slope compressive strength, pH indicators on the execution plots on which the eco-vegetation concrete substrate of example 1 was laid were monitored during a growth cycle of 180 days. Meanwhile, a control group experiment is arranged at the side slope where the concrete base material is not paved, the control group and the implemented sample area parameter index values are all detected by adopting more than three sample methods to be average, and plant seeds are basically stable in germination when growing for 15 days, and the detection is stopped. The monitoring results are shown in the following table:
Figure BDA0003976287180000061
compared with a control group, the germination rate of the seeds of the sample land paved with the ecological vegetation concrete base material in the embodiment 1 is obviously improved, and the average germination rate is improved by 36% after 15 days; the compressive strength is also obviously improved, and the silica fume and the short fiber are added to obviously enhance the slope soil, effectively prevent the vegetation concrete from cracking and play a role in resisting corrosion; the added bacillus subtilis, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, potassium fulvate serving as a mineral source and biochar particles can improve the soil habitat for a long time, greatly improve the soil fertilizer efficiency conversion, promote the plant growth and improve the vegetation coverage rate by 14% in 180 days.
Comparative example
To further verify the technical effect of the concrete substrate described in the present application, the following comparative examples were set up for comparative experiments.
The vegetation concrete base material in the comparative example has the same raw material formulation as in example 1 except that no micro silicon powder is added, and comprises: 120kg of planting soil, wherein the grain diameter of the planting soil is smaller than 1cm, and the water content is 20%; 26kg of cement; 0.12kg of potassium fulvate as a mineral source; 40kg of biomass scraps; 1.5kg of short fibers; 6kg of biochar particles; 9g of composite microbial inoculum; organic fertilizer, 7kg; 2kg of long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer; the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Plant seeds 0.035kg. The preparation method of the vegetation concrete substrate is the same as in example 1, except that no silica fume is added in step (2). The vegetation concrete base material prepared by the comparative example is used for a side slope in an experimental example, and the compressive strength of the base material detected on 180 th day after laying is 0.60MPa, which is lower than that of the ecological vegetation concrete base material in the application example 1.
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention and are described in detail herein without thereby limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the protection scope of the present invention is subject to the claims.

Claims (10)

1. The ecological vegetation concrete base material is characterized by being prepared from at least the following raw materials:
planting soil, 100-120 parts by weight;
18-26 parts of cement;
0.3 to 0.5 weight portion of micro silicon powder;
35-40 parts of biomass scraps; 1-2 parts by weight of short fibers; 1-2 parts by weight of a long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer; 0.1 to 0.15 weight portion of mineral source potassium fulvate; 4-6 parts by weight of biochar particles; 0.009-0.01 weight parts of composite microbial inoculum; 6-7 parts of organic fertilizer; plant seeds 0.03-0.5 weight portions.
2. The ecological vegetation concrete base material of claim 1, wherein the long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer is formed by mixing large-particle urea, polyurethane coated urea, potassium sulfate and monoammonium phosphate.
3. The ecological vegetation concrete base material according to claim 2, wherein in the long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer, the addition ratio of the large-grain urea, the polyurethane coated urea, the potassium sulfate and the monoammonium phosphate is (1.1-1.2): 1 (1.4-1.6): 1.3-1.4 by weight.
4. The ecological vegetation concrete substrate of claim 3, wherein the composite microbial inoculum comprises bacillus subtilis, paenibacillus mucilaginosus, and bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
5. The ecological vegetation concrete substrate according to claim 4, wherein the ratio of the added amounts of bacillus subtilis, paenibacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 2:2:5 by weight.
6. The ecological vegetation concrete substrate of claim 5, wherein the planting soil has a particle size of less than 0.5cm and a moisture content of less than or equal to 25%.
7. The ecological vegetation concrete base material of claim 6, wherein the silica fume has a particle size ranging from 1250 to 2500 mesh and a silica fume content of greater than 90%.
8. The ecological vegetation concrete substrate of any of claims 1-7 wherein the biomass chips are chips from the comminution of arbor and shrub waste, the chips having a length of less than 2cm.
9. The method for preparing the ecological vegetation concrete base material as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Uniformly stirring and mixing 35-40 parts by weight of biomass scraps and 1-2 parts by weight of short fibers, fully opening the fibers to prepare a mixture, and uniformly mixing the mixture with 1-2 parts by weight of the long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer to obtain a mixed organic material;
(2) Adding water into 0.1-0.15 weight part of mineral source potassium fulvate to prepare a solution, adding 0.009-0.01 weight part of composite microbial inoculum, carrying out shake culture under the condition of 100-200r/min to prepare a mixed solution, uniformly scattering the mixed solution into 4-6 weight parts of biochar particles for full adsorption, adding 6-7 weight parts of organic fertilizer, and fully and uniformly stirring to prepare a soil activator; and (3) uniformly mixing and stirring the mixed organic material prepared in the step (1) with the soil activator, 100-120 parts by weight of planting soil, 18-25 parts by weight of cement and 0.3-0.5 part by weight of silica fume, adding the plant seeds and water, and uniformly stirring again to obtain the ecological vegetation concrete base material.
10. The method for preparing the ecological vegetation concrete base material according to claim 9, wherein the composite microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing bacillus subtilis, paenibacillus mucilaginosus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116508612A (en) * 2023-05-29 2023-08-01 甘肃省科学院地质自然灾害防治研究所 Ecological restoration functional multi-layer plant-growing substrate for high steep rock slope

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103510488A (en) * 2013-10-10 2014-01-15 三峡大学 Antifreeze type ecological slope protection substrate
CN110606791A (en) * 2019-09-17 2019-12-24 湖南金叶众望科技股份有限公司 Special slow release fertilizer for rice and preparation method thereof
CN113896600A (en) * 2021-11-29 2022-01-07 河南亿丰肥业郸城农业科技有限公司 Biological bacterium compound fertilizer containing urease inhibitor and mineral potassium fulvate and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103510488A (en) * 2013-10-10 2014-01-15 三峡大学 Antifreeze type ecological slope protection substrate
CN110606791A (en) * 2019-09-17 2019-12-24 湖南金叶众望科技股份有限公司 Special slow release fertilizer for rice and preparation method thereof
CN113896600A (en) * 2021-11-29 2022-01-07 河南亿丰肥业郸城农业科技有限公司 Biological bacterium compound fertilizer containing urease inhibitor and mineral potassium fulvate and preparation method thereof

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116508612A (en) * 2023-05-29 2023-08-01 甘肃省科学院地质自然灾害防治研究所 Ecological restoration functional multi-layer plant-growing substrate for high steep rock slope
CN116508612B (en) * 2023-05-29 2023-11-03 甘肃省科学院地质自然灾害防治研究所 Ecological restoration functional multi-layer plant-growing substrate for high steep rock slope

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