CN116508612B - Ecological restoration functional multi-layer plant-growing substrate for high steep rock slope - Google Patents
Ecological restoration functional multi-layer plant-growing substrate for high steep rock slope Download PDFInfo
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- CN116508612B CN116508612B CN202310616212.1A CN202310616212A CN116508612B CN 116508612 B CN116508612 B CN 116508612B CN 202310616212 A CN202310616212 A CN 202310616212A CN 116508612 B CN116508612 B CN 116508612B
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
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- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 76
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 30
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- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 23
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
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- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 15
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000605272 Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans Species 0.000 claims description 9
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000908011 Trichoderma aureoviride Species 0.000 claims description 9
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 230000001546 nitrifying effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001448421 Ophiopogon jaburan Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005614 potassium polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
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- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 150000003112 potassium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WSMYVTOQOOLQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malondialdehyde Chemical compound O=CCC=O WSMYVTOQOOLQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001046 Nanocellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000233614 Phytophthora Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233639 Pythium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000918585 Pythium aphanidermatum Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000605118 Thiobacillus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000000218 acetic acid group Chemical group C(C)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- UOGBWVLAMKCFBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl acetate;hydrate Chemical compound O.CC(=O)OC(C)=O UOGBWVLAMKCFBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur monoxide Inorganic materials O=S=S TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003722 extracellular fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940118019 malondialdehyde Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical compound S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/24—Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2301/00—Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08J2301/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2405/00—Characterised by the use of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08J2401/00 or C08J2403/00
- C08J2405/08—Chitin; Chondroitin sulfate; Hyaluronic acid; Derivatives thereof
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a functional multi-layer plant-growing substrate for ecological restoration of a high-steep rocky slope, and belongs to the technical field of environmental management. The composite plant substrate comprises a substrate surface layer and a substrate structure layer. The multi-layer plant-growing substrate can enable plants to keep a good growth state and a high survival rate, and further improves the ecological restoration effect of the steep rocky side slope. The multi-layer plant-growing substrate can provide the needed nutrition components for plant growth, is an ecological multi-layer plant-growing substrate suitable for ecological restoration of a steep rock slope, has good anti-scouring performance, and provides a substrate which is convenient to prepare, high in reliability and good in economic benefit for realizing ecological restoration of the steep rock slope.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of environmental treatment, in particular to a functional multi-layer plant-growing substrate for ecological restoration of a high-steep rocky slope.
Background
Along with the progress of industrialization, consumption of resources and raw materials is urgent, mining activities of mine resources are frequent, but excavation of mine resources forms a large amount of high-steep rock slopes which are rock or contain a small amount of soil, so that vegetation is difficult to grow, and the high-steep rock slopes are exposed and leaked outside for a long time, so that the mining method is not only unfavorable for environmental protection and ecological balance, but also can induce mine geological disasters and the like. Therefore, the difficulty of developing ecological restoration in this area is greater. At present, the ecological restoration technology of the high and steep rock side slope mainly uses mature road and railway side slope ecological restoration technologies, such as a soil-alien spray sowing technology, a plant-growing bag technology, a three-dimensional vegetation net spray sowing technology, a floating platform method, a vegetation concrete ecological protection technology and the like, and does not have special restoration materials for ecological restoration of the high and steep rock side slope, so that the ecological restoration effect is not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a functional multi-layer plant-growing substrate for ecological restoration of a steep rocky slope, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides the following solutions:
one of the technical schemes of the application is as follows: the ecological restoration functional multi-layer plant-growing substrate for the steep rocky side slope comprises a substrate surface layer and a substrate structural layer;
the substrate surface layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of haydite, 5-8 parts of wheat straw, 10-12 parts of base material binder, 8-10 parts of planting soil, 0.5-1 part of composite microorganism A, 10-12 parts of humic acid, 1-2 parts of water-retaining agent and 3-4 parts of fermented chicken manure;
the substrate structural layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-12 parts of soybean straw, 15-20 parts of calcium silicate particles, 10-15 parts of composite water-retaining material, 10-12 parts of base material binder, 1-2 parts of composite microorganism B, 5-8 parts of fermented cow dung, 5-8 parts of planting soil, 3-5 parts of compound fertilizer and 8-10 parts of humic acid.
The ceramsite has a special structure with multiple holes, light weight and high surface strength, and can meet the water-containing and air-permeable requirements of plants.
Because the soil layer of the steep rock slope is barren, and the water is not easy to preserve, the plants are difficult to root and germinate, the water retention capacity of the soil of the steep rock slope can be improved by adding the water retaining agent, so that the plants can grow normally, irrigation water can be reduced, and the stress resistance of the plants is improved.
Further, the thickness of the substrate surface layer is 2-3 cm; the thickness of the substrate structural layer is 3-4 cm.
Further, the compound microorganism A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-3 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 1-2 parts of trichoderma aureoviride, 1-2 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus and 2-3 parts of lactobacillus plantarum; the compound microorganism B comprises the following components in parts by mass: 4-5 parts of thiobacillus thiooxidans, 2-3 parts of saccharomycetes, 2-3 parts of nitrifying bacteria, 1-2 parts of sulfureted bacteria, 2-3 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 1-2 parts of Xanthomonas campestris and 2-3 parts of lilyturf turber.
The bacillus licheniformis, the trichoderma aureoviride, the bacillus mucilaginosus and the lactobacillus plantarum in the composite microorganism A can form a good micro-ecological system, and beneficial microorganism flora which is beneficial to plant growth and pest control is constructed in the substrate surface layer, so that the plant rhizosphere nutrition environment is improved, and the decomposition of soil organic matters is enhanced; meanwhile, the plant root growth promoting agent and the bacteriostat can be secreted, the plant root growth can be promoted, and seedling root infection of seedling diseases such as Pythium root rot, phytophthora root rot, bacterial root rot, stem root rot, damping-off and the like can be avoided.
The thiobacillus thiooxidans in the compound microorganism B uses carbon dioxide in the air as a carbon source, inorganic nitrogen as a nitrogen source, and oxidizes Fe 2+ Is Fe 3+ Or oxidizing elemental sulfur to obtain energy required for growth while achieving the effect of decomposing mineral particles.
A layer of biological film (the biological film is a highly hydrated colloidal substance composed of microbial cells, inorganic chips and intercellular fluid) is formed between saccharomycetes in the compound microorganism B and gravels and mineral particles in the steep rock slope, so that the most active microscopic environment for biological-mineral substance exchange and chemical reaction can be provided, and the decomposition of the gravels and the mineral particles can be promoted. And various microorganisms in the compound microorganism B can secrete various chemical substances through metabolism, including inorganic acids such as nitric acid and sulfuric acid, polysaccharides, peptide compounds, various organic acids and the like, so that the physicochemical environment of the rock and mineral surfaces is changed, and the decomposition of minerals is further promoted.
Further, the substrate binder comprises starch, kaolin, or carboxymethyl cellulose; the water-retaining agent comprises sodium polyacrylate, potassium polyacrylate or ammonium polyacrylate.
Further, the composite water-retaining material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of modified cellulose, 3-5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol gel and 4-6 parts of binder.
Further, the preparation method of the modified cellulose specifically comprises the following steps: soaking straw cellulose in hydrochloric acid solution for activation treatment, taking out and cleaning, adding the mixture of chitosan and acetic anhydride for crosslinking reaction, cleaning and drying to obtain the modified cellulose.
The modified cellulose has the characteristics of good hydrophilicity, good rehydration, large water absorption, high water absorption speed and strong water retention.
Further, the preparation method of the polyvinyl alcohol gel specifically comprises the following steps: and adding polyvinyl alcohol into a solvent for dissolution, then adding an aldehyde solution and an acid solution, uniformly stirring, and standing to obtain polyvinyl alcohol gel.
The polyvinyl alcohol gel has high specific surface area, high porosity and good water absorption and water retention effects.
Further, the preparation method of the adhesive specifically comprises the following steps: adding corn starch into water, stirring uniformly, heating, adding concentrated sulfuric acid, potassium permanganate and oxalic acid for reaction, adding sodium hydroxide and borax for crosslinking reaction after the reaction is finished, and finally drying to obtain the binder.
The binder has low cost, is environment-friendly, has good granulating effect and can be well adhered to a steep rock slope.
Further, the preparation method of the composite water-retaining material specifically comprises the following steps: according to the mass portion, the modified cellulose is crushed and granulated, then the aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol gel is sprayed, the aqueous solution of starch is sprayed after drying, and then the adhesive is wrapped, so that the composite water-retaining material is obtained.
The composite water-retaining material prepared by the application has the effects of water absorption and water retention, and also has good adhesion effect, so that the problem that the composite plant-growing base material cannot be stably adhered on a side slope can be avoided (the anti-scouring effect of the composite plant-growing base material is improved).
The second technical scheme of the application is as follows: the preparation method of the multi-layer type plant-growing base material comprises the following steps:
(1) Uniformly mixing the raw materials of the substrate structural layer according to the parts by weight, and regulating the water content to 40-50% to obtain a mixture A;
(2) Uniformly mixing the raw materials of the substrate surface layer according to the parts by weight, and regulating the water content to 35-45% to obtain a mixture B;
(3) And paving the mixture A, and paving the mixture B to obtain the multi-layer plant-growing base material.
The application discloses the following technical effects:
(1) The multi-layer plant-growing substrate can enable plants to keep a good growth state and a high survival rate, and further improves the ecological restoration effect of the steep rocky side slope.
(2) The multi-layer plant-growing substrate can provide the needed nutrition components for plant growth, is an ecological multi-layer plant-growing substrate suitable for ecological restoration of a steep rock slope, has good anti-scouring performance, and provides a substrate which is convenient to prepare, high in reliability and good in economic benefit for realizing ecological restoration of the steep rock slope.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the application will now be described in detail, which should not be considered as limiting the application, but rather as more detailed descriptions of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the application.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. In addition, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the ranges is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also encompassed within the application. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present application. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the application described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the application. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification of the present application. The specification and examples of the present application are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are intended to be inclusive and mean an inclusion, but not limited to.
The "parts" described in the following examples are all "parts by mass".
Bacillus licheniformis, trichoderma aureoviride, bacillus mucilaginosus, lactobacillus plantarum, thiobacillus thiooxidans, saccharomycetes, nitrifying bacteria, vulcanizing bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, xanthomonas campestris, rhodosporidium lilacinus, trichoderma harzianum, thiobacillus denitrificans and acetic acid bacteria used in the following examples and comparative examples are all commercially available.
The bacillus licheniformis has a bacterial content of 5.0 multiplied by 10 9 The bacterial content of cfu/g and Trichoderma aureoviride is 1.0X10 9 cfu/g, bacillus mucilaginosus with a bacterial content of 2.0X10 8 cfu/g, lactobacillus plantarum with a bacterial content of 4.0X10 8 cfu/g, sulfur oxide thiobacillus with bacterial content of 5.0X10 8 cfuThe content of the saccharomycetes per gram is 6.5X10 7 cfu/g, nitrifying bacteria with a bacterial content of 2.0X10 8 cfu/g, the bacterial content of vulcanized bacteria is 8.0X10 7 cfu/g, lactobacillus content of 3.0X10 7 cfu/g, the bacterial content of Xanthomonas campestris is 2.0X10 9 cfu/g, the content of the lilac rhodosporidium is 3.0X10 7 The bacterial content of cfu/g and Trichoderma harzianum is 1.0X10 9 cfu/g, the bacterial content of the thiobacillus denitrificans is 5.0X10 8 cfu/g, acetic acid bacteria content of 3.0X10 7 cfu/g。
The gradient of the high and steep rock slope is 80-90 degrees.
Example 1
Ecological restoration functional multi-layer plant-growing base material for high steep rock slope:
the composite plant substrate consists of a substrate surface layer and a substrate structural layer;
(1) The substrate surface layer consists of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 12 parts of ceramsite, 6 parts of wheat straw, 12 parts of a base material binder, 9 parts of planting soil, 0.8 part of composite microorganism A, 12 parts of humic acid, 1.5 parts of a water-retaining agent and 3 parts of fermented chicken manure.
Wherein, the grain diameter of the ceramsite is 2mm;
the length of the wheat straw is 5mm;
the substrate binder is starch;
the planting soil is the planting soil obtained nearby;
the compound microorganism A consists of the following components in parts by mass: 3 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 1 part of trichoderma aureoviride, 2 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus and 2 parts of lactobacillus plantarum;
the water-retaining agent is sodium polyacrylate.
(2) The substrate structural layer consists of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10 parts of soybean straw, 18 parts of calcium silicate particles, 12 parts of composite water retention material, 12 parts of base material binder, 2 parts of composite microorganism B, 6 parts of fermented cow dung, 7 parts of planting soil, 4 parts of compound fertilizer and 9 parts of humic acid.
Wherein, the grain diameter of the soybean straw is 2mm;
the particle size of the calcium silicate particles is 2mm;
the preparation method of the composite water-retaining material comprises the following steps: crushing 12 parts of modified cellulose to a particle size of 200 meshes, spraying water, granulating (particle size of 1 mm), and drying (60 ℃) to obtain inner-layer particles; uniformly mixing 5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol gel and 15 parts of water, spraying on the inner layer particles, and drying (60 ℃) to obtain middle layer particles; then spraying starch aqueous solution (with the concentration of 1 wt%) on the middle layer granules until the surface is wet, then adding 5 parts of binder to wrap, and drying (60 ℃) after the wrapping is completed to obtain the composite water-retaining material;
the preparation method of the modified cellulose comprises the following steps: soaking straw cellulose in 15vol.% hydrochloric acid solution for normal temperature activation treatment for 2 hours, taking out, and washing with water to obtain hydrolyzed straw cellulose; adding chitosan into acetic anhydride water solution with the concentration of 20wt.%, so that the concentration of chitosan is 2wt.% to obtain chitosan-acetic anhydride solution; then adding the hydrolyzed straw cellulose into chitosan-acetic anhydride solution, stirring and reacting for 5 hours at the temperature of 40 ℃, and finally washing with water and drying (70 ℃) to obtain modified cellulose;
the preparation method of the polyvinyl alcohol gel comprises the following steps: adding polyvinyl alcohol (1788) into ethanol, and dispersing and dissolving by using a high-speed dispersing machine to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol solution with the concentration of 10 wt%; then uniformly mixing and stirring the polyvinyl alcohol solution, the aldehyde solution and the acid solution, standing for 48 hours, and finally drying (40 ℃) to obtain polyvinyl alcohol gel; wherein the concentration of the aldehyde solution (malondialdehyde solution) is 15wt.%, and the addition amount is 5% of the mass of the polyvinyl alcohol; the concentration of the acid solution (tartaric acid solution) was 20wt.%, and the addition amount was 10% of the mass of the polyvinyl alcohol.
The preparation method of the adhesive comprises the following steps: 50g of corn starch is added into water, stirred uniformly and heated to 45 ℃, then 0.4mL of concentrated sulfuric acid is added and stirred uniformly, then 1.0g of potassium permanganate and 0.7g of oxalic acid are added, after uniform mixing, the reaction is carried out for 40min, after the reaction is finished, 1g of sodium thiosulfate is added to stop the reaction, 5g of sodium hydroxide is added continuously and stirred for 5min, 0.7g of borax is added, the mixture is uniformly mixed and reacted for 10min at 50 ℃, and the binder is obtained after washing with water and drying (40 ℃).
A substrate binder, carboxymethyl cellulose;
the compound microorganism B consists of the following components in parts by mass: thiobacillus thiooxidans 5 parts, saccharomycetes 2.5 parts, nitrifying bacteria 3 parts, vulcanizing bacteria 2 parts, lactic acid bacteria 2.5 parts, xanthomonas campestris 2 parts and rhodosporidium lilacinum 2.5 parts.
The planting soil is the planting soil obtained nearby;
the compound fertilizer is nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (15-15-15).
(3) Preparing a substrate structural layer material: and (3) uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the parts by weight, and adding water to adjust the water content to 45% to obtain the substrate structural layer material.
(4) Preparing a substrate surface layer material: and (3) uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the parts by weight, adding water to adjust the water content to 40%, and coating the substrate with the surface layer material.
(5) Tiling a substrate structural layer material, controlling the thickness to be 4cm, tiling a substrate surface layer material on the substrate structural layer material, and controlling the thickness to be 3cm to obtain the multi-layer plant-growing substrate.
The substrate structural layer material and the substrate surface layer material are prepared in an on-site manner, and seeds for ecological restoration and the substrate surface layer material are uniformly mixed.
Example 2
Ecological restoration functional multi-layer plant-growing base material for high steep rock slope:
the composite plant substrate consists of a substrate surface layer and a substrate structural layer;
(1) The substrate surface layer consists of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 15 parts of haydite, 5 parts of wheat straw, 10 parts of a base material binder, 10 parts of planting soil, 1 part of composite microorganism A, 12 parts of humic acid, 2 parts of a water-retaining agent and 4 parts of fermented chicken manure.
Wherein, the grain diameter of the ceramsite is 2mm;
the length of the wheat straw is 5mm;
the substrate binder is kaolin;
the planting soil is the planting soil obtained nearby;
the compound microorganism A consists of the following components in parts by mass: 2 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 1 part of trichoderma aureoviride, 1 part of bacillus mucilaginosus and 3 parts of lactobacillus plantarum;
the water-retaining agent is potassium polyacrylate.
(2) The substrate structural layer consists of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 12 parts of soybean straw, 20 parts of calcium silicate particles, 10 parts of composite water-retaining material, 11 parts of base material binder, 1 part of composite microorganism B, 8 parts of fermented cow dung, 5 parts of planting soil, 5 parts of compound fertilizer and 8 parts of humic acid.
Wherein, the grain diameter of the soybean straw is 2mm;
the particle size of the calcium silicate particles is 2mm;
the preparation method of the composite water-retaining material comprises the following steps: 10 parts of modified cellulose is crushed to have a particle size of 200 meshes, then water is sprayed, granulation (particle size of 1 mm) is carried out, and inner-layer particles are obtained after drying (60 ℃); uniformly mixing 4 parts of polyvinyl alcohol gel and 15 parts of water, spraying on the inner layer particles, and drying (60 ℃) to obtain middle layer particles; then spraying starch aqueous solution (with the concentration of 1 wt%) on the middle layer granules until the surface is wet, then adding 4 parts of binder to wrap, and drying (60 ℃) after the wrapping is completed to obtain the composite water-retaining material;
the preparation method of the modified cellulose comprises the following steps: as in example 1;
the preparation method of the polyvinyl alcohol gel comprises the following steps: as in example 1;
the preparation method of the adhesive comprises the following steps: as in example 1;
the substrate binder is starch;
the compound microorganism B consists of the following components in parts by mass: thiobacillus thiooxidans 4 parts, saccharomycetes 2 parts, nitrifying bacteria 2 parts, vulcanizing bacteria 2 parts, lactic acid bacteria 2 parts, xanthomonas campestris 1 part and lilac rhodosporidium 2 parts.
The planting soil is the planting soil obtained nearby;
the compound fertilizer is nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (15-15-15).
(3) Preparing a substrate structural layer material: and (3) uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the parts by weight, and adding water to adjust the water content to 40% to obtain the substrate structural layer material.
(4) Preparing a substrate surface layer material: and (3) uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the parts by weight, adding water to adjust the water content to 45%, and adding a substrate surface layer material.
(5) Tiling a substrate structural layer material, controlling the thickness to be 4cm, tiling a substrate surface layer material on the substrate structural layer material, and controlling the thickness to be 3cm to obtain the multi-layer plant-growing substrate.
The substrate structural layer material and the substrate surface layer material are prepared in an on-site manner, and seeds for ecological restoration and the substrate surface layer material are uniformly mixed.
Example 3
Ecological restoration functional multi-layer plant-growing base material for high steep rock slope:
the composite plant substrate consists of a substrate surface layer and a substrate structural layer;
(1) The substrate surface layer consists of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10 parts of haydite, 8 parts of wheat straw, 12 parts of base material binder, 8 parts of planting soil, 0.5 part of composite microorganism A, 11 parts of humic acid, 1 part of water-retaining agent and 3.5 parts of fermented chicken manure.
Wherein, the grain diameter of the ceramsite is 2mm;
the length of the wheat straw is 5mm;
the substrate binder is carboxymethyl cellulose;
the planting soil is the planting soil obtained nearby;
the compound microorganism A consists of the following components in parts by mass: 2 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 2 parts of trichoderma aureoviride, 1 part of bacillus mucilaginosus and 2 parts of lactobacillus plantarum;
the water-retaining agent is ammonium polyacrylate.
(2) The substrate structural layer consists of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 11 parts of soybean straw, 15 parts of calcium silicate particles, 15 parts of composite water-retaining material, 10 parts of base material binder, 1.5 parts of composite microorganism B, 5 parts of fermented cow dung, 8 parts of planting soil, 3 parts of compound fertilizer and 10 parts of humic acid.
Wherein, the grain diameter of the soybean straw is 2mm;
the particle size of the calcium silicate particles is 2mm;
the preparation method of the composite water-retaining material comprises the following steps: 15 parts of modified cellulose is crushed to have a particle size of 200 meshes, then water is sprayed, granulation (particle size of 1 mm) is carried out, and inner-layer particles are obtained after drying (60 ℃); uniformly mixing 3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol gel and 15 parts of water, spraying on the inner layer particles, and drying (60 ℃) to obtain middle layer particles; then spraying starch aqueous solution (with the concentration of 1 wt%) on the middle layer granules until the surface is wet, then adding 6 parts of binder to wrap, and drying (60 ℃) after the wrapping is completed to obtain the composite water-retaining material;
the preparation method of the modified cellulose comprises the following steps: as in example 1;
the preparation method of the polyvinyl alcohol gel comprises the following steps: as in example 1;
the preparation method of the adhesive comprises the following steps: as in example 1;
the substrate binder is kaolin;
the compound microorganism B consists of the following components in parts by mass: thiobacillus thiooxidans 5 parts, saccharomycetes 3 parts, nitrifying bacteria 2 parts, vulcanizing bacteria 1 part, lactic acid bacteria 3 parts, xanthomonas campestris 1.5 parts and lilyturf turber 3 parts.
The planting soil is the planting soil obtained nearby;
the compound fertilizer is nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (15-15-15).
(3) Preparing a substrate structural layer material: and (3) uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the parts by weight, and adding water to adjust the water content to 50% to obtain the substrate structural layer material.
(4) Preparing a substrate surface layer material: and (3) uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the parts by weight, adding water to adjust the water content to 35%, and adding a substrate surface layer material.
(5) Tiling a substrate structural layer material, controlling the thickness to be 4cm, tiling a substrate surface layer material on the substrate structural layer material, and controlling the thickness to be 3cm to obtain the multi-layer plant-growing substrate.
The substrate structural layer material and the substrate surface layer material are prepared in an on-site manner, and seeds for ecological restoration and the substrate surface layer material are uniformly mixed.
Comparative example 1
The same as in example 1 was repeated except that Trichoderma aureoviride in Compound microorganism A was replaced with Trichoderma harzianum of equal parts by mass.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is only that thiobacillus thiooxidans in the composite microorganism B is replaced with an equal mass fraction of thiobacillus denitrificans.
Comparative example 3
The same as in example 1 was followed except that the lactic acid bacteria in the composite microorganism B were replaced with acetic acid bacteria in equal parts by mass.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 1 is only that the yeast in the composite microorganism B is replaced with thiobacillus thiooxidans of equal mass fraction.
Comparative example 5
The only difference from example 1 is that the modified cellulose is replaced with an equal mass fraction of nanocellulose (fibre size less than 100 nm).
Comparative example 6
The difference from example 1 is only that the binder in the composite water-retaining material is replaced with equal parts by mass of carboxymethyl cellulose.
Comparative example 7
The only difference from example 1 is that the preparation method of the composite water-retaining material is as follows: crushing 12 parts of modified cellulose to a particle size of 200 meshes, spraying water, granulating (particle size of 1 mm), and drying (60 ℃) to obtain inner-layer particles; spraying starch water solution (with concentration of 1 wt.%) on the inner layer particles until the surface is wet, then adding 5 parts of binder for coating, and drying (60 ℃) after coating is completed to obtain the middle layer particles; uniformly mixing 5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol gel and 15 parts of water, spraying the mixture on the middle layer particles, and drying (60 ℃) the mixture to obtain the composite water-retaining material.
Effect example 1
Bisecting a steep rock slope into a plurality of 1m 2 The cells of the application are reserved with 1m wide isolation belts, then the substrate structural layer materials of the embodiment and the comparative example of the application are respectively paved on the steep rock slope, the paving thickness is 4cm, and then the festuca arundinacea seeds are respectively and evenly mixed with the substrate surface layer materials of the embodiment and the comparative example of the application (the dosage of the festuca arundinacea seeds is 1500 grains/m) 2 About 15g, the germination rate is 95 percent measured indoors), then the base material is paved on the base material structural layer material, the paving thickness is 3cm,each treatment was repeated 5 times. The germination rate of festuca arundinacea was counted 3 weeks after sowing, and the height and survival rate of festuca arundinacea were counted 8 weeks after sowing, and the results are shown in tables 1 and 2.
Germination rate = number of germinated seeds/number of sown seeds x 100%;
survival = number of surviving plants/number of sown seeds x 100%.
Table 1 germination percentage of festuca arundinacea after 3 weeks of sowing
TABLE 2 height and survival of festuca arundinacea after 8 weeks of sowing
| Grouping | Height (cm) | Survival rate (%) |
| Example 1 | 10.2 | 93.80 |
| Example 2 | 10.1 | 93.33 |
| Example 3 | 10.1 | 93.00 |
| Comparative example 1 | 9.9 | 92.00 |
| Comparative example 2 | 9.5 | 86.67 |
| Comparative example 3 | 9.8 | 91.67 |
| Comparative example 4 | 9.4 | 86.00 |
| Comparative example 5 | 9.7 | 88.53 |
| Comparative example 6 | 9.6 | 88.13 |
| Comparative example 7 | 9.2 | 84.73 |
The above embodiments are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present application should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present application without departing from the design spirit of the present application.
Claims (5)
1. The ecological restoration functional multi-layer plant-growing substrate for the steep rocky side slope is characterized by comprising a substrate surface layer and a substrate structural layer;
the substrate surface layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of haydite, 5-8 parts of wheat straw, 10-12 parts of a substrate binder, 8-10 parts of planting soil, 0.5-1 part of composite microorganism A, 10-12 parts of humic acid, 1-2 parts of a water retaining agent and 3-4 parts of fermented chicken manure;
the substrate structural layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-12 parts of soybean straw, 15-20 parts of calcium silicate particles, 10-15 parts of composite water retention materials, 10-12 parts of substrate binders, 1-2 parts of composite microorganisms B, 5-8 parts of fermented cow dung, 5-8 parts of planting soil, 3-5 parts of compound fertilizers and 8-10 parts of humic acid;
the compound microorganism A comprises the following components in parts by mass: 2-3 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 1-2 parts of trichoderma aureoviride, 1-2 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus and 2-3 parts of lactobacillus plantarum; the compound microorganism B comprises the following components in parts by mass: 4-5 parts of thiobacillus thiooxidans, 2-3 parts of saccharomycetes, 2-3 parts of nitrifying bacteria, 1-2 parts of sulfureted bacteria, 2-3 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 1-2 parts of xanthomonas campestris and 2-3 parts of lilyturf lilacinus;
the composite water-retaining material comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10-15 parts of modified cellulose, 3-5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol gel and 4-6 parts of binder;
the preparation method of the modified cellulose specifically comprises the following steps: soaking straw cellulose in hydrochloric acid solution for activation treatment, taking out and cleaning, adding the mixture of chitosan and acetic anhydride for crosslinking reaction, cleaning and drying to obtain the modified cellulose;
the preparation method of the polyvinyl alcohol gel specifically comprises the following steps: adding polyvinyl alcohol into a solvent for dissolution, then adding an aldehyde solution and an acid solution, uniformly stirring, and standing to obtain polyvinyl alcohol gel;
the preparation method of the adhesive specifically comprises the following steps: adding corn starch into water, stirring uniformly, heating, adding concentrated sulfuric acid, potassium permanganate and oxalic acid for reaction, adding sodium hydroxide and borax for crosslinking reaction after the reaction is finished, and finally drying to obtain the binder.
2. The composite plant substrate according to claim 1, wherein the substrate facing layer has a thickness of 3cm; the thickness of the substrate structural layer is 4cm.
3. The multi-layered plant substrate according to claim 1, wherein the substrate binder comprises starch, kaolin or carboxymethyl cellulose; the water-retaining agent comprises sodium polyacrylate, potassium polyacrylate or ammonium polyacrylate.
4. The composite plant-growing substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the preparation method of the composite water-retaining material comprises the following steps: according to the mass portion, the modified cellulose is crushed and granulated, then the aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol gel is sprayed, the aqueous solution of starch is sprayed after drying, and then the adhesive is wrapped, so that the composite water-retaining material is obtained.
5. A method for preparing the multi-layer type plant substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the following steps:
(1) Uniformly mixing the raw materials of the substrate structural layer according to the parts by weight, and adjusting the water content to 40-50% to obtain a mixture A;
(2) Uniformly mixing the raw materials of the substrate surface layer according to the parts by weight, and adjusting the water content to 35-45% to obtain a mixture B;
(3) And paving the mixture A, and paving the mixture B to obtain the multi-layer plant-growing base material.
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