GB2616332A - One-step fertilization and industrial seedling raising method for rice - Google Patents
One-step fertilization and industrial seedling raising method for rice Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2616332A GB2616332A GB2219084.7A GB202219084A GB2616332A GB 2616332 A GB2616332 A GB 2616332A GB 202219084 A GB202219084 A GB 202219084A GB 2616332 A GB2616332 A GB 2616332A
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- seedling raising
- rice
- fertilizer
- rice seedling
- seedling
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- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
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- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentoxide Inorganic materials O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
- C05C9/005—Post-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizing (AREA)
Abstract
Disclosed in the present invention is a one-step fertilization and industrial seedling raising method for rice, which method relates to the technical field of rice seedling raising. The method of the present invention specifically comprises adding a slow-release fertilizer specially for rice seedling raising into cultivation soil of a rice seedling raising tray during the process of industrial seedling raising of rice. The slow-release fertilizer specially for rice seedling raising comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of vegetable-oil-based coated urea, 40-50 parts of a vegetable-oil-based coated compound fertilizer and 20-35 parts of clay. In the method of the present invention, the processes of industrial seedling raising and fertilization of rice are integrated, and can serve as one-step application of a base fertilizer. Topdressing is not needed throughout the whole growth period, the two fertilization steps of base fertilizer application and topdressing are omitted, the labor and machinery costs are greatly reduced, the economic benefits are improved, and a grower has more free time.
Description
INDUSTRIALIZED RICE SEEDLING RAISING METHOD WITH ONE-T1ME FERTILIZATION The application relates to the technical field of rice seedling raising, and in particular to an industrialized rice seedling raising method with one-time fertilization.
With a development of economy and an improvement of living standards, labor force shifts to cities and towns. Rice planting has gradually been shifted from traditional manual transplanting to labor-saving and simple cultivation such as throwing seedlings, direct seeding and mechanical transplanting. However, it is difficult to control weeds in direct seeding rice, and seasonal contradictions of double-cropping direct seeding are prominent. Throwing seedlings is only a transitional cultivation measure, and eventually the cultivation may develop into the cultivation with mechanized operation, and mechanical transplanting may gradually become popular. Besides rice direct seeding, seedling raising is still an important link in rice production, and a quality of seedling raising is related to the growth, development and yield of rice.
At present, traditional rice seedling-raising methods mainly include water seedling-raising, dry seedling-raising, wet seedling-raising, plastic floppy tray seedling-raising, and industrialized seedling raising. Water seedling-raising is a seedling-raising method to manage a seedling field mainly by flooding during a whole seedling-raising period. Water seedling-raising has a certain effect on keeping warm and cold, preventing and killing weeds in the seedlings by using a water layer, and is easy to pull out the seedlings with few injuries. The flooding for the seedling field in a saline-alkali land may prevent salt and protect seedlings. However, due to long-term flooding, soil oxygen is insufficient, the seedlings are prone to overgrowth to affect root penetration, and the quality of the seedlings is poor, so water seedling-raising is rarely used at present. Dry seedling raising is a kind of water-saving seedling raising method, which is characterized by dry land preparation and management, abundant oxygen in the soil, well-developed root systems, strong vitality, quick rooting and early survival after transplanting. After sowing, the seedling field is kept moist. Before transplanting, water is poured only once to harden seedling blocks, making it convenient for transplanting the seedlings with the soil. Wet seedling-raising is a seedling-raising method between water seedling-raising and dry seedling-raising. Wet seedling-raising is a seedling-raising method mainly based on wet or shallow water irrigation after ditching in the seedling field, compartment sowing, mud treading, film covering and sowing. A suitable sowing date is determined by a safe heading and flowering period and a suitable seedling by adopting age sparse sowing and sowing after germination with heat preservation. In low temperature and rainy weathers of early rice, films, plastic films and non-woven fabrics, etc. need to be covered after sowing with wet seedling-raising for heat preservation to prevent seed rotting and seedling rotting and improve a seedling quality. The plastic floppy tray seedling-raising method is a kind of seedling-raising method evolved from greenhouse seedling-raising. Calcium-plastic floppy trays with a length of 58 cm, a width of 28 cm, and a depth of 2.6-2.8 cm are commonly used for floppy tray seedling-raising. The floppy trays are placed on a bed surface in the field, filled with nutrient soil for watering and sowing.
Raised seedlings may be planted manually, which is more conducive to throwing planting Each tray has 70-80 g seedlings for sparse seeding of artificial transplanting, and each tray is 100 g seedlings for dense seeding of mechanical transplanting. All the above traditional seedling-raising methods are faced with problems such as complicated processing procedures and high labor costs.
Factory rice seedling-raising is a new technology developed in recent years according to needs of machine transplanting cultivation. Factory rice seedling-raising carries out mechanized, large-scale, intensive, commercialized and socialized seedling-raising and seedling supply according to a standardized process flow on a basis of intelligent rice seedling-raising with highly automated facilities. Factory rice seedling-raising is a transformation and promotion of the traditional seedling-raising methods of a small-peasants consciousness, and is in line with development requirements of modern market economy. However, in the process of industrialized rice seedling-raising, basal fertilizer may not be applied in the rice seedling-raising trays because the fertilizer may burn the seedlings, and fertilization is needed in a middle or later stage of transplanting, thus virtually increasing the fertilization steps and complicating the procedures.
Industrialized rice seedling-raising may completely achieve industrialized rice seedling-raising by one-time fertilization, and a key to one-time fertilization is to adopt a slow-release fertilizer technology. However, one of the difficulties in the industrialized rice seedling-raising by one-time fertilization is that the problem of burning seedlings may occur when most slow-release fertilizers exceed I kg in the standard seedling trays of 280 mm x570 mm. In addition, a second difficulty in the industrialized rice seedling-raising by one-time fertilization is that the fertilizer may fall off from the seedling trays and may not be inserted into the soil along with rice roots during machine transplanting. Moreover, at present, a means of the slow-release fertilizer to achieve a slow-release effect is generally to coat fertilizer particles, and coating materials are mostly high-molecular polymers. High-molecular polymers have a defect of being difficult to degrade, which causes environmental pollution.
Therefore, it is of great significance for the technical field of rice seedling raising to provide a labor-saving, safe and pollution-free industrialized rice seedling-raising by one-time fertilization method that integrates fertilization with industrialized seedling raising.
In order to solve problems existing in the prior art, the application provides an industrialized rice seedling raising method with one-time fertilization, so as to integrate fertilization with industrialized seedling raising and avoid a late application of fertilizer; and simultaneously, the fertilizer used for seedling raising does not adopt high molecular polymers, so the fertilizer is environment-friendly.
To achieve the above objective, the application provides following technical schemes: one of the technical schemes of the application is a special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising, including following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of vegetable oil-based coated urea, 40-50 parts of vegetable oil-based coated compound fertilizer and 20-35 parts of clay.
In an embodiment, a preparation method of the vegetable oil-based coated urea ncludes following steps: preheating urea to 55-65°C; mixing plant seed germ oil with sorbitan dioctyl acid for a modification reaction, and then adding catalyst and uniformly mixing to obtain a component A; spraying the component A and a curing agent simultaneously on preheated urea particles at a same spraying speed for a coating treatment, and obtaining the vegetable oil-based coated urea In an embodiment, the catalyst is tin palmitate or zinc chloride; the curing agent is isocyanate; a temperature of the modification reaction is 60-70°C, and a duration is 45-55 minutes; the spraying speed is 0.4-1 L/h; and the coating treatment is repeated three times.
In an embodiment, the urea is large granular urea with a particle size of 2-5 mm, preferably 3-4 mm.
In an embodiment, a mass of coating materials in the vegetable oil-based coated urea is 3-4% of the mass of the urea.
In an embodiment, the preparation method of the vegetable oil-based coated compound fertilizer includes the following steps: preheating the compound fertilizer to 55-65°C; mixing plant seed germ oil with sorbitan dioctyl acid for the modification reaction, and then adding the catalyst and uniformly mixing to obtain a component A; spraying the component A and a curing agent simultaneously on preheated urea particles at the same spraying speed for the coating treatment, and obtaining the vegetable oil-based coated compound fertilizer.
In an embodiment, the catalyst is tin palmitate or zinc chloride; the curing agent is isocyanate; the temperature of the modification reaction is 60-70°C, and the duration is 45-55 minutes; the spraying speed is 0.4-1 L/h; and the coating treatment is repeated five times.
In an embodiment, mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide in the compound fertilizer are 15%, 15%, 15% or 20%, 10%, 12% or 24%, 6% and 9% respectively.
In an embodiment, the compound fertilizer is a large-particle compound fertilizer with a particle size of 2-5 mm, optionally 3-4 mm.
In an embodiment, the mass of the coating materials in the vegetable oil-based coated compound fertilizer is 5% of the mass of the compound fertilizer.
Sorbitan dioctyl acid may increase a number of hydroxyl groups in the plant seed germ oil; the catalyst may accelerate a curing reaction rate in a coating process; during the coating process, -NCO in the curing agent reacts with the hydroxyl groups in the plant seed germ oil, and a film material obtained after the reaction hardly contains -NCO, so sorbitan dioctyl acid may be said to be safe and nontoxic.
In an embodiment, the clay is one or more of kaolin, attapulgite and bentonite.
The clay may make the special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising closely adhere to a root system of rice seedlings; the clay is inserted into the soil together with the seedlings during transplanting, thus avoiding the problem that the fertilizer may fall off a seedling tray during transplanting, ensuring that the special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising is at roots of rice in a whole growth period of rice, and the nutrients slowly released by the slow-release fertilizer may be quickly absorbed and utilized by the root system, thus realizing accurate fertilization A second technical scheme of the application is a preparation method of the special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising, including the following steps: uniformly mixing the vegetable oil-based coated urea, the vegetable oil-based coated compound fertilizer and the clay according to parts by weight.
A third technical scheme of the application is an application of the special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising in rice seedling raising A fourth technical scheme of the application is an industrialized rice seedling raising method with one-time fertilization, including the following steps: in a process of industrialized rice seedling raising, adding the special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising into culture soil of a rice seedling raising tray.
In an embodiment, an addition amount of the special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising is 1.9-2.7 kg/standard seedling tray.
A size of the standard seedling tray is 280 mm x570 mmx 26 mm.
The application discloses following technical effects.
The special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising according to the application is the vegetable oil-based coated urea and the coated compound fertilizer, which are harmless to the rice seedlings. The coating materials are vegetable oil, sorbitan dioctanoic acid and the curing agent, so there is no difficult degradation of the polymers and the fertilizer is environmentally friendly.
The industrialized rice seedling raising method with one-time fertilization according to the application uses the clay to tightly bond the special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising with the root system of the rice seedlings, and inserts the clay into the soil together with the seedlings during the transplanting, so as to meet fertilizer requirement characteristics of rice in the whole growth period, so there is no need to apply fertilizer in the later period. The special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising is located at the roots of rice in the whole growth period of rice, and the nutrients slowly released by the slow-release fertilizer may be quickly absorbed and utilized by the roots, thus realizing the accurate fertilization.
The industrialized rice seedling raising method with one-time fertilization may be obtained by adding the special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising into the culture soil of the rice seedling-raising tray on a basis of original industrialized rice seedling-raising, realizing the integration of the industrialized rice seedling-raising and the fertilization. The special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising may be used as a basic fertilizer at one time, and no topdressing is required during the whole growth period, thus reducing two fertilizing steps of basic fertilizer application and the topdressing, greatly reducing labor and mechanical costs, improving economic benefits, and increasing the free control time of growers.
The industrialized rice seedling raising method with one-time fertilization may meet a fertilizer demand law of rice in the whole growth period. A conventional nitrogen application amount of rice is 16-20 kg/ mu, and a nitrogen application amount of one-time fertilization is only 12-14 kg/ mu, which is 70-90% of the conventional fertilization amount, thus greatly reducing the fertilizer application amount and greatly increasing a fertilizer utilization rate on the basis of ensuring a rice yield.
Now, various exemplary embodiments of the application are described in detail. This detailed description should not be taken as a limitation of the application, but should be understood as a more detailed description of some aspects, characteristics and embodiments of the application.
It should be understood that terms mentioned in the application are only used to describe specific embodiments, and are not used to limit the application. In addition, for a numerical range in the application, it should be understood that each intermediate value between an upper limit and a lower limit of the range is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or an intermediate value within the stated range and any other stated value or the intermediate value within the stated range is also included in the application. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.
Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the field to which this application relates. Although the application only describes preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the practice or testing of the application. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe methods and/or materials related to the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated documents, the contents of this specification shall prevail.
Without departing from a scope or spirit of the application, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that many modifications and changes may be made to the specific embodiments of the present specification. Other embodiments obtained from the description of the application will be obvious to the skilled person. The specification and embodiment of this application are only exemplary.
As used in this paper, the terms "including", "including", "having" and "containing" are all open terms, meaning including but not limited to.
Unless otherwise specified, percentages mentioned in the application are all in parts by mass.
Embodiment 1 Preparation of vegetable oil-based coated urea (1) 500 kg of granular urea with a diameter of 2-5 mm produced by Sinochem Fertilizer Company is weighed, transported to a drum, and preheated to 60°C (55-65°C may achieve the same technical effect as 60°C).
(2) A vegetable oil-based coating agent is divided into a component A and a component B, in which the component A: 5 kg of rice germ oil and 1 kg of sorbitan dioctyl acid are stirred and reacted in a reaction kettle at 65°C(60-70°C may achieve the same technical effect as 65°C) for 50 minutes, and then 1 ml of tin palmitate is added and evenly mixed to obtain the component A. Component B: 4,4-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate 4 kg.
(3) The component A and the component B are added into the drum in the step (1) at a same speed of 0.5 L/h by a spray gun, and sprayed on the granular urea, and an amount of the vegetable oil-based coating agent is 1.2% of a weight of granular urea; a fertilizer temperature is kept at 60°C(55-65°C may achieve the same technical effect as 60°C), and fertilizer particles are rolled to make the vegetable oil-based coating agent spread evenly on a moving fertilizer surface and solidified to form a dense and smooth film, and a vegetable oil coating process is completed, and vegetable oil-based coated urea is cooled to a room temperature. This step is repeated twice
S
to prepare the vegetable oil-based coated urea with a total coating rate of 3.6% and a sustained-release period of 120 days.
Embodiment 2 Preparation of vegetable oil-based coated compound fertilize (1) Compound fertilizer granules 500 kg produced by Jiangsu Huachang Chemical Industry (mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide are 15%, 15% and 15% respectively) is weighed, transported to the drum, and preheated to 60°C (55-65°C may achieve the same technical effect as 60°C).
(2) The vegetable oil-based coating agent is divided into the component A and the component B, in which the component A: 5 kg of rice germ oil and 1 kg of sorbitan dioctyl acid are stirred and reacted in the reaction kettle at 65°C(60-70°C may achieve the same technical effect as 65°C) for minutes, and then 1 ml of zinc chloride is added and evenly mixed to obtain the component A. Component B: 4 kg of tetramethyl basic xylene diisocyanate.
(3) The component A and the component B are added into the drum of step (1) at the same speed of 0.5 L/h by the spray gun, and sprayed on the compound fertilizer particles, with a amount of vegetable oil-based coating agent accounting for 1% of the weight of compound fertilizer particles; a fertilizer temperature is kept at 60°C(55-65°C may achieve the same technical effect as 60°C), and the fertilizer particles are rolled to make the vegetable oil-based coating agent spread evenly on the moving fertilizer surface and solidified to form the dense and smooth film, and the vegetable oil coating process is completed, and the vegetable oil-based coated compound fertilizer is cooled to the room temperature. This step is repeated four times to prepare the vegetable oil-based coated compound fertilizer with a total coating rate of 5% and the sustained release period of 60 days.
Embodiment 3 industrialized rice seedling raising with one-time fertilization (nitrogen application rate of 15.7 kg/667m2) (1) Bed soil of seedling trays: plastic hard trays (standard tray) with a specification of 280 mmx570 mmx26 mm are selected, and a soil discharge amount of a soil discharge valve is adjusted to a depth of each seedling tray of 13 min; (2) fertilizer sowing in seedling trays: the vegetable oil-based coated urea prepared in embodiment 1, the vegetable oil-based coated compound fertilizer prepared in embodiment 2 and kaolin according to a mass ratio of 1:1:0.5 are mixed to obtain a special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising, and the special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising is added into the seedling trays in the step (1), and a sowing fertilizer amount is adjusted to 2.5 kg/standard tray; (3) watering seedling trays: after laying the bed soil, a watering section is entered, and a flow rate of the water valve is adjusted to 0.25 L/s to make the bed soil in a water saturation state; (4) seeding in seedling trays: the sowing amount of 130 g per tray is sowed; (5) covering seedling trays with soil: the soil is covered with a thickness of 2 mm per tray and then the seedling trays are sent to a germination accelerating chamber for germination; and (6) transplanting rice seedlings: the rice seedlings are transplanted by mechanical transplanting according to the amount of 26 rice seedlings every 667m2, and no fertilizer is applied in a later period.
Results: there is no seedling burning in a process of seedling raising.
Embodiment 4 industrialized rice seedling raising with one-time fertilization (nitrogen application rate of 15.1 kg/667m2) (1) Bed soil of seedling trays: the plastic hard trays (standard tray) with a specification of 280 mmx570 mmx26 mm are selected, and a soil discharge amount of a soil discharge valve is adjusted to a depth of each seedling tray of 13 mm; (2) fertilizer sowing in seedling trays: the vegetable oil-based coated urea prepared in embodiment 1, the vegetable oil-based coated compound fertilizer prepared in embodiment 2 and attapulgite according to a mass ratio of 1:1:0.6 are mixed to obtain a special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising, and the special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising is added into the seedling trays in the step (1), and the sowing fertilizer amount is adjusted to 2.6 kg/standard tray; (3) watering seedling trays: after laying the bed soil, the watering section is entered, and the flow rate of the water valve is adjusted to 0.25 L/s to make the bed soil in the water saturation state; (4) seeding in seedling trays: the sowing amount of 140 g per tray is sowed; (5) covering seedling trays with soil: the soil is covered with the thickness of 2 mm per tray; and then the seedling trays are sent to the germination accelerating chamber for germination; and (6) transplanting rice seedlings: the rice seedlings are transplanted by mechanical transplanting according to the amount of 25 rice seedlings every 667m2, and no fertilizer is applied in a later period.
Results: there is no seedling burning in the process of seedling raising.
Embodiment 5 industrialized rice seedling raising with one-time fertilization (nitrogen application rate of 14.5 kg/667m2) (1) Bed soil of seedling trays: the plastic hard trays (standard tray) with a specification of 280 mmx570 mmx26 mm are selected, and a soil discharge amount of a soil discharge valve is adjusted to a depth of each seedling tray of 12 mm; (2) fertilizer sowing in seedling trays: the vegetable oil-based coated urea prepared in embodiment 1, the vegetable oil-based coated compound fertilizer prepared in embodiment 2 and bentonite according to a mass ratio of 1:1:0.7 are mixed to obtain a special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising, and the special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising is added into the seedling trays in the step (1), and the sowing fertilizer amount is adjusted to 2.7 kg/standard tray; (3) watering seedling trays: after laying the bed soil, the watering section is entered, and the flow rate of the water valve is adjusted to 0.25 L/s to make the bed soil in the water saturation state; (4) seeding in seedling trays: the sowing amount of 160 g per tray is sowed; (5) covering seedling trays with soil: the soil is covered with the thickness of 2 mm per tray; and then the seedling trays are sent to the germination accelerating chamber for germination; and (6) transplanting rice seedlings: the rice seedlings are transplanted by mechanical transplanting according to the amount of 24 rice seedlings every 667m2, and no fertilizer is applied in a later period.
Results: There was no seedling burning in the process of seedling raising.
Embodiment 6 industrialized rice seedling raising with one-time fertilization (nitrogen application rate of 14 kg/667m2) Same as embodiment 3, the only difference is that in the step 2, the mass ratio of vegetable oil-based coated urea prepared in embodiment 1, vegetable oil-based coated compound fertilizer prepared in embodiment 2 and kaolin was adjusted from 1:1:0.5 to 0.9:1.1:0.5, and the fertilizer amount was adjusted to 2.32 kg/standard tray Results: there is no seedling burning in the process of seedling raising.
Embodiment 7 industrialized rice seedling raising with one-time fertilization (nitrogen application rate of 12 kg/667m2) Same as embodiment 3, the only difference is that in the step 2, the mass ratio of vegetable oil-based coated urea prepared in embodiment 1, vegetable oil-based coated compound fertilizer prepared in embodiment 2 and kaolin was adjusted from 1:1:0.5 to 0.80:1.20:0.5, and the fertilizer amount was adjusted to 2.10 kg/standard tray.
Results: there is no seedling burning in the process of seedling raising.
Comparative example 1 Same as embodiment 3, except that the step 2 is omitted. Comparative example 2 Same as embodiment 3, except that the special slow-release fertilizer used in the step (2) is composed of 30 parts of sulfur plus polymer coated urea, 28 parts of sulfur plus polymer coated compound fertilizer, 18 parts of 6% thermoplastic and thermosetting double-layer coated urea, 22 parts of humic acid coated compound fertilizer and 2 parts of zinc sulfate.
A preparation method of the special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising includes following steps: 1) preparation of sulfur plus polymer coated urea and sulfur plus polymer coated compound fertilizer: A, mixing 9 kg of phenolic epoxy resin and 1 kg of triethylenetetramine to prepare polymer coating agent; and B, weighing 100 kg of granular urea with a particle size of 2-3 mm and 100 kg of granular compound fertilizer with the particle size of 2-4 mm, and respectively coating a layer of sulfur according to the prior art, and a sulfur film material accounts for 20% of the mass of the nuclear fertilizer; and then coating a layer of the polymer coating agent, and the coating agent accounts for 3.0% of the mass of the nuclear fertilizer; and respectively preparing the sulfur plus polymer coated urea and sulfur plus polymer coated compound fertilizer; 2) preparation of 6% thermoplastic and thermosetting double-layer coated urea: a, dissolving 4.9 kg of recycled polyethylene resin in 70 kg of a mixed solvent of n-butyl acetate and amyl acetate with the mass ratio of 5:1, and adding 1.05 kg of a mixture of light calcium carbonate, potato starch and rubber powder to prepare a coating agent for thermoplastic resin inner layer film; b, mixing 2 kg of a mixed solution of epoxy resin E-44 and polyurethane PUR (mass ratio E-44/PUR = 95/5), 0.75 kg of triethylenetetramine and 1 kg of tributyl phosphate to prepare a coating agent of thermosetting resin outer film; and c, weighing 100 kg of large granular urea with the diameter of 2-3 mm, and coating the inner film coating agent prepared by the above a according to the prior art, in which the inner film material accounts for 4% of the mass of the core fertilizer; then, coating the outer film coating agent prepared by the above b, in which the outer film material accounts for 2% of the mass of the core fertilizer; 3) preparation of humic acid coated compound fertilizer: mixing 2 kg of epoxy resin and 0.3 kg of triethylenetetram ne evenly to prepare an adhesive for a later use; and taking 100 kg of compound fertilizer with the particle size of 2-3 mm, preheating the compound fertilizer to 65°C-70°C in the rotary drum, spraying 0.5 kg of the above binder onto the rotating fertilizer particles, and then spraying 2.67 kg of air-dried pulverized weathered coal; after curing, repeating the above process twice until the binder accounts for 1.5% of the mass of the core fertilizer and the weathered coal accounts for 8% of the mass of the core fertilizer; 4) taking sulfur plus polymer coated urea, sulfur plus polymer coated compound fertilizer, 6% thermoplastic and thermosetting double-layer coated urea, humic acid coated compound fertilizer and zinc sulfate according to the formula, putting all raw materials into the stirrer, stirring and mixing the raw materials evenly, and sending the mixed fertilizer into a metering and packaging machine for metering and packaging.
Experiment 1 Effect verification of the seedling-raising methods of experiment 6, experiment 7, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2.
Field trials were conducted from June 2019 to October 20, 2019. The test site was located in Sanye Village, Zhangdian Town, Jiangyan District, Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province. Test soil is high sandy soil, and basic physical and chemical properties of surface soil (0-20 cm) are: pH 6.26, EC 48.0 Rs/cm, organic matter 17.18 g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 126.78 mg/kg, available phosphorus 17.23 mg/kg and available potassium 53 mg/kg. The tested rice variety is Huaimai 5.
There are four treatments, three repetitions, a plot area is 40 m2, and a random block design is adopted. Specific treatment methods are as follows: OCK1 (seedling raising method of comparative example 1, no nitrogen fertilizer, 6 kg/667m2 of phosphorus pentoxide and 6 kg/667m2 of potassium oxide) OCK2 (seedling raising method of comparative example 1, conventional fertilization: the nitrogen application amount of 18 kg/667m2, including the nitrogen application amount of 9 kg/667m2 for basal fertilizer, 4.5 kg/667m2 for topdressing at tillering stage and 4.5 kg/667m2 for topdressing at jointing stage; 4 kg/667m2 of phosphorus pentoxide and 4 kg/667m2 of potassium oxide) OCK3 (seedling raising method of comparative example 2, no topdressing in the later stage).
20% nitrogen reduction (seedling raising method of embodiment 6, the nitrogen application amount of 14 kg/667m2, 4 kg/667m2 of phosphorus pentoxide, 4 kg/667m2 of potassium oxide, and no topdressing in the later stage) 30% nitrogen reduction (seedling raising method of embodiment 7, the nitrogen application amount of 12 kg/667m2, 4 kg/667m2 of phosphorus pentoxide, 4 kg/667m2 of potassium oxide, and no topdressing at the later stage) The yield was measured as an actual yield of all harvests in the plots. 6 holes of rice plants were evenly selected from each plot, and spike number per plant, grain number per spike, seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight were recorded through a seed test. Fresh weights, dry weights and nitrogen contents of the plants and rice grains were weighed. Total nitrogen was determined by Kjeldahl method. SP SS2I.0 software was used for a statistical analysis.
Nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate (%) = (nitrogen uptake in nitrogen application area-nitrogen uptake in no-nitrogen area)/nitrogen application rate/ 100 Results are shown in Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3.
Table 1 Effects of different treatments on rice yield and its components Treatment Yield Spike number Grain number Seed setting Thousand-grain (kg/667m2) every 667m2 per spike rate weight (ten thousand) (grain) (%) (g) CKI 328.63±14.37b 22.15±0.94b 75.22±2.85b 94.82±2.14a 27.83±0.97a CK2 562.04+22.50a 26.87±1.04a 87.13±4.50a 94.13+1.73a 26.74±0.36a CK3 546.61±18.45a 25.89±0.93 a 86.42±3.62a 96.58±1.64a 26.56±0.61a Nitrogen 563.72+24.19a 27.30+1.03a 87.15+3.76a 97.15±1.48a 26.54±0.55a reduction by 20% Nitrogen 557.03+28.47a 26.07+0.87a 85.54+3.90a 97.51+1.49a 27.04+1.32a reduction by 30% As may be seen from Table 1, a rice yield treated with 20% nitrogen reduction is the highest, increasing by 0.30% compared with CK2 treated with conventional fertilization and 3.11% compared with CK3, and is significantly higher than that of CK1 without nitrogen fertilizer (p<0.05), and the rice yield treated with 30% nitrogen reduction is reduced by 0.89% compared with CK2 treated with conventional fertilization, indicating that the amount of nitrogen reduction should not exceed 20%, otherwise the yield may be reduced.
Table 2 Effects of different treatments on economic benefits of rice Treatment Input Yield Product Output value every 667m2 (RMB) Benefit Output-input (RMB/667m2) (kg/667m2) price every ratio (RMB /kg) 667m2 (RMB) CK2 1030 562.04a 3 168612a 656.12a 0.64a CK3 1045 546.61a 3 1639.83 594.83a 0.57a Nitrogen 1015 563.72a 3 1691.16a 676.16a 0.66a reduction by 20% Nitrogen 990 557.03a 3 1671.09a 681.09a 0.68a reduction by 30% to The effects of different treatments on the economic benefits of rice are shown in Table 2. The input cost includes land rent, pesticide cost, fertilizer cost, machinery cost and labor input. Compared with CK2 treated with conventional fertilization, the input costs of the treatment with 20% nitrogen reduction and the treatment with 30% nitrogen reduction are lower; compared with CK2, the yield and the output value of the treatment with 20% nitrogen reduction are the highest, and the benefit every 667m2 is increased by 3.05%, the output-input ratio is increased by 3.13%, the per-mu benefit of the treatment with 30% nitrogen reduction is increased by 3.81%, and the output-input ratio is increased by 6.26%. Compared with CK3, the input costs of the treatment with 20% nitrogen reduction and the treatment with 30% nitrogen reduction are lower; compared with CK3, the benefit every 667m2 of the treatment with 20% nitrogen reduction is increased by 13.62%, the output-input ratio is increased by 15.78%, the benefit every 667m2 of the treatment with 30% nitrogen reduction is increased by 14.64%, and the output-input ratio is increased by 15.29%. Considering the yield and output value, 20% nitrogen reduction is the most reasonable, and 30% nitrogen reduction is the most reasonable from a perspective of per-mu benefit and the output-input ratio.
Table 3 Effects of different treatments on nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of rice Treatment Nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate (%)
CKI
CK2 37.54+1.26b CK3 36.48±1.54b Nitrogen reduction by 20% 45.37+2.48a Nitrogen reduction by 30% 47.65±2.37a It may be seen from Table 3 that the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of the treatment with 20% nitrogen reduction is 45.37%, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of the treatment with 30% nitrogen reduction is 47.65%, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of CK2 treatment with conventional fertilization is 37.54%, and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of CK3 treatment is 36.48%; the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rates of the treatment with 20% nitrogen reduction and the treatment with 30% nitrogen reduction are significantly higher than that of CK2 treatment with conventional fertilization (p<0.05), increased by 20.85% and 26.93% respectively, and also significantly higher than that of CK3 (p<0.05), indicating that the treatment with 20% nitrogen reduction and the treatment with 30% nitrogen reduction could increase the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of rice.
Through the above analysis, it may be concluded that, compared with CK1 conventional seedling raising (seedling raising method of comparative example 1), CK2 conventional fertilization (seedling raising method of comparative example I) and CK3 (sulfur-coated slow-release fertilizer), an industrialized rice seedling raising method with one-time fertilization may reduce a fertilizer consumption, increase the benefit every 667m2 and the output-input ratio, and increase the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate under a condition of stable production and guaranteed yield. The above-mentioned embodiments only describe preferred modes of the application, but do not limit the scope of the application. On a premise of not departing from a design spirit of the application, all kinds of modifications and improvements made by ordinary technicians in the field to the technical scheme of the application shall fall within the scope of protection determined by claims of the application.
Claims (10)
- Claims 1. A special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising, comprising raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of vegetable oil-based coated urea, 40-50 parts of vegetable oil-based coated compound fertilizer and 20-35 parts of clay.
- 2. The special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising according to claim 1, wherein a preparation method of the vegetable oil-based coated urea comprises following steps: preheating urea to 55-65°C; mixing plant seed germ oil with sorbitan dioctyl acid for a modification reaction, and then adding catalyst and uniformly mixing to obtain a component A; and spraying the component A and a curing agent simultaneously on preheated urea particles at a same spraying speed for a coating treatment, and obtaining the vegetable oil-based coated urea.
- 3. The special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising according to claim 2, wherein the catalyst is tin palmitate or zinc chloride; the curing agent is isocyanate; and a temperature of the modification reaction is 60-70°C, and a duration is 45-55 minutes.
- 4. The special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising according to claim 1, wherein a preparation method of the vegetable oil-based coated compound fertilizer comprises following steps: preheating the compound fertilizer to 55-65°C; mixing plant seed germ oil with sorbitan dioctyl acid for the modification reaction, and then adding the catalyst and uniformly mixing to obtain a component A; and spraying the component A and a curing agent simultaneously on preheated urea particles at a same spraying speed for the coating treatment, and obtaining the vegetable oil-based coated compound fertilizer.
- 5. The special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising according to claim 4, wherein the catalyst is tin palmitate or zinc chloride; the curing agent is isocyanate; and the temperature of the modification reaction is 60-70°C, and the duration is 45-55 minutes.
- 6. The special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising according to claim I, wherein the clay is one or more of kaolin, attapulgite and bentonite.
- 7. A preparation method of the special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising according to claim 1, comprising following steps: uniformly mixing the vegetable oil-based coated urea, the vegetable oil-based coated compound fertilizer and the clay according to parts by weight.
- 8. An application of the special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising according to claim 1 in rice seedling raising.
- 9. An industrialized rice seedling raising method with one-time fertilization, comprising following steps: adding the special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising according to claim 1 into culture soil of a rice seedling raising tray in a process of industrialized rice seedling raising.
- 10. The industrialized rice seedling raising method with one-time fertilization according to claim 9, wherein an addition amount of the special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising is 1.9-2.7 kg/standard seedling tray.
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