CN112266302A - Controlled release fertilizer and application thereof in rice cultivation - Google Patents
Controlled release fertilizer and application thereof in rice cultivation Download PDFInfo
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- CN112266302A CN112266302A CN202011193882.XA CN202011193882A CN112266302A CN 112266302 A CN112266302 A CN 112266302A CN 202011193882 A CN202011193882 A CN 202011193882A CN 112266302 A CN112266302 A CN 112266302A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a controlled release fertilizer and application thereof in rice cultivation, belonging to the field of agricultural production. The invention provides a controlled release fertilizer, which comprises a core material, an inner wrapping film and an outer wrapping film; the core material is fertilizer particles; the inner envelope is hydrogel; the outer wrapping film is modified epoxy resin; the modified epoxy resin is obtained by mixing epoxy resin, epoxy modified silicone oil and a curing agent; the controlled release fertilizer is characterized in that hydrogel and modified epoxy resin are sequentially coated outside the fertilizer, the hydrogel is arranged to prevent the fertilizer from being rapidly leaked due to cracking of an outer coating of the epoxy resin of the controlled release fertilizer, the epoxy resin modified by epoxy modified silicone oil is used as the outer coating, and the flexibility of the epoxy resin is greatly improved due to the modification of the epoxy modified silicone oil, so that the modified epoxy resin is not easy to crack under the irradiation of sunlight when used as the outer coating.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a controlled release fertilizer and application thereof in rice cultivation, belonging to the technical field of agricultural production.
Background
The controlled release fertilizer is a high-grade form of the controlled release fertilizer, mainly controls the release of nutrients by a coating technology, achieves the aims of safety, long-acting effect, high efficiency and the like, is the main direction of the development of modern fertilizers, is suitable for mechanized production, and particularly meets the requirements of simultaneous sowing of seed fertilizers and the like.
The resin-coated controlled release fertilizer is a common controlled release fertilizer, and can be divided into two categories, namely thermoplastic resin-coated controlled release fertilizer and thermosetting resin-coated controlled release fertilizer, according to the properties of film materials. The thermoplastic resin coated controlled release fertilizer is mainly prepared by firstly dissolving a coating resin by using a solvent and then spraying the dissolved coating resin on fertilizer particles; the thermosetting resin coated controlled release fertilizer is mainly obtained by spraying resin and a curing agent on fertilizer particles.
The resin-coated controlled release fertilizer has a good nutrient release function, but the production cost of the resin-coated controlled release fertilizer is high due to the high price of the resin, so that the resin-coated controlled release fertilizer is difficult to popularize and use in agriculture in a large area. Moreover, the biodegradability of the resin coating is not very good, which is contrary to the concept of green environmental protection in modern agriculture. In addition, the resin coating is easy to crack under the irradiation of sunlight, which can cause the fertilizer coated with the resin to leak quickly, and the effect of controlled release cannot be achieved.
Therefore, a controlled release fertilizer with low cost, good biodegradability and good controlled release effect is urgently needed to be found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a controlled release fertilizer which is low in cost, good in biodegradability and good in controlled release effect.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a controlled release fertilizer, which comprises a core material, an inner wrapping film and an outer wrapping film; the core material is fertilizer particles; the inner envelope is hydrogel; the outer wrapping film is modified epoxy resin; the modified epoxy resin is obtained by mixing epoxy resin, epoxy modified silicone oil and a curing agent.
Optionally, the fertilizer particles are urea particles, ammonium bicarbonate particles, ammonium nitrate particles, ammonium sulfate particles, diammonium hydrogen phosphate particles, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate particles, potassium chloride particles, potassium sulfate particles, potassium nitrate particles, or composite fertilizer particles obtained by compounding one or more of urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate or potassium nitrate.
Optionally, the hydrogel comprises starch, acrylic acid, acrylamide, ammonium persulfate, calcium carbonate, sodium hydroxide and water.
Optionally, the mass of the starch, the acrylic acid, the acrylamide, the ammonium persulfate, the calcium carbonate and the sodium hydroxide respectively accounts for 4.5-5%, 21-22.5%, 9-9.5%, 3-4.5%, 4.5-5% and 9.5-10% of the total mass of the hydrogel, and the balance is water.
Optionally, the curing agent is one or more of ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, hexamethylenediamine, polyethylene polyamine, and T31.
Optionally, the mass of the epoxy resin, the epoxy modified silicone oil and the curing agent respectively accounts for 60-70%, 10-20% and 15-25% of the mass of the outer coating.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the controlled release fertilizer, which comprises the steps of adding acrylic acid into a sodium hydroxide solution to obtain a mixed solution A; adding starch, acrylamide and calcium carbonate into the mixed solution A to obtain mixed solution B; adding ammonium persulfate into the mixed solution B, and reacting at 50-55 ℃ for 1.5-3 h to obtain a reaction solution; preheating the fertilizer particles to 80-120 ℃, and spraying the reaction liquid on the surfaces of the fertilizer particles to obtain the fertilizer particles sprayed with the reaction liquid; drying the fertilizer granules sprayed with the reaction liquid to obtain fertilizer granules wrapped with the inner wrapping film; soaking the fertilizer granules wrapped with the inner wrapping film into water until the inner wrapping film is swelled to be balanced to obtain fertilizer granules wrapped with the swelled inner wrapping film; mixing epoxy resin, epoxy modified silicone oil and a curing agent to obtain a mixed solution C; preheating the fertilizer granules wrapped with the swelling inner wrapping films to 60-90 ℃, and spraying the mixed solution C onto the surfaces of the fertilizer granules wrapped with the swelling inner wrapping films to obtain the fertilizer granules sprayed with the mixed solution C; and standing the fertilizer granules sprayed with the mixed solution C until the mixed solution C is solidified into a film to obtain the controlled release fertilizer.
Optionally, the fertilizer particles are urea particles, ammonium bicarbonate particles, ammonium nitrate particles, ammonium sulfate particles, diammonium hydrogen phosphate particles, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate particles, potassium chloride particles, potassium sulfate particles, potassium nitrate particles, or composite fertilizer particles obtained by compounding one or more of urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate or potassium nitrate.
Optionally, the hydrogel comprises starch, acrylic acid, acrylamide, ammonium persulfate, calcium carbonate, sodium hydroxide and water.
Optionally, the mass of the starch, the acrylic acid, the acrylamide, the ammonium persulfate, the calcium carbonate and the sodium hydroxide respectively accounts for 4.5-5%, 21-22.5%, 9-9.5%, 3-4.5%, 4.5-5% and 9.5-10% of the total mass of the reaction solution.
Optionally, the curing agent is one or more of ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, hexamethylenediamine, polyethylene polyamine, and T31.
Optionally, the mass of the epoxy resin, the epoxy modified silicone oil and the curing agent respectively accounts for 60-70%, 10-20% and 15-25% of the mass of the mixed solution C.
The invention also provides a method for cultivating rice, which uses the controlled-release fertilizer in the process of cultivating rice.
Optionally, the method includes the following steps:
s1: mechanical crushing and returning to the field: harvesting wheat by using a wheat combine harvester, simultaneously, cutting the wheat straws into 1-5 cm in length by using a straw cutting device carried by the harvester, and throwing the wheat straws to the field surface;
s2: mechanized rotary tillage soil preparation: irrigating 5-6 cm of field surface, soaking the field for 2-3 d, finishing grass burying and soil preparation by a wheat straw rotary cultivator matched with a tractor by adopting transverse and vertical side operation at one time, wherein the buried depth of returning wheat straws to the field is 5-10 cm, and the depth of rotary tillage and soil preparation is 10-20 cm;
s3: mechanical transplanting and fertilizing: selecting seedlings which are subjected to soft-disk seedling raising according to the standard of machine-transplanted seedling, and when the seedlings grow to 1-2 tillers and 1 heart, using a synchronous rice seedling transplanting and fertilizing machine to complete seedling transplanting and fertilizing at one time, wherein the row spacing is controlled to be 20-30 cm, the plant spacing is controlled to be 14-17 cm, the seedling transplanting depth is 2-4 cm, the planting density is 1.3-1.5 ten thousand holes/mu, and the controlled-release fertilizer is used during fertilizing, and the fertilizing amount is 40-60 kg/mu;
s4: quantitative irrigation: after transplanting, irrigating a 2.5-3.5 cm shallow water layer in the field to protect seedlings, draining water and exposing the field to oxygen for 3d after transplanting, promoting the seedlings to root, irrigating a 3cm water layer 6-7 d after transplanting, keeping the water layer in 5-6 d, replenishing water in time when water is deficient, then timely drying, settling the field, ventilating and promoting the roots, keeping the 1-2 cm shallow water layer from the young ear differentiation period to the flowering period, keeping alternation of dryness and humidity during grouting, namely 3-5 cm water per time, irrigating water with the same depth 2-3 d after natural dryness, laying the field in times when the number of seedlings reaches 15.2-20 ten thousand ears per mu, keeping the surface of the field moist, and cutting off the water 7d before harvesting.
The invention also provides the application of the controlled release fertilizer or the method in rice cultivation.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a controlled release fertilizer, which comprises a core material, an inner wrapping film and an outer wrapping film; the core material is fertilizer particles; the inner envelope is hydrogel; the outer wrapping film is modified epoxy resin; the modified epoxy resin is obtained by mixing epoxy resin, epoxy modified silicone oil and a curing agent; the controlled release fertilizer is characterized in that hydrogel (an inner wrapping film) and modified epoxy resin (an outer wrapping film) are sequentially wrapped outside the fertilizer, the hydrogel can prevent the fertilizer from being rapidly leaked due to cracking of the outer wrapping film of the controlled release fertilizer epoxy resin, the epoxy resin modified by epoxy modified silicone oil is used as the outer wrapping film, and the flexibility of the epoxy resin is greatly improved due to the modification of the epoxy modified silicone oil, so that the modified epoxy resin is not easy to crack under the irradiation of sunlight when used as the outer wrapping film, and in sum, the controlled release fertilizer has a good nutrient release function due to the matched use of the hydrogel and the modified epoxy resin; furthermore, the biodegradability of the epoxy resin can be improved by using epoxy modified silicone oil to modify epoxy, the good biodegradability of the resin coating is improved, the raw materials of the starch-based hydrogel and the modified epoxy resin are low in cost, and the cost of the controlled release fertilizer is reduced; furthermore, the nutrient release period of the controlled release fertilizer can be accurately controlled within 1-12 months by adjusting the thickness of the inner wrapping film and the outer wrapping film.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further understand the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention, but to provide the best mode, not to limit the content and the protection scope of the present invention, and any product similar or similar to the present invention, which is obtained by combining the present invention with other prior art features, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
The examples do not show the specific experimental steps or conditions, and can be performed according to the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in the field. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by manufacturers, and are all conventional reagent products which can be obtained commercially.
Urea granules and corn starch referred to in the examples below were purchased from acribaba; acrylic acid, sodium hydroxide, acrylamide, calcium carbonate, ammonium persulfate, and diethylenetriamine, referred to in the following examples, were purchased from Shanghai Allan Biotech Co., Ltd; the epoxy resins (E-44) referred to in the following examples were purchased from Kyoto; the epoxy-modified silicone oils referred to in the following examples were purchased from Aiyuta Silicone Ltd, Anhui.
The detection methods referred to in the following examples are as follows:
and (3) determination of nutrient release rate: refer to the chemical industry standard HG/T4215-2011 of the people's republic of China.
Example 1: preparation of fertilizers
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) adding sodium hydroxide into water to obtain a sodium hydroxide solution; adding acrylic acid into a sodium hydroxide solution to obtain a mixed solution A; adding corn starch, acrylamide and calcium carbonate into the mixed solution A to obtain mixed solution B; adding ammonium persulfate into the mixed solution B, and reacting at 50 ℃ for 2h to obtain a reaction solution; the mass of the corn starch, the acrylic acid, the acrylamide, the ammonium persulfate, the calcium carbonate, the sodium hydroxide and the water respectively accounts for 4.5 percent, 22.5 percent, 9.5 percent, 4.5 percent, 9.5 percent and 45 percent of the total mass of the reaction liquid;
(2) preheating fertilizer particles (urea particles in the embodiment) with the particle size of 5mm to 90 ℃, and spraying the reaction liquid prepared in the step (1) on the surface of the urea particles to obtain the urea particles sprayed with the reaction liquid; drying the urea particles sprayed with the reaction liquid to obtain urea particles coated with the inner coating; soaking the urea granules wrapped with the inner wrapping film into water until the inner wrapping film is swelled to be balanced to obtain urea granules wrapped with the swelled inner wrapping film; the mass of the inner wrapping film accounts for 3 percent of the mass of the urea granules wrapped by the inner wrapping film;
(3) mixing epoxy resin, epoxy modified silicone oil and a curing agent to obtain a mixed solution C; the mass of the epoxy resin, the epoxy modified silicone oil and the curing agent respectively accounts for 60 percent, 20 percent and 20 percent of the mass of the mixed solution C;
(4) preheating the urea particles coated with the swelling inner coating film to 80 ℃, and spraying the mixed liquid C prepared in the step (3) onto the surface of the urea particles coated with the swelling inner coating film to obtain urea particles coated with the mixed liquid C; standing the urea particles sprayed with the mixed solution C until the mixed solution C is solidified into a film to obtain a controlled release fertilizer; the mass of the outer coating film accounts for 1 percent of the mass of the controlled release fertilizer.
The nutrient release rate of the controlled release fertilizer was measured and the results are shown in table 1.
As can be seen from Table 1, the controlled release fertilizer has a good nutrient release function.
TABLE 1 nutrient release rate of controlled release fertilizers at different release days
| Days of Release | 5d | 10d | 20d | 30d | 40d | 50d | 60d |
| Nutrient release rate (%) | 6.5 | 15.6 | 37.1 | 54.7 | 63.3 | 77.9 | 94.2 |
Example 2: preparation of fertilizers
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) adding sodium hydroxide into water to obtain a sodium hydroxide solution; adding acrylic acid into a sodium hydroxide solution to obtain a mixed solution A; adding corn starch, acrylamide and calcium carbonate into the mixed solution A to obtain mixed solution B; adding ammonium persulfate into the mixed solution B, and reacting at 50 ℃ for 2h to obtain a reaction solution; the mass of the corn starch, the acrylic acid, the acrylamide, the ammonium persulfate, the calcium carbonate, the sodium hydroxide and the water respectively accounts for 4.5 percent, 22.5 percent, 9.5 percent, 4.5 percent, 9.5 percent and 45 percent of the total mass of the reaction liquid;
(2) preheating fertilizer particles (urea particles in the embodiment) with the particle size of 5mm to 90 ℃, and spraying the reaction liquid prepared in the step (1) on the surface of the urea particles to obtain the urea particles sprayed with the reaction liquid; drying the urea particles sprayed with the reaction liquid to obtain urea particles coated with the inner coating; soaking the urea granules wrapped with the inner wrapping film into water until the inner wrapping film is swelled to be balanced to obtain urea granules wrapped with the swelled inner wrapping film; the mass of the inner wrapping film accounts for 5 percent of the mass of the urea particles wrapped by the inner wrapping film;
(3) mixing epoxy resin, epoxy modified silicone oil and a curing agent to obtain a mixed solution C; the mass of the epoxy resin, the epoxy modified silicone oil and the curing agent respectively accounts for 60 percent, 20 percent and 20 percent of the mass of the mixed solution C;
(4) preheating the urea particles coated with the swelling inner coating film to 80 ℃, and spraying the mixed liquid C prepared in the step (3) onto the surface of the urea particles coated with the swelling inner coating film to obtain urea particles coated with the mixed liquid C; standing the urea particles sprayed with the mixed solution C until the mixed solution C is solidified into a film to obtain a controlled release fertilizer; the mass of the outer coating film accounts for 1 percent of the mass of the controlled release fertilizer.
The nutrient release rate of the controlled release fertilizer was measured and the results are shown in table 2.
As can be seen from Table 2, the controlled release fertilizer has a good nutrient release function.
TABLE 2 nutrient release rates of controlled release fertilizers at different release days
| Days of Release | 5d | 15d | 30d | 45d | 60d | 75d | 90d |
| Nutrient release rate (%) | 4.3 | 15.2 | 32.3 | 47.5 | 64.9 | 81.7 | 97.4 |
Example 3: preparation of fertilizers
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) adding sodium hydroxide into water to obtain a sodium hydroxide solution; adding acrylic acid into a sodium hydroxide solution to obtain a mixed solution A; adding corn starch, acrylamide and calcium carbonate into the mixed solution A to obtain mixed solution B; adding ammonium persulfate into the mixed solution B, and reacting at 50 ℃ for 2h to obtain a reaction solution; the mass of the corn starch, the acrylic acid, the acrylamide, the ammonium persulfate, the calcium carbonate, the sodium hydroxide and the water respectively accounts for 4.5 percent, 22.5 percent, 9.5 percent, 4.5 percent, 9.5 percent and 45 percent of the total mass of the reaction liquid;
(2) preheating fertilizer particles (urea particles in the embodiment) with the particle size of 5mm to 90 ℃, and spraying the reaction liquid prepared in the step (1) on the surface of the urea particles to obtain the urea particles sprayed with the reaction liquid; drying the urea particles sprayed with the reaction liquid to obtain urea particles coated with the inner coating; soaking the urea granules wrapped with the inner wrapping film into water until the inner wrapping film is swelled to be balanced to obtain urea granules wrapped with the swelled inner wrapping film; the mass of the inner wrapping film accounts for 5 percent of the mass of the urea particles wrapped by the inner wrapping film;
(3) mixing epoxy resin, epoxy modified silicone oil and a curing agent to obtain a mixed solution C; the mass of the epoxy resin, the epoxy modified silicone oil and the curing agent respectively accounts for 60 percent, 20 percent and 20 percent of the mass of the mixed solution C;
(4) preheating the urea particles coated with the swelling inner coating film to 80 ℃, and spraying the mixed liquid C prepared in the step (3) onto the surface of the urea particles coated with the swelling inner coating film to obtain urea particles coated with the mixed liquid C; standing the urea particles sprayed with the mixed solution C until the mixed solution C is solidified into a film to obtain a controlled release fertilizer; the mass of the outer coating film accounts for 3 percent of the mass of the controlled release fertilizer.
The nutrient release rate of the controlled release fertilizer was measured and the results are shown in table 3.
As can be seen from Table 3, the controlled release fertilizer has a good nutrient release function.
TABLE 3 nutrient release rates of controlled release fertilizers at different release days
| Days of Release | 15d | 30d | 45d | 60d | 75d | 90d | 105d | 120d |
| Nutrient release rate (%) | 12.5 | 26.7 | 38.4 | 50.1 | 62.7 | 74.4 | 85.9 | 93.6 |
Example 4: preparation of fertilizers
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) adding sodium hydroxide into water to obtain a sodium hydroxide solution; adding acrylic acid into a sodium hydroxide solution to obtain a mixed solution A; adding corn starch, acrylamide and calcium carbonate into the mixed solution A to obtain mixed solution B; adding ammonium persulfate into the mixed solution B, and reacting at 50 ℃ for 2h to obtain a reaction solution; the mass of the corn starch, the acrylic acid, the acrylamide, the ammonium persulfate, the calcium carbonate, the sodium hydroxide and the water respectively accounts for 4.5 percent, 22.5 percent, 9.5 percent, 4.5 percent, 9.5 percent and 45 percent of the total mass of the reaction liquid;
(2) preheating fertilizer particles (urea particles in the embodiment) with the particle size of 5mm to 90 ℃, and spraying the reaction liquid prepared in the step (1) on the surface of the urea particles to obtain the urea particles sprayed with the reaction liquid; drying the urea particles sprayed with the reaction liquid to obtain urea particles coated with the inner coating; soaking the urea granules wrapped with the inner wrapping film into water until the inner wrapping film is swelled to be balanced to obtain urea granules wrapped with the swelled inner wrapping film; the mass of the inner wrapping film accounts for 1 percent of the mass of the urea particles wrapped by the inner wrapping film;
(3) mixing epoxy resin, epoxy modified silicone oil and a curing agent to obtain a mixed solution C; the mass of the epoxy resin, the epoxy modified silicone oil and the curing agent respectively accounts for 60 percent, 20 percent and 20 percent of the mass of the mixed solution C;
(4) preheating the urea particles coated with the swelling inner coating film to 80 ℃, and spraying the mixed liquid C prepared in the step (3) onto the surface of the urea particles coated with the swelling inner coating film to obtain urea particles coated with the mixed liquid C; standing the urea particles sprayed with the mixed solution C until the mixed solution C is solidified into a film to obtain a controlled release fertilizer; the mass of the outer coating film accounts for 1 percent of the mass of the controlled release fertilizer.
The nutrient release rate of the controlled release fertilizer was measured and the results are shown in table 4.
As can be seen from Table 4, the controlled release fertilizer exhibited a good nutrient release profile.
TABLE 4 nutrient release rates of controlled release fertilizers at different release days
| Days of Release | 5d | 10d | 15d | 20d | 25d | 30d | 35d | 40d |
| Rate of nutrient release(％) | 11.3 | 23.1 | 34.8 | 44.9 | 56.4 | 67.9 | 80.3 | 90.2 |
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A controlled release fertilizer, comprising a core material, an inner coating film and an outer coating film; the core material is fertilizer particles; the inner envelope is hydrogel; the outer wrapping film is modified epoxy resin; the modified epoxy resin is obtained by mixing epoxy resin, epoxy modified silicone oil and a curing agent.
2. A controlled release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 wherein the fertilizer granules are urea granules, ammonium bicarbonate granules, ammonium nitrate granules, ammonium sulfate granules, diammonium hydrogen phosphate granules, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate granules, potassium chloride granules, potassium sulfate granules, potassium nitrate granules, or composite fertilizer granules prepared by compounding one or more of urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate or potassium nitrate.
3. A controlled release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the ingredients of the hydrogel comprise starch, acrylic acid, acrylamide, ammonium persulphate, calcium carbonate, sodium hydroxide and water.
4. A controlled release fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the starch, acrylic acid, acrylamide, ammonium persulfate, calcium carbonate and sodium hydroxide are present in amounts of 4.5 to 5%, 21 to 22.5%, 9 to 9.5%, 3 to 4.5%, 4.5 to 5% and 9.5 to 10% by weight, respectively, based on the total weight of the hydrogel, with the balance being water.
5. The controlled release fertilizer of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the curing agent is one or more of ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, hexamethylenediamine, polyethylenepolyamine, or T31.
6. A controlled release fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the epoxy resin, epoxy modified silicone oil and curing agent are present in an amount of from 60 to 70%, from 10 to 20% and from 15 to 25% by mass of the outer coating, respectively.
7. A method for preparing a controlled release fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that acrylic acid is added to a sodium hydroxide solution to obtain a mixed solution A; adding starch, acrylamide and calcium carbonate into the mixed solution A to obtain mixed solution B; adding ammonium persulfate into the mixed solution B, and reacting at 50-55 ℃ for 1.5-3 h to obtain a reaction solution; preheating the fertilizer particles to 80-120 ℃, and spraying the reaction liquid on the surfaces of the fertilizer particles to obtain the fertilizer particles sprayed with the reaction liquid; drying the fertilizer granules sprayed with the reaction liquid to obtain fertilizer granules wrapped with the inner wrapping film; soaking the fertilizer granules wrapped with the inner wrapping film into water until the inner wrapping film is swelled to be balanced to obtain fertilizer granules wrapped with the swelled inner wrapping film; mixing epoxy resin, epoxy modified silicone oil and a curing agent to obtain a mixed solution C; preheating the fertilizer granules wrapped with the swelling inner wrapping films to 60-90 ℃, and spraying the mixed solution C onto the surfaces of the fertilizer granules wrapped with the swelling inner wrapping films to obtain the fertilizer granules sprayed with the mixed solution C; and standing the fertilizer granules sprayed with the mixed solution C until the mixed solution C is solidified into a film to obtain the controlled release fertilizer.
8. A method for cultivating rice, which comprises applying the controlled-release fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6 to rice during the cultivation of rice.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
s1: mechanical crushing and returning to the field: harvesting wheat by using a wheat combine harvester, simultaneously, cutting the wheat straws into 1-5 cm in length by using a straw cutting device carried by the harvester, and throwing the wheat straws to the field surface;
s2: mechanized rotary tillage soil preparation: irrigating 5-6 cm of field surface, soaking the field for 2-3 d, finishing grass burying and soil preparation by a wheat straw rotary cultivator matched with a tractor by adopting transverse and vertical side operation at one time, wherein the buried depth of returning wheat straws to the field is 5-10 cm, and the depth of rotary tillage and soil preparation is 10-20 cm;
s3: mechanical transplanting and fertilizing: selecting seedlings raised by a floppy disk according to the standard of machine-transplanted seedling, and when the seedlings grow to 1-2 tillers and 1 heart, completing seedling transplanting and fertilizing at one time by using a synchronous rice seedling transplanting fertilizer applicator, wherein the row spacing is controlled to be 20-30 cm, the plant spacing is controlled to be 14-17 cm, the seedling transplanting depth is controlled to be 2-4 cm, the planting density is controlled to be 1.3-1.5 ten thousand holes/mu, and the controlled release fertilizer is used during fertilizing, and the fertilizing amount is 40-60 kg/mu;
s4: quantitative irrigation: after transplanting, irrigating a 2.5-3.5 cm shallow water layer in the field to protect seedlings, draining water and exposing the field to oxygen for 3d after transplanting, promoting the seedlings to root, irrigating a 3cm water layer 6-7 d after transplanting, keeping the water layer in 5-6 d, replenishing water in time when water is deficient, then timely drying, settling the field, ventilating and promoting the roots, keeping the 1-2 cm shallow water layer from the young ear differentiation period to the flowering period, keeping alternation of dryness and humidity during grouting, namely 3-5 cm water per time, irrigating water with the same depth 2-3 d after natural dryness, laying the field in times when the number of seedlings reaches 15.2-20 ten thousand ears per mu, keeping the surface of the field moist, and cutting off the water 7d before harvesting.
10. Use of the controlled release fertilizer of any one of claims 1-6 or the method of claim 8 or 9 for growing rice.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011193882.XA CN112266302A (en) | 2020-10-30 | 2020-10-30 | Controlled release fertilizer and application thereof in rice cultivation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011193882.XA CN112266302A (en) | 2020-10-30 | 2020-10-30 | Controlled release fertilizer and application thereof in rice cultivation |
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| WO2023115323A1 (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2023-06-29 | 江苏省农业科学院 | One-step fertilization and industrial seedling raising method for rice |
| GB2616332A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2023-09-06 | Jiangsu Acad Agricultural Sci | One-step fertilization and industrial seedling raising method for rice |
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| GB2616332A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2023-09-06 | Jiangsu Acad Agricultural Sci | One-step fertilization and industrial seedling raising method for rice |
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