CN111149460B - Method for improving desertified land by combining biochemical material with cash crop planting - Google Patents
Method for improving desertified land by combining biochemical material with cash crop planting Download PDFInfo
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- CN111149460B CN111149460B CN202010049357.4A CN202010049357A CN111149460B CN 111149460 B CN111149460 B CN 111149460B CN 202010049357 A CN202010049357 A CN 202010049357A CN 111149460 B CN111149460 B CN 111149460B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving desertification land by combining biochemical materials with cash crop planting, which comprises the following steps of (1) preparing biochemical land improving materials: uniformly mixing the mixed soil, the modified cellulose, the plant straw powder and the decomposed animal manure to obtain a desertification land improvement material; (2) planting of commercial crops: firstly, fertilizer is scattered on the surface of the desertification land, then the prepared desertification land improvement material is paved on the ground, and the seeds of the economic crops are sown and irrigated after rotary tillage by a rotary cultivator, so that the soil is kept moist to ensure the germination, seedling emergence and growth of the seeds. After the invention is implemented in Lanzhou, spring, Zhangye, Dunhuang, Xinjiang Hami and other places in Gansu province, the invention can effectively prevent the water and fertilizer from leaking, obviously reduce the watering and fertilizing times and dosage, improve the utilization rate of the water and fertilizer by 25 to 52 percent, obviously increase the organic matters and the species and the quantity of microorganisms in the soil and obviously improve the ecological function of the soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for improving desertified land, in particular to a method for improving desertified land by combining biochemical materials with cash crop planting, belonging to the field of water and soil conservation and the field of agricultural planting.
Background
The definition of desertification is proposed by the "convention for desertification" (UNCCD): land degradation in fragile environments (arid, semi-arid and sub-humid arid regions) is caused primarily by excessive human activity and climate change. The cause of soil erosion degradation is the interaction between fluid (e.g., wind or water) drag and the shear resistance between soil particles. And water erosion caused soil erosion is the largest source of soil erosion worldwide. Desertification is the most severe environmental and socioeconomic problem worldwide, mainly threatening sustainable development of agriculture and economy, wherein desertification is the main type of desertification, and thus the prevention and treatment of land desertification is of great importance. In the process of controlling desertification, three main control modes of biology, engineering and chemistry are gradually formed. However, the engineering method has many limitations in cost, timeliness, construction and the like, and the chemical method using the polymer material has the advantages of simple construction, low cost, quick effect and the like. Therefore, by combining chemical and biological means, the method not only can rapidly improve desertification land, but also can create good water and soil conditions for plant growth, and has great and profound practical significance for desertification land treatment, crop planting and ecological environment improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving desertification land by combining biochemical materials with cash crop planting, which can effectively prevent water and fertilizer leakage, improve the utilization rate of water and fertilizer of the land, and improve the types and the quantity of soil organic matters and microorganisms, thereby improving the ecological function of the soil.
(1) Preparation of biochemical land improvement material
And uniformly mixing the mixed soil, the modified cellulose, the plant straw powder and the decomposed animal manure to obtain the desertification land improvement material.
The preparation of the modified cellulose is carried out by reacting cellulose with a compound containing multiple hydrophilic groups at 70-140 ℃ for 2.5-12 time under the catalysis of concentrated sulfuric acid; wherein the cellulose is at least one of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methylcellulose and ethyl cellulose; the compound containing multiple hydrophilic groups is a multi-hydroxyl compound (such as ethylene glycol, glycerol and polyethylene glycol) or a multi-carboxyl compound (such as oxalic acid, citric acid, malic acid, humic acid and amino acid), and the molar ratio of the cellulose to the compound containing multiple hydrophilic groups is within the range of 1: 1-1: 8; the dosage of the concentrated sulfuric acid is 2-10% of the mass of the cellulose.
The reaction equation for cellulose and polyhydroxy compounds is as follows:
the reaction equation for cellulose and polycarboxy compounds is as follows:
the cellulose is used as a natural polymer material and reacts with a compound containing a plurality of hydrophilic groups, and the generated modified cellulose has strong cohesive action, can prevent water and soil loss, better inhibit the water evaporation performance of soil, and has the effects of water retention, fertilizer retention, yield increase and the like. The dosage of the modified cellulose is 0.05-2 wt% of the mass of the mixed soil. In addition, the cellulose has the advantages of wide source, reproducibility, biodegradability, no toxicity, no harm and the like, and avoids secondary pollution to soil.
The mixed soil is a mixture of clay (laterite, montmorillonite, kaolin and attapulgite clay) and loess, and the mass ratio of the clay to the loess is 1: 1-1: 5. The mixed soil is used for increasing various trace elements and mineral substances required by the growth of plants for the sand.
The main function of the plant straw powder is to introduce microorganisms and promote the propagation of the microorganisms. The plant straw is one of wheat straw, corn straw, cotton straw and sorghum straw, and the amount of the plant straw powder is 3-15 wt% of the mass of the mixed soil.
The animal wastes are decomposed quickly in a high-temperature anaerobic environment at the temperature of 60-70 ℃, so that the animal wastes are easy to absorb by plants, and most of harmful insect eggs and weed seeds die. The main effect of the decomposed animal waste is to increase the content of organic matter and N, P elements in the soil. The amount of the decomposed animal wastes is 5-25 wt% of the mass of the mixed soil.
The mixed soil, the plant straw powder and the decomposed animal wastes not only can reduce the production cost of the sand improvement material, but also can provide necessary nutrient substances for plant growth.
(2) Planting of commercial crops
Firstly, fertilizer is scattered on the surface of the desertification land, then the prepared desertification land improvement material is paved on the ground, the seeds of economic crops are sown after rotary tillage by a rotary cultivator, irrigation is carried out, the soil is kept moist to ensure the germination, the emergence and the growth of the seeds, and the potassium fulvate is used at different periods according to different plant species. The potassium fulvate has the advantages of reducing crop transpiration, promoting root system development, improving crop drought resistance and disease resistance and the like.
The cash crop may be at least one of a legume nitrogen fixation plant, a non-legume nitrogen fixation plant, a shell grain, and a vegetable crop. The seeding of crops can be broadcast seeding, planting, and also can be drill seeding according to the distance of 40-60 cm. After the seeds germinate and emerge, watering for 30-200 mm as appropriate according to specific weather conditions and growth season requirements.
After the desertification land improvement material prepared by the invention is applied to Lanzhou Gansu, spring, Zhangye, Dunhuang, Xinjiang Hami and other lands, the water and fertilizer leakage can be effectively prevented, the water and fertilizer holding effect is obvious, the watering and fertilizing times and the using amount are obviously reduced, the water and fertilizer utilization rate is improved by 25-52%, the soil organic matters, the microbial species and the number are obviously increased, the soil ecological function is obviously improved, meanwhile, the crop transpiration amount is reduced, the root system is prolonged, the disease resistance is improved, and the plants obtain a better growth environment. The method drives the local economic development while improving the desertification land.
Detailed Description
The method of improving a desertified land according to the present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1 improvement of desertified land by modified cellulose and leguminous Nitrogen fixing plants
(1) Under the catalysis of concentrated sulfuric acid, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and glycerol react for 12 hours at 140 ℃ in a molar ratio of 1:3 to obtain hydroxylated sodium carboxymethylcellulose; mixing 0.5wt% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose hydroxide, 5wt% of mixed soil and 5wt% of wheat straw powder with the mixed soil (the mass ratio of the red soil to the loess is 1: 2) and the sheep manure (10 wt% of mixed soil) decomposed in a high-temperature anaerobic environment at 70 ℃, and uniformly stirring to obtain the desertification land improvement material;
(2) spreading 12 kg/mu of diamine phosphate on the land surface to be improved, then spreading the desertification land improvement material on the ground, and carrying out rotary tillage by using a rotary cultivator. Sowing seeds of leguminous plants on the ground after rotary tillage, irrigating to keep the soil moist to ensure the germination, emergence and growth of the seeds, and spraying a mixed solution of potassium fulvate and carbendazim in the fruit growth period to prevent the occurrence of leaf spot. After the seeds germinate and emerge, the seeds are mown and buried in the early flowering period, and are watered according to specific weather conditions and growth seasons.
After the method is implemented in Gansu Zhangye area for one year, the effects of preventing water and fertilizer leakage and maintaining water and fertilizer are remarkable, the incidence rate of leaf spot is obviously reduced, the effect is better than that of using carbendazim alone, and the effective utilization rate of water and fertilizer is improved by more than 43%; after 2 years, the organic matters, the number and the types of microorganisms in the soil are obviously increased. See table 1 specifically:
example 2 improvement of desertification land by modified cellulose and non-leguminous Nitrogen fixation plants
(1) Under the catalysis of concentrated sulfuric acid, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and oxalic acid react for 2.5 hours at 110 ℃ in a molar ratio of 1:5 to obtain sodium carboxymethyl cellulose carboxylation; mixing 0.8 wt% of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose carboxylation with mixed soil (the mass ratio of attapulgite to loess is 1: 2), 8wt% of corn stalk powder (the mass ratio of the mixed soil) and 18 wt% of pig manure decomposed in a high-temperature anaerobic environment at 65 ℃, and stirring uniformly to obtain the desertification land improvement material;
(2) adding rhizobium inoculant into a tree pit with the diameter of 1.5 m multiplied by 1.5 m, adding diammonium phosphate into the tree pit according to the ratio of 10 kg/mu, paving desertification land improvement materials into the tree pit, planting alder and sea buckthorn seedlings, burying soil, irrigating to keep the soil moist to ensure the rooting and growth of the seedlings, and spraying 1200 times of potassium fulvate solution in the wintering period of the plants. After the saplings are planted, the saplings are watered according to specific weather conditions and growth seasons.
After the method is implemented in Hami area of Xinjiang for one year, the method has the advantages of preventing water and fertilizer leakage, obviously maintaining water and fertilizer holding effects, delaying leaf senescence, keeping more green leaves and improving the effective utilization rate of the water and fertilizer by more than 40 percent; after 2 years, the organic matters, the number and the types of microorganisms in the soil are obviously increased. The alder grows rapidly, and has excellent effects of fixing sand and retaining soil. See table 2 specifically:
example 3 improvement of desertified land by modified cellulose and husk grains
(1) Reacting hydroxypropyl cellulose and polyethylene glycol at a molar ratio of 1:2 at 140 ℃ for 4 h under the catalysis of concentrated sulfuric acid to obtain hydroxylated hydroxypropyl cellulose; then, mixing hydroxylated hydroxypropyl cellulose (1.5 wt% of the mixed soil), mixed soil (the mass ratio of montmorillonite to loess is 1: 2), plant straw powder (12 wt% of the mixed soil), cow dung decomposed in a high-temperature anaerobic environment at 60 ℃ (25 wt% of the mixed soil), and stirring uniformly to obtain the desertification land improvement material;
(2) spreading 15 kg of urea and diamine phosphate on the surface of the land, spreading the desertification land improvement material on the ground, and carrying out rotary tillage by using a rotary cultivator. Mixing hull grain seeds with 0.5% potassium fulvate, sowing on the ground after rotary tillage at a distance of 50 cm, irrigating, and keeping soil moist to ensure seed germination, emergence and growth. After the seeds germinate and emerge, the seeds are watered according to the specific weather conditions and the growth season.
After the method is implemented in the Gansu Dunhuang area for one year, the method can prevent the leakage of water and fertilizer, has obvious effects of water and fertilizer retention and obvious increase of average root length, and improves the effective utilization rate of the water and fertilizer by more than 32 percent; after 2 years, the organic matters, the number and the types of microorganisms in the soil are obviously increased. The method drives the local economic development while improving the desertification land. See table 3 for details:
example 4 land improvement in desertification by modified cellulose and vegetable crops
(1) Under the catalysis of concentrated sulfuric acid, the hydroxyethyl cellulose and amino acid react for 3 hours at the molar ratio of 1:4 at 70 ℃ to obtain modified hydroxyethyl cellulose; and then mixing the modified hydroxyethyl cellulose (1.2 wt% of mixed soil), the mixed soil (the mass ratio of kaolin to loess is 1: 2) and the corn straw powder (12 wt% of mixed soil), the horse manure (25 wt% of mixed soil) which is decomposed in a high-temperature anaerobic environment at 70 ℃, and stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain the desertification land improvement material.
(2) Spreading 20 kg of Yanfeng compound fertilizer on the surface of the land, spreading the desertification land improvement material on the ground, and carrying out rotary tillage by using a rotary cultivator. Mixing seeds of vegetable crops with 0.5% potassium fulvate, sowing on the ground after rotary tillage in a row at a distance of 40 cm, irrigating to keep the soil moist to ensure the germination, emergence and growth of the seeds, and continuously spraying 3 times of 1500 times potassium fulvate solution every 10-15 days in the growth period. After the seeds germinate and emerge, the seeds are watered according to the specific weather conditions and the growth season.
After the method is implemented in Gansu Dunhuang area for one year, the method can prevent the leakage of water and fertilizer, has obvious effect of water and fertilizer retention, obviously reduces the transpiration of crops, and improves the effective utilization rate of the water and fertilizer by more than 27 percent; after 2 years, the organic matters, the number and the types of microorganisms in the soil are obviously increased. The method drives the local economic development while improving the desertification land. See table 4 specifically:
Claims (4)
1. the method for improving the desertified land by combining the biochemical materials and the planting of the cash crops comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of biochemical land improvement material: uniformly mixing the mixed soil, the modified cellulose, the plant straw powder and the decomposed animal manure to obtain a desertification land improvement material;
the mixed soil is a mixture of clay and loess, wherein the clay is laterite, montmorillonite, kaolin and attapulgite clay, and the mass ratio of the clay to the loess is 1: 1-1: 5;
the preparation of the modified cellulose is carried out by reacting cellulose and a compound containing multiple hydrophilic groups for 2.5-12 hours at 70-140 ℃ in a molar ratio of 1: 1-1: 8 under the catalysis of concentrated sulfuric acid; wherein the cellulose is at least one of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methylcellulose and ethyl cellulose; the compound containing multiple hydrophilic groups is a multi-hydroxyl compound or a multi-carboxyl compound;
the amount of the modified cellulose is 0.05-2 wt% of the mass of the mixed soil; the using amount of the decomposed animal wastes is 5-25 wt% of the mass of the mixed soil; the using amount of the plant straw powder is 3-15 wt% of the mass of the mixed soil;
(2) planting of commercial crops: firstly, fertilizer is scattered on the surface of desertification land, then the prepared desertification land improvement material is paved on the ground, seeds of economic crops are sown after rotary tillage by a rotary cultivator, irrigation is carried out, the soil is kept moist to ensure the germination, the emergence and the growth of the seeds, and potassium fulvate is used according to different plant species at different periods; the cash crop is at least one of leguminous nitrogen-fixing plants, non-leguminous nitrogen-fixing plants, shell-type grains and vegetable crops.
2. The method for improving desertified land using biochemical materials in combination with the planting of cash crops as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the plant straw is one of wheat straw, corn straw, cotton straw and sorghum straw.
3. The method for improving desertified land using biochemical materials in combination with the planting of cash crops as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the animal manure is manure decomposed in a high-temperature anaerobic environment at the temperature of 60-70 ℃.
4. The method for improving desertified land using biochemical materials in combination with the planting of cash crops as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the crop seeding is broadcast seeding, and is planted or drill seeding according to a distance of 40-60 cm; after the seeds germinate and emerge, watering for 30-200 mm as appropriate according to specific weather conditions and growth season requirements.
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| SU1152539A1 (en) * | 1982-10-22 | 1985-04-30 | Kurgansk Selskokhoz I | Method of recovering soil fertility |
| CN101263770B (en) * | 2008-04-29 | 2010-08-25 | 中国农业大学 | Overall water-saving regulating and controlling method for fruit tree and vegetable |
| CN102432889B (en) * | 2011-08-15 | 2013-09-25 | 华南理工大学 | Vegetable fiber-based polyether polyol and preparation method thereof |
| CN105418770B (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2018-03-27 | 重庆力宏精细化工有限公司 | The production method of carboxymethyl cellulose acetate butyrate |
| CN107376666B (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2019-08-02 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of modified cellulose acetate film and the preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN108865150B (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2020-10-02 | 美丽国土（北京）生态环境工程技术研究院有限公司 | Sand-fixing agent, and preparation method, use method and application thereof |
| CN108911898A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2018-11-30 | 吉林师范大学 | A kind of desert vegetation recovery habitat improved materials |
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