CN112005824A - Crop rotation planting method for winter wheat and peanuts in saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Crop rotation planting method for winter wheat and peanuts in saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
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- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
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- PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 12
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- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- VTNQPKFIQCLBDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetochlor Chemical compound CCOCN(C(=O)CCl)C1=C(C)C=CC=C1CC VTNQPKFIQCLBDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
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- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 12
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 8
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241001465979 Adelgidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001530056 Athelia rolfsii Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000012249 Dendrolimus spectabilis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000243785 Meloidogyne javanica Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000256259 Noctuidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000130993 Scarabaeus <genus> Species 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
Abstract
The invention discloses a crop rotation planting method for winter wheat and peanuts in saline-alkali soil, and belongs to the technical field of crop planting in saline-alkali soil. The crop rotation planting method of the winter wheat and the peanuts in the saline-alkali soil comprises the steps of (1) weeding before ploughing, (2) applying a soil directional conditioner and a base fertilizer, (3) rotary tillage and soil preparation, (4) planting the winter wheat, (5) planting the peanuts, and (6) crop rotation of the winter wheat. The crop rotation planting method of the invention not only can achieve the effect of land improvement, but also can realize high yield of crops all the year round and improve economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting in saline-alkali soil, and particularly relates to a crop rotation planting method for winter wheat and peanuts in saline-alkali soil.
Background
Saline-alkali soil is a generic term for saline soil and alkaline earth. Saline soils are alkaline and contain high levels of chloride or sulphate, but not necessarily high pH. The alkaline earth soil is alkaline and has a high pH value, and contains carbonate or heavy phosphate. The saline-alkali soil has the advantages of low organic matter content, low soil fertility, poor physical and chemical properties, more anions and cations harmful to crops and difficult seedling promotion of the crops.
At present, winter wheat and peanuts are planted respectively in the saline-alkali soil improvement process, but a mode of crop rotation of the winter wheat and the peanuts is not developed in the improvement process. The winter wheat growth period is about 6-7 months, the peanut growth period is about 4-5 months, the planting time is reasonably arranged, the crop planting can be realized all the year round, the saline-alkali soil is improved through the technology, the winter wheat and peanut planting time is coordinated, the full-year crop high yield of the saline-alkali soil can be realized, and the effect of soil improvement is achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a planting method for coordinating crop rotation of winter wheat and peanuts in an improved saline-alkali soil.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a crop rotation planting method of winter wheat and peanuts in saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) weeding before ploughing
In the first year, the herbicide acetochlor is sprayed and applied evenly 15-20 days before rotary tillage and soil preparation;
(2) applying soil directional conditioner and base fertilizer
1-2 days before rotary tillage and soil preparation, spreading a soil directional conditioner with the dosage of 60-70 kg/mu; after the soil directional conditioner is applied, 100-150 kg/mu of finished organic fertilizer and 40-50 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer are applied;
(3) rotary tillage soil preparation
After applying the soil conditioning directional conditioner and the base fertilizer, ploughing the soil conditioning directional conditioner and the base fertilizer to a depth of 20-25 cm; increasing the air permeability of the soil and mixing the fertilizer and the soil directional conditioner with the soil;
(4) winter wheat planting
Selecting high-yield and high-quality wheat varieties which are early-maturing, short-stalk and not easy to fall at the beginning of 10 months, and sowing winter wheat according to the seed quantity of 10-15kg per mu, wherein the sowing depth is 3-4 cm;
when the emergence rate of winter wheat reaches 80-90%, carrying out first irrigation to ensure that surface soil is saturated in irrigation and surface water accumulation is avoided;
irrigating in winter at a temperature not lower than 3 ℃ in the last 12-11 months, and avoiding freezing damage caused by flood irrigation and accumulated water;
after beginning spring in the second year, when the average temperature rises to more than 3 ℃, irrigating green-turning water in the green-turning period of the winter wheat, and applying 15-20kg of urea per mu;
(5) peanut planting
Sowing peanut seeds 25-30 days before the winter wheat is harvested and in the middle ten days of 5 months, watering and irrigating 3-6 days before the peanut seeds are sowed to ensure sufficient soil moisture for seeding, and sowing full seedlings once; selecting a high-yield peanut variety with early maturity, compact plant and strong shade tolerance; the peanut sowing amount is 15-18 kg/mu, each root is 2-3 grains, the row spacing is 20-25cm, and the plant spacing is 15-20 cm; applying 40-50kg of base fertilizer per mu of ternary compound fertilizer, and sowing the seeds at a depth of 3-4 cm;
in the middle ten days of 6 months, after the winter wheat is yellow, measuring the yield, and harvesting tissues;
after the seedlings of the peanuts are aligned, 8-10kg of urea is used for seedling extraction per mu; spraying 0.2% monopotassium phosphate on leaf surfaces in full-bloom stage for topdressing;
mixing urea, monopotassium phosphate, carbendazim and purified water according to a certain proportion at the middle and later stages of peanuts, and spraying the mixture on peanut seedlings; pest control is carried out in due time;
after 9 late ten days, the upper leaves of the peanuts turn yellow, the middle and lower leaves turn yellow from green and gradually fall off, and the stems turn yellow-green; the outer skin of the fruit shell is green and hardened, the veins of the net are deepened and clear, the sponge body in the fruit shell is shiny black brown, the seed kernel is full, and when the seed coat is bright in color, the tissue yield measurement is carried out;
(6) rotation of winter wheat
After the peanuts are harvested, land arrangement is carried out to prepare winter wheat sowing work; the operation is circularly performed in this way.
On the basis of the scheme, the soil directional conditioner in the step 2) comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 35-45% of phosphogypsum, 20-30% of decomposed pig manure, 20-30% of humic acid, 5-10% of biogas residue and 5-10% of woody peat.
Preferably, the soil oriented conditioner in the step 2) consists of the following components in percentage by weight:
40% of phosphogypsum, 25% of decomposed pig manure, 25% of humic acid, 5% of biogas residue and 5% of woody peat.
On the basis of the scheme, the dosages of urea, monopotassium phosphate, carbendazim and purified water sprayed in the middle and later periods of the peanuts in the step (5) are respectively as follows: 1-1.5 kg/mu of urea, 150-200 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate, 40-50 g/mu of carbendazim and 40-50L of purified water.
The technical scheme of the invention has the advantages that:
the crop rotation planting method of the invention combines the use of the soil directional conditioner, not only can achieve the effect of improving the land, but also can realize the high yield of crops all the year round and improve the economic benefit.
Detailed Description
Terms used in the present invention have generally meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, unless otherwise specified.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following data in conjunction with specific examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
Example 1 winter wheat and peanut rotation was carried out in saline-alkali soil with 3.7% o of Dongying salt and pH of 7.9
(1) Soil directional conditioner with different proportions
Proportioning one: 40% of phosphogypsum, 20% of decomposed pig manure, 30% of humic acid, 5% of biogas residue and 5% of woody peat;
proportioning two: 45% of phosphogypsum, 20% of decomposed pig manure, 25% of humic acid, 5% of biogas residue and 5% of woody peat;
proportioning three: 40% of phosphogypsum, 25% of decomposed pig manure, 25% of humic acid, 5% of biogas residue and 5% of woody peat;
proportioning four: 45% of phosphogypsum, 25% of decomposed pig manure, 20% of humic acid, 5% of biogas residue and 5% of woody peat;
proportioning five: 40% of phosphogypsum, 30% of decomposed pig manure, 20% of humic acid, 5% of biogas residue and 5% of woody peat.
(2) The concrete operation steps
In the first year, 20 days before rotary tillage and land preparation, the herbicide acetochlor is sprayed in a windless day, the spraying amount of the acetochlor per mu is 80mL (the herbicide is 90% of acetochlor missible oil, the specification is 900g/L), and the herbicide is uniformly sprayed. Dividing 5 planting fields 1 day before rotary tillage and soil preparation, and respectively applying 5 soil directional conditioners with different proportions, wherein the dosage per mu is 70 kg; after the soil directional conditioner is applied, 150kg of finished organic fertilizer and 50kg of ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15) are broadcast in each mu of land. Applying a soil conditioner and a base fertilizer, and ploughing to a depth of 20-25cm without furrow, loosening soil and increasing air permeability; the fertilizer and the soil conditioner are mixed with the soil to prevent the fertilizer from being exposed in the air to cause pulverization and loss; selecting a winter wheat variety with high yield and high quality, wherein the winter wheat variety is early mature, short-stalk and not easy to fall down; sowing winter wheat in 10 months, wherein the seed consumption of each mu of wheat is 13kg, and the sowing depth is 3-4 cm; when the germination rate of winter wheat is 90%, water is irrigated to the tissues until the surface soil is saturated, and surface water accumulation cannot be caused. The irrigation time in winter is generally from 11 late ten days to 12 early days, the temperature is not lower than 3 ℃, and when winter irrigation is carried out on the wheat field, flood irrigation is avoided as much as possible so as to avoid excessive accumulated water and severe freezing injury. After beginning spring in the next year, when the average temperature rises to more than 3 ℃, the winter wheat begins to turn green and grow, and then enters the wheat turning green period, watering and fertilizing are carried out at the time, the effect is best, and 20kg of urea is applied to each mu. Watering and irrigating the ditch 5 days before peanut seeding to ensure sufficient soil moisture for seeding, and sowing the whole seedlings once. Sowing peanuts 25 days before wheat is harvested and in the middle ten days of 5 months, wherein the peanuts are high-yield varieties with early maturity, compact plants and strong shade resistance; the peanut sowing amount is 16kg, each root of the peanut is 2-3 grains, the row spacing is 20-25cm, and the plant spacing is 15-20 cm; applying 50kg of base fertilizer to each mu of land, and sowing the seeds to 3-4 cm. In the middle late 6 months, after the winter wheat is yellow, the yield is measured, and the wheat is mechanically harvested. After the peanuts are aligned, 8kg of urea is used for seedling lifting per mu; 0.2 percent of monopotassium phosphate can be used as foliage dressing and sprayed for 1 to 2 times in the full-bloom period. In the later period of peanuts, mixing urea, monopotassium phosphate, carbendazim and purified water according to a certain proportion, and spraying the mixture on peanut seedlings to meet the actual growth requirement of the peanuts; when the medicine is sprayed, the dosage is reasonably controlled, 1 kg/mu of urea, 150 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate, 40 g/mu of carbendazim and 50L of purified water. Common diseases of peanuts mainly comprise rust diseases, banded sclerotial blight, root knot nematode diseases, leaf spot diseases and the like; the common insect pests mainly include grubs (larvae of scarab), bridging insects, cutworms, pine caterpillars, aphids and the like. When the plant diseases and insect pests are prevented and controlled, the characteristics of the plant diseases and insect pests are closely combined, and the prevention and control are enhanced by adopting targeted measures, so that the improvement of the prevention and control effect can be better promoted. After 9 late ten days, the upper leaves turn yellow, the middle and lower leaves turn yellow from green and gradually fall off, and the stem branches turn yellow-green; the outer skin of the fruit shell is green and hardened, the veins of the net are deepened and clear, the sponge body in the fruit shell is shiny black brown, the seed kernel is full, the seed coat is bright in color, and the harvest by measuring yield can be organized. And (4) after the peanuts are harvested, carrying out land arrangement and preparing for sowing winter wheat.
The test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 test record table
| Group of | Winter wheat yield (kg/mu) | Peanut yield (kg/mu) |
| Proportioning one | 399.4 | 300.7 |
| Proportioning two | 403.5 | 294.8 |
| Proportioning three | 421.3 | 311.7 |
| Ratio of four | 401.3 | 287.2 |
| Proportioning five | 394.8 | 296.5 |
After comparing the soil directional conditioners with different proportions, the yield of winter wheat and the yield of peanuts are the highest after the three-soil directional conditioner is applied, so that the formula of the three-soil directional conditioner is the optimal formula.
Example 2 rotation of winter wheat and peanut in saline-alkali soil with 3.8 ‰ of Dongying salt content and pH of 8.0
(1) Soil directional conditioner with different proportions
Proportioning one: 40% of phosphogypsum, 20% of decomposed pig manure, 30% of humic acid, 5% of biogas residue and 5% of woody peat;
proportioning two: 45% of phosphogypsum, 20% of decomposed pig manure, 25% of humic acid, 5% of biogas residue and 5% of woody peat;
proportioning three: 40% of phosphogypsum, 25% of decomposed pig manure, 25% of humic acid, 5% of biogas residue and 5% of woody peat;
proportioning four: 45% of phosphogypsum, 25% of decomposed pig manure, 20% of humic acid, 5% of biogas residue and 5% of woody peat;
proportioning five: 40% of phosphogypsum, 30% of decomposed pig manure, 20% of humic acid, 5% of biogas residue and 5% of woody peat.
(2) The concrete operation steps
In the first year, 18 days before rotary tillage and land preparation, the herbicide acetochlor is sprayed in a windless state in a sunny day, the spraying amount of the acetochlor per mu is 75mL (the herbicide is 90% of acetochlor missible oil, the specification is 900g/L), and the herbicide is uniformly sprayed. Dividing 5 planting fields 2 days before rotary tillage and soil preparation, and respectively applying 5 soil directional conditioners with different proportions, wherein the dosage per mu is 65 kg; after the soil directional conditioner is applied, 130kg of finished organic fertilizer and 50kg of ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15) are broadcast in each mu of land. After the soil conditioner and the base fertilizer are applied, ploughing is carried out, the ploughing depth is 20-25cm, no dead furrow appears, the soil is loosened, and the air permeability is increased; the fertilizer and the soil conditioner are mixed with the soil to prevent the fertilizer from being exposed in the air to cause pulverization and loss; selecting a winter wheat variety with high yield and high quality, wherein the winter wheat variety is early mature, short-stalk and not easy to fall down; after rotary tillage of the land in the beginning of 10 months, sowing winter wheat, wherein the seed consumption per mu of wheat is 14kg, and the sowing depth is 3-4 cm; when the emergence rate of winter wheat is 85%, water is irrigated to the tissues until the surface soil is saturated, and surface water accumulation cannot be caused. The irrigation time in winter is generally from 11 late ten days to 12 early days, the temperature is not lower than 3 ℃, and when winter irrigation is carried out on the wheat field, flood irrigation is avoided as much as possible so as to avoid excessive accumulated water and severe freezing injury. After beginning spring in the next year, when the average temperature rises to more than 3 ℃, the winter wheat begins to turn green and grow, and then enters the wheat turning green period, watering and fertilizing are carried out at the time, the effect is best, and 18kg of urea is applied to each mu. Watering and irrigating the ditch 5 days before peanut seeding to ensure sufficient soil moisture for seeding, and sowing the whole seedlings once. Sowing peanuts 25 days before wheat is harvested and in the middle ten days of 5 months, wherein the peanuts are high-yield varieties with early maturity, compact plants and strong shade resistance; the peanut seeding amount is 15kg, each root is 2-3 grains, the row spacing is 20-25cm, and the plant spacing is 15-20 cm; applying 45kg of base fertilizer to each mu of land, and sowing the seeds to 3-4 cm. In the middle late 6 months, after the winter wheat is yellow, the yield is measured, and the wheat is mechanically harvested. After the peanuts are aligned, 10kg of urea is used for seedling lifting per mu; 0.2 percent of monopotassium phosphate can be used as foliage dressing and sprayed for 1 to 2 times in the full-bloom period. In the middle and later periods of peanuts, urea, monopotassium phosphate, carbendazim and purified water are mixed according to a certain proportion and sprayed on peanut seedlings to meet the actual growth needs of the peanuts, and when the pesticide is sprayed, the dosage is reasonably controlled, wherein the dosage is 1 kg/mu of urea, 130 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate, 45 g/mu of carbendazim and 45L of purified water. Common diseases of peanuts mainly comprise rust diseases, banded sclerotial blight, root knot nematode diseases, leaf spot diseases and the like; the common insect pests mainly include grubs (larvae of scarab), bridging insects, cutworms, pine caterpillars, aphids and the like. When the plant diseases and insect pests are prevented and controlled, the characteristics of the plant diseases and insect pests are closely combined, and the prevention and control are enhanced by adopting targeted measures, so that the improvement of the prevention and control effect can be better promoted. After 9 late ten days, the upper leaves turn yellow, the middle and lower leaves turn yellow from green and gradually fall off, and the stem branches turn yellow-green; the outer skin of the fruit shell is green and hardened, the veins of the net are deepened and clear, the sponge body in the fruit shell is shiny black brown, the seed kernel is full, the seed coat is bright in color, and the harvest by measuring yield can be organized. And (4) after the peanuts are harvested, carrying out land arrangement and preparing for sowing winter wheat.
The test results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 test record table
| Group of | Winter wheat yield (kg/mu) | Peanut yield (kg/mu) |
| Proportioning one | 389.7 | 315.5 |
| Proportioning two | 400.3 | 311.1 |
| Proportioning three | 409.8 | 332.4 |
| Ratio of four | 394.2 | 304.8 |
| Proportioning five | 386.4 | 312.9 |
After comparing the soil directional conditioners with different proportions, the yield of winter wheat and the yield of peanuts are the highest after the three-soil directional conditioner is applied, so that the formula of the three-soil directional conditioner is the optimal formula.
According to the test results, the application of the soil oriented conditioner can obviously increase the yield of winter wheat and peanuts.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a few embodiments, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but rather, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A crop rotation planting method of winter wheat and peanuts in saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) weeding before ploughing
In the first year, the herbicide acetochlor is sprayed and applied evenly 15-20 days before rotary tillage and soil preparation;
(2) applying soil directional conditioner and base fertilizer
1-2 days before rotary tillage and soil preparation, spreading a soil directional conditioner with the dosage of 60-70 kg/mu; after the soil directional conditioner is applied, 100-150 kg/mu of finished organic fertilizer and 40-50 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer are applied;
(3) rotary tillage soil preparation
After applying the soil conditioning directional conditioner and the base fertilizer, ploughing the soil conditioning directional conditioner and the base fertilizer to a depth of 20-25 cm; increasing the air permeability of the soil and mixing the fertilizer and the soil directional conditioner with the soil;
(4) winter wheat planting
Selecting high-yield and high-quality wheat varieties which are early-maturing, short-stalk and not easy to fall at the beginning of 10 months, and sowing winter wheat according to the seed quantity of 10-15kg per mu, wherein the sowing depth is 3-4 cm;
when the emergence rate of winter wheat reaches 80-90%, carrying out first irrigation to ensure that surface soil is saturated in irrigation and surface water accumulation is avoided;
irrigating in winter at a temperature not lower than 3 ℃ in the last 12-11 months, and avoiding freezing damage caused by flood irrigation and accumulated water;
after beginning spring in the second year, when the average temperature rises to more than 3 ℃, irrigating green-turning water in the green-turning period of the winter wheat, and applying 15-20kg of urea per mu;
(5) peanut planting
Sowing peanut seeds 25-30 days before the winter wheat is harvested and in the middle ten days of 5 months, watering and irrigating 3-6 days before the peanut seeds are sowed to ensure sufficient soil moisture for seeding, and sowing full seedlings once; selecting a high-yield peanut variety with early maturity, compact plant and strong shade tolerance; the peanut sowing amount is 15-18 kg/mu, each root is 2-3 grains, the row spacing is 20-25cm, and the plant spacing is 15-20 cm; applying 40-50kg of base fertilizer per mu of ternary compound fertilizer, and sowing the seeds at a depth of 3-4 cm;
in the middle ten days of 6 months, after the winter wheat is yellow, measuring the yield, and harvesting tissues;
after the seedlings of the peanuts are aligned, 8-10kg of urea is used for seedling extraction per mu; spraying 0.2% monopotassium phosphate on leaf surfaces in full-bloom stage for topdressing;
mixing urea, monopotassium phosphate, carbendazim and purified water according to a certain proportion at the middle and later stages of peanuts, and spraying the mixture on peanut seedlings; pest control is carried out in due time;
after 9 late ten days, the upper leaves of the peanuts turn yellow, the middle and lower leaves turn yellow from green and gradually fall off, and the stems turn yellow-green; the outer skin of the fruit shell is green and hardened, the veins of the net are deepened and clear, the sponge body in the fruit shell is shiny black brown, the seed kernel is full, and when the seed coat is bright in color, the tissue yield measurement is carried out;
(6) rotation of winter wheat
After the peanuts are harvested, land arrangement is carried out to prepare winter wheat sowing work; the operation is circularly performed in this way.
2. A crop rotation planting method of winter wheat and peanuts in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the soil directional conditioner in the step 2) comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 35-45% of phosphogypsum, 20-30% of decomposed pig manure, 20-30% of humic acid, 5-10% of biogas residue and 5-10% of woody peat.
3. A crop rotation planting method of winter wheat and peanuts in saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 2, wherein the soil directional conditioner in the step 2) is composed of the following components in percentage by weight:
40% of phosphogypsum, 25% of decomposed pig manure, 25% of humic acid, 5% of biogas residue and 5% of woody peat.
4. A crop rotation planting method for winter wheat and peanuts in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the dosages of urea, monopotassium phosphate, carbendazim and purified water sprayed in the middle and later periods of the peanuts in the step (5) are respectively as follows: 1-1.5 kg/mu of urea, 150-200 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate, 40-50 g/mu of carbendazim and 40-50L of purified water.
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