CN102550349B - Method for cultivating organic selenium-enriched rice - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating organic selenium-enriched rice. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: respectively preparing selenium-enriched seedling cultivating matrixes and selenium-enriched organic and inorganic special fertilizers by taking selenium-containing flax cakes as a selenium source, utilizing the selenium-enriched seedling cultivating matrixes in the seedling cultivation of rice, and respectively applying the selenium-enriched organic and inorganic special fertilizers as a base fertilizer and additional fertilizer before transplanting seedlings of the rice and before the farmland rest at the last phase of tillering of the rice. According to the method for cultivating the organic selenium-enriched rice, disclosed by the invention, conventional methods in which selenium-containing solution or selenium-containing leaf surface fertilizer is sprayed at a flowering phase and a seed phase of rice in the current selenium-enriched rice production or the selenium-containing solution is added in a rice processing procedure are changed, unsafe factors in the production of the selenium-enriched rice are avoided, and the production of the selenium-enriched rice is economical, efficient and pollution-free.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rice cropping, specifically is the cultivation method of a kind of organic Se-rich rice paddy rice.
Background technology
Selenium is the essential trace element of humans and animals, is a kind of antioxidant, has to alleviate old and feeble effect, can eliminate multiple harmful free radical, is called as oxidation resistant " gold partner " with the vitamin E synergy.Scarce selenium can cause body immunity to descend and the generation of Keshan disease, Kaschin-Beck disease, seriously lacks selenium and can take place as various disease conditions such as coronary heart disease, hemolytic anemia and liver cancer.At present, the crowd's number that lacks selenium in the worldwide is estimated 5,000 ten thousand to 100,000,000.
The findings of the survey of China (13 provinces) show that every day, selenium intake was 36 micrograms only per capita, are lower than 50 microgram standards of world health organisation recommendations, less than 1/3rd of the U.S., more far below the amount of replenishing 50 to 200 micrograms every day of Chinese Soclety of Nutrition suggestion.China per capita every day the selenium intake wretched insufficiency, influenced the physique of the nation people and health.
The selenium intake deficiency has 2 major reasons: the first, and the selenium resource distribution of China is seriously uneven.1980, whole nation selenium generaI investigation shows that the high selenium zone (enshi) that the existing world of China is rare is internationally recognized scarce selenium area but 2/3 area is arranged, and wherein the area more than 1/3 is the serious selenium that lacks, and wherein Yangtze River Delta Area such as Soviet Union, Zhejiang, Anhui are the serious selenium district that lacks.In scarce selenium area, soil lacks selenium, food lacks selenium, causes crowd's selenium under-supply.The second, it is limited that Chinese's dietary structure causes selenium to take in.The relative food with high of Se content comprises seafood, meat and pluck, and the meat ratio is relatively low from Chinese traditional diet and most of real life condition.
Though can take number of ways to mend selenium for poor selenium area, generally believe that the selenium of human body is mainly derived from food, it is more suitable that food is mended selenium.With respect to inorganic selenium, the organic selenium of biogenic has advantages such as absorption rate height, toxicity be little, and plant selenium is better than animal selenium.
Paddy rice is the staple food crop of China, is that the population of staple food accounts for 50% of country's total population with rice.But according to 30 province ,city and areas of China are investigated, except Tree in Enshi of Hubei Province rice selenium content was higher, all the other regional rice content all were lower than food Se content lower bound critical value 0.06mg/kg, belonged to low selenium rice.Therefore, by suitable pathways, improve Se content in the rice, significant for the selemium nutrition that improves China resident.
The selemium nutrition that carries out the staple food crop by breeding or fertilizer is biological reinforced, improve the Se content of edible part, be to solve the important component part that crowd's selenium in the world wide is supported the food systems strategy of insufficiency of intake, and fertilizer (agro-ecology fortification) is considered to more effective to the reinforcement of selenium etc.The rice of cultivating by paddy rice selenium-enriching cultivation technology is a kind of natural selenium-rich rice, the selenium absorption of human body availability height of this organic, overcome the deficiency of nutrient enhancing rice, and the biological safety problem of having avoided transgenic rice is argued, thereby develop this new function rice of rich selenium rice by this approach boundless application prospect will be arranged, and the selemium nutrition deficiency of improving the people there is realistic meanings.
At present, it mainly is method by foliage-spray that the fertilizer of domestic production selenium-rich rice is used, and namely foliage-spray contains the selenium-rich agent of inorganic selenium in the Rice Production process.As disclose among the CN ZL200410009346.3 " a kind of cultivation method of selenium-rich rice " a kind of by foliage-spray by containing the method that selenium-rich agent that selenium inorganic compound and phosphate forms is cultivated selenium-rich rice.CN101228834A " a kind of production method of biological selenium-enriched nutrient rice " has proposed a kind of different times at paddy growth, sprays the mixed liquor that is mixed and made into by RE microbial fertilizer, sodium selenite and BAS, to produce the method for selenium-rich nutritive rice.CN ZL01144575.0 " selenium-enriched plant nutrition regulating agent " discloses a kind of sodium salt by selenic acid or selenous acid, sylvite, ammonium salt and 5-nitroguaiacol, 2,2, 4-dinitrophenol or catechol sodium salt, sylvite, the water formulation of ammonium salt preparation.CN ZL200610078710.1 " a kind of spraying in selenium-enriched fertilizer of leaf and preparation method thereof " provide a kind of contain selenium and with multiple beneficial such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the zinc of different proportion, magnesium, copper in the foliage fertilizer formulation formed such as trace element and preparation method thereof.
Above-mentioned patent all to adopt the method for foliage-spray inorganic selenium, its advantage to be that crop absorbs fast.But its shortcoming also clearly, and at first foliage-spray requires the fertile content of selenium than higher, is 4～25% as the content of the salt of the selenic acid among the CN ZL01144575.0 " selenium-enriched plant nutrition regulating agent " or selenous acid.The selenium fertilizer of high concentration has increased uses fertile cost; Secondly, because foliage-spray, selenium fertilizer is easy to unrestrained to the field, so just to the field runoff water with soil causes certain pollution and be very big waste; Again, often cause the inorganic selenium residual quantity big, and inorganic selenium has tangible toxic action to body, safety is lower.
Also there is patent to adopt base manure to use the mode that contains inorganic selenium and cultivates rich selenium rice.Disclosing a kind of selenium fertilizer (sodium selenate, sodium selenite or other selenate or selenite) content as CN ZL02124833.8 " organic-inorganic compound selenium fertilizer and preparation method thereof " is 0.1% ~ 0.4% organic-inorganic compound selenium fertilizer; CN 101791081 A disclose a kind of rich selenium rice and production method thereof, be selenium-rich nutritive agent (being made up of nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer mixing) to be added again apply the field as base manure after nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer mixes, results back gained before using.This method is compared the foliage-spray selenium-rich agent, and the consumption of selenium obviously reduces, and rice in selenium mainly exist with the form of organic selenium, be easily absorbed by the body, have tangible progress.But in this invention employed selenium-rich nutritive agent and need be before using manually selenium-rich nutritive agent and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer be mixed thoroughly by a certain percentage after use.CN 101054315A discloses a kind of selenium-rich zoology whole-element fertilizer and production method thereof, with sodium selenite, chicken manure (or cattle and sheep excrement), dried yeast or yeast paste, humic acid, activated silica colloidal sol etc. in reaction kettle for reaction, the rear enclosed that stirs fermentation 30 days adds attapulgite, urea mixing granulation, oven dry again and forms.
Above-mentioned patent or technology all are the selenium sources with inorganic selenium (selenate or selenite) as fertilizer sources, therefore, require further improvement preparation and the application process of selenium fertilizer.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to provide the cultivation method of a kind of organic Se-rich rice paddy rice.
Realize that technical scheme of the present invention is:
The cultivation method of a kind of organic Se-rich rice paddy rice specifically comprises the steps:
(1) adopt rich selenium seedling medium during seedling cultivation of rice, sowing is broadcast 0.8 ~ 0.9 kilogram of bud kind with every square metre, 0.5 ~ 1 centimetre of lid kind of thickness;
(2) before rice transplantation, to use rich selenium organic-inorganic dedicated fertilizer earlier and make base manure, amount of application is 20～35 kilograms every mu; Evenly spreading fertilizer over the fields rich selenium organic-inorganic dedicated fertilizer as leaven after ploughing before broken upturned soil, amount of application is 10～25 kilograms every mu;
(3) use rich selenium organic-inorganic dedicated fertilizer as topdressing before rice tillering is put the field latter stage, amount of application is 30～60 kilograms every mu;
After the above-mentioned steps processing, the paddy rice ripe and harvested namely gets the organic Se-rich enriched rice.
Described rich selenium seedling medium is to make by farmers''s stack retting or industrial composting through mixing with following material and materials weight part ratio, and its materials and materials weight part ratio are:
Contain selenium oil cake of flax seed 30 ~ 50,
Vermiculite 40 ~ 60,
Weathered coal 10 ~ 30.
Described rich selenium organic-inorganic dedicated fertilizer, it is to make through mixing, adopt pellet granulation technology or extruder granulation technology or blending method technology with following material and materials weight part ratio, its materials and materials weight part ratio are:
Contain selenium oil cake of flax seed 30 ~ 60,
Nitrogenous fertilizer 15～28,
Phosphate fertilizer 11～25.5,
Potash fertilizer 8～15,
Siliceous fertilizer 3～10.
The full Se content of described oil cake of flax seed is greater than 0.0015%.
The content of selenium (in Se), silicon (in Si) is in the described rich selenium organic-inorganic dedicated fertilizer:
Selenium (in Se) 0.0005 ~ 0.008%,
Silicon (in Si) 1～5%.
In the rich selenium organic-inorganic dedicated fertilizer: described nitrogenous fertilizer can be at least a in urea, the ammonium chloride; Described phosphate fertilizer can be at least a in MAP, diammonium phosphate, superphosphate and the fused calcium magnesium phosphate; Described potash fertilizer can be in potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the potassium phosphate,monobasic at least a; Described siliceous fertilizer can be at least a in the rice hull ash, slag, flyash or the sodium silicate that burnt, the silicon potash fertilizer.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) germinate from paddy rice and grow seedlings, just always for paddy rice provides sufficient selenium source, thereby make paddy rice can from soil, absorb and be converted into organic selenium by photosynthesis in the whole growth phase, organic selenium content height in meter, and stablize;
(2) method of employing rich selenium seedling medium seedling and soil application, cultivation organic Se-rich paddy rice, change foliar application in the past and produce the drawback of rich selenium rice, and no longer use inorganic selenium fertilizer such as selenite, selenate, significantly reduce the environmental pollution that selenium fertilizer may cause, turn waste into wealth simultaneously, reduced production cost.
(3) contain siliceous fertilizer in the fertilizer components of the present invention, siliceous fertilizer can improve crop anti-adversity, improves photosynthesis, stimulate root system development, strengthen the paddy disease-resistant ability, improve ripening rate, promote the accumulation of dry matter and then increase output, and the effect that improves rice matter is arranged, thereby promote plant growth and the absorption of selenium is transformed.
(4) based on the paddy rice soil characteristics, suit measures to local conditions to adjust nutrients ratio and the fertile content of selenium of NPK, the NPK nutrition of suitable balance is provided for crop, and add the raisings crop anti-adversities such as fertilizer, siliceous fertilizer that become thoroughly decomposed, improve photosynthesis, stimulate root system development, promote plant growth and to the absorption conversion of selenium, thereby reach joint fertilizer and fall this, improve the purpose of rice matter.
Embodiment
Below the present invention is further illustrated by embodiment, but protection domain of the present invention is not constituted any restriction.
Embodiment 1:
Field trial place: Hui Xian town, Guangxi province lingui county,gui lin, middle fertility.Basic physical and chemical sees Table 1.
Table 1 is for examination soil basic chemical property
For the rice of trying the water: in wide fragrant No. one.
The cultivation method of present embodiment organic Se-rich paddy rice is seed selection, seedling, play field, rice transplanting, field management, harvesting.The seedling medium that seedling is used is rich selenium seedling medium, and sowing is broadcast 0.8 kilogram of bud kind with every square metre, 0.5 centimetre of lid kind of thickness.The fertilizer that field management is executed is rich selenium organic and inorganic fertilizer:
(1) uses for the first time: before rice transplantation, use 35 kilograms of rich selenium organic-inorganic dedicated fertilizers earlier and make base manure; Before broken upturned soil, evenly spreading fertilizer over the fields 15 kilograms of rich selenium organic-inorganic dedicated fertilizers as leaven after ploughing;
(2) use for the second time: use rich selenium organic-inorganic dedicated fertilizer as topdressing before rice tillering is put the field latter stage, amount of application is 50 kilograms every mu;
The rich selenium seedling medium of present embodiment is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: batch production is become thoroughly decomposed and is contained 50 parts of selenium oil cake of flax seed, 40 parts of vermiculites, and 10 parts of weathered coals make according to conventional seedbed system matrix preparation method.
Rich selenium organic-inorganic dedicated fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight in the present embodiment: batch production is become thoroughly decomposed and is contained 47.5 parts of selenium oil cake of flax seed, 4.5 parts in urea, 17 parts of ammonium chlorides, 8 parts of MAPs and 3 parts of superphosphate, 10 parts in potassium chloride, 10 parts of rice hull ash; Adopt pellet granulation technology, its equipment is identical with technology with the equipment that technology and existing granulating method are produced chemical fertilizer and organic and inorganic fertilizer, and it is to increase a measuring pump that is connected with comminutor before comminutor with the difference of existing equipment.To add in proportion in the comminutor through the selenium oil cake of flax seed that contains that batch production is become thoroughly decomposed, above-mentioned additive and urea, MAP, superphosphate, potassium chloride, sodium silicate, attapulgite mix in comminutor in proportion, and granulation.The rich selenium organic and inorganic fertilizer of final acquisition, its product quality has reached quality standard after testing.
This special use fertilizer is after testing: the percentage by weight of each component is: organic 20%, and purity nitrogen (N) 9%, phosphorus is (with P
2O
5Meter) 4%, potassium is (with K
2The O meter) 7%, selenium (in Se) 0.004%;
Content according to organic selenium and inorganic selenium in the standard test rice of GB/T 22499-2008 " rich selenium paddy ":
Total Se content in every kilogram of rice is 0.18 ~ 0.024 milligram, and 0.21 milligram of average out to reaches the selenium-rich rice standard, simultaneously, and organic selenium content 84.2 ~ 88.5%.
It is special-purpose fertile only to use the rich selenium organic-inorganic of equal number without seedling medium, the control treatment that fertilization time is identical with number of times, the rice after its results after testing, the total Se content in every kilogram of rice is 0.12 ~ 0.020 milligram, 0.16 milligram of average out to is though reach the selenium-rich rice standard.But not as using the selenium content height of seedling medium.
Embodiment 2:
Present embodiment field trial place: the Guanyang County Dong Jing of Guangxi province Guilin City town, the soil basic physical and chemical sees Table 2.
Table 2 is for examination soil basic chemical property
For the rice of trying the water: in wide fragrant No. one.
The cultivation method of present embodiment organic Se-rich paddy rice is seed selection, seedling, play field, rice transplanting, field management, harvesting.The seedling medium that seedling is used is rich selenium seedling medium, and sowing is broadcast 0.9 kilogram of bud kind with every square metre, 1 centimetre of lid kind of thickness.The fertilizer that field management is executed is rich selenium organic and inorganic fertilizer:
The application process of the rich selenium organic and inorganic fertilizer of present embodiment is:
(1) uses for the first time: before rice transplantation, use 30 kilograms of rich selenium organic and inorganic fertilizers earlier and make base manure;
(2) use for the second time: 20 kilograms of rich selenium organic and inorganic fertilizers are evenly being spread fertilizer over the fields as leaven in the back of ploughing before broken upturned soil;
(3) use for the third time: use rich selenium organic and inorganic fertilizer as topdressing before rice tillering is put the field latter stage, amount of application is 40 kilograms every mu.
The rich selenium seedling medium of present embodiment is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: batch production is become thoroughly decomposed and is contained 30 parts of selenium oil cake of flax seed, 50 parts of vermiculites, and 20 parts of weathered coals make according to conventional seedbed system matrix preparation method.
Rich selenium organic-inorganic dedicated fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight in the present embodiment: contain 47.5 parts of selenium oil cake of flax seed through the batch production fermentation maturity, 14.3 parts in urea, 7.4 parts in 7.2 parts of diammonium phosphate and fused calcium magnesium phosphate, 1.9 parts of 13 parts in potassium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphates, 5 parts of sodium silicate, 3.7 parts of attapulgites; Adopt the slurry process prilling, its equipment is identical with technology with the equipment that technology and existing slurry process are produced chemical fertilizer and organic and inorganic fertilizer.Other component that will contain the selenium oil cake of flax seed except becoming thoroughly decomposed is proportionally mixed earlier; before granulating working procedure, will become thoroughly decomposed and contain in the fertilizer mixed slurry that the selenium oil cake of flax seed directly is added to molten condition in proportion; after mixing; finish granulation by comminutor, all the other all process conditions are identical fully with the manufacturing condition of existing slurry process production composite fertilizer.
This special use fertilizer is after testing: the percentage by weight of each component is: organic 20%, and purity nitrogen (N) 11%, phosphorus is (with P
2O
5Meter) 5%, potassium is (with K
2The O meter) 9%, selenium (in Se) 0.003%,
Content according to organic selenium and inorganic selenium in the standard test rice of GB/T 22499-2008 " rich selenium paddy ":
The result is: the total Se content in every kilogram of rice is 0.18 ~ 0.25 milligram, and 0.215 milligram of average out to reaches the selenium-rich rice standard.Simultaneously, organic selenium content 85.4 ~ 89.2%.
Claims (3)
1. the cultivation method of an organic Se-rich rice paddy rice, it is characterized in that: this cultivation method comprises the steps:
(1) adopt rich selenium seedling medium during seedling cultivation of rice, sowing is broadcast 0.8 ~ 0.9 kilogram of bud kind with every square metre, 0.5 ~ 1 centimetre of lid kind of thickness;
(2) before rice transplantation, to use rich selenium organic-inorganic dedicated fertilizer earlier and make base manure, amount of application is 20～35 kilograms every mu; Evenly spread fertilizer over the fields rich selenium organic-inorganic dedicated fertilizer again as leaven after ploughing before broken upturned soil, amount of application is 10～25 kilograms every mu;
(3) use rich selenium organic-inorganic dedicated fertilizer as topdressing before rice tillering is put the field latter stage, amount of application is 30～60 kilograms every mu;
After the above-mentioned steps processing, the paddy rice ripe and harvested namely gets the organic Se-rich enriched rice; Wherein:
The described rich selenium seedling medium of step (1) is to make after mixing with following material and materials weight part ratio, and its materials and materials weight part ratio are:
Contain selenium oil cake of flax seed 30 ~ 50,
Vermiculite 40 ~ 60,
Weathered coal 10 ~ 30,
Mixing is made by farmers''s stack retting or industrial composting;
The described rich selenium organic-inorganic dedicated fertilizer in step (2)-(3) is to make through mixing, adopt pellet granulation technology or extruder granulation technology or blending method technology with following material and materials weight part ratio, and its materials and materials weight part ratio are:
Contain selenium oil cake of flax seed 30 ~ 60,
Nitrogenous fertilizer 15～28,
Phosphate fertilizer 11～25.5,
Potash fertilizer 8～15,
Siliceous fertilizer 3～10.
2. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the full Se content of described oil cake of flax seed is greater than 0.0015%.
3. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: in the described rich selenium organic-inorganic dedicated fertilizer: nitrogenous fertilizer is at least a in urea, the ammonium chloride; Phosphate fertilizer is at least a in MAP, diammonium phosphate, superphosphate and the fused calcium magnesium phosphate; Potash fertilizer be in potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the potassium phosphate,monobasic at least a; Siliceous fertilizer is at least a in the rice hull ash, slag, flyash or the sodium silicate that burnt, the silicon potash fertilizer.
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