A kind of single grain fine sowing fertilizer specially for peanut and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of fertilizer manufacturing, particularly to the fertilizer special for peanuts under the conditions of single grain fine sowing and preparation side thereof
Method.
Background technology
For a long time, people get used to every cave double grain sowing peanut traditionally, and per hectare is broadcast about 150,000 caves, and sowing quantity is big
Peanut typically needs 300~375kg/hm2, small pod peanut typically needs 225~260kg/hm2.The whole nation is annual for cooking the peanut planted about
1500kt, accounts for about the 10% of whole nation total output, and not only sowing quantity is big, and cost is high, and under conditions of high density, colony is with individual
Body particularly thorny, colony quality declines, and yield reduces.
Peanut simple grain broadcast as far back as the thirties in last century Wang Lanxin just it has been proposed that main to reduce production cost, on
The fifties in century, Shen Yujun report single grain fine sowing was conducive to increasing ripening fruits.From the nineties, the research of this team shows:
Under middle high-yield condition, double grains changing simple grain plantation into, per hectare is broadcast about 22.5 ten thousand caves, more can play individual plant productive potentialities,
It is more beneficial for colony's high yield.Unit are joint kind about 20%, increases production about 5%, and cost-saving synergistic effect is notable.Single grain fine sowing technology
Within continuous 5 years, it is listed in Shandong Province and promotes mainly technology, within 2015, be listed in the Ministry of Agriculture and promote mainly technology, add up according to the Agriculture in Shandong Province Room, only
Shandong Province just promoted 7,000,000 mu in recent years.Research shows that single grain fine sowing is broadcast regulation of fertilizer requirement with double grains and be there occurs great changes, simple grain
Precision Seeding can significantly improve the uptake of the nutrients such as peanut individual plant nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium within peanut breeding time, improves nutrients simultaneously
Matter, to the assignment transfer rate of pod, improves economic coefficient, and the apportionment ratio of pod Middle nutrition material is apparently higher than traditional double grain bunch planting
(table 1-table 4).But on producing, grower still uses traditional fertilizer type, fertilization mode, causes utilization rate of fertilizer not
High, can not fully meet Precision Seeding Development of Peanut needs.
At present, on peanut production, traditional fertilization mostly is quick-acting fertilizer, and fertilizer efficiency period is short, it is impossible to meeting Precision Seeding peanut needs fertilizer rule
Rule, slow-release fertilizer on the market is also not suitable for Development of Peanut needs under the conditions of single grain fine sowing, is unfavorable for that Precision Seeding peanut early stage is early
Sending out, send out soon, do not reach requirement in strong sprout, easily cause malnutrition, later stage de-fertile early ageing, impact is increased production and improved productivity.Therefore, it is necessary to depend on
Absorb rule according to single grain fine sowing condition peanut Main Nutrients, research and propose a kind of suitable dedicated fertilizer formula and system thereof
Preparation Method, contributes to realizing the environmental friendliness of agricultural production, reaches the raising utilization rate of fertilizer of country's proposition, fat-reducing purpose.
Table 1 single, double grain sowing nitrogen absorption and distribution rule
Note: it is 300,000 strain hm that single grain fine sowing arranges S1 -2, S2 be 22.5 ten thousand strain hm -2, S3 be 150,000 strain hm-2Three close
Degree, broadcasts (10,000 caves, 300,000 strain hm with traditional double grain-2) for compareing (CK).Lower same.
Table 2 single, double grain sowing phosphorus absorption and distribution rule
Table 3 single, double grain sowing potassium absorption and distribution rule
Table 4 single, double grain sowing calcium uptake Distribution dynamics
。
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides one according to the rule that absorbs of single grain fine sowing peanut Main Nutrients
Plant new formula fertilizer special for peanuts, and its preparation method is provided.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of single grain fine sowing fertilizer specially for peanut, its material quality part consists of: biomass carbon 150 parts, resin coated urea 300
Part, 50 parts of urea, calcium superphosphate 360 parts, potassium sulfate 80 parts, feces of livestock and poultry 300 parts, 7 parts of zinc sulfate, ammonium molybdate 10 parts, sulphur
8 parts of magnesium of acid, borax 12 parts, humic acid 80 parts, NAM additive 3.2 parts.
Above-mentioned all raw materials mostly are commercially available prod, and wherein resin coated urea is by big ecological engineering Co., Ltd of Shandong Nintaus
Offer is provided specially, particle diameter 1 millimeter, nitrogenous 42%, (a kind of long-acting complex fertilizer is efficient for humic acid and NAM additive (powder)
Additive, has suppression urase, suppression nitrification, stable ammonia ion and the comprehensive function of physiologically active of plant regulation, as coating
Use) produced offer by Shikefeng Chemical Co Ltd, Shandong, described urea is the nitrogenous fertilizer of nitrogenous 46%, calcium superphosphate
Containing phosphorus pentoxide 16%, potassium sulfate be potassium oxide content be the potash fertilizer of 50%.In above-mentioned raw materials, humic acid is liquid, remaining
Raw material is powder or grain.
In the special fertilizer of the present invention, N P and K calcification nutritional quality ratio about N: P2O5∶K2O:CaO=37:15:10:
25。
The preparation method of new formulation dedicated fertilizer of the present invention:
1, first by addition to the calcium superphosphate of biomass carbon, feces of livestock and poultry particle, the urea of 1/4, the potassium sulfate of 1/4 and 1/4
Fertilizer pulverize respectively;
2, by 1/3 zinc sulfate, 1/3 ammonium molybdate, 1/3 magnesium sulfate, 1/3 borax, the resin coated urea of 1/2,1/2 urea, 1/2 sulphur
Acid potassium, 1/2 calcium superphosphate is put into after weighing in mixer and is stirred 4 ~ 5 minutes, fully after mixing, adds the humic acid of 2/3
Enter comminutor with 2/3NAM and carry out granulation, obtain diameter 1 ~ 2 millimeter particle;
3, keep made particle surface in 2 moistening (increasing the degree of adhesion of outer substance), add remaining coated with resin urine
The urea of element, zinc sulfate, ammonium molybdate, magnesium sulfate, borax and 1/4,1/4 potassium sulfate, 1/4 calcium superphosphate, stir 4 ~ 5 minutes, fill
After dividing mixing, particle surface uniform adhesion, add remaining humic acid and carry out coating granulation with NAM, obtain diameter 1 ~ 3 millimeter
Grain, is dried to water content≤10wt%;
4,3 gained particles are mixed into whole feces of livestock and poultry, biomass carbon, and phosphorus is crossed in the urea of residue 1/4,1/4 potassium sulfate and 1/4
Acid calcium, stirs 4 ~ 5 minutes, fully mixes, then quantitative package.
The present invention absorbs rule according to single grain fine sowing peanut Main Nutrients, by biomass carbon, slow-release controlled-release material
Material, fertilizer etc. join in common fertilizer, precisely compound, and can improve soil, and in increase soil, charcoal base-organic matter contains
Amount, quick transformation soil texture, balance salt and moisture, the soil ring being conducive to plant health growth is created by rapid aging
Border, thus increase soil fertility, meets Precision Seeding peanut and grows each breeding time needs, promote that early stage is early sent out, sent out soon, and the later stage is not
De-fertilizer, extends breeding time, promotes the accumulation of later stage material and shifts to pod, and making pod enrich full, yield, quality significantly carry
High.
Advantage for present invention:
1. nutrient formula is reasonable, meets single grain fine sowing peanut needs
For giving full play to single grain fine sowing advantage, meeting Precision Seeding peanut needs fertile requirement, promotes early to send out, send out soon, forms strong strain, particularly
The appropriate early stage proportion of nitrogen fertilizer that increases, promotion nodule formation;Increase mid-early stage each element supply, promote bud differentiation, formed effectively
Pin colored, effective, increases per plant number;Middle and later periods increases calcareous fertilisers ratio, promotes shell development.
Organic-inorganic combines, and increases soil fertility
Traditional fertilizer is all based on inorganic nutrients, and the fertilizer of the present invention, in addition to inorganic nutrients, has been especially added with several
Measure charcoal, feces of livestock and poultry and there is the humic acid of effect of improving the soil, dramatically increasing the content of charcoal base-organic matter in soil, quickly
Transformation soil texture, balance salt and moisture, the Acidity of Aikalinity of improvement soil, strengthen the buffer capacity of soil, increase fertility, make soil
Loose, permeability is good, beneficially Peanut Root System, root nodule, floricome, pod grows, and promotes output increased.
Sustained release combines with controlled release, and fertilizer efficiency is long
Nitrogen requirement is needed, common urea and resin bag in fertilizer specially for peanut raw material of the present invention in view of Precision Seeding peanut whole breeding time
Film urea combines, and ensures early stage available nutrient demand, advantageously forms strong sprout, lay the first stone for later stage yield, after meeting simultaneously
Phase nitrogenous fertilizer needs, and prevents later stage de-fertilizer, and to being formed, high yield is most important;In fertilizer add humic acid, NAM can be effective
Ground slows down urea hydrolysis in soil, and nitrification inhibitor can stop the ammonium nitrogen conversion to nitrate nitrogen, reduces loss fertilizer,
Extend the fertilizer effectiveness phase, improve utilization rate of fertilizer.
Effect of increasing production is good, and utilization rate of fertilizer is high
New exclusive fertilizer, can significantly increase peanut yield, improves fertilizer absorption rate, and benefit is significantly increased.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further detailed.
Embodiment 1
Take biomass carbon 150 parts, resin coated urea 300 parts, 50 parts of urea, calcium superphosphate 360 parts, potassium sulfate 80 parts, livestock and poultry
300 parts of ight soil, 7 parts of zinc sulfate, ammonium molybdate 10 parts, 8 parts of magnesium sulfate, borax 12 parts, humic acid 80 parts, NAM additive 3.2
Part, the method for being prepared as follows is prepared: first by except biomass carbon, feces of livestock and poultry particle, the urea of 1/4, the sulfuric acid of 1/4
Potassium and 1/4 calcium superphosphate beyond fertilizer pulverize respectively;By 1/3 zinc sulfate, 1/3 ammonium molybdate, 1/3 magnesium sulfate, 1/3 boron
Sand, the resin coated urea of 1/2,1/2 urea, 1/2 potassium sulfate, 1/2 calcium superphosphate is put into after weighing and is stirred 4 in mixer
~ 5 minutes, fully after mixing, the humic acid adding 2/3 carried out granulation with 2/3NAM entrance comminutor, obtains 1 ~ 2 millimeter of left side of diameter
Right particle;Keep made particle surface in 2 moistening (increasing the degree of adhesion of outer substance), add remaining coated with resin urine
The urea of element, zinc sulfate, ammonium molybdate, magnesium sulfate, borax and 1/4,1/4 potassium sulfate, 1/4 calcium superphosphate, stir 4 ~ 5 minutes, fill
After dividing mixing, particle surface uniform adhesion, add remaining humic acid and carry out coating granulation with NAM, obtain diameter 1 ~ 3 millimeter
Grain, is dried to water content≤10wt%;3 gained particles are mixed into whole feces of livestock and poultry, biomass carbon, the urea of residue 1/4,
1/4 potassium sulfate and 1/4 calcium superphosphate, stir 4 ~ 5 minutes, fully mix, then quantitative package.
Experimental data is as follows:
2013-2015 land for growing field crops fertilizer contrast test is located at base, Jinan, academy of agricultural sciences of Shandong Province, and peanut educates 22 for flower, density 22.5
Ten thousand caves/hectare, 1, every cave, spring sowing ridging overlay film.Testing program is (according to peanut traditional fertilization and yield target 500 kgs/acre
Formulate with peanut fertilizer requirement): before peanut is broadcast, disposably use the Novel peanut special fertilizer 50 kgs/acre of the present invention;Comparison
For conventional fertilizer application, disposably apply composite fertilizer 50 kg/acre (N: P2O5∶K2O=15: 15: 15), combinationization control sprayed and contained mid-term
The foliage fertilizer of the trace element such as ferro-boron zinc molybdenum.Be base execute, rotary tillage, other control measures are identical.
With compared with rule fertilising, the fertilizer specially for peanut using the present invention contributes to improving yield component, can carry respectively
The double a kind of fruit, such as apple, pear, etc. number of high peanut, individual plant full fruit number, all kinds of fruits weight and hundred benevolence weights, yield dramatically increases (table 5).
Compared with conventional fertilizer application, use the fertilizer specially for peanut of the present invention and contribute to improving topsoil soils proterties: loosing soil,
Water conservation fertilizer-preserving ability strengthens.Be mainly manifested in soil weight reduction, topsoil soils saturated capillary content improves, and transparent performance changes
Kind, soil organic matter content substantially increases, and N. P. K absorption utilizes and significantly improves (table 6,7).
Table 5 test effect (2013 ~ 2015 annual mean)
Process | The double a kind of fruit, such as apple, pear, etc. number (individual) of individual plant | Individual plant full fruit number (individual) | All kinds of fruits weight (g) | Hundred benevolence weight (g) | Yield (kg/ mu) | Volume increase (%) |
Conventional fertilizer | 7.2 | 11.6 | 255.4 | 101.5 | 445.9 | —— |
Special fertilizer | 8.8 | 12.9 | 260.3 | 104.2 | 503.2 | 12.85 |
Topsoil soils proterties (2013 ~ 2015 annual mean) tested by table 6
Process | Unit weight (g.cm-3 ) | Saturated capillary (g.kg-1) | Organic (mg/kg) |
Conventional fertilizer | 1.13 | 41.35 | 1.05 |
Special fertilizer | 1.06 | 44.58 | 1.14 |
Table 7 nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium absorptivity (2013 ~ 2015 annual mean)
Process |
Full nitrogen (kg/hm2) |
Full phosphorus (kg/hm2) |
Full potassium (kg/hm2) |
Full calcium (kg/hm2) |
Conventional fertilizer |
413.3 |
45.6 |
79.7 |
398.8 |
Special fertilizer |
445.2 |
49.5 |
85.8 |
432.1 |