CN101570454A - Method for preparing and applying carbon-based special organic compound release-controlled fertilizer for scallion - Google Patents
Method for preparing and applying carbon-based special organic compound release-controlled fertilizer for scallion Download PDFInfo
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- CN101570454A CN101570454A CNA2009100156485A CN200910015648A CN101570454A CN 101570454 A CN101570454 A CN 101570454A CN A2009100156485 A CNA2009100156485 A CN A2009100156485A CN 200910015648 A CN200910015648 A CN 200910015648A CN 101570454 A CN101570454 A CN 101570454A
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- Prior art keywords
- fertilizer
- scallion
- organic compound
- water
- release
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Links
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 244000291564 Allium cepa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 235000010167 Allium cepa var aggregatum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000002732 Allium cepa var. cepa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000006558 Dental Calculus Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 241001582888 Lobus Species 0.000 claims description 6
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000037666 field crops Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010019617 Henoch-Schonlein purpura Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000031814 IgA Vasculitis Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000896238 Oidium Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000015446 immunoglobulin a vasculitis Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 claims 2
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 239000005739 Bordeaux mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 241000084475 Delia antiqua Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005947 Dimethoate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 244000118681 Iresine herbstii Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000594036 Liriomyza Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000339374 Thrips tabaci Species 0.000 claims 1
- 244000085553 Triticum polonicum Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005870 Ziram Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011717 all-trans-retinol Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019169 all-trans-retinol Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorothalonil Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C1Cl CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims 1
- MCWXGJITAZMZEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoate Chemical compound CNC(=O)CSP(=S)(OC)OC MCWXGJITAZMZEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229960001952 metrifonate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims 1
- NFACJZMKEDPNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorfon Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)C(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl NFACJZMKEDPNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L ziram Chemical compound [Zn+2].CN(C)C([S-])=S.CN(C)C([S-])=S DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N polynoxylin Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 4
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229940090496 Urease inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 3
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002601 urease inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001412225 Firmiana simplex Species 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- UNLRVSBRNJYNHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl] 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutanoate;dimethoxy-(4-nitrophenoxy)-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound COP(=S)(OC)OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1.C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1C(C(C)C)C(=O)OC(C#N)C(C=1)=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 UNLRVSBRNJYNHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000195940 Bryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000185654 Dichanthium aristatum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001331845 Equus asinus x caballus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000013668 Facial cleft Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010027146 Melanoderma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical compound C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 Urea aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QFHMNFAUXJAINK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1-(carbamoylamino)-2-methylpropyl]urea Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(C(C)C)NC(N)=O QFHMNFAUXJAINK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZFXVRMSLJDYJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Ca] ZFXVRMSLJDYJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- DMBHXSBFGMSJOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene;isothiocyanic acid Chemical compound N=C=S.ClC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHXSBFGMSJOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- JLYVRXJEQTZZBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ctk1c6083 Chemical compound NP(N)(N)=S JLYVRXJEQTZZBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016693 dipotassium tartrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WDQNIWFZKXZFAY-UHFFFAOYSA-M fentin acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O.C1=CC=CC=C1[Sn+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 WDQNIWFZKXZFAY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009746 freeze damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHHHONWQHHHLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl VHHHONWQHHHLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000008935 nutritious Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002897 organic nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002367 phosphate rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AVTYONGGKAJVTE-OLXYHTOASA-L potassium L-tartrate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O AVTYONGGKAJVTE-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 description 1
- TZLVRPLSVNESQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium azide Chemical compound [K+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] TZLVRPLSVNESQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000013278 single fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- HCJLVWUMMKIQIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2,3,4,5,6-pentachlorophenolate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl HCJLVWUMMKIQIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing and applying carbon-based special organic compound release-controlled fertilizer for scallion by using straw charcoal. The straw charcoal and chicken manure are used as main raw materials. The method is favorable for making full use of natural rainfall, preserving moisture and fertility, and increasing both production and income. Simultaneously, according to the nutrient absorption rule of the scallion, the special release-controlled fertilizer for the scallion is compounded and produced. The method for applying the carbon-based organic compound release-controlled fertilizer for the scallion applies the fertilizer once before the scallion is transplanted, and does not apply again. The manpower and the investment of the fertilizer and water are greatly saved.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation and application process of shallot special-purpose control-release fertilizer, specifically is exactly a kind ofly can control the preparation of carbon-based special organic compound release-controlled fertilizer for scallion and application process to the release of nutrient and moisture in the shallot process of growth.
Background technology
One, the domestic and international present Research of slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer
3 changes have been gone through in the production of world Fertilizer and use.Before the sixties in 20th century, the chemical fertilizer of production mostly is the simple substance low-analysis fertilizer; 60 to the eighties, developed country's development high-concentration fertilizer and composite fertilizer; Nearest 20 years, developed country began primary study slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer, bio-feritlizer, organic composite fertilizer, functional fertilizer, became the focus of new-type fertilizer research and development.The characteristics of slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer maximum are that nutrient discharges and crop absorbs synchronously, simplify fertilizer practice, realize that single fertilization satisfies the needs of crop whole growth phase, and fertilizer loss is few, utilization ratio height, environmental friendliness.Countries in the world all progressively recognize, improve the effective measure of utilization rate of fertilizer, are the novel slowly/controlled releasing fertilizers of research.Since the eighties in 20th century, all there is research emphasis in developed countries such as the U.S., Japan, Europe, Israel the technology of applying fertilizers scientifically to turn to the development of novel slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer, make every effort to increase substantially fertilizer utilization ratio from changing the chemical fertilizer self characteristics.Slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer is described as the important development direction of 21 century fertilizer industry.At present, slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer mainly contains following 4 types.
(1), Envelope type slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer; The Envelope type slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer mainly is the coated fertilizer that the control nutrient discharges on the bag quilt of fertiliser granulates top layer, regulates nutrient and discharges.Nineteen fifty-seven, sulfur coated urea is at first studied by the U.S., and TVA had carried out bag Thio Urea (SCU) lab scale on 1～7kg/h device in 1961, builds up the demonstration factory of 10t/h SCU in 1978 in U.S.A.
(2), synthesis type slightly soluble attitude slow release fertilizer, a class is the synthetic organic nitrogen compound that is slightly soluble in water, as urea-formaldehyde fertilizer (Ureaform), IBDU (IDBU), rare fork two ureas of fourth (CDU) etc.; Another kind of is slightly water-soluble or citric acid honor synthesizing inorganic fertilizer, as part acidic phosphorus mine (PAPR), divalent metal ammonium phosphate sylvite etc.Urea aldehydes slow release fertilizer is the condensation of urea and aldehydes, and modal is urea formaldehyde (UF).Germany nineteen twenty-four BadisheAnilin and Ssoda～Fabrek have obtained first and have made the patent of urea-formaldehyde fertilizer, and nineteen fifty-five is dropped into suitability for industrialized production.Phase early 1990s, world's slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer still based on microsolubility urea reaction thing, accounts for more than 50%.The Europe tradition is used slightly soluble urea compounds slow release fertilizer cold in nature.Its ratio accounts for more than 70% of slow-release fertilizer sales volume.This class fertilizer is subjected to the influence of factors such as soil moisture, pH value, microorganism bigger because of nutrient releasing speed, and the price height, and the demand of this type of fertilizer has a declining tendency.
(3), Chemical Inhibition type slow-release fertilizer is by adding urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor etc., the activity of regulating soil microorganisms is slowed down the hydrolysis of urea and to the nitrification of ammonia-state nitrogen, thus reaching the fertilizer nitrogen slowly discharges; The sixties, people began to pay attention to screening the work of soil urease inhibitor.HQ (quinhydrones), NB-PT (N-NBPT), PPD (neighbour-phenyl phosphoryl diamine), TPTA (thiophosphoryl triamide), CHPT (T-tricresyl phosphate hexahydroaniline) etc. are the important soil urease inhibitor of screening study.Begin to develop nitrification inhibitor abroad from the 1950's, the main products of research has the derivative of pyridine, pyrimidine, thiocarbamide, thiazole, mercury etc., and potassium azide, chlorobenzene isothiocyanate, hexachloroethane, sodium pentachlorophenate etc.Dyhard RU 100 (DCD) is to use comparatively to be widely used in the nitrification inhibitor of high nitrogen fertilizer utilization ratio.
(4), matrix composite is fertile and gluing slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer, with fertilizer nutrient with can reduce its deliquescent material and mixes, by strongly close, effect such as gluing, make the fertilizer of the slow release of nutrient.Especially organic high molecular polymer, the modification peat composed of rotten mosses and weathered coal class, organic matter equal that chemical fertilizer strong closes, gluing, change the rate of release of nutrient, make slow release fertilizer.The research in this field is the slow release fertilizer research direction at present, promise well.In addition, slow release fertilizers dissimilar, different rates of release are passed through " different grain speed change ", the nutrient release rhythm and pace of moving things of fertilizer is absorbed synchronously with crop to greatest extent, in slow release fertilizer is studied and used, be subjected to general laying particular stress on and look.At present, slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer, because the price height, except that Japan, the release and release control fertilizer of the U.S., West Europe 90-is used for non-agricultural markets such as lawn, nursery.Reducing production costs, move towards the land for growing field crops, is the important directions of slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer development and production.
China starts late to the research of slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer, and the seventies in 20th century, Nanjing Soil Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences once carried out the development of long-term efficiency bicarbonate ammonium.After entering the eighties, the research steps of domestic slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer is accelerated.Nineteen eighty-three begins, the system that takes the lead in such as Zhengzhou Polytechnical College launches fertilizer utilization nutrition and guesses development coated release and release control fertilizer, successively develop fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate coated urea (1983), ground phosphate rock partial acidification coated urea (1991), the continuous upgraded product of divalent metal ammonium phosphate sylvite bag state urea (1995) 3 classes, the nutrient sustained release time has surpassed 95 days, has broken through domestic and international nutrient material coating nutrient and has discharged the big gordian technique of control difficulty.Develop the industrialization production line of producing ten thousand tons of throughput per year, the equipment registration brand is Luxacote, and is with the outlet U.S., Australia, Singapore, Japan and other countries, equally celebrated for their achievements with Osmocote, MEISTER, Nutri-cote.Under the subsidy of national 863 Program, studying further and reduce cost, the emphasis development is applicable to the control released fertilizer special of field crop, and product is at the corn large-scale demonstration on ground such as Henan, Shandong, amount of increase in production is all more than 10%, and utilization rate of fertilizer improves more than 10 percentage points.
The resin coated controlled release fertilizer development, China mainly uses for reference Japanese experience.Beginning in 1992, the Beijing City Agriculture and Forestry Institute system of taking the lead in carries out the research of material resin coated urea.On the basis of using for reference day present technique, at solvent, all there are bigger improvement and breakthrough in aspects such as coating material, equipment.Research filters out low poison solvent, and the rate of recovery is more than 98%; Develop the successive type production unit, with the application national inventing patent.Coating material is selected cheap polyacrylamide for use, and carries out degradation modification.At present built up the resin bag of yearly capacity more than 3000 tons with urea production line, produced the nutrient controlled release 30 to 200 days or the serial coated urea of longer time, product is divided into line style and the S type discharges model.And be masterbatch with the coated urea, by different grain transmission technology, preparation N, P, the compound release and release control fertilizer of K have carried out large-scale demonstration on the paddy rice on ground such as Beijing, northeast, Shandong, Guangdong, seeding corn and other crops, achieve good results.Product and acquisition state key product innovation certificate in 2002.
The release and release control fertilizer technology of China is overall not as good as developed country's level, especially is wanting in apart from bigger in industrialization.At present about the consumption of the annual slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer of China 20,000 tons (material object), main on the market brand is the Osmocote of the U.S., Osmocoteplus, MESTER, the Nutricote of Japan, film-coated controlled release fertilizers such as the Multicote of Israel, market price are all more than per ton ten thousand yuan.The present slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer industrialization throughput of China surpasses 100,000 tons, but working rate is lower.
Though more than various fertilizer can play the purpose of slowly-releasing, like water off a duck's back to the maintenance of the moisture in the soil.
Two, the cultivation of Zhangqiu shallot
Zhangqiu shallot cultivation history is long, is documented on " the Zhangqiu county annals " in 9 years Jiaqing (1530).The characteristics of Zhangqiu shallot are that plant is tall and big, very light blue length, and the quality exquisiteness, sweet crisp succulence, slightly pungent, nutritious, be described as by people for many years by " treasure ", be subjected to the welcome of domestic and international market deeply.
(1), Zhangqiu shallot improved seeds (being)
1. this strain purity height of the big Chinese parasol tree in high person who is not a member of any political party Zhangqiu, commodity is good, 130～150 centimetres of general plant heights, long 50～70 centimetres in vain, thick 3～4 centimetres of very light blue stem, individual plant weigh 0.5～0.75 kilogram, the heavyliest reach 1.5 kilograms, 4000～5000 kilograms of per mu yields.
2. the wind Zhangqiu local variety of enraging, plant is sturdy, does not tiller, 40～50 centimetres of very light blue length, thick about 5 centimetres of footpath, base portion slightly expands, and 100～120 centimetres of plant heights, individual plant weigh 0.4～0.5 kilogram, and indivedual strains reach 1 kilogram, and per mu yield is a little less than big Chinese parasol tree strain.
3. the high white anti-anaphylactoid purpura of shallot kind of new generation, black spot, oidium, gray mold, 5000 kilograms of general per mu yields, the high-yield field reaches 10000 kilograms, storage tolerance, clean vegetables rate height.
(2), grow seedlings
Sowing time with " Autumnal Equinox " extremely " Autumnal Equinox " back 5 days be advisable, cross the easy bolting of planting early enough, cross the easy freeze injury of late sowing.The spring sowing time is April.
2. sow first site preparation and fertilization bedding, furrow are wide 1 meter, and are long 10 meters, every mu 60 furrow, 1.5～2 kilograms of every mu of application rates.Float except that flat grain and foreign material with clear water before broadcasting, with clear water seed soaking 24 hours, after the furrow face waters seed mixing fine earth is broadcasted sowing for 20 times again.Earthing 0.8～1 cm thick is gently hugged the furrow face after 4～5 days, avoid furrow facial cleft seam, promotes to sprout.
3. 10～12 days tidy seedlings outputs in back are broadcast in winter seedling management, and seedling has 80% or more and begins to water behind the straight nose, can water 3～4 water surviving the winter before, and freeze-up preceding covering one deck mule and horse excrement in small, broken bits is so that safe overwintering.
4. spring seedling management thinning in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May is 1～2 time, and about 10 centimetres of spacings chase after quick-acting fertilizer after the thinning, water water 2 times, does the fertilising of taking the circumstances into consideration to water of wet situation with backsight soil.
(3), transplant
1. can trench digging after wheat harvest fertilising is executed 2000～2500 kilograms in miscellaneous fertilizers for every mu wholely, 50 kilograms in phosphate fertilizer, 15～25 kilograms of composite fertilizers that have ready conditions and enrich phosphorous potassium such as diammonium phosphate again.
2. plant after the wheat harvest to late June and planted.Every mu of green onion seedling can be planted 4 mu of lands for growing field crops, 6.5～7 centimetres of spacing in the rows, mu 1.3～1.5 ten thousand strains of keeping a full stand of seedings.Plant Qian Shungou and water permeablely, water oozes the back inserts green onion, and the degree of depth is advisable not bury lobus cardiacus.
(4), field management
1. topdress and topdress altogether breeding time 4 times, in " the beginning of autumn " preceding extremely " the beginning of autumn ", impose become thoroughly decomposed barnyard manure or cake fertilizer or argol for the first time, before and after " Limit of Heat ", chase after instant nitrogenousfertilizer for the second time, and cooperate phosphorus potash fertilizer.Before and after " White Dew ", chase after instant nitrogenousfertilizer for the third time.Before and after " White Dew ", chase after instant nitrogenousfertilizer for the third time.Before and after " Autumnal Equinox ", impose chemical fertilizer the 4th time.
2. ridging is with shallow training in early stage, later stage Gao Pei, and not burying lobus cardiacus, to hinder the limit leaf less be principle, enclose with spud is shallow the back of topdressing for the first time, colludes pine after watering.Ridging is 6.7 centimetres after topdressing for the second time.Ridging is 7～10 centimetres before topdressing for the third time, the 4th 10～13 centimetres of the preceding ridging of topdressing.
3. water and all should water after topdressing at every turn, " Autumnal Equinox " very light blue ramp in back can be watered 1 time water every 4～5 days.And water even filling thoroughly.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of is the preparation and the application process of the carbon-based special organic compound release-controlled fertilizer for scallion of main raw material preparation with straw charcoal, chicken manure etc., utilize the superpower adsorptive power of straw charcoal, preserve moisture and fertility, increasing both production and income.Carry out the special-purpose control-release fertilizer of composite production shallot simultaneously according to the law of nutritive absorption of shallot.
The technical scheme that technical solution problem of the present invention is taked is: the present invention is to be that background is studied with the Zhangqiu shallot, and development and use agricultural crop straw charcoal is main raw material, produces this charcoal base shallot mixed organic fertilizer specially suitable material.Utilize the superpower adsorptive power of straw charcoal that effective constituent in the fertilizer and the moisture in the soil are tightly pinned, normally absorb for shallot, according to the study, 1000 kilograms of shallots of every production, need absorbed nitrogen 2.7-3.0 kilogram, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 0.5-1.2 kilogram, potassium oxide 3.3-4.0 kilogram, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 1: 0.4: 1.3; Nitrogenous 3.4% in the chicken manure according to surveying and determination, contain Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 3.1%, contain potassium oxide 1.63%, according to this ratio, in conjunction with the superpower adsorptive power and the sterilization and disinfestation ability of straw charcoal, feed composition of the present invention is by weight as follows:
Straw charcoal powder 50%
Chicken manure 35.1%
Urea 5.6%
Vitriolate of tartar 9%
Zinc sulfate 0.15%
Borax 0.15%
Straw charcoal is ground to that 1MM (20 order) is following, chicken manure is through sterilising treatment, grinds the back sieving for standby.Vitriolate of tartar, effectively potassium content is more than 50%.
The preparation method of carbon-based special organic compound release-controlled fertilizer for scallion of the present invention puts into stirrer together with above-mentioned raw materials and stirred 5-10 minute, stirs, through granulating, packing promptly.
The application process of carbon-based special organic compound release-controlled fertilizer for scallion of the present invention is once to apply before shallot is transplanted, and no longer imposes.
The present invention's advantage compared with prior art:
1) the present invention is directed to the various slow control fertilizer technologies in the present world, can only utilize the slow release of coating control nutrient.To the control of moisture content in the soil and the deficiency that prevents to have no effect of underground disease and pest, add straw charcoal, utilize the adsorption of straw charcoal to reach slow-release or control-release fertilizer and release the purpose that water has also been realized prevention and elimination of disease and pests simultaneously.
(2) nutrient reasonable ratio, according to the study, 1000 kilograms of shallots of every production need absorbed nitrogen 2.7-3.0 kilogram, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 0.5-1.2 kilogram, potassium oxide 3.3-4.0 kilogram, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 1: 0.4: 1.3; Special-purpose fertile absorption and China's soil nutrient situation of nitrogen phosphorus potassium designed nutrients ratio, and added trace element zinc and boron, helped the nutritive equilibrium of shallot according to shallot.
(3) be convenient to fertilizer is executed the root of green onion, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, common chemical fertilizer removes grants the root region soil China and foreign countries when making base manure on a small quantity, topdress and generally execute at soil surface, contact fewly with root system, is unfavorable for absorption.Special-purpose fertilizer nutrient is adsorbed by charcoal, does not burn root, can once execute before transplanting with the district, promotes to absorb, and improves utilization rate of fertilizer.
(4) number of times that reduces fertilising and water, save labour cost, shallot is except that using base manure at present, also need topdress and water 3-4 time, carbon-based special organic compound release-controlled fertilizer for scallion adopts base manure once to use, and no longer topdresses later on, has alleviated peasant's labour intensity, save cost, improved economic benefit.
Embodiment:
The preparation method of carbon-based special organic compound release-controlled fertilizer for scallion of the present invention, feed composition is by weight as follows:
Straw charcoal powder 50%
Chicken manure 35.1%
Urea 5.6%
Vitriolate of tartar 9%
Zinc sulfate 0.15%
Borax 0.15%
Straw charcoal is ground to that 1MM (20 order) is following, chicken manure is through sterilising treatment, grinds the back sieving for standby.Vitriolate of tartar, effectively potassium content is more than 50%.
The preparation method of carbon-based special organic compound release-controlled fertilizer for scallion of the present invention puts into stirrer together with above-mentioned raw materials and stirred 5-10 minute, stirs, through granulating, packing promptly.
The application process of carbon-based special organic compound release-controlled fertilizer for scallion of the present invention: the field management of Zhangqiu shallot is as follows:
One, transplants: after can ditching after the wheat harvest shallot mixed organic fertilizer specially suitable is once sailed in the ditch wholely.Plant, planted to late June.Every mu of green onion seedling can be planted 4 mu of lands for growing field crops, 6.5～7 centimetres of spacing in the rows, mu 1.3～1.5 ten thousand strains of keeping a full stand of seedings.Plant Qian Shungou and water permeablely, water oozes the back inserts green onion, and the degree of depth is advisable not bury lobus cardiacus.
Two, field management
1. topdress for 4 of breeding time times, complete exemption has also been saved fertilizer when having saved the manual interlocking in a large number,
2. ridging is with shallow training in early stage, later stage Gao Pei, and not burying lobus cardiacus, to hinder the limit leaf less be principle, encloses with spud is shallow for the first time, colludes pine after watering.For the second time earth up 6.7 centimetres.Earth up 7～10 centimetres for the third time, 10～13 centimetres of the 4th ridgings.
3. water and all should water after every secondary is earthed up, " Autumnal Equinox " very light blue ramp in back can be watered 1 time water every 5～10 days.And water even filling thoroughly.
Claims (3)
1, the preparation of carbon-based special organic compound release-controlled fertilizer for scallion and application process is characterized in that: it is as follows by weight percentage that raw material is formed branch:
Straw charcoal powder 50%
Chicken manure 35.1%
Urea 5.6%
Vitriolate of tartar 9%
Zinc sulfate 0.15%
Borax 0.15%
2, the preparation of carbon-based special organic compound release-controlled fertilizer for scallion according to claim 1 and application process is characterized in that: straw charcoal is ground to that 1MM (20 order) is following, chicken manure is through sterilising treatment, grinds the back sieving for standby.Vitriolate of tartar, effectively potassium content is more than 50%.Described raw material is put into stirrer together, stir, through granulating, packing promptly.
3, according to after the using of the described carbon-based special organic compound release-controlled fertilizer for scallion of claim 1, the field management of Zhangqiu shallot is characterized in that:
A, transplanting: ditch after a. wheat harvest wholely and once sail into the shallot mixed organic fertilizer specially suitable in the ditch; B. plant Qian Shungou and water permeablely, water oozes the back inserts green onion, and the degree of depth is advisable not bury lobus cardiacus, has planted to late June; Every mu of green onion seedling can be planted 4 mu of lands for growing field crops, 6.5～7 centimetres of spacing in the rows, mu 1.3～1.5 ten thousand strains of keeping a full stand of seedings;
B, field management
Topdress for 4 times of a, breeding time, complete exemption has also been saved fertilizer when having saved the manual interlocking in a large number;
B, ridging be with shallow training in early stage, later stage Gao Pei, and not burying lobus cardiacus, to hinder the limit leaf less be principle, encloses with spud is shallow for the first time, colludes pine after watering; For the second time earth up 6.7 centimetres; Earth up 7～10 centimetres for the third time; 10～13 centimetres of the 4th ridgings;
All should water after c, the every secondary ridging of watering, " Autumnal Equinox " very light blue ramp in back can be watered 1 time water every 5～10 days, and waters even the filling thoroughly;
D, past prevention and elimination of disease and pests rely on agricultural chemicals such as onion thrips, Liriomyza to spray with 40% dimethoate emulsion or 1000～1500 times of liquid of 80% ddvp emulsion fully; Onion fly adds water with 90% Trichlorphon and irritates root for 1000 times; Oidium is sprayed with 600～1000 times of liquid of 75% m-tetrachlorophthalodinitrile; Anaphylactoid purpura can be sprayed 1: 1: 200 Bordeaux mixture; Sometimes also use 600～700 times of liquid of 65% zineb, or 600～700 times of liquid controls of 65% ziram; Though these pesticide injuries are very little, food quality also there is certain influence; Using these agricultural chemicals of carbon-based special organic compound release-controlled fertilizer for scallion now can remove from, has improved food quality.
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| CN103755411A (en) * | 2012-07-30 | 2014-04-30 | 句容市农业技术推广中心 | Fertilizer special for welsh onion |
| CN104860738A (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2015-08-26 | 上海孚祥生物科技有限公司 | Biomass charcoal-based seedling growing matrix and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101081758A (en) * | 2006-06-02 | 2007-12-05 | 天津市汉沽区福祥肥料加工厂 | Biofermentation composite fertilizer of enzyme agent and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102674951A (en) * | 2012-04-18 | 2012-09-19 | 陕西汉唐环保农业有限公司 | Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer prepared by Chinese herbal medicine residues and production method thereof |
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| CN103755411A (en) * | 2012-07-30 | 2014-04-30 | 句容市农业技术推广中心 | Fertilizer special for welsh onion |
| CN104860738A (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2015-08-26 | 上海孚祥生物科技有限公司 | Biomass charcoal-based seedling growing matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN104945108A (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2015-09-30 | 连云港市耕地质量保护站 | Planting method and ecological special fertilizer for golden large onion as well as preparation method of ecological special fertilizer |
| CN104945108B (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2018-08-17 | 连云港市耕地质量保护站 | A kind of implantation methods of the big jade onion of gold, ecological fertilizer special and preparation method thereof |
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