A kind of single grain fine sowing fertilizer specially for peanut and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of fertilizer manufacturing, the in particular to fertilizer special for peanuts under the conditions of single grain fine sowing and its preparation side
Method.
Background technique
For a long time, traditionally people get used to every cave double grains sowing peanut, and per hectare broadcasts 150,000 caves or so, and sowing quantity is big
Peanut generally needs 300~375kg/hm2, small pod peanut generally needs 225~260kg/hm2.It is national to be about for cooking the peanut planted every year
10% or so of 1500kt, Zhan Quanguo total output, not only sowing quantity is big, at high cost, and under conditions of high density, group and
Particularly thorny, the colony quality decline of body, yield reduction.
Peanut simple grain is broadcast early in the Wang Lanxin thirties in last century just it has been proposed that mainly to reduce based on production cost, on
The Shen Yujun fifties in century report single grain fine sowing is conducive to increase ripening fruits.Since the nineties, this team research shows that: In
Under middle high-yield condition, it is changed to simple grain plantation by double grains, per hectare broadcasts 22.5 ten thousand caves or so, can more play single plant productive potentialities,
It is more advantageous to group's high yield.Unit area section kind 20% or so, volume increase 5% or so, cost-saving synergistic significant effect.Single grain fine sowing technology
It is listed within continuous 5 years Shandong Province and promotes mainly technology, be listed within 2015 the Ministry of Agriculture and promote mainly technology, counted according to the Agriculture in Shandong Province Room, only
7,000,000 mu are just promoted in recent years in Shandong Province.Research shows that single grain fine sowing and double grains broadcast regulation of fertilizer requirement and great changes, simple grain have occurred
Precision Seeding can significantly improve the uptake of the nutrients such as peanut single plant nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium within peanut breeding time, while improve nutrients
Matter improves economic coefficient, the apportionment ratio of nutriment is apparently higher than traditional double grains bunch planting in pod to the assignment transfer rate of pod
(table 1- table 4).However in production, grower still uses traditional fertilizer type, fertilization mode, causes utilization rate of fertilizer not
Height cannot sufficiently meet Precision Seeding Development of Peanut needs.
Currently, traditional fertilization is mostly quick-acting fertilizer on peanut production, fertilizer efficiency period is short, and not being able to satisfy Precision Seeding peanut needs fertilizer rule
Rule, slow-release fertilizer on the market are also not suitable for Development of Peanut needs under the conditions of single grain fine sowing, and it is early early period to be unfavorable for Precision Seeding peanut
Hair, fast hair, are not achieved strong sprout requirement, easily cause malnutrition, and later period de- fertile early ageing influences to increase production and improve productivity.Therefore, it is necessary to according to
Rule is absorbed and utilized according to single grain fine sowing condition peanut Main Nutrients, researchs and proposes a kind of suitable dedicated fertilizer formula and its system
Preparation Method helps to realize environmental-friendlyization of agricultural production, reaches raising utilization rate of fertilizer, the weight-reducing purpose of country's proposition.
The single, double grain of table 1 sows nitrogen absorption and distribution rule
Note: it is 300,000 plants of hm that S1, which is arranged, in single grain fine sowing -2, S2 be 22.5 ten thousand plants of hm -2, S3 be 150,000 plants of hm-2Three
A density broadcasts (10,000 caves, 300,000 plants of hm with traditional double grains-2) it is control (CK).Similarly hereinafter.
The single, double grain of table 2 sows phosphorus absorption and distribution rule
The single, double grain of table 3 sows potassium absorption and distribution rule
The single, double grain of table 4 sows calcium uptake Distribution dynamics
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides one according to the rule that is absorbed and utilized of single grain fine sowing peanut Main Nutrients
The new formula fertilizer special for peanuts of kind, and preparation method is provided.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of single grain fine sowing fertilizer specially for peanut, material quality part composition are as follows: 150 parts of biomass carbon, coated with resin urine
300 parts of element, 50 parts of urea, 360 parts of calcium superphosphate, 80 parts of potassium sulfate, 300 parts of feces of livestock and poultry, 7 parts of zinc sulfate, ammonium molybdate 10
Part, 8 parts of magnesium sulfate, 12 parts of borax, 80 parts of humic acid, 3.2 parts of NAM additive.
Above-mentioned all raw materials are mostly commercial product, and wherein resin coated urea is by big ecological engineering Co., Ltd, Shandong Nintaus
Special production provides, and 1 millimeter of partial size or so, nitrogenous 42%, (a kind of long-acting complex fertilizer is efficient with NAM additive (powder) for humic acid
Additive has and inhibits urase, inhibit nitrification, stablize the comprehensive function that ammonium ion and physiologically active of plant are adjusted, as coating
Using) by Shikefeng Chemical Co Ltd, Shandong's production offer, the nitrogenous fertilizer that the urea is nitrogenous 46%, calcium superphosphate
It is containing phosphorus pentoxide 16%, potassium sulfate is the potash fertilizer that potassium oxide content is 50%.Humic acid is liquid in above-mentioned raw materials, remaining
Raw material is powder or grain.
In special fertilizer of the invention, N P and K calcification nutritional quality is than about N: P2O5∶K2O:CaO=37:15:10:
25。
The preparation method of new formulation dedicated fertilizer of the present invention:
1, first by except biomass carbon, feces of livestock and poultry particle, 1/4 urea, 1/4 potassium sulfate and 1/4 calcium superphosphate
Fertilizer in addition is crushed respectively;
2, by 1/3 zinc sulfate, 1/3 ammonium molybdate, 1/3 magnesium sulfate, 1/3 borax, 1/2 resin coated urea, 1/2 urea,
1/2 potassium sulfate, 1/2 calcium superphosphate are put into blender after weighing and are stirred 4 ~ 5 minutes, and after mixing well, 2/3 corruption is added
Phytic acid enters pelletizer with 2/3NAM and is granulated, and obtains 1 ~ 2 millimeter of diameter or so particle;
3, it keeps made particle surface in 2 to moisten (degree of adhesion for increasing outer substance), adds remaining resin packet
Film urea, zinc sulfate, ammonium molybdate, magnesium sulfate, borax and 1/4 urea, 1/4 potassium sulfate, 1/4 calcium superphosphate, stir 4 ~ 5 points
Clock mixes well, after particle surface uniform adhesion, and remaining humic acid is added and NAM carries out coating granulation, obtains 1 ~ 3 milli of diameter
Rice grain, it is dry to water content≤10wt%;
4,3 gained particles are mixed into whole feces of livestock and poultry, biomass carbon, urea, 1/4 potassium sulfate and 1/4 of residue 1/4
Calcium superphosphate is stirred 4 ~ 5 minutes, is mixed well, then quantitative package.
Rule is absorbed and utilized according to single grain fine sowing peanut Main Nutrients in the present invention, by biomass carbon, slow-release controlled-release material
Material, organic fertilizer etc. are added in common fertilizer, are precisely compounded, and soil can be improved, and are increased charcoal base-organic matter in soil and are contained
Amount, quick transformation soil texture balance salt and moisture, and the soil ring for being conducive to plant health growth is created by rapid aging
Border meets each breeding time growth and development needs of Precision Seeding peanut to increase soil fertility, promotes early send out early period, fast hair, the later period is not
De- fertilizer, extends breeding time, promotes the accumulation of later period substance and shifts to pod, enriches pod full, yield, quality substantially mention
It is high.
Advantage for present invention:
1. nutrient formula is reasonable, meet single grain fine sowing peanut needs
To give full play to single grain fine sowing advantage, meeting Precision Seeding peanut needs fertilizer to require, and promotes early hair, fast hair, forms strong strain, special
It is not appropriate increase proportion of nitrogen fertilizer early period, promotes nodule formation;Increase the supply of mid-early stage each element, promote bud differentiation, is formed
Effectively flower, effective gynophore, increase per plant number;Middle and later periods increases calcareous fertilisers ratio, promotes shell development.
Organic-inorganic combines, and increases soil fertility
Traditional fertilizer is all based on inorganic nutrients, and fertilizer of the invention has been especially added with phase other than inorganic nutrients
When quantity charcoal, feces of livestock and poultry and humic acid with effect of improving the soil, charcoal base-organic matter content in soil is dramatically increased,
Quick transformation soil texture balances salt and moisture, improves the acid-base property of soil, enhances the buffer capacity of soil, increases fertility, makes
Loosing soil, permeability are good, are conducive to Peanut Root System, root nodule, floricome, pod growth and development, promote output increased.
Sustained release is combined with controlled release, and fertilizer efficiency is long
Nitrogen requirement is needed in view of Precision Seeding peanut entire breeding time, common urea and tree in fertilizer specially for peanut raw material of the present invention
Rouge coated carbamide combines, and ensures available nutrient early period demand, advantageously forms strong sprout, lays the foundation for later period yield, full simultaneously
Sufficient later period nitrogenous fertilizer needs, and prevents later period de- fertilizer, high yield is most important to being formed;The humic acid that adds in fertilizer, NAM can be with
Effectively slow down the hydrolysis of urea in the soil, nitrification inhibitor can prevent conversion of the ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen, reduce and be lost
Fertilizer extends the fertilizer effectiveness phase, improves utilization rate of fertilizer.
Effect of increasing production is good, and utilization rate of fertilizer is high
New exclusive fertilizer can significantly increase peanut yield, improve fertilizer absorption rate, and benefit is significantly increased.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further detailed below with reference to embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Take 150 parts of biomass carbon, 300 parts of resin coated urea, 50 parts of urea, 360 parts of calcium superphosphate, 80 parts of potassium sulfate,
300 parts of feces of livestock and poultry, 7 parts of zinc sulfate, 10 parts of ammonium molybdate, 8 parts of magnesium sulfate, 12 parts of borax, 80 parts of humic acid, NAM additive
3.2 parts, prepared by the method for being prepared as follows: first by except biomass carbon, feces of livestock and poultry particle, 1/4 urea, 1/4
Potassium sulfate and 1/4 calcium superphosphate other than fertilizer crushed respectively;By 1/3 zinc sulfate, 1/3 ammonium molybdate, 1/3 magnesium sulfate,
1/3 borax, 1/2 resin coated urea, 1/2 urea, 1/2 potassium sulfate, 1/2 calcium superphosphate are put into blender after weighing
Stirring 4 ~ 5 minutes, after mixing well, is added 2/3 humic acid and 2/3NAM enters pelletizer and is granulated, and obtains 1 ~ 2 milli of diameter
Rice or so particle;It keeps made particle surface in 2 to moisten (degree of adhesion for increasing outer substance), adds remaining resin packet
Film urea, zinc sulfate, ammonium molybdate, magnesium sulfate, borax and 1/4 urea, 1/4 potassium sulfate, 1/4 calcium superphosphate, stir 4 ~ 5 points
Clock mixes well, after particle surface uniform adhesion, and remaining humic acid is added and NAM carries out coating granulation, obtains 1 ~ 3 milli of diameter
Rice grain, it is dry to water content≤10wt%;3 gained particles are mixed into whole feces of livestock and poultry, biomass carbon, the urine of residue 1/4
Element, 1/4 potassium sulfate and 1/4 calcium superphosphate are stirred 4 ~ 5 minutes, are mixed well, then quantitative package.
Experimental data is as follows:
The crop field 2013-2015 fertilizer comparative test is located at academy of agricultural sciences, Shandong Province Jinan base, and peanut is that flower educates 22, density
22.5 ten thousand caves/hectare, 1, every cave, spring sowing ridging overlay film.Testing program is (public according to peanut traditional fertilization and yield target 500
Pound/acre and peanut fertilizer requirement formulate): before peanut is broadcast, one-time use 50 kilograms of novel peanut special fertilizer of the invention/
Mu;Control is conventional fertilizer application, disposable to apply 50 kg/acre (N: P of compound fertilizer2O5∶K2O=15: 15: 15), and mid-term combinationization
Control sprays the foliar fertilizer of the microelements such as containing boron, iron zinc molybdenum.Be base apply, rotary tillage, other management measures are identical.
Compared with conventional fertilizer application, applying fertilizer specially for peanut of the invention helps to improve yield component, can mention respectively
The double a kind of fruit, such as apple, pear, etc. numbers of high peanut, the full fruit number of single plant, all kinds of fruits weight and hundred benevolence weights, yield dramatically increase (table 5).
Compared with conventional fertilizer application, applying fertilizer specially for peanut of the invention helps to improve topsoil soils character: loosing soil,
The enhancing of retain water and nutrients ability.It is mainly manifested in soil weight reduction, topsoil soils saturation hollow billet water content raising, transparent performance changes
Kind, soil organic matter content obviously increases, and N. P. K absorption utilizes and significantly improves (table 6,7).
5 test effect of table (2013 ~ 2015 annual mean)
Table 6 tests topsoil soils character (2013 ~ 2015 annual mean)
7 nitrogen of table, phosphorus, potassium absorptivity (2013 ~ 2015 annual mean)