A kind of Long-term biological slow-release fertilizer special for peanut and preparation method thereof
technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of slow release fertilizer, be specifically related to one and cultivate peanut Special long-acting slow release fertilizer.
background technology
Peanut is leguminous crop, is rich in fat and protein, of many uses, has higher status in national economy, and peanuts a large amount of is at present used to oil expression, and peanut oil, color and luster is limpid, fragrant, and flavour is good to eat, is a kind of more readily digested edible oil.Peanut oil is containing unsaturated fatty acids more than 80% (wherein containing oleic acid 41.2%, linolic acid 37.6%).In addition also containing Palmiticacid, the saturated fatty acid such as stearic acid and eicosanoic acid 19.9%.The Fatty acid compositions of peanut oil is reasonable, is easy to human consumption and absorbs.
At present, China's peanut mean yield is about 3000kg/ hectare, and its yield potential is comparatively large, and uses the important channel that suitable fertilizer will be raising peanut yield.The ratio of peanut absorbed nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium is 3:0.4:1:0.6, but peanut can reach 70-80% by root nodule bacterium for nitrogen, therefore the nitrogen amount applied of peanut requirement is not high, but peanut has addicted to potassium, nutritive property addicted to calcium, and boron, molybdenum, iron, manganese, magnesium, sulphur etc. are required urgent, reaction is responsive, is the key that peanut yield increasing increases income.
What present most enterprise was produced is specifically designed in all kinds of compounds (mixing) fertilizer of peanut, there is following problem:
1, the fertile phase is short, utilization rate of fertilizer is low;
2, single inorganic fertilizer causes soil compaction;
3, single fertilizer nutrient is low, fertilizer efficiency is poor;
4, organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer due to content on the low side and cause fertilizer efficiency poor;
5, not comprehensive containing the medium trace element or medium trace element that are improved crop yield and quality in general fertilizers;
Although 6, part fertilizer can play the effect of volume increase, oil yield maintains 40% once always, is difficult to improve.
Slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer is the novel increment fertilizer in low-carbon economy epoch, is one of important directions of the development of following fertilizer industry.Wherein, urea aldehyde slow-release compound fertilizer belongs to fertilizer mid-to high-end product, quick-acting, the middle effect of high-efficiency sustained-release set, long-acting in one, be applicable to various vegetables, melon and fruit, gardens, flowers etc.The present invention intends researching and developing a kind of Long-term biological slow-release fertilizer special for peanut, not only containing biological inoculum, has environmental protection effect, also containing urea formaldehyde coated fertilizer, thus has the function of slow release long-acting, increasing both production and income simultaneously.
Chinese invention patent application number: 201110334237.X, denomination of invention is: a kind of humic acids all nutrition type fertilizer specially for peanut and preparation method thereof, the invention discloses a kind of humic acids all nutrition type fertilizer specially for peanut and preparation method thereof, relate to crop fertilizer technical field.Raw material urea, potassium sulfate or Repone K, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, humic acids, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, EDTA Chelated Manganese, borax, ammonium molybdate by regulation proportion ingredient, get product through stirring, granulation, secondary drying and cooling, screening, coating, metering, packaging by it.The present invention compared with prior art has comprehensive nutrition, improves the advantage of peanut yield, quality.
summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, according to the fertile N and P uptake character of the need of peanut, in conjunction with peanut cultivation soil fertility, by formulating scientific formula, through field test, in Chinese invention patent application number: the basis of 201110334237.X is researched and developed further a kind of new Long-term biological slow-release fertilizer special for peanut.
A kind of Long-term biological slow-release fertilizer special for peanut of the present invention, feed composition weight part is as follows:
Urea formaldehyde coated carbamide 100-250 part,
Urea coated nitragin composition 100-250 part,
Potassium sulfate 200-400 part,
Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 150-240 part,
Monoammonium phosphate 50-250 part,
Humic acids 20-100 part,
Ferrous sulfate 1-20 part,
Zinc sulfate 1-20 part,
EDTA Chelated Manganese 1-20 part,
Ammonium molybdate 0.1-1 part,
Borax 1-20 part;
Above-mentioned raw materials is commercially available prod, wherein:
Urea and formaldehyde reaction are generated urea formaldehyde by the preparation method of described urea formaldehyde coated carbamide, then utilize urea formaldehyde to have cementing properties and urea formaldehyde also can continue to react with urea, urea formaldehyde are coated on urea granules surface;
The preparation method of described urea coated nitragin composition adopts liquid ventilation fermentation method conventionally to carry out liquid fermenting, prepare peanut nodule fermented liquid, adsorb described fermented liquid with the turfy soil after sterilizing again and obtain nitragin, then ferrous sulfate and ammonium molybdate is added, low temperature granulation is carried out after mixing, finally be sprayed on particle surface with fusing urea, form urea coated layer, obtain urea coated nitragin composition;
In described potassium sulfate, potassium oxide content is 51%;
In described fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, the content of Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES is 18%, and the content of calcium oxide is 45%, and magnesian content is 12%, and the content of silicon oxide is 20%;
In described monoammonium phosphate, the total content of nitrogen is 10%, and phosphorus pentoxide content is 50%;
Described humic acids molecular weight is 2000-5000, and nitrogen content is 1%-6%;
Described ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, EDTA Chelated Manganese, borax, ammonium molybdate are Powdered or grain;
In raw material described above, except urea, the particle diameter of all the other raw materials is all less than 1 millimeter, and described content is mass percent.
Long-term biological slow-release fertilizer special for peanut of the present invention, preferred feed composition weight part is as follows:
Urea formaldehyde coated carbamide 150-160 part,
Urea coated nitragin composition 150-160 part,
Potassium sulfate 340-380 part,
Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 150-200 part,
Monoammonium phosphate 70-100 part,
Humic acids 40-65 part,
Ferrous sulfate 5-10 part,
Zinc sulfate 5-10 part,
EDTA Chelated Manganese 5-10 part,
Ammonium molybdate 0.1-0.5 part,
Borax 5-10 part.
Long-term biological slow-release fertilizer special for peanut of the present invention, most preferred feed composition weight part is as follows:
Urea formaldehyde coated carbamide 160 parts,
Urea coated nitragin composition 150 parts,
Potassium sulfate 350 parts,
170 parts, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate,
Monoammonium phosphate 80 parts,
Humic acids 50 parts,
10 parts, ferrous sulfate,
10 parts, zinc sulfate,
EDTA Chelated Manganese 9.5 parts,
Ammonium molybdate 0.5 part,
Borax 10 parts.
The preparation method of Long-term biological slow-release fertilizer special for peanut of the present invention, comprises following processing step:
1. the preparation method of described urea formaldehyde coated carbamide:
First allow urea and formaldehyde reaction generate urea formaldehyde, utilize urea formaldehyde to have cementing properties and urea formaldehyde also can continue to react with urea, urea formaldehyde is coated on urea granules surface, the amount of the urea formaldehyde of bag quilt accounts for the 20%-40% of coated carbamide gross weight.
Described urea and the temperature 70-80 DEG C of formaldehyde reaction, pH value in reaction 2-3, reaction times 20min, urea: formaldehyde=1.5:1.
Full nitrogen (N) content about 38% of urea formaldehyde.
2. the preparation method of described urea coated nitragin composition:
Liquid ventilation fermentation method is adopted conventionally to carry out liquid fermenting, prepare peanut nodule fermented liquid, adsorb described fermented liquid with the turfy soil after sterilizing again and obtain nitragin, then ferrous sulfate and ammonium molybdate is added, mix, carry out low temperature granulation, be finally sprayed on particle surface with fusing urea, form urea coated layer, obtain urea coated nitragin composition.
Wherein, the screening formulation of described dedicated liquid substratum is: sugary 10g in every 1000mL water, yeast powder 2g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.5g, calcium sulfate 0.2g, magnesium sulfate 0.2g, sodium-chlor 0.2g, 1% ammonium molybdate 1mL and 0.5% boric acid 4mL (solid medium adds 20g agar again), pH value 6.8-7.0, temperature 28 DEG C, air flow is 0.5mM O
2l
-1h
-1.
The mass ratio of described fermented liquid and turfy soil is 1:3-4.
The mass ratio of described nitragin and ferrous sulfate is 1:0.02-0.04, and the mass ratio of nitragin and ammonium molybdate is 1:0.01-0.02.
Described urea coated layer accounts for the 5-10wt% of urea coated nitragin composition quality.
3. by urea formaldehyde coated carbamide, urea coated nitragin composition, potassium sulfate, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, humic acids, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, EDTA Chelated Manganese, borax, ammonium molybdate by regulation stoichiometry, put into stirrer and carry out mix and blend 6-8 minute, fully mix, then measure, pack and get product.
In aforesaid method, the step root nodule bacterium bacterial classification that 1. middle preparation root nodule bacterium fermented liquid is used is prior art, all can be able to use with the bacterial classification of peanut symbiotic nitrogen fixation.Preferably, Chinese agriculture Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center ACCC is numbered one of 19603,19605,19606 root nodule bacterium (Rhizobium).
The application of the Long-term biological slow-release fertilizer special for peanut containing nitragin of the present invention, utilizes when peanut seeding that seeding and fertilizing all-in-one is disposable to be used as base manure, and fertilizer amount amounts to into N P and K total amount, every mu of 50-60 kilogram.
Nitragin, Nodule Growth and the trace elements iron required for fixed nitrogen are wrapped in urea shell by the present invention together with molybdenum, and according to the regulation of fertilizer requirement reasonable disposition phosphorus of peanut, potash fertilizer and slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, form the Long-term biological slow-release fertilizer special for peanut with inoculation and fertilising dual-use function.The present invention compared with prior art, has following outstanding advantage:
1, product of the present invention can be improved Soil structure, increases fertilizer efficiency, stimulating growth, raising peanut resistance and improve peanut quality, and oil yield can exceed more than 6 percentage points compared with existing fertilizer.
2, the root nodule bacterium in product of the present invention are wrapped up by urea, decrease the impact of environmental factors on bacterial classification, extend the activity of root nodule bacterium, improve the ability of root nodule bacterium fixed nitrogen.
3, product of the present invention contains urea formaldehyde, high-efficiency sustained-release, gather quick-acting, middle effect, long-acting in one, one is only needed to use, peanut can be supplemented separately by the deficiency of root nodule bacterium fixed nitrogen, suddenly the impact on nodule nitrogen fixation effect is increased, the needs of both cooperative supply peanut nitrogens after can avoiding nitrogen application again.
4, product of the present invention can improve utilization rate of fertilizer, and consumption is more economized and more saved, and effectively economizes on resources simultaneously, alleviates environmental pollution.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is elaborated, but not only for so.
Embodiment 1: preparation Long-term biological slow-release fertilizer special for peanut, feed composition weight part is as follows:
Urea formaldehyde coated carbamide 150 parts,
Urea coated nitragin composition 160 parts,
Potassium sulfate 360 parts,
160 parts, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate,
Monoammonium phosphate 75 parts,
Humic acids 61 parts,
8 parts, ferrous sulfate,
8 parts, zinc sulfate,
EDTA Chelated Manganese 9.7 parts,
Ammonium molybdate 0.3 part,
Borax 8 parts.
Preparation method, comprises following processing step:
1. the preparation method of urea formaldehyde coated carbamide:
First allow urea and formaldehyde reaction generate urea formaldehyde, utilize urea formaldehyde to have cementing properties and urea formaldehyde also can continue to react with urea, urea formaldehyde is coated on urea granules surface, the amount of the urea formaldehyde of bag quilt accounts for the 20%-40% of coated carbamide gross weight.
Described urea and the temperature 70-80 DEG C of formaldehyde reaction, pH value in reaction 2-3, reaction times 20min, urea: formaldehyde=1.5:1.
Full nitrogen (N) content about 38% of urea formaldehyde.
Stanley Fertilizer Co., Ltd is on sale.
2. the preparation method of urea coated nitragin composition:
Liquid ventilation fermentation method is adopted conventionally to carry out liquid fermenting, prepare peanut nodule fermented liquid, adsorb described fermented liquid with the turfy soil after sterilizing again and obtain nitragin, then ferrous sulfate and ammonium molybdate is added, mix, carry out low temperature granulation, be finally sprayed on particle surface with fusing urea, form urea coated layer, obtain urea coated nitragin composition.
Wherein, the screening formulation of described dedicated liquid substratum is: sugary 10g in every 1000mL water, yeast powder 2g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.5g, calcium sulfate 0.2g, magnesium sulfate 0.2g, sodium-chlor 0.2g, 1% ammonium molybdate 1mL and 0.5% boric acid 4mL (solid medium adds 20g agar again), pH value 6.8-7.0, temperature 28 DEG C, air flow is 0.5mM O
2l
-1h
-1.
The mass ratio of described fermented liquid and turfy soil is 1:3-4.
The mass ratio of described nitragin and ferrous sulfate is 1:0.02-0.04, and the mass ratio of nitragin and ammonium molybdate is 1:0.01-0.02.
Described urea coated layer accounts for the 5-10wt% of urea coated nitragin composition quality.
Stanley Fertilizer Co., Ltd is on sale.
3. by urea formaldehyde coated carbamide 150 parts, urea coated nitragin composition 160 parts, potassium sulfate 360 parts, 160 parts, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, monoammonium phosphate 75 parts, humic acids 61 parts, 8 parts, ferrous sulfate, 8 parts, zinc sulfate, EDTA Chelated Manganese 9.7 parts, borax 0.3 part, ammonium molybdate 8 parts by regulation stoichiometry, put into stirrer and carry out mix and blend 6-8 minute, fully mix, then measure, pack and get product.
Embodiment 2: preparation Long-term biological slow-release fertilizer special for peanut, feed composition weight part is as follows:
Urea formaldehyde coated carbamide 160 parts,
Urea coated nitragin composition 150 parts,
Potassium sulfate 350 parts,
170 parts, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate,
Monoammonium phosphate 80 parts,
Humic acids 50 parts,
10 parts, ferrous sulfate,
10 parts, zinc sulfate,
EDTA Chelated Manganese 9.5 parts,
Ammonium molybdate 0.5 part,
Borax 10 parts.
Manufacturing process is with embodiment 1;
Comparative example 1: common 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, specification is 15-15-15, and Stanley Fertilizer Co., Ltd produces and sells.
Comparative example 2: the preparation method's preparation according to Chinese invention patent application number being the embodiment 1 of 201110334237.X: humic acids all nutrition type fertilizer specially for peanut is by 310 parts, urea, potassium sulfate 350 parts, 170 parts, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, monoammonium phosphate 80 parts, humic acids 50 parts, 10 parts, ferrous sulfate, 10 parts, zinc sulfate, EDTA Chelated Manganese 9.5 parts, ammonium molybdate 0.5 part, borax 10 parts mixes after metering, after mixing and stirring, enter tablets press, in tablets press, pass into steam carry out balling-up granulation, material temperature controls at 35 DEG C-45 DEG C, then a baking (dries outlet material temperature controls at 60 DEG C-75 DEG C) is entered, and then enter one and cool, sieve after having cooled, work in-process after screening carry out secondary drying (two dry outlet material temperature controls at 50 DEG C-60 DEG C) cooling again, after carrying out screening and coating process again after having cooled, metering is product, products obtained therefrom specification is 15-7-18(potassium sulfate type), containing humic acids and various medium trace element.
the effect of embodiment 1-2 and comparative example 1-2 is as follows:
experimental cultivar: seaflower No. 1 peanut.
test site: Stanley manure trial base, Zhong Goutou village, Zheng Shan town, Linshu County, Shandong Province.
soil regime: sandy loam, medium fertility, has water to water condition, and organic 0.98%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 71ppm, rapid available phosphorus 10.2ppm, available potassium 56ppm.
experimental technique:5 process are established in experiment altogether, and embodiment 1 is process 1, and embodiment 2 is process 2, and comparative example 1 is process 3, and comparative example 2 is process 4, and blank is process 5.
Outside place's blank, all process fertilizer amounts amount to into N P and K total amount, every mu of 50-60 kilogram.
Process 1 and 2, containing the Long-term biological slow-release fertilizer special for peanut of nitragin, utilizes when peanut seeding that seeding and fertilizing all-in-one is disposable to be used as base manure;
Process 3 and 4 points of base manure and administered twice of topdressing, during fertilising, base manure and proportion of additional fertilizer are 1:0.8.
Each process plot area 13.3 square metres, field random alignment, in triplicate.Date of seeding is April 29, Ridged plant, and row spacing 85 centimetres ridge is planted two row peanuts, and average row is apart from 42.5 centimetres, and pier is apart from 16.5 centimetres, and the strain of every pier two, planting density 9500 piers/mu, membrane covering, other field management is with general land for growing field crops.On September 8 harvesting time, after results, indoor are carried out peanut economic characters and are measured and yield result analysis.
experimental result:
1. different treatment peanut individual plant economic characters situation is in table one
As can be seen from Table 1, the peanut of process 2 emerge the fastest, seedling gesture is the strongest, the peanut of process 1 takes second place, process 4(blank) peanut growing way the poorest.From economic characters, process the per plant number of 2, plumpness and two benevolence rate the highest, be respectively 24.2,86.7%, 82.4%, the per plant number of process 1, plumpness, two benevolence rate are taken second place, be respectively 21.7,78.3%, 72.1%, process 4(blank) per plant number, plumpness, two benevolence rate be only 18.5,65.5%, 69.2%.This shows, the Long-term biological slow-release fertilizer special for peanut nutrient content of process 2 is high, proportioning is balanced, significantly promotes nourishing and growing of peanut.
different treatment peanut yield is in table two
Note: different letter representation significant difference (p ﹤ 0.05).
As can be seen from Table 2, the peanut Drying rate 48.2% of process 2, kernel percent 69.8%, be significantly higher than other process, and the Drying rate of other three process, kernel percent does not reach significant difference.Analysis of variance, between different treatment, volume variance is remarkable, and the peanut yield of process 2 is the highest, and per mu yield pod 493.3 kilograms, reaches conspicuous level; Next is process 1, per mu yield pod 437.5 kilograms, and the per mu yield pod of other two brands is only 417.1 kilograms, 410.6 kilograms.This shows, the Long-term biological slow-release fertilizer special for peanut effect of increasing production of process 2 is the most remarkable.
3.
different treatment peanut yield increasing amount is in table three
Note: in table, digital upper values is relative to the units increased in production of left side numeral and stimulation ratio, and wherein negative value is the underproduction.
As can be seen from Table 3, process 2 is than process 1 every mu of volume increase seed benevolence 52.5 kilograms, and stimulation ratio is 17.99%; Than process 3 every mu of volume increase seed benevolence 62.70 kilograms, stimulation ratio is 22.27%; Than process 4(blank) every mu of volume increase seed benevolence 79.00 kilograms, stimulation ratio is 29.78%.Thus show to process 2(embodiment 2) effect of increasing production the highest, peanut economic yield can be improved significantly.
4.
different treatment peanut oil yield is in table four
the cartogram of table 4 different treatment oil yield
Note: in table, negative value is for reducing.
As can be seen from Table 4, process 1,2 has had significant raising than the oil yield of process 3,4,5 peanut, average raising more than 6 percentage points.And process the oil yield of 3,4,5 peanuts without significant difference, not there is statistical significance.Visible process 1,2 can improve the oil yield of existing peanut significantly.
Above experimental result shows, compared with prior art, uses the peanut indices of soil fertility quality of the present invention all apparently higher than the peanut index of existing soil fertility quality; Compared with comparative example, adopt the peanut that embodiment (process 1, process 2) is applied fertilizer, not only effect of increasing production is obvious, quality also has and significantly promotes, and fast, the seedling gesture of emerging strengthens, and branch is sturdy, dark green leaf color, resistance strengthen, result is neatly full, and setting percentage is high, and oil yield is high.Wherein, process 2(embodiment 2) effect of increasing production the most remarkable, process 1(embodiment 1) effect of increasing production take second place.Therefore, the Long-term biological slow-release fertilizer special for peanut formula in embodiment 2 is worthy to be popularized the most.