CN112225625A - Special controlled-release fertilizer for conventional japonica rice, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Special controlled-release fertilizer for conventional japonica rice, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
- C05G5/36—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings layered or coated with sulfur
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special controlled-release fertilizer for conventional japonica rice, and a preparation method and application thereof. The conventional special controlled-release fertilizer for japonica rice comprises 8-14 parts of controlled-release potassium fertilizer; 23-29 parts of first controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer; the second controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 16 to 22 parts; the third controlled release nitrogen fertilizer is 9 to 15 parts; 5-10 parts of diammonium phosphate; 10-15 parts of quick-acting urea; 8-12 parts of potassium chloride; the controlled-release potassium fertilizer is in a 3-month release period, the first controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is in a 1-month release period, the second controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is in a 2-month release period, and the third controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is in a 3-month release period. The preparation method is simple, and has the effects of solving the fertilizer requirement of the conventional japonica rice for one time, increasing both production and income, saving fertilizer with high efficiency, saving labor and time, and being ecological and environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of special fertilizer formulas for rice fields, in particular to a special controlled release fertilizer suitable for conventional japonica rice production in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the rigid increase of the demand of japonica rice, the rising of price, the improvement of the planting benefit of farmers and the support of factors such as the adjustment of the planting structure of high-quality rice in China, the planting area of japonica rice, especially high-quality japonica rice, in China is continuously increased. According to Cao Li Ming report (China's breed, 2018(9):19-22), the japonica rice planting area in China is about 900 ten thousand hm2The method is mainly distributed in four areas, namely north, north China, middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river, Yunobu plateau and the like. Wherein, the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river account for 40 percent. Aiming at the development situation of japonica rice in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river, the method is very important for finding out the requirement characteristics of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients of the conventional japonica rice. According to the research report of Genistein Jie (journal of plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 201403), the absorption amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of each hundred kilograms of seeds of high-yield conventional japonica rice in Jianghuai region are 1.79 (1.38-2.12) kg, 0.502 (0.346-0.706) kg and 2.467 (2.001-2.881) kg respectively. The reasonable nitrogen and potassium absorption dynamics of the conventional japonica rice in each growth period are analyzed, the conventional japonica rice has 2 high peak values of nitrogen and potassium absorption in the whole life, wherein the nitrogen and potassium absorption amounts of the seedling transplanting period to the jointing period account for 40.69 percent and 29.04 percent respectively; the nitrogen and potassium absorption amounts of the total absorption amount from the jointing stage to the heading stage are 42.44 percent and 36.13 percent respectively; the absorption of nitrogen and potassium is gradually reduced after ear-picking and flower-raising.
The conventional japonica rice production in Jianghuai area can be divided into 5 types of early middle japonica, middle japonica and late middle japonica, and early late japonica and middle late japonica according to the type with the growth period as the standard in the breed utilization, and the growth period is from 135 days to 160 days. In recent years, the yield of conventional japonica rice is improved mainly by optimizing a nitrogen fertilizer management mode and applying a slow release fertilizer, so that the fertilizer requirement rule and the fertilizer efficiency release rate of crops are more consistent. The conventional japonica rice high-yield cultivation technology in Jianghuai areas generally requires fertilization in multiple times, and changes the traditional one-time fertilization into 'one-base four-top dressing', namely base fertilizer, 2-time tillering fertilizer, flower promoting fertilizer and flower protecting fertilizer, wherein the tillering fertilizer is generally fertilized within 7-15 days after seedling transplantation; the panicle fertilizer is applied to the rice with the leaf age of about 3.5 leaves (generally about 50 to 60 days after the transplantation of the rice seedlings). The general farmers apply the fertilizer for 4-5 times in a rice growing tube, which greatly increases the fertilizing times. The conventional fertilization management is that base fertilizer is applied firstly, wherein the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer all at once. For example, the south japonica 5055 of the early-maturing late japonica rice variety which is popularized in a large area in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river is taken as an example, the variety has strong lodging resistance and is suitable for horizontal planting of fertilizers with the fertilizer content above the medium level. The principle of 'front weight, middle stability and back supplement' is mastered on the aspect of fertilizer operation, tillering fertilizer is applied early, nitrogen fertilizer is applied stably in the jointing stage, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is applied additionally, and spike fertilizer is applied after seedlings are seen in the later stage. The fertilization process is complicated, so that the farmers are not easy to master the technical key points, and the fertilization difficulty is increased. Because of the characteristics of high nitrogen content (46%) of urea and low fertilization cost, the top dressing is usually carried out on urea surface. In general, urea is rapidly hydrolyzed under the action of urease after being applied to soil, a large amount of ammonia is volatilized after one week of application, so that serious nitrogen fertilizer loss is caused, and the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer is low and is generally about 35%. And because potash fertilizer is used as base fertilizer once, because potash is active, potash has strong mobility in soil, and is easy to run off along with water by leaching and other modes, but the rice tillering period in the middle of 6 to 7 months of each year in Jianghuai area is suitable for plum rain frequently, and the rainfall capacity of the rice in general year is large, researches show that the loss of potash is in direct proportion to the rainfall intensity, so that the loss of potash applied once by the base fertilizer is serious, and the conventional japonica rice is easy to senilis due to insufficient supply of soil potash in the potassium absorption peak period (booting period), and the resistance is reduced, and the quality of japonica rice grains is also seriously reduced.
According to research reports, the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizers in China is only 30% -35%, which is lower than the average utilization rate (46%) of nitrogen fertilizers in the world. Improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, reduce the input of fertilizer and have important economic and ecological benefits. The fertilizer applied in the conventional japonica rice production at present mainly takes quick-acting fertilizers such as nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, urea and the like, and the fertilizer is fast in dissolution, short in fertilizer effect and easy to run off, so that the fertilizer can not be applied at one time or together with sowing. Aiming at the nutrient demand characteristics of the conventional japonica rice, a suitable novel fertilizer variety is screened, and the method has a guiding effect on the quality improvement and the efficiency improvement of the rice industry in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river. The slow-release fertilizer is a fertilizer with slow nutrient release rate and long release period, can meet the requirement of the growth of crops in the whole growth period of the crops, and can solve the problem of one-time fertilization of the conventional japonica rice, for example, Chinese patent document CN101182260A (200710114006.1) discloses a 'slow-release compound fertilizer for machine transplanting of rice', the invention utilizes the controlled-release fertilizer produced by a resin coating material, can prolong the fertilizer supply time and realize the synchronization of nutrient release and crop nutrition by a method for producing the special controlled-release fertilizer for the conventional rice through compounding, but the nitrogen of the invention can only carry out nitrogen slow release for 2 times (a booting stage and a heading stage), and particularly, the labor is increased by manually applying a quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer (such as urea) in the tillering stage of the japonica rice (generally about 7-15 days after seedling transplanting); the patent document CN 106673770 a (201710144850.2) discloses that the slow release period of nitrogen and potassium is only 60 days, and similarly, there is no short-term (20-30 days) nitrogen in the slow release period to meet the nutrient demand of non-glutinous rice for nitrogen during tillering, which may result in too few tillers of rice due to insufficient nitrogen supply during tillering, and the formation of yield is affected by insufficient spike number per mu during the mature period (reported by chen xiao et al, chinese agri 2015, 48 (24)); chinese patent document CN 108440054A (201810348794.9) discloses a fertilizer suitable for one-time fertilization of rice and a preparation method thereof, although the invention can effectively ensure the requirement of the rice on nitrogen in the growth period of some varieties, particularly the resin coated urea in the release period of 40 days can basically meet the nutritional requirement of the rice on nitrogen in the tillering period, because the nitrogen proportion in the second slow release period is too large and the slow release period is too long (90 days), the varieties with longer growth period (such as more than 175 days) can meet the requirements of nitrogen and potassium in the booting period of rice, but the growth period of most varieties in the planting area of the Jianghuai japonica rice is about 150 days, the jointing period is about 60 days after the transplantation, the spike shape may be small due to insufficient supply of nitrogen and potassium nutrients during the booting stage, and the excessive supply of nitrogen during the later stage may cause excessive absorption of nitrogen in rice and delayed maturity of the rice.
Therefore, in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the development of the conventional special controlled-release fertilizer for japonica rice, which is suitable for one-time fertilization, is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
According to one aspect of the invention, the invention provides a special controlled release fertilizer for conventional japonica rice, which comprises the following raw material components in parts by mass: 8-14 parts of controlled-release potash fertilizer; 23-29 parts of first controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer; the second controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 16 to 22 parts; the third controlled release nitrogen fertilizer is 9 to 15 parts; 5-10 parts of diammonium phosphate; 10-15 parts of quick-acting urea; 8-12 parts of potassium chloride;
the controlled-release potassium fertilizer is in a 3-month release period, the first controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is in a 1-month release period, the second controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is in a 2-month release period, and the third controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is in a 3-month release period.
In some embodiments, the raw material components are in parts by mass: 10-12 parts of controlled-release potash fertilizer; 25-29 parts of first controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer; 18 to 20 portions of second controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer; the third controlled release nitrogen fertilizer is 10 to 13 parts; 6-9 parts of diammonium phosphate; 11-14 parts of quick-acting urea; 9-11 parts of potassium chloride.
In some embodiments, the raw material components are in parts by mass:
10.3 parts of sulfur-coated slow-release potassium chloride; 26.2 parts of first controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer; 19.7 parts of second controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer; the third controlled release nitrogen fertilizer is 12.9 parts; 7.7 parts of diammonium phosphate; 13.2 portions of quick-acting urea; 10 parts of potassium chloride.
In some embodiments, the first controlled release nitrogen fertilizer is a first sulfur coated controlled release urea (SCU type i release period); the second controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is second sulfur-coated controlled-release urea (SCU II type); the third controlled release nitrogen fertilizer is a third sulfur coated controlled release urea (SCU iii).
In some embodiments, the controlled release potash fertilizer is sulfur-coated slow release potassium chloride, and the diammonium phosphate is granular; the quick-acting urea is in large granular form; the potassium chloride is in the form of granules.
In some embodiments, the first controlled-release urea is a controlled-release fertilizer with a nitrogen content of 38-42% by mass and a nutrient release period of 30 days; the second controlled-release urea is a controlled-release fertilizer with the nitrogen mass percent of 36-40% and the nutrient release period of 55-60 days; the third controlled release urea is a controlled release fertilizer with the nitrogen content of 34-38% by mass and the nutrient release period of 80-90 days; the sulfur-coated slow-release potassium chloride is a controlled-release fertilizer with the mass percent of 56-59% of potassium oxide and the nutrient release period of 85-95 days.
In some embodiments, the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the controlled release fertilizer are respectively 28-32%, 4-6% and 10-14%.
The implementation scheme of the invention is that in the conventional special controlled release fertilizer for japonica rice, the contents of various effective chemical elements in percentage by weight calculated as pure nutrients are respectively as follows: 29 to 32 percent of nitrogen, 4.0 to 5.5 percent of phosphorus pentoxide and 11.0 to 13.0 percent of potassium oxide, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer comprises a controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer, the content of nitrogen element in the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is 70 to 80 percent of the total content of nitrogen element in the nitrogen fertilizer, the proportion of nitrogen element in 1-month release period to total nitrogen is 33 to 37 percent, the proportion of nitrogen element in 2-month release period to total nitrogen is 22 to 28 percent, and the proportion of nitrogen element in 3-month release period to total nitrogen is 13 to 17 percent; the potassium fertilizer comprises a controlled-release potassium fertilizer with a release period of 3 months, and the content of potassium elements in the controlled-release potassium fertilizer is 45-55% of the total content of potassium elements in the potassium fertilizer.
According to the preferable embodiment of the conventional controlled release fertilizer special for japonica rice, in the conventional controlled release fertilizer special for japonica rice, the contents of main nutrient effective chemical elements in percentage by weight calculated as pure nutrients are respectively as follows: 30% of nitrogen, 4% of phosphorus pentoxide and 12% of potassium oxide.
In still another preferred embodiment of the conventional controlled-release fertilizer special for japonica rice according to the present invention, the content of nitrogen element in the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is 75% of the total content of nitrogen element in the nitrogen fertilizer, and the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is sulfur-coated controlled-release urea. Wherein the proportion of nitrogen in the total nitrogen in the 1-month release period, the 2-month release period and the 3-month release period is respectively 35%, 25% and 15%.
The preparation method of the conventional controlled release fertilizer special for japonica rice comprises the steps of taking sulfur-coated controlled release potassium chloride, first sulfur-coated controlled release urea, second sulfur-coated controlled release urea, third sulfur-coated controlled release urea, granular diammonium phosphate, large granular quick-acting urea and granular potassium chloride according to the formula proportion, putting all the raw materials into a stirrer, stirring for 5 minutes at the rotating speed of 10 revolutions per minute, fully and uniformly mixing to obtain the conventional controlled release fertilizer special for japonica rice, and feeding the conventional one-time fertilizer for japonica rice into a metering and packaging machine for metering and packaging. The method has the advantages of simplicity, easiness in operation, good coating effect, long fertilizer efficiency period and high fertilizer utilization rate.
The application of the conventional controlled release fertilizer special for japonica rice is characterized in that the conventional controlled release fertilizer special for japonica rice is mechanically applied to soil with the side of 3-5 cm and the depth of 3-5 cm at one time, or a shallow water layer is kept after the soil is ploughed and leveled, a slow controlled release formula fertilizer is directly applied to a paddy field by a mechanical fertilizer applicator, and then rotary tillage is carried out, so that the fertilizer and soil are fully and uniformly mixed. The fertilizer consumption of each mu of field is 58-60 kg of low fertility field and 50-52 kg of high fertility field. The fertilizer has the advantages that if mechanical fertilization is adopted, the fertilizer can be positioned at the position 3cm lateral to the rice seedling or the rice seed, and the rice seedling or the rice seed is not damaged; meanwhile, the fertilizer can be applied quantitatively and uniformly, the conventional japonica rice can absorb nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients nearby the root system of the conventional japonica rice, the release of the fertilizer nutrients is basically consistent with the requirement rule of crops, the nutrient loss is reduced, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be further improved.
The special controlled-release fertilizer for conventional japonica rice has the beneficial effects that:
1. increasing both production and income. The fertilizer can basically meet the nutrient requirement of the conventional japonica rice in the whole growth period, fully considers the nutrient requirement rule of the whole growth period of the conventional japonica rice on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and combines nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in a proper proportion, so that the requirement of the conventional japonica rice on the nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the early growth and development period can be met, part of nitrogen and potassium are synchronously released with the conventional japonica rice in the jointing period to the booting period, the requirement of reproductive growth of plants on nutrient absorption can be promoted, the japonica rice is not vigorous in the early growth period, the fertilizer is not removed in the later period, and the yield increase effect is remarkable.
2. High efficiency and fertilizer saving. The conventional special controlled-release fertilizer for japonica rice prepared by compounding is suitable for a rice transplanter or a rotary tillage mechanical direct seeder with a side deep fertilization function. The fertilizer adopts mechanical fertilization, can be positioned at the position of 3cm at the side of the seedling, and does not harm the seedling; meanwhile, the fertilizer can be applied quantitatively and uniformly, the conventional japonica rice can absorb nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients nearby the root system of the conventional japonica rice, the release of the fertilizer nutrients is basically consistent with the requirement rule of crops, the nutrient loss is reduced, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be further improved.
3. Saving labor and time. The mechanical fertilization is adopted, the fertilizer requirement of the conventional japonica rice for the whole life is met at one time, the fertilization quantity and times can be reduced, the additional fertilization is reduced by 3-4 times compared with the habitual fertilization of farmers, the fertilization is convenient, and the labor and the cost are saved.
4. Is ecological and environment-friendly. The sulfur-based coated urea and the sulfur-based coated material in the sulfur-based coated potassium chloride are slowly decomposed under the action of water in soil and microorganisms, no residue is left on the soil, secondary pollution is avoided, and the nutritional requirements of crops on sulfur nutrients can be met at one stroke. In addition, the slow-release fertilizer can reduce resource waste caused by fertilizer loss and soil, underground water and air pollution caused by excessive fertilization due to slow release of nutrients
5. The preparation method is simple and easy to implement, and has good coating effect, long fertilizer efficiency period and high fertilizer utilization rate.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
The sulfur-coated controlled-release urea (first sulfur-coated controlled-release urea (containing 40% of nitrogen), second sulfur-coated controlled-release urea (containing 38% of nitrogen), and third sulfur-coated controlled-release urea (containing 35% of nitrogen)) and the sulfur-coated controlled-release potassium chloride (containing 58% of potassium oxide) in the examples are commercially available products of Hanfeng slow-release fertilizer (Jiangsu) Limited, and granular urea, granular diammonium phosphate superior products and granular potassium chloride are common commercially available products.
Example N, P2O5、K2The mass percentages of O are respectively 30%, 4% and 12%.
The fertilizer for the conventional japonica rice is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 132kg of common urea (namely quick-acting urea); 262kg of sulfur-coated controlled-release urea with a release period of 1 month, namely first sulfur-coated controlled-release urea; 197.2.8kg of sulfur-coated controlled-release urea with a 2-month release period, namely second sulfur-coated controlled-release urea; 128.4kg of sulfur-coated controlled-release urea with a 3-month release period, namely, third sulfur-coated controlled-release urea; 76.9kg of granular diammonium phosphate; common potassium chloride particle 100 kg; 103.4kg of sulfur-coated controlled-release potassium chloride with a release period of 3 months.
Taking sulfur-coated controlled-release urea, common urea, granular diammonium phosphate, granular potassium chloride and sulfur-coated controlled-release potassium chloride with different release periods according to a formula, putting all the raw materials into a stirrer, stirring for 5 minutes at a rotating speed of 10 revolutions per minute, fully and uniformly mixing to obtain the fertilizer suitable for the one-time fertilization of the conventional japonica rice, and feeding the conventional japonica rice one-time fertilization fertilizer into a metering and packaging machine for metering and packaging.
In 2017, a conventional japonica rice one-time fertilizer application test (table 1) is carried out in summer in Jiangsu Sagao as Rugao city and township, the nutrient consumption of phosphate fertilizers and potassium fertilizers processed by applying the conventional japonica rice one-time fertilizers is the same as the habit processing of farmers, the habit fertilization base application and the one-time fertilization are carried out by using a side deep fertilizing transplanter, the nitrogen consumption is reduced by 17.7 percent compared with the habit processing of the farmers, and the nitrogen fertilizers processed by the farmers are divided into base fertilizers, tillering fertilizers and panicle fertilizers which are applied for 4 times. The results show that the yield of the conventional japonica rice disposable fertilizer is increased by 4.24 percent, the yield of the nitrogen fertilizer is increased by 26.77 percent, the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer is increased by 7.87 percent, and the net benefit is increased by 7.58 percent. Table 1 shows the comparison between the one-time fertilization of conventional japonica rice in warp town and the treatment of the habit of farmers
TABLE 12017 years testing results of the meridian town comparing table
Unit: total fertilizer application amount (kg/mu), nitrogen element dosage (kg/mu), yield (kg/mu), fertilizer cost (yuan/mu), labor cost for fertilizer application and sowing (yuan/mu), other cost (yuan/mu), total benefit (yuan/mu), net benefit (yuan/mu), nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity (kg/kg) and nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate (%).
Note: the amount of the fertilizer base fertilizer used by farmers is (15-6-9) 40 kg/mu of compound fertilizer, and the unit price is 1.41 yuan/kg; 23.0kg of urea with the concentration of 46 percent is applied to each mu of tillering fertilizer and flower promoting fertilizer, and the unit price is 2.1 yuan/kg; applying 20kg of special spike fertilizer (28-0-12) per mu of spike fertilizer, wherein the unit price is 2.6 kg/mu, and the amount of labor for applying is 15 yuan/mu; the other costs of transplanting, harvesting and the like are 180 yuan/mu, and the unit price of the conventional japonica rice grains is 3.0 yuan/kg.
A conventional japonica rice one-time fertilization fertilizer test (shown in Table 2) was carried out in Baipu Zhen of Rugao city in Jiangsu province in 2018, the nutrient consumption of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer treated by applying the conventional japonica rice one-time fertilizer is the same as the habit treatment of farmers, the basal application and the one-time fertilization of the habit fertilizer are carried out by using a side deep fertilization transplanter, the nitrogen consumption is reduced by 17.8 percent compared with the habit treatment of the farmers, and the nitrogen fertilizer treated by the habit of the farmers is applied by 4 times including basal fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and panicle fertilizer. The results show that the yield of the conventional japonica rice disposable fertilizer is increased by 6.63 percent, the yield of the nitrogen fertilizer is increased by 29.8 percent, the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer is improved by 9.07 percent, and the net benefit is increased by 10.79 percent compared with the treatment of the habit of farmers.
TABLE 2 comparison of conventional japonica rice in Typha angustifolia with one-time fertilization and treatment of farmer habits
Unit: total fertilizer application amount (kg/mu), nitrogen element dosage (kg/mu), yield (kg/mu), fertilizer cost (yuan/mu), labor cost for fertilizer application and sowing (yuan/mu), other cost (yuan/mu), total benefit (yuan/mu), net benefit (yuan/mu), nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity (kg/kg) and nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate (%).
Note: the farmer habit fertilizer base fertilizer is (15-6-9) 40kg of compound fertilizer, and the unit price is 1.43 yuan/kg; 25.0kg of urea with the concentration of 46 percent is applied to each mu of the tillering fertilizer and the flower promoting fertilizer, and the unit price is 2.2 yuan/kg; applying 20kg of special spike fertilizer (28-0-12) per mu of spike fertilizer, wherein the unit price is 2.6 kg/mu, and the amount of labor for applying is 15 yuan/mu; other costs such as transplanting, harvesting and the like are 180 yuan/mu, and the unit price of the conventional japonica rice grains is 2.6 yuan/kg. What has been described above are merely some embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept thereof, and these changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The special controlled release fertilizer for conventional japonica rice is characterized by comprising the following raw material components in parts by mass: 8-14 parts of controlled-release potash fertilizer; 23-29 parts of first controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer; the second controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 16 to 22 parts; the third controlled release nitrogen fertilizer is 9 to 15 parts; 5-10 parts of diammonium phosphate; 10-15 parts of quick-acting urea; 8-12 parts of potassium chloride;
the controlled-release potassium fertilizer is in a 3-month release period, the first controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is in a 1-month release period, the second controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is in a 2-month release period, and the third controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is in a 3-month release period.
2. The special controlled-release fertilizer for conventional japonica rice according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following raw material components in parts by mass: 10-12 parts of controlled-release potash fertilizer; 25-29 parts of first controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer; 18 to 20 portions of second controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer; the third controlled release nitrogen fertilizer is 10 to 13 parts; 6-9 parts of diammonium phosphate; 11-14 parts of quick-acting urea; 9-11 parts of potassium chloride.
3. The special controlled-release fertilizer for conventional japonica rice according to claim 2, which is characterized by comprising the following raw material components in parts by mass:
10.3 parts of sulfur-coated slow-release potassium chloride; 26.2 parts of first controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer; 19.7 parts of second controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer; the third controlled release nitrogen fertilizer is 12.9 parts; 7.7 parts of diammonium phosphate; 13.2 portions of quick-acting urea; 10 parts of potassium chloride.
4. The controlled-release fertilizer special for conventional japonica rice according to claim 1, wherein the first controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is first sulfur-coated controlled-release urea (SCU type i release period); the second controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is second sulfur-coated controlled-release urea (SCU II type); the third controlled release nitrogen fertilizer is a third sulfur coated controlled release urea (SCU iii).
5. The special controlled-release fertilizer for conventional japonica rice according to any one of claim 1, wherein the controlled-release potassium fertilizer is sulfur-coated slow-release potassium chloride, and diammonium phosphate is granular; the quick-acting urea is in large granular form; the potassium chloride is in the form of granules.
6. The special controlled-release fertilizer for conventional japonica rice according to claim 5, wherein the first controlled-release urea is a controlled-release fertilizer with a nitrogen content of 38-42% by mass and a nutrient release period of 30 days; the second controlled-release urea is a controlled-release fertilizer with the nitrogen mass percent of 36-40% and the nutrient release period of 55-60 days; the third controlled release urea is a controlled release fertilizer with the nitrogen content of 34-38% by mass and the nutrient release period of 80-90 days; the sulfur-coated slow-release potassium chloride is a controlled-release fertilizer with the mass percent of 56-59% of potassium oxide and the nutrient release period of 85-95 days.
7. The special controlled-release fertilizer for conventional japonica rice according to claim 1, wherein the controlled-release fertilizer comprises 28-32% by mass of nitrogen, 4-6% by mass of phosphorus and 10-14% by mass of potassium.
8. The preparation method of the conventional controlled release fertilizer special for japonica rice is characterized in that the conventional controlled release fertilizer special for japonica rice as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 is adopted, sulfur-coated controlled release potassium chloride, first sulfur-coated controlled release urea, second sulfur-coated controlled release urea, third sulfur-coated controlled release urea, granular diammonium phosphate, large-particle quick-acting urea and granular potassium chloride are taken according to the formula proportion, all raw materials are put into a stirrer to be stirred for 5 to 10 minutes at the rotating speed of 10 revolutions per minute, the raw materials are fully mixed to obtain the fertilizer, and the fertilizer is fed into a metering and packaging machine to be metered and packaged.
9. The application of the conventional controlled release fertilizer special for japonica rice is characterized in that the conventional controlled release fertilizer special for japonica rice as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 is mechanically applied to soil with the depth of 3-5 cm and 3-5 cm on the side of seedlings or rice seeds at one time, or after the soil is ploughed and leveled, a shallow water layer is kept, the controlled release fertilizer is directly applied to paddy fields in a scattering manner, and then rotary tillage is carried out, so that the fertilizer and the soil are fully and uniformly mixed. The fertilizer consumption of each mu of field is 58-60 kg of low fertility field and 50-52 kg of high fertility field.
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| CN202010928693.6A CN112225625A (en) | 2020-09-07 | 2020-09-07 | Special controlled-release fertilizer for conventional japonica rice, and preparation method and application thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113582782A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-02 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Segmented-absorption fully-degradable coated rod fertilizer for cigarettes and preparation method thereof |
| CN113666787A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2021-11-19 | 烟台众德集团有限公司 | Special controlled-release fertilizer for rice and application method thereof |
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| CN102167649A (en) * | 2011-01-07 | 2011-08-31 | 菏泽金正大生态工程有限公司 | Controlled release fertilizer special for japonica rice in Northeast China and preparation and application thereof |
| CN103922853A (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2014-07-16 | 南京农业大学 | Slow-release compound fertilizer for mechanical transplanting of rice seedlings |
| CN110304969A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2019-10-08 | 苏建平 | A kind of wheat special controlled release fertilizer, preparation method and its application |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102167649A (en) * | 2011-01-07 | 2011-08-31 | 菏泽金正大生态工程有限公司 | Controlled release fertilizer special for japonica rice in Northeast China and preparation and application thereof |
| CN103922853A (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2014-07-16 | 南京农业大学 | Slow-release compound fertilizer for mechanical transplanting of rice seedlings |
| CN110304969A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2019-10-08 | 苏建平 | A kind of wheat special controlled release fertilizer, preparation method and its application |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113582782A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-02 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Segmented-absorption fully-degradable coated rod fertilizer for cigarettes and preparation method thereof |
| CN113666787A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2021-11-19 | 烟台众德集团有限公司 | Special controlled-release fertilizer for rice and application method thereof |
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